This paper examines the apparent restriction against passive event nominalizations in Arabic,with a focus on Form VII templates(nC1aC2aC3).While Form VII verbs in the verbal domain allow both unaccusative and...This paper examines the apparent restriction against passive event nominalizations in Arabic,with a focus on Form VII templates(nC1aC2aC3).While Form VII verbs in the verbal domain allow both unaccusative and passive interpretations,only unaccusative readings are available under nominalization.The author argues that this asymmetry follows from a mismatch between the argument structure of Passive Voice and the semantic requirements of nominalization.Building on work in Distributed Morphology,he proposes that the nominalizing head n selects a VoiceP complement that must denote a saturated predicate of events.Passive Voice,however,introduces an external argument variable that requires semantic closure.The author argues that this closure is provided by a higher functional projection,which is neither syntactically available nor semantically interpretable in nominalizations.As a result,passive nominalizations lead to a type mismatch and are blocked.展开更多
Nominalization,as the main means of reaching grammatical metaphor,is one of the distinctive features of written corpora and plays an important role in the discourse construction of news discourse.Based on the theory o...Nominalization,as the main means of reaching grammatical metaphor,is one of the distinctive features of written corpora and plays an important role in the discourse construction of news discourse.Based on the theory of grammatical metaphor,this article discusses the phenomenon of nominalization and its translation strategies in news discourse by analyzing translation examples.It is found that nominalization structure can effectively enhance the informativeness and objectivity of news discourse.When translating from Chinese to English,the translator should take into full consideration of the different characteristics of the two languages,and convert the predicates,subject-predicate structures,verb-object structures and clauses into nominalization structures.Through this translation strategy,the translation will be more in line with the English language characteristics and usage habits,and can accurately convey the information of the original text,finally realizing the effective translation of the language.展开更多
Technical English is characterized by a high degree of specialization. The prevalent use of nominalization enhances the objectivity and rigor of the text by reducing reliance on subject-predicate structures, thereby a...Technical English is characterized by a high degree of specialization. The prevalent use of nominalization enhances the objectivity and rigor of the text by reducing reliance on subject-predicate structures, thereby achieving greater conciseness, objectivity, and precision. This paper will explore the nominalization strategies in the English translation of scientific and technical texts at both the lexical and the syntactic levels.展开更多
It is noticeable that the academic papers written by Chinese English learners are lacking in academic features largely due to their poor ability to use nominalization.Therefore,the instruction of nominalization in an ...It is noticeable that the academic papers written by Chinese English learners are lacking in academic features largely due to their poor ability to use nominalization.Therefore,the instruction of nominalization in an academic English writing course is badly needed.The author conducted onesemester-long instruction of nominalization to 90 non-English majors under the guidance of the production-oriented approach(POA).This research demonstrated how to apply POA,specifically,the enabling procedure to the teaching of nominalization.By triangulating the data of students’interviews,learning journals and written output,and the data of 4 teachers’class observations and interviews,this study found that the accurate application of the three criteria of effective enabling contributed to the improvement of the quantity and quality of nominalization in academic writing.展开更多
In consideration of the confused debates about the value of nominalization, this paper tries to explore the original generation of nominalization and analyze its use in poetry. This paper attempts to explore the gener...In consideration of the confused debates about the value of nominalization, this paper tries to explore the original generation of nominalization and analyze its use in poetry. This paper attempts to explore the generation of nominalization from a comprehensive point of view, to distinguish between "primary nominalization" and "ideological nominalization", to trace the root of primary nominalization, and to analyze the use of primary nominalization in poetry. Based on these analyses, this paper points out that primary nominalization in poetry is more consonant with the Green grammar, with the undivided, holistic ecological worldview and has ecological significance. However, the ideological nominalization in some other nonliterary formal style is an obstacle to the solution to environment problem, and so we should understand the function of nominalization with its contexts and pay more attention to poetic language.展开更多
As an important feature of written language, nominalization is frequently used in formal texts. Using the approach of systemic functional grammar, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the three metafunctions of n...As an important feature of written language, nominalization is frequently used in formal texts. Using the approach of systemic functional grammar, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the three metafunctions of nominalization, which entails the positive and negative stylistic effects. The paper also discusses the relationship between form, function and stylistic features.展开更多
Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of ...Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.展开更多
Cognitive grammar does not differentiate nominalizations belonging to the syntax or in the lexicon.From the perspective of cognitive construal,nominalizations of verbs and adjectives involvethe alternate profiling of ...Cognitive grammar does not differentiate nominalizations belonging to the syntax or in the lexicon.From the perspective of cognitive construal,nominalizations of verbs and adjectives involvethe alternate profiling of certain aspects of relationships while the nominalizations of structures and sentences are motivated by the conceptual packaging of events as entities on a larger scale.A new notion,ontologicalization,is introduced into the study as the cognitive mechanism underlying nominalizations on all levels.It is shown that nominalizations are not only pervasive but also theoretically significant in Mandarin,ranging from lexis to sentences.Nominalizations may take two different forms:affix-derivation and zero-derivation.de(的)is an important nominalizer in Mandarin in that it functions as a suffix as well as an infix with words,structures and sentences.展开更多
English majors in China currently encounter numerous challenges when it comes to academic writing,primarily because of the limitations imposed by the differences in English and Chinese thought processes as well as the...English majors in China currently encounter numerous challenges when it comes to academic writing,primarily because of the limitations imposed by the differences in English and Chinese thought processes as well as their limited proficiency with the English language.This study,which begins with the theory of grammatical metaphor of Nominalization,discovers that Nominalization serves a variety of purposes in the construction of discourse,including improving the rigor of the introduction,logical coherence,and the discourse’s objectivity and fairness,all of which are demanded by academic writing.Based on this,this study puts forward the idea that EFL students should strengthen their learning of Nominalization and improve their ability to use Nominalization,which will help them develop their English academic writing ability.The study also gives implementation strategies in terms of both enhanced input and effective output.展开更多
Nominalization is one of the grammatical features introduced by Halliday and his colleagues in SFL (Systemic Functional Linguistics) theory. It helps create a style of writing with density, complexity, and abstract....Nominalization is one of the grammatical features introduced by Halliday and his colleagues in SFL (Systemic Functional Linguistics) theory. It helps create a style of writing with density, complexity, and abstract. For English learners, it is crucial to develop nominalization awareness in their writing. This paper first examines the main features ofnominalization in English; it then contrasts the writing style differences before and after the students were taught the features of nominalization and discusses problems found in teaching of nominalization. It finally provides some pedagogical implications for teaching writing to Chinese learners of English.展开更多
Nominalization refers to the process of producing a noun from another part of speech or the derivation of a noun phrase from an underlying clause.In order to fulfill the specific analysis of nominalization in business...Nominalization refers to the process of producing a noun from another part of speech or the derivation of a noun phrase from an underlying clause.In order to fulfill the specific analysis of nominalization in business English contract,a corpus has been created with typical contracts.Based on a self-built business contract corpus,aspects of English nominalization,including its frequency of use,meaning selection and discourse position and function,have been examined.This study has found that nominalization is one of the most important characteristics of business contracts,and English nominalization can function mainly to improve the conciseness,formality,objectivity,and cohesiveness of the discourse.Meanwhile,the different characteristics of nominalization require different translation strategies and methods.The findings of this study may have implications for the business English teaching and translation.展开更多
It is generally recognized that nominalization, the use of a word which is not a noun as a noun, functions as a natural section of language, among which adjective nominalization serves as a requisite. This phenomenon ...It is generally recognized that nominalization, the use of a word which is not a noun as a noun, functions as a natural section of language, among which adjective nominalization serves as a requisite. This phenomenon can be frequently found in both Chinese and English. This paper comparatively studies adjective nominalization in the two languages, and discovers that the phenomenon in two languages shares similarities in syntactic functions, but differs in terms of the composition pattern in that formation in English is more various than Chinese, that is, in English it can be achieved either with or without the assistance of suffixes, yet that in Chinese is realized merely through zero suffixes.展开更多
Chinese medicine has not only made great contribution to the Chinese culture,but also generated positive influences on the world civilization.With China’s entry into WTO,Chinese medicine has been paid great attention...Chinese medicine has not only made great contribution to the Chinese culture,but also generated positive influences on the world civilization.With China’s entry into WTO,Chinese medicine has been paid great attention.Nevertheless,the nature of the Chinese medicine language makes its translation very hard,particularly it is very difficult to deal with the phenomenon of nominalization when translating Chinese medicine into English.This paper explores how and why there are nominalizations in the English translation of Chinese medicine.展开更多
Nominalization is a prevalent linguistic phenomenon in English, especially in written English, which tends to be characterized by objective, precise and solemn style. Based on Halliday's Systemic-functional Gramma...Nominalization is a prevalent linguistic phenomenon in English, especially in written English, which tends to be characterized by objective, precise and solemn style. Based on Halliday's Systemic-functional Grammar Theory, here makes an analysis on nominalization and its three major functions in English news discourses.展开更多
This study examines the linguistic strategies used in Sino-U.S.news reports on the 2020 closure of the Chinese Consulate in Houston to construct verbal attacks and criticisms within political discourse.Drawing on a co...This study examines the linguistic strategies used in Sino-U.S.news reports on the 2020 closure of the Chinese Consulate in Houston to construct verbal attacks and criticisms within political discourse.Drawing on a corpus of 18 articles from China Daily and The New York Times,we analyze how passivization and nominalization are employed as indirect strategies to attribute blame and challenge the legitimacy of the opposing nation’s actions.The research findings reveal that both media outlets use these linguistic features to obscure the agent of actions,yet with distinct rhetorical goals:China Daily uses them to criticize the U.S.for its“unjustified provocation”,while The New York Times uses them to justify the U.S.response to alleged Chinese“espionage activities”.This article argues that these linguistic strategies are not neutral but serve as powerful media for conducting verbal attacks in a globally interconnected political landscape,where direct confrontation is often avoided in favor of more subtle discursive practices.展开更多
The paper focuses on the use of nominalizations in English compositions of Chinese EFL learners in college. From the research, we conclude that the cognitive capability of the students and the interference of their mo...The paper focuses on the use of nominalizations in English compositions of Chinese EFL learners in college. From the research, we conclude that the cognitive capability of the students and the interference of their mother tongue are mutually responsible for the low use of nominalizations. In addition, the use of nominalization mainly reveals the learner's cognitive competence. Our suggestion on the teaching of nominalization, as well as English writing has been incorporated.展开更多
Full employment and economic growth are the two core objectives of macroeconomic regulation.While economic growth typically drives job creation,its employment elasticity tends to decline as the level of economic devel...Full employment and economic growth are the two core objectives of macroeconomic regulation.While economic growth typically drives job creation,its employment elasticity tends to decline as the level of economic development rises and industrial structures upgrade.International experience reveals that prioritizing growth versus employment stabilization leads to distinct policy paths and outcomes;indeed,several economies experienced jobless recoveries following the global financial crisis.Meanwhile,international explorations of new policy instruments such as nominal GDP targeting offer new perspectives on balancing economic growth with employment improvements.Currently,China’s sources of job creation are becoming increasingly diversified,and the platform economy is developing rapidly.Against the backdrop of insufficient domestic demand and the disruptive shocks of artificial intelligence,there is an urgent need to enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation.To this end,China should strengthen macroeconomic policy synergy,adhere to an employment-first principle,and bolster demand-side management to expand domestic demand.Furthermore,it is essential to align industrial progress with job creation through“tech-for-good”initiatives,improve the coordination mechanism between fiscal,monetary,and industrial policies,and provide a solid safety net for key target groups to achieve high-quality full employment.展开更多
Dear Editor,H∞This letter develops a new framework for the robust stability and performance conditions as well as the relevant controller synthesis with respect to uncertain robot manipulators.There often exist mo...Dear Editor,H∞This letter develops a new framework for the robust stability and performance conditions as well as the relevant controller synthesis with respect to uncertain robot manipulators.There often exist model uncertainties between the nominal model and the real robot manipulator and disturbances. Hence, dealing with their effects plays a crucial role in leading to high tracking performances, as discussed in [1]–[5].展开更多
English gerund construction is a system composed of 3 variants, including "Gerund + Φ", "Gerund + of + NP", and "Gerund + NP". The noun and verb attributes of the 3 variants are recursiv...English gerund construction is a system composed of 3 variants, including "Gerund + Φ", "Gerund + of + NP", and "Gerund + NP". The noun and verb attributes of the 3 variants are recursive, and in theory their frequencies vary regularly in different styles. An abstract is placed before the beginning of an academic papers, which has the basic characteristics of conciseness and generalization, and has special requirements for the use of gerunds. The purpose of this study was to empirically explore the system of gerund construction in abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and to specifically explore the inherent characteristics of noun and verb properties of the 3 variants. For this purpose, two corpora were constructed, one is about abstracts of natural science papers, and the other is about abstracts of social science papers. Finally, the results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 3 variants in the abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and the two corpora can be studied as a whole. In the combined corpus, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the 3 gerund variants. The frequencies of these 3 variants and their gerund properties showed a recursive change.展开更多
摘要This paper examines the apparent restriction against passive event nominalizations in Arabic,with a focus on Form VII templates(nC1aC2aC3).While Form VII verbs in the verbal domain allow both unaccusative and passive interpretations,only unaccusative readings are available under nominalization.The author argues that this asymmetry follows from a mismatch between the argument structure of Passive Voice and the semantic requirements of nominalization.Building on work in Distributed Morphology,he proposes that the nominalizing head n selects a VoiceP complement that must denote a saturated predicate of events.Passive Voice,however,introduces an external argument variable that requires semantic closure.The author argues that this closure is provided by a higher functional projection,which is neither syntactically available nor semantically interpretable in nominalizations.As a result,passive nominalizations lead to a type mismatch and are blocked.
摘要Nominalization,as the main means of reaching grammatical metaphor,is one of the distinctive features of written corpora and plays an important role in the discourse construction of news discourse.Based on the theory of grammatical metaphor,this article discusses the phenomenon of nominalization and its translation strategies in news discourse by analyzing translation examples.It is found that nominalization structure can effectively enhance the informativeness and objectivity of news discourse.When translating from Chinese to English,the translator should take into full consideration of the different characteristics of the two languages,and convert the predicates,subject-predicate structures,verb-object structures and clauses into nominalization structures.Through this translation strategy,the translation will be more in line with the English language characteristics and usage habits,and can accurately convey the information of the original text,finally realizing the effective translation of the language.
摘要Technical English is characterized by a high degree of specialization. The prevalent use of nominalization enhances the objectivity and rigor of the text by reducing reliance on subject-predicate structures, thereby achieving greater conciseness, objectivity, and precision. This paper will explore the nominalization strategies in the English translation of scientific and technical texts at both the lexical and the syntactic levels.
摘要It is noticeable that the academic papers written by Chinese English learners are lacking in academic features largely due to their poor ability to use nominalization.Therefore,the instruction of nominalization in an academic English writing course is badly needed.The author conducted onesemester-long instruction of nominalization to 90 non-English majors under the guidance of the production-oriented approach(POA).This research demonstrated how to apply POA,specifically,the enabling procedure to the teaching of nominalization.By triangulating the data of students’interviews,learning journals and written output,and the data of 4 teachers’class observations and interviews,this study found that the accurate application of the three criteria of effective enabling contributed to the improvement of the quantity and quality of nominalization in academic writing.
摘要In consideration of the confused debates about the value of nominalization, this paper tries to explore the original generation of nominalization and analyze its use in poetry. This paper attempts to explore the generation of nominalization from a comprehensive point of view, to distinguish between "primary nominalization" and "ideological nominalization", to trace the root of primary nominalization, and to analyze the use of primary nominalization in poetry. Based on these analyses, this paper points out that primary nominalization in poetry is more consonant with the Green grammar, with the undivided, holistic ecological worldview and has ecological significance. However, the ideological nominalization in some other nonliterary formal style is an obstacle to the solution to environment problem, and so we should understand the function of nominalization with its contexts and pay more attention to poetic language.
摘要As an important feature of written language, nominalization is frequently used in formal texts. Using the approach of systemic functional grammar, the paper presents a detailed analysis of the three metafunctions of nominalization, which entails the positive and negative stylistic effects. The paper also discusses the relationship between form, function and stylistic features.
摘要Researchers around the world strive to communicate new knowledge,primarily via publication,with the abstract being crucial in conveying core insights.Previous research has generally analyzed the discourse features of abstracts from a macro perspective and often employed either outdated texts,such as those over a decade old,or papers written by authors with lower English academic writing proficiency as research material.In this study,we analyzed forty abstracts from leading journals in applied linguistics,evenly split between Chinese and international journals.It revealed that the use of nominalization in abstracts by Chinese and international scholars showed similarities due to the universal academic requirement for conciseness.However,due to cultural and educational differences,each group differed in their respective language choices and nominalization usage.By analyzing the application of nominalization in different cultural contexts,the results of our study offered practical suggestions for crafting abstracts that effectively convey information,thereby,contributing to the broader academic community.
摘要Cognitive grammar does not differentiate nominalizations belonging to the syntax or in the lexicon.From the perspective of cognitive construal,nominalizations of verbs and adjectives involvethe alternate profiling of certain aspects of relationships while the nominalizations of structures and sentences are motivated by the conceptual packaging of events as entities on a larger scale.A new notion,ontologicalization,is introduced into the study as the cognitive mechanism underlying nominalizations on all levels.It is shown that nominalizations are not only pervasive but also theoretically significant in Mandarin,ranging from lexis to sentences.Nominalizations may take two different forms:affix-derivation and zero-derivation.de(的)is an important nominalizer in Mandarin in that it functions as a suffix as well as an infix with words,structures and sentences.
摘要English majors in China currently encounter numerous challenges when it comes to academic writing,primarily because of the limitations imposed by the differences in English and Chinese thought processes as well as their limited proficiency with the English language.This study,which begins with the theory of grammatical metaphor of Nominalization,discovers that Nominalization serves a variety of purposes in the construction of discourse,including improving the rigor of the introduction,logical coherence,and the discourse’s objectivity and fairness,all of which are demanded by academic writing.Based on this,this study puts forward the idea that EFL students should strengthen their learning of Nominalization and improve their ability to use Nominalization,which will help them develop their English academic writing ability.The study also gives implementation strategies in terms of both enhanced input and effective output.
摘要Nominalization is one of the grammatical features introduced by Halliday and his colleagues in SFL (Systemic Functional Linguistics) theory. It helps create a style of writing with density, complexity, and abstract. For English learners, it is crucial to develop nominalization awareness in their writing. This paper first examines the main features ofnominalization in English; it then contrasts the writing style differences before and after the students were taught the features of nominalization and discusses problems found in teaching of nominalization. It finally provides some pedagogical implications for teaching writing to Chinese learners of English.
基金This research was supported by Project of National Foundation for Philosophy and Social Science(19BYY138).
摘要Nominalization refers to the process of producing a noun from another part of speech or the derivation of a noun phrase from an underlying clause.In order to fulfill the specific analysis of nominalization in business English contract,a corpus has been created with typical contracts.Based on a self-built business contract corpus,aspects of English nominalization,including its frequency of use,meaning selection and discourse position and function,have been examined.This study has found that nominalization is one of the most important characteristics of business contracts,and English nominalization can function mainly to improve the conciseness,formality,objectivity,and cohesiveness of the discourse.Meanwhile,the different characteristics of nominalization require different translation strategies and methods.The findings of this study may have implications for the business English teaching and translation.
摘要It is generally recognized that nominalization, the use of a word which is not a noun as a noun, functions as a natural section of language, among which adjective nominalization serves as a requisite. This phenomenon can be frequently found in both Chinese and English. This paper comparatively studies adjective nominalization in the two languages, and discovers that the phenomenon in two languages shares similarities in syntactic functions, but differs in terms of the composition pattern in that formation in English is more various than Chinese, that is, in English it can be achieved either with or without the assistance of suffixes, yet that in Chinese is realized merely through zero suffixes.
摘要Chinese medicine has not only made great contribution to the Chinese culture,but also generated positive influences on the world civilization.With China’s entry into WTO,Chinese medicine has been paid great attention.Nevertheless,the nature of the Chinese medicine language makes its translation very hard,particularly it is very difficult to deal with the phenomenon of nominalization when translating Chinese medicine into English.This paper explores how and why there are nominalizations in the English translation of Chinese medicine.
摘要Nominalization is a prevalent linguistic phenomenon in English, especially in written English, which tends to be characterized by objective, precise and solemn style. Based on Halliday's Systemic-functional Grammar Theory, here makes an analysis on nominalization and its three major functions in English news discourses.
基金The 2022 Hunan Provincial Social Science Fund Project“Interpersonal Pragmatic Study of English Stance Adverbs”(22YBA233),which is presided over by Yang Xiaojun from Guangzhou Institute of Science and TechnologyThe“14th Five-Year Plan”Higher Education Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Higher Education Association(24GYB88),which is presided over by Yang Xiaojun from Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology+2 种基金The 2025 National-Level Cultivation Project of Guangzhou Institute of Technology(2025gjp002),which is presided over by Yang Xiaojun from Guangzhou Institute of Science and TechnologyThe 2025 Guangdong Provincial Education Science Planning Project(Higher Education Special Fund)Research on the Construction of New Vocational Competence Model Driven by Artificial Intelligence and the Practice of Business English Talent Training(2025GXJK0661),which is presided over by Wang Jue from Guangzhou Institute of Science and TechnologyThe Guangdong Provincial Project(2023SZL02)“Basic Translation Course Teaching and Research Section”,which is presided over by Shen Dan from Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology.
摘要This study examines the linguistic strategies used in Sino-U.S.news reports on the 2020 closure of the Chinese Consulate in Houston to construct verbal attacks and criticisms within political discourse.Drawing on a corpus of 18 articles from China Daily and The New York Times,we analyze how passivization and nominalization are employed as indirect strategies to attribute blame and challenge the legitimacy of the opposing nation’s actions.The research findings reveal that both media outlets use these linguistic features to obscure the agent of actions,yet with distinct rhetorical goals:China Daily uses them to criticize the U.S.for its“unjustified provocation”,while The New York Times uses them to justify the U.S.response to alleged Chinese“espionage activities”.This article argues that these linguistic strategies are not neutral but serve as powerful media for conducting verbal attacks in a globally interconnected political landscape,where direct confrontation is often avoided in favor of more subtle discursive practices.
摘要The paper focuses on the use of nominalizations in English compositions of Chinese EFL learners in college. From the research, we conclude that the cognitive capability of the students and the interference of their mother tongue are mutually responsible for the low use of nominalizations. In addition, the use of nominalization mainly reveals the learner's cognitive competence. Our suggestion on the teaching of nominalization, as well as English writing has been incorporated.
基金supported by the Special Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)“Uniqueness,Economic Impact,and Policy Research of China’s Demographic Transition”(Grant No.72141310).
摘要Full employment and economic growth are the two core objectives of macroeconomic regulation.While economic growth typically drives job creation,its employment elasticity tends to decline as the level of economic development rises and industrial structures upgrade.International experience reveals that prioritizing growth versus employment stabilization leads to distinct policy paths and outcomes;indeed,several economies experienced jobless recoveries following the global financial crisis.Meanwhile,international explorations of new policy instruments such as nominal GDP targeting offer new perspectives on balancing economic growth with employment improvements.Currently,China’s sources of job creation are becoming increasingly diversified,and the platform economy is developing rapidly.Against the backdrop of insufficient domestic demand and the disruptive shocks of artificial intelligence,there is an urgent need to enhance the consistency of macroeconomic policy orientation.To this end,China should strengthen macroeconomic policy synergy,adhere to an employment-first principle,and bolster demand-side management to expand domestic demand.Furthermore,it is essential to align industrial progress with job creation through“tech-for-good”initiatives,improve the coordination mechanism between fiscal,monetary,and industrial policies,and provide a solid safety net for key target groups to achieve high-quality full employment.
基金support by “R&D Program for Forest Science Technology(RS-2024-0040 3460)” provided by Korea Forest Service(Korea Forestry Promotion Institute)
摘要Dear Editor,H∞This letter develops a new framework for the robust stability and performance conditions as well as the relevant controller synthesis with respect to uncertain robot manipulators.There often exist model uncertainties between the nominal model and the real robot manipulator and disturbances. Hence, dealing with their effects plays a crucial role in leading to high tracking performances, as discussed in [1]–[5].
基金supported by the Humanities and Social Sciences Research Planning Fund of Ministry of Education for Western and Frontier Areas(14XJA740001)。
摘要English gerund construction is a system composed of 3 variants, including "Gerund + Φ", "Gerund + of + NP", and "Gerund + NP". The noun and verb attributes of the 3 variants are recursive, and in theory their frequencies vary regularly in different styles. An abstract is placed before the beginning of an academic papers, which has the basic characteristics of conciseness and generalization, and has special requirements for the use of gerunds. The purpose of this study was to empirically explore the system of gerund construction in abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and to specifically explore the inherent characteristics of noun and verb properties of the 3 variants. For this purpose, two corpora were constructed, one is about abstracts of natural science papers, and the other is about abstracts of social science papers. Finally, the results of chi-square test showed that there was no significant difference in the frequencies of the 3 variants in the abstracts of natural science and social science papers, and the two corpora can be studied as a whole. In the combined corpus, there were significant differences in the frequencies of the 3 gerund variants. The frequencies of these 3 variants and their gerund properties showed a recursive change.