The convergence of spintronics and multiferroics has enabled unprecedented control of charge and spin degrees of freedom,opening new avenues for multifunctional tunnel junctions.This review provides a systematic overv...The convergence of spintronics and multiferroics has enabled unprecedented control of charge and spin degrees of freedom,opening new avenues for multifunctional tunnel junctions.This review provides a systematic overview of multiferroic materials and their integration into tunnel junction devices.First,we categorize multiferroics into type-Ⅰ,type-Ⅱ,and heterostructures,discussing synthesis strategies,material design,and approaches for tuning ferroic properties and magnetoelectric coupling.Next,we examine tunnel junctions,including magnetic and ferroelectric types,and focus on multiferroic tunnel junctions(MFTJs),highlighting the mechanisms underlying tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)and tunneling electroresistance(TER),as well as the roles of interfacial engineering,electrode asymmetry,and multifield control.Special attention is given to emerging two-dimensional van der Waals MFTJs,which offer multi-level data storage,ultralow-power operation,and efficient spin filtering.Finally,we discuss challenges and future directions,emphasizing the importance of room-temperature,strongly coupled 2D multiferroics,scalable fabrication,and interface optimization for next-generation nonvolatile memory and multifunctional spintronic applications.展开更多
Multiferroics,where multiple ferroic orders coexist and couple,have been one of the most active fields in condensed matter physics over the past two decades.In particular,the cross-control between magnetic and electri...Multiferroics,where multiple ferroic orders coexist and couple,have been one of the most active fields in condensed matter physics over the past two decades.In particular,the cross-control between magnetic and electric variables,i.e.,the magnetoelectric coupling effect,provides a unique advantage for developing low-consumption electronic devices.In recent years,the field has seen a fundamental expansion of its scope to include topological magnetoelectricity and twodimensional(2D)multiferroics.This review mainly focuses on the progress made in the last decade,covering new material exploration and emerging physical phenomena.It begins with an overview of linear magnetoelectricity,continues with detailed discussions of emerging topological magnetoelectricity and 2D multiferroics,and ends with an outlook on future developments for multiferroicity and magnetoelectric coupling.展开更多
Enhancing the nonconservative force exerted on the ferromagnetic material is a key strategy for improving magnetoelastic coupling in multiferroic composites.Inspired by the mechanism of pulsed lasers injecting phonons...Enhancing the nonconservative force exerted on the ferromagnetic material is a key strategy for improving magnetoelastic coupling in multiferroic composites.Inspired by the mechanism of pulsed lasers injecting phonons directly into ferromagnetic materials,we propose a method to introduce and amplify phonons by constructing a“phonon channel”.Analyzing the magnon excitation spectrum reveals that magnetoelastic coupling is significantly enhanced with an increasing amplification coefficient Apof nonconservative force in the phonon channel.When the external magnetic field is parallel to the wave vector of the spin wave,the amplitude of magnons in the anti-crossing region exhibits left-right symmetry with respect to the crossing point.In contrast,when the magnetic field is perpendicular,the symmetry becomes up-down.Introducing a coupling layer into the multiferroic composites provides a viable approach to realizing the phonon channel.Taking a multiferroic composite structure consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride and yttrium iron garnet as an example,we compare the electrical and acoustic properties of multiferroic composites with and without a coupling layer in the microwave frequency band.The enhancement of electrical and acoustic properties confirms the effectiveness of the phonon channel in multiferroic composites.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)multiferroic materials,characterized by the coexistence of multiple ferroic orders at atomic thicknesses governed by interlayer van der Waals(vdW)interactions,have garnered significant attention due...Two-dimensional(2D)multiferroic materials,characterized by the coexistence of multiple ferroic orders at atomic thicknesses governed by interlayer van der Waals(vdW)interactions,have garnered significant attention due to their exotic physical properties and potential for next-generation information storage,logic,and magnetoelectric spintronic applications,particularly in high-density memory and ultralow-power information processing.This review revisits the fundamental concepts of multiferroicity from symmetry and thermodynamic perspectives,classifies the dominant mechanisms responsible for generating multiferroics and their 2D extensions,and discusses specific material systems ranging from intrinsic to engineered multiferroics.The primary objective of this review is to provide a clear roadmap of the current landscape and offer perspectives on key challenges and opportunities in this rapidly developing field.展开更多
Multiferroic materials,which integrate ferroelectric and magnetic orders through magnetoelectric (ME) coupling, enable electric-field control of magnetism.However, bulk multiferroics face limitations, including relati...Multiferroic materials,which integrate ferroelectric and magnetic orders through magnetoelectric (ME) coupling, enable electric-field control of magnetism.However, bulk multiferroics face limitations, including relatively small spontaneous polarization,weak ME coupling coefficients,and limited operational stability under ambient conditions due to oxygen-vacancy-induced leakage currents, which restrict their practical applications.展开更多
Near-sensor computing technology shows high efficiency and intelligence,exhibiting significant promise in the post-Moore era.The light power density and wavelength are used as the stimulations to implement reconfigura...Near-sensor computing technology shows high efficiency and intelligence,exhibiting significant promise in the post-Moore era.The light power density and wavelength are used as the stimulations to implement reconfigurable logic operations(AND,OR)in dual-band-response Bi0.5Na0.5Ti0.85Fe0.15O3multiferroic photodetectors,where the polarization-dependent photocurrents are the weighting factors.The p-d hybridization between the O atom and Fe dopants constructs the mixed band structure and carrier transport network.The in-sensor computing photodetectors showcase optical encryption communication of the English alphabet and Chinese characters by ASCII code.This research holds promise for the in-sensor computing paradigm,enabling complex tasks.展开更多
Multiferroic composites hold great promise in electronic devices because of their exceptional magnetoelectric coupling effects,and multilayer core-shell nanofibers are considered as ideal carriers for achieving high-p...Multiferroic composites hold great promise in electronic devices because of their exceptional magnetoelectric coupling effects,and multilayer core-shell nanofibers are considered as ideal carriers for achieving high-performance responses.However,existing theories often assume perfectly circular fiber cross-sections while neglecting the interfacial effects.This makes it difficult to accurately characterize the elliptical cross-sections and nanoscale interface properties commonly observed in practical fabrication.To address this issue,this study establishes a theoretical model for multilayer multiferroic nanofiber composites.The model simultaneously accounts for both the fiber shape and interfacial effects.Using the generalized self-consistency method and complex function approach,this work further derives analytical solutions for the effective magneto-electric-elastic(MEE)moduli.Based on this model,the study systematically investigates the influence of the coated fiber shape,fiber size,coated fiber volume fraction,and inner-to-outer coating thickness ratio on the composite's effective MEE moduli.The findings reveal the synergistic mechanism,by which the elliptical fiber shape and multiple interfacial effects regulate the magnetoelectric anisotropy,thereby providing crucial theoretical guidance for designing the structure of high-performance multiferroic nanocomposites and optimizing their performance.展开更多
Van der Waals(vdW)multiferroic heterostructures,formed by stacking two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric and magnetic materials,have emerged as a highly promising platform for next-generation electronic devices.The atomica...Van der Waals(vdW)multiferroic heterostructures,formed by stacking two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric and magnetic materials,have emerged as a highly promising platform for next-generation electronic devices.The atomically sharp,dangling-bond-free interfaces of these heterostructures,combined with unprecedented design freedom unrestricted by lattice-matching constraints,provide an ideal playground for exploring novel magnetoelectric phenomena.This review systematically surveys the fundamental progress,challenges,and future applications in this rapidly advancing field.We begin by examining the three key interfacial magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms that have been theoretically proposed:polarization-gated interfacial charge transfer,interfacial orbital hybridization,and polarization-modulated interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI).Subsequently,we bridge theory and practice by reviewing pivotal experimental demonstrations,from initial proof-of-concept work in hybrid-dimensional systems and intrinsic-mechanism explorations in low-temperature all-vdW systems to the landmark breakthrough of non-volatile electrical control of magnetism at room temperature.Building on this physical foundation,we highlight the immense potential of this field for future device applications,focusing on three promising paradigms,including ultra-low-power memory and logic,brain-inspired neuromorphic computing,and topological spintronics based on the electrical manipulation of skyrmions.Finally,we conclude by summarizing current research bottlenecks and outlining key future directions to transition this promising field from fundamental research to tangible technology.展开更多
Multiferroic tunnel junctions(MFTJs),which combine tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)and electroresistance(TER)efects,have emerged as key candidates for data storage.Two-dimensional van der Waals(vdW)MFTJs,in particular...Multiferroic tunnel junctions(MFTJs),which combine tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)and electroresistance(TER)efects,have emerged as key candidates for data storage.Two-dimensional van der Waals(vdW)MFTJs,in particular,are promising spintronic devices for the post-Moore era.However,these vdW MFTJs are typically based on multiferroics composed of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials or multilayer magnetic materials with sliding ferroelectricity,which increases device fabrication complexity.In this work,we design a vdW MFTJ using bilayer MoPtGe2S6,a material with homologous multiferroicity in each monolayer,combined with symmetric PtTe2electrodes.Using frst-principles calculations based on density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's functions,we theoretically explore the spin-polarized electronic transport properties of this MFTJ.By controlling the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarization directions of bilayer MoPtGe2S6,the MFTJ can exhibit six distinct non-volatile resistance states,with maximum TMR(137%)and TER(1943%)ratios.Under biaxial strain,TMR and TER can increase to 265%and 4210%,respectively.The TER ratio also increases to 2186%under a 0.1 V bias voltage.Remarkably,the MFTJ exhibits a pronounced spin-fltering and a signifcant negative diferential resistance efect.These fndings not only highlight the potential of monolayer multiferroic MoPtGe2S6for MFTJs but also ofer valuable theoretical insights for future experimental investigations.展开更多
The adhesion enhancing effect induced by electro-magnetic loading and the adhesion weakening effect resulting from interfacial shear stress have been observed and widely reported in open literature.However,the adhesio...The adhesion enhancing effect induced by electro-magnetic loading and the adhesion weakening effect resulting from interfacial shear stress have been observed and widely reported in open literature.However,the adhesion behavior of multiferroic composites in the simultaneous presence of these two effects and the competitive mechanism between them are still unclear.In this paper,the non-slipping adhesive contact problem between a multiferroic half-space and a perfectly conducting rigid cylinder subject to multi-field loading is studied.The stated problem is reduced to a system of coupled singular integral equations,which are analytically solved with the analytical function theory.The closed-form solutions of the generalized stress fields including the contact stress,normal electric displacement,and magnetic induction are obtained.The stable equilibrium state of the adhesion system is determined with the Griffith energy balance criterion.The adhesion behavior subject to mechanical-electro-magnetic loading and a mismatch strain is discussed in detail.Numerical results indicate that exerting electro-magnetic loading can enhance the adhesion effect for both two types of multiferroic composites,namely,κ-class(non-oscillatory singularity)andε-class,which is different from the case of piezoelectric materials.It is found that the contact size finally decreases in the simultaneous presence of the electro-magnetic enhancing and shear-stress weakening effects.The results derived from this work not only are helpful to understand the contact behavior of multiferroic composites at microano scale,but also have potential application value in achieving switchable adhesion.展开更多
This paper investigates the frictional adhesive contact of a rigid,electrically/magnetically conductive spherical indenter sliding past a multiferroic coating deposed onto a rigid substrate,based on the hybrid element...This paper investigates the frictional adhesive contact of a rigid,electrically/magnetically conductive spherical indenter sliding past a multiferroic coating deposed onto a rigid substrate,based on the hybrid element method.The adhesion behavior is described based on the Maugis-Dugdale model.The adhesion-driven conjugate gradient method is employed to calculate the distribution of unknown pressures,while the discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform is utilized to compute the deformations,surface electric and magnetic potentials as well as the subsurface stresses,electric displacements,and magnetic inductions.The goal of this study is to investigate the influences of adhesion parameter,friction coefficient,coating thickness,and surface electric and magnetic charge densities on contact behaviors,such as contact area and pressures,electric and magnetic potentials,and subsurface stresses.展开更多
Ferromagnetic materials play an important role in memory materials,but conventional control methods are often limited by issues such as high power consumption and volatility.Multiferroic heterostructures provide a pro...Ferromagnetic materials play an important role in memory materials,but conventional control methods are often limited by issues such as high power consumption and volatility.Multiferroic heterostructures provide a promising alternative to achieve low power consumption and nonvolatile electric control of magnetic properties.In this paper,a two-dimensional multiferroic van der Waals heterostructure OsCl2/Sc2CO2,which is composed of ferromagnetic monolayer OsCl2and ferroelectric monolayer Sc2CO2,is studied by first-principles density functional theory.The results show that by reversing the direction of the electric polarization of Sc2CO2,OsCl2can be transformed from a semiconductor to a half-metal,demonstrating a nonvolatile electrical manipulation of the heterostructure through ferroelectric polarization.The underlying physical mechanism is explained by band alignments and charge density differences.Furthermore,based on the heterostructure,we construct a multiferroic tunnel junction with a tunnel electroresistance ratio of 3.38×1014%and a tunnel magnetoresistance ratio of 5.04×106%,allowing control of conduction states via instantaneous electric or magnetic fields.The findings provide a feasible strategy for designing advanced nanodevices based on the giant tunnel electroresistance and tunnel magnetoresistance effects.展开更多
We have investigated the magnetic, dielectric, pyroelectric, and thermal expansion properties of a layered perovskite metal–organic framework, [NH4Cl]2[Ni(HCOO)2(NH3)2]. The material undergoes three ph...We have investigated the magnetic, dielectric, pyroelectric, and thermal expansion properties of a layered perovskite metal–organic framework, [NH4Cl]2[Ni(HCOO)2(NH3)2]. The material undergoes three phase transitions including a canted antiferromagnetic transition at ~36 K, and two successive structural transitions around 100 K and 110 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity and pyroelectric current suggests that the structural transitions induce weak ferroelectricity along the c-axis and antiferroelectricity in the ab plane. A negative thermal expansion along the c-axis is observed between two structural phase transitions, which is ascribed to the abnormal shrinkage of interlayer hydrogen bonding length. Moreover, the ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phase transition temperature shifts towards a higher temperature under a magnetic field, suggesting certain magnetoelectric coupling in the paramagnetic phase. Our study suggests that the layered metal–organic frameworks provide a unique playground for exploring exotic physical properties such as multiferroicity and abnormal thermal expansion.展开更多
The 0.6(Bi1-xLax)FeO 3-0.4SrTiO 3(x = 0,0.1) multiferroic ceramics are prepared by a modified Pechini method to study the effect of substitution of SrTiO3 and La in BiFeO3.The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm th...The 0.6(Bi1-xLax)FeO 3-0.4SrTiO 3(x = 0,0.1) multiferroic ceramics are prepared by a modified Pechini method to study the effect of substitution of SrTiO3 and La in BiFeO3.The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the single phase characteristics of all the compositions each with a rhombohedral structure.The magnetic properties of the ceramics are significantly improved by a solid solution with SrTiO3 and substitution of La.The values of the dielectric constant ε r and loss tangent tan δ of all the samples decrease with increasing frequency and become constant at room temperature.The La-doped 0.6BiFeO3-0.4SrTiO3 ceramics exhibit improved dielectric and ferroelectric properties,with higher dielectric constant enhanced remnant polarization(Pr) and lower leakage current at room temperature.Compared with a anti-ferromagnetic BiFeO3 compound,the 0.6(Bi0.9La0.1)FeO3-0.4SrTiO3 sample shows the optimal ferromagnetism with remnant magnetization M r ~ 0.135 emμ/g and ferroelectricity with Pr ~ 5.94 μC/cm 2 at room temperature.展开更多
Multiferroic NiFe2O4 (NFO)-BaTiO3 (BTO) bilayered thin films are epitaxially grown on (001) Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STO) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). Different growth sequences of NFO and BTO on the...Multiferroic NiFe2O4 (NFO)-BaTiO3 (BTO) bilayered thin films are epitaxially grown on (001) Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STO) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). Different growth sequences of NFO and BTO on the substrate yield two kinds of epitaxial heterostructures with (001)-orientation, i.e. (001)-NFO/(001)-BTO/substrate and (001)- BTO/(001)-NFO/substrate. Microstructure studies from x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopies show differences between these two heterostructures, which result in different multiferroic behaviours. The heterostructured composite films exhibit good coexistence of both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, in particular, obvious magnetoelectric (ME) effect on coupling response.展开更多
The magnetic and dielectric properties of Sr-substituted Zn2-Y hexagonal ferrites (Ba2-x SrxZn2Fe12O22, 1.0 〈 x ≤ 1.5) are studied in this paper. Sr substitution will lead to the variation of cation occupation, wh...The magnetic and dielectric properties of Sr-substituted Zn2-Y hexagonal ferrites (Ba2-x SrxZn2Fe12O22, 1.0 〈 x ≤ 1.5) are studied in this paper. Sr substitution will lead to the variation of cation occupation, which influences both the magnetic and electric properties. As Sr content x rises from 1.0 to 1.5, magnetic hysteresis loop gets wider gradually and the permeability drops rapidly due to the transformation from ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase. Moreover, permittivity rises with increasing Sr content. Under a certain external magnetic field, the phase transition of helical spin structure of Ba0.5Srl.5Zn2Fe12O22 at about 295 K seems to open a possibility for the room-temperature ferroelectricity induced by magnetic field. But its low resistivity prevents the observation of ferroelectric and magnetoelectric properties at room-temperature.展开更多
Multiferroic properties in a polycrystalline terbium orthoferrite are investigated. Different thermomagnetic behaviors are observed in different magnetic fields, which is attributed to the suppression of the low tempe...Multiferroic properties in a polycrystalline terbium orthoferrite are investigated. Different thermomagnetic behaviors are observed in different magnetic fields, which is attributed to the suppression of the low temperature magnetic phase by an external magnetic field. Further studies reveal that the ferroelectricity originates from the spin configuration below 3.5 K. In addition, the magnetic field control of electric polarization and dielectric constant is observed, which suggests a magnetoelectric effect in TbFeO3. The origin of ferroelectricity in this rare-earth orthoferrite is discussed.展开更多
Double perovskite manganite Y2MnCrO6 ceramic Novel multiferroic properties are displayed with respect is synthesized and its multiferroic properties are investigated. to other multiferroics, such as high ferroelectric...Double perovskite manganite Y2MnCrO6 ceramic Novel multiferroic properties are displayed with respect is synthesized and its multiferroic properties are investigated. to other multiferroics, such as high ferroelectric phase transi- tion temperature, and the coexistence of ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity. Moreover, the ferroelectric polarization of Y2MnCrO6 below the magnetic phase temperature can be effectively tuned by an external magnetic field, showing a re- markable magnetoelectric effect. These results open an effective avenue to explore magnetic multiferroics with spontaneous magnetization and ferroelectricity, as well as a high ferroelectric transition temperature.展开更多
The semi-quantum two-orbital exchange model is used to investigate the effect of small rare-earth ion substitution on orthorhombic RMnO 3 with A-type antiferromagnetic order,using the Monte Carlo algorithm,exact diago...The semi-quantum two-orbital exchange model is used to investigate the effect of small rare-earth ion substitution on orthorhombic RMnO 3 with A-type antiferromagnetic order,using the Monte Carlo algorithm,exact diagonalization,and zero-temperature optimization approaches.It is revealed that the substitution results in a rich multiferroic phase diagram where the coexisting A-type antiferromagnetic phase and spiral spin phase,pure spiral spin phase,coexisting spiral spin phase,the E-type antiferromagnetic phase,and the pure E-type antiferromagnetic phase emerge in sequence.The multiferroic phase transitions modulate substantially the electric polarization,which is consistent qualitatively with recent experiments.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)equations for multiferroic(MF)laminated plates with imperfect interfaces are established in this paper.The interface between two adjacent sublayers,which are not perfectly bonded together,is modeled...Two-dimensional(2D)equations for multiferroic(MF)laminated plates with imperfect interfaces are established in this paper.The interface between two adjacent sublayers,which are not perfectly bonded together,is modeled as a general spring-type layer.The mechanical displacements,and the electric and magnetic potentials of the two adjacent layers are assumed to be discontinuous at the interface.As an example,the influences of imperfect interfaces on the magnetoelectric(ME)coupling effects in an MF sandwich plate are investigated with the established 2D governing equations.Numerical results show that the imperfect interfaces have a significant impact on the ME coupling effects in MF laminated structures.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund Key Program(Grant No.U24A6002)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12304148)the Shanxi Natural Science Basic Research Program(Grant No.202203021222219)。
摘要The convergence of spintronics and multiferroics has enabled unprecedented control of charge and spin degrees of freedom,opening new avenues for multifunctional tunnel junctions.This review provides a systematic overview of multiferroic materials and their integration into tunnel junction devices.First,we categorize multiferroics into type-Ⅰ,type-Ⅱ,and heterostructures,discussing synthesis strategies,material design,and approaches for tuning ferroic properties and magnetoelectric coupling.Next,we examine tunnel junctions,including magnetic and ferroelectric types,and focus on multiferroic tunnel junctions(MFTJs),highlighting the mechanisms underlying tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)and tunneling electroresistance(TER),as well as the roles of interfacial engineering,electrode asymmetry,and multifield control.Special attention is given to emerging two-dimensional van der Waals MFTJs,which offer multi-level data storage,ultralow-power operation,and efficient spin filtering.Finally,we discuss challenges and future directions,emphasizing the importance of room-temperature,strongly coupled 2D multiferroics,scalable fabrication,and interface optimization for next-generation nonvolatile memory and multifunctional spintronic applications.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFA1611200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12474085 and 12574095)。
摘要Multiferroics,where multiple ferroic orders coexist and couple,have been one of the most active fields in condensed matter physics over the past two decades.In particular,the cross-control between magnetic and electric variables,i.e.,the magnetoelectric coupling effect,provides a unique advantage for developing low-consumption electronic devices.In recent years,the field has seen a fundamental expansion of its scope to include topological magnetoelectricity and twodimensional(2D)multiferroics.This review mainly focuses on the progress made in the last decade,covering new material exploration and emerging physical phenomena.It begins with an overview of linear magnetoelectricity,continues with detailed discussions of emerging topological magnetoelectricity and 2D multiferroics,and ends with an outlook on future developments for multiferroicity and magnetoelectric coupling.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Garnt No.2021YFA0716500)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M753738)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant Nos.JCYJ20210324123202008 and JCYJ20210324115412035)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Program of Guangdong Province(Grant Nos.2021A1515110880 and 2023A1515012752)。
摘要Enhancing the nonconservative force exerted on the ferromagnetic material is a key strategy for improving magnetoelastic coupling in multiferroic composites.Inspired by the mechanism of pulsed lasers injecting phonons directly into ferromagnetic materials,we propose a method to introduce and amplify phonons by constructing a“phonon channel”.Analyzing the magnon excitation spectrum reveals that magnetoelastic coupling is significantly enhanced with an increasing amplification coefficient Apof nonconservative force in the phonon channel.When the external magnetic field is parallel to the wave vector of the spin wave,the amplitude of magnons in the anti-crossing region exhibits left-right symmetry with respect to the crossing point.In contrast,when the magnetic field is perpendicular,the symmetry becomes up-down.Introducing a coupling layer into the multiferroic composites provides a viable approach to realizing the phonon channel.Taking a multiferroic composite structure consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride and yttrium iron garnet as an example,we compare the electrical and acoustic properties of multiferroic composites with and without a coupling layer in the microwave frequency band.The enhancement of electrical and acoustic properties confirms the effectiveness of the phonon channel in multiferroic composites.
摘要Two-dimensional(2D)multiferroic materials,characterized by the coexistence of multiple ferroic orders at atomic thicknesses governed by interlayer van der Waals(vdW)interactions,have garnered significant attention due to their exotic physical properties and potential for next-generation information storage,logic,and magnetoelectric spintronic applications,particularly in high-density memory and ultralow-power information processing.This review revisits the fundamental concepts of multiferroicity from symmetry and thermodynamic perspectives,classifies the dominant mechanisms responsible for generating multiferroics and their 2D extensions,and discusses specific material systems ranging from intrinsic to engineered multiferroics.The primary objective of this review is to provide a clear roadmap of the current landscape and offer perspectives on key challenges and opportunities in this rapidly developing field.
摘要Multiferroic materials,which integrate ferroelectric and magnetic orders through magnetoelectric (ME) coupling, enable electric-field control of magnetism.However, bulk multiferroics face limitations, including relatively small spontaneous polarization,weak ME coupling coefficients,and limited operational stability under ambient conditions due to oxygen-vacancy-induced leakage currents, which restrict their practical applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12564037,12364037,and 12374258)。
摘要Near-sensor computing technology shows high efficiency and intelligence,exhibiting significant promise in the post-Moore era.The light power density and wavelength are used as the stimulations to implement reconfigurable logic operations(AND,OR)in dual-band-response Bi0.5Na0.5Ti0.85Fe0.15O3multiferroic photodetectors,where the polarization-dependent photocurrents are the weighting factors.The p-d hybridization between the O atom and Fe dopants constructs the mixed band structure and carrier transport network.The in-sensor computing photodetectors showcase optical encryption communication of the English alphabet and Chinese characters by ASCII code.This research holds promise for the in-sensor computing paradigm,enabling complex tasks.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Nos.2026AAC030921 and 2025AAC030158)。
摘要Multiferroic composites hold great promise in electronic devices because of their exceptional magnetoelectric coupling effects,and multilayer core-shell nanofibers are considered as ideal carriers for achieving high-performance responses.However,existing theories often assume perfectly circular fiber cross-sections while neglecting the interfacial effects.This makes it difficult to accurately characterize the elliptical cross-sections and nanoscale interface properties commonly observed in practical fabrication.To address this issue,this study establishes a theoretical model for multilayer multiferroic nanofiber composites.The model simultaneously accounts for both the fiber shape and interfacial effects.Using the generalized self-consistency method and complex function approach,this work further derives analytical solutions for the effective magneto-electric-elastic(MEE)moduli.Based on this model,the study systematically investigates the influence of the coated fiber shape,fiber size,coated fiber volume fraction,and inner-to-outer coating thickness ratio on the composite's effective MEE moduli.The findings reveal the synergistic mechanism,by which the elliptical fiber shape and multiple interfacial effects regulate the magnetoelectric anisotropy,thereby providing crucial theoretical guidance for designing the structure of high-performance multiferroic nanocomposites and optimizing their performance.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1202200)。
摘要Van der Waals(vdW)multiferroic heterostructures,formed by stacking two-dimensional(2D)ferroelectric and magnetic materials,have emerged as a highly promising platform for next-generation electronic devices.The atomically sharp,dangling-bond-free interfaces of these heterostructures,combined with unprecedented design freedom unrestricted by lattice-matching constraints,provide an ideal playground for exploring novel magnetoelectric phenomena.This review systematically surveys the fundamental progress,challenges,and future applications in this rapidly advancing field.We begin by examining the three key interfacial magnetoelectric coupling mechanisms that have been theoretically proposed:polarization-gated interfacial charge transfer,interfacial orbital hybridization,and polarization-modulated interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction(DMI).Subsequently,we bridge theory and practice by reviewing pivotal experimental demonstrations,from initial proof-of-concept work in hybrid-dimensional systems and intrinsic-mechanism explorations in low-temperature all-vdW systems to the landmark breakthrough of non-volatile electrical control of magnetism at room temperature.Building on this physical foundation,we highlight the immense potential of this field for future device applications,focusing on three promising paradigms,including ultra-low-power memory and logic,brain-inspired neuromorphic computing,and topological spintronics based on the electrical manipulation of skyrmions.Finally,we conclude by summarizing current research bottlenecks and outlining key future directions to transition this promising field from fundamental research to tangible technology.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFB3505301)the National Key R&D Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202302050201014)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12304148)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202203021222219)。
摘要Multiferroic tunnel junctions(MFTJs),which combine tunneling magnetoresistance(TMR)and electroresistance(TER)efects,have emerged as key candidates for data storage.Two-dimensional van der Waals(vdW)MFTJs,in particular,are promising spintronic devices for the post-Moore era.However,these vdW MFTJs are typically based on multiferroics composed of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric materials or multilayer magnetic materials with sliding ferroelectricity,which increases device fabrication complexity.In this work,we design a vdW MFTJ using bilayer MoPtGe2S6,a material with homologous multiferroicity in each monolayer,combined with symmetric PtTe2electrodes.Using frst-principles calculations based on density functional theory and nonequilibrium Green's functions,we theoretically explore the spin-polarized electronic transport properties of this MFTJ.By controlling the ferroelectric and ferromagnetic polarization directions of bilayer MoPtGe2S6,the MFTJ can exhibit six distinct non-volatile resistance states,with maximum TMR(137%)and TER(1943%)ratios.Under biaxial strain,TMR and TER can increase to 265%and 4210%,respectively.The TER ratio also increases to 2186%under a 0.1 V bias voltage.Remarkably,the MFTJ exhibits a pronounced spin-fltering and a signifcant negative diferential resistance efect.These fndings not only highlight the potential of monolayer multiferroic MoPtGe2S6for MFTJs but also ofer valuable theoretical insights for future experimental investigations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12272269,11972257,and 11472193)the Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Researchthe Shanghai Gaofeng Project for University Academic Program Development。
摘要The adhesion enhancing effect induced by electro-magnetic loading and the adhesion weakening effect resulting from interfacial shear stress have been observed and widely reported in open literature.However,the adhesion behavior of multiferroic composites in the simultaneous presence of these two effects and the competitive mechanism between them are still unclear.In this paper,the non-slipping adhesive contact problem between a multiferroic half-space and a perfectly conducting rigid cylinder subject to multi-field loading is studied.The stated problem is reduced to a system of coupled singular integral equations,which are analytically solved with the analytical function theory.The closed-form solutions of the generalized stress fields including the contact stress,normal electric displacement,and magnetic induction are obtained.The stable equilibrium state of the adhesion system is determined with the Griffith energy balance criterion.The adhesion behavior subject to mechanical-electro-magnetic loading and a mismatch strain is discussed in detail.Numerical results indicate that exerting electro-magnetic loading can enhance the adhesion effect for both two types of multiferroic composites,namely,κ-class(non-oscillatory singularity)andε-class,which is different from the case of piezoelectric materials.It is found that the contact size finally decreases in the simultaneous presence of the electro-magnetic enhancing and shear-stress weakening effects.The results derived from this work not only are helpful to understand the contact behavior of multiferroic composites at microano scale,but also have potential application value in achieving switchable adhesion.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12102085)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(2023M730504)+2 种基金the Sichuan Province Regional Innovation and Cooperation Project(2024YFHZ0210)supported by the European Union-NextGenerationEU through the Italian Ministry of University and Research under the following programs:(NM)PRIN2022(Projects of Relevant National Interest)grant no.2022SJ8HTC-Electroactive Gripper for Micro-Object Manipulation(ELFIN)(NM)PRIN2022 PNRR(Projects of Relevant National Interest)grant no.P2022MAZHX-Tribological Modeling for Sustainable Design of Industrial Frictional Interfaces(TRIBOSCORE).
摘要This paper investigates the frictional adhesive contact of a rigid,electrically/magnetically conductive spherical indenter sliding past a multiferroic coating deposed onto a rigid substrate,based on the hybrid element method.The adhesion behavior is described based on the Maugis-Dugdale model.The adhesion-driven conjugate gradient method is employed to calculate the distribution of unknown pressures,while the discrete convolution-fast Fourier transform is utilized to compute the deformations,surface electric and magnetic potentials as well as the subsurface stresses,electric displacements,and magnetic inductions.The goal of this study is to investigate the influences of adhesion parameter,friction coefficient,coating thickness,and surface electric and magnetic charge densities on contact behaviors,such as contact area and pressures,electric and magnetic potentials,and subsurface stresses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12074213,11574108,and 12104253)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1403103)+2 种基金the Major Basic Program of the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2021ZD01)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Provincial(Grant No.ZR2023MA082)the Project of Introduction and Cultivation for Young Innovative Talents in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province。
摘要Ferromagnetic materials play an important role in memory materials,but conventional control methods are often limited by issues such as high power consumption and volatility.Multiferroic heterostructures provide a promising alternative to achieve low power consumption and nonvolatile electric control of magnetic properties.In this paper,a two-dimensional multiferroic van der Waals heterostructure OsCl2/Sc2CO2,which is composed of ferromagnetic monolayer OsCl2and ferroelectric monolayer Sc2CO2,is studied by first-principles density functional theory.The results show that by reversing the direction of the electric polarization of Sc2CO2,OsCl2can be transformed from a semiconductor to a half-metal,demonstrating a nonvolatile electrical manipulation of the heterostructure through ferroelectric polarization.The underlying physical mechanism is explained by band alignments and charge density differences.Furthermore,based on the heterostructure,we construct a multiferroic tunnel junction with a tunnel electroresistance ratio of 3.38×1014%and a tunnel magnetoresistance ratio of 5.04×106%,allowing control of conduction states via instantaneous electric or magnetic fields.The findings provide a feasible strategy for designing advanced nanodevices based on the giant tunnel electroresistance and tunnel magnetoresistance effects.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2021YFA1400303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 12227806)。
摘要We have investigated the magnetic, dielectric, pyroelectric, and thermal expansion properties of a layered perovskite metal–organic framework, [NH4Cl]2[Ni(HCOO)2(NH3)2]. The material undergoes three phase transitions including a canted antiferromagnetic transition at ~36 K, and two successive structural transitions around 100 K and 110 K, respectively. The temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity and pyroelectric current suggests that the structural transitions induce weak ferroelectricity along the c-axis and antiferroelectricity in the ab plane. A negative thermal expansion along the c-axis is observed between two structural phase transitions, which is ascribed to the abnormal shrinkage of interlayer hydrogen bonding length. Moreover, the ferroelectric/antiferroelectric phase transition temperature shifts towards a higher temperature under a magnetic field, suggesting certain magnetoelectric coupling in the paramagnetic phase. Our study suggests that the layered metal–organic frameworks provide a unique playground for exploring exotic physical properties such as multiferroicity and abnormal thermal expansion.
基金Project supported by the Science Foundation from the Ministry of Education,China (Grant Nos. 20090142120069 and 309020)the Special Scientific Foundation from the Chinese Central University (Grant No. 20102D006)
摘要The 0.6(Bi1-xLax)FeO 3-0.4SrTiO 3(x = 0,0.1) multiferroic ceramics are prepared by a modified Pechini method to study the effect of substitution of SrTiO3 and La in BiFeO3.The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the single phase characteristics of all the compositions each with a rhombohedral structure.The magnetic properties of the ceramics are significantly improved by a solid solution with SrTiO3 and substitution of La.The values of the dielectric constant ε r and loss tangent tan δ of all the samples decrease with increasing frequency and become constant at room temperature.The La-doped 0.6BiFeO3-0.4SrTiO3 ceramics exhibit improved dielectric and ferroelectric properties,with higher dielectric constant enhanced remnant polarization(Pr) and lower leakage current at room temperature.Compared with a anti-ferromagnetic BiFeO3 compound,the 0.6(Bi0.9La0.1)FeO3-0.4SrTiO3 sample shows the optimal ferromagnetism with remnant magnetization M r ~ 0.135 emμ/g and ferroelectricity with Pr ~ 5.94 μC/cm 2 at room temperature.
基金Project supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No 2002CB613303)the National High Technology Research and Development Program for Advanced Materials of China (Grant No 2006AA03Z101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10574078 and 50621201)
摘要Multiferroic NiFe2O4 (NFO)-BaTiO3 (BTO) bilayered thin films are epitaxially grown on (001) Nb-doped SrTiO3 (STO) substrates by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD). Different growth sequences of NFO and BTO on the substrate yield two kinds of epitaxial heterostructures with (001)-orientation, i.e. (001)-NFO/(001)-BTO/substrate and (001)- BTO/(001)-NFO/substrate. Microstructure studies from x-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron microscopies show differences between these two heterostructures, which result in different multiferroic behaviours. The heterostructured composite films exhibit good coexistence of both ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties, in particular, obvious magnetoelectric (ME) effect on coupling response.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 50702005)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education (Grant No 20070008027)the Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No SYS100080419)
摘要The magnetic and dielectric properties of Sr-substituted Zn2-Y hexagonal ferrites (Ba2-x SrxZn2Fe12O22, 1.0 〈 x ≤ 1.5) are studied in this paper. Sr substitution will lead to the variation of cation occupation, which influences both the magnetic and electric properties. As Sr content x rises from 1.0 to 1.5, magnetic hysteresis loop gets wider gradually and the permeability drops rapidly due to the transformation from ferrimagnetic to antiferromagnetic phase. Moreover, permittivity rises with increasing Sr content. Under a certain external magnetic field, the phase transition of helical spin structure of Ba0.5Srl.5Zn2Fe12O22 at about 295 K seems to open a possibility for the room-temperature ferroelectricity induced by magnetic field. But its low resistivity prevents the observation of ferroelectric and magnetoelectric properties at room-temperature.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB932304 and 2014AA032904)the National Natural ScienceFoundation of China(Grant Nos.11174130 and U1232210)
摘要Multiferroic properties in a polycrystalline terbium orthoferrite are investigated. Different thermomagnetic behaviors are observed in different magnetic fields, which is attributed to the suppression of the low temperature magnetic phase by an external magnetic field. Further studies reveal that the ferroelectricity originates from the spin configuration below 3.5 K. In addition, the magnetic field control of electric polarization and dielectric constant is observed, which suggests a magnetoelectric effect in TbFeO3. The origin of ferroelectricity in this rare-earth orthoferrite is discussed.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB929501)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2014AA032904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11174130 and U1232210)
摘要Double perovskite manganite Y2MnCrO6 ceramic Novel multiferroic properties are displayed with respect is synthesized and its multiferroic properties are investigated. to other multiferroics, such as high ferroelectric phase transi- tion temperature, and the coexistence of ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity. Moreover, the ferroelectric polarization of Y2MnCrO6 below the magnetic phase temperature can be effectively tuned by an external magnetic field, showing a re- markable magnetoelectric effect. These results open an effective avenue to explore magnetic multiferroics with spontaneous magnetization and ferroelectricity, as well as a high ferroelectric transition temperature.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51031004,11004027,and 11074113)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2011CB922101 and 2009CB929501)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Provincial Higher Education Institutions,China
摘要The semi-quantum two-orbital exchange model is used to investigate the effect of small rare-earth ion substitution on orthorhombic RMnO 3 with A-type antiferromagnetic order,using the Monte Carlo algorithm,exact diagonalization,and zero-temperature optimization approaches.It is revealed that the substitution results in a rich multiferroic phase diagram where the coexisting A-type antiferromagnetic phase and spiral spin phase,pure spiral spin phase,coexisting spiral spin phase,the E-type antiferromagnetic phase,and the pure E-type antiferromagnetic phase emerge in sequence.The multiferroic phase transitions modulate substantially the electric polarization,which is consistent qualitatively with recent experiments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11672265,11202182,11272281,11621062,and 11321202)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2016QNA4026 and 2016XZZX001-05)the open foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Top Key Discipline of Mechanical Engineering
摘要Two-dimensional(2D)equations for multiferroic(MF)laminated plates with imperfect interfaces are established in this paper.The interface between two adjacent sublayers,which are not perfectly bonded together,is modeled as a general spring-type layer.The mechanical displacements,and the electric and magnetic potentials of the two adjacent layers are assumed to be discontinuous at the interface.As an example,the influences of imperfect interfaces on the magnetoelectric(ME)coupling effects in an MF sandwich plate are investigated with the established 2D governing equations.Numerical results show that the imperfect interfaces have a significant impact on the ME coupling effects in MF laminated structures.