The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is improved with the controlled elitism and dynamic crowding distance. A novel multi-objective optimization algorithm is obtained for wind turbine blades. As an exa...The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is improved with the controlled elitism and dynamic crowding distance. A novel multi-objective optimization algorithm is obtained for wind turbine blades. As an example, a 5 MW wind turbine blade design is presented by taking the maximum power coefficient and the minimum blade mass as the optimization objectives. The optimal results show that this algorithm has good performance in handling the multi-objective optimization of wind turbines, and it gives a Pareto-optimal solution set rather than the optimum solutions to the conventional multi objective optimization problems. The wind turbine blade optimization method presented in this paper provides a new and general algorithm for the multi-objective optimization of wind turbines.展开更多
In computer vision,convolutional neural networks have a wide range of uses.Images representmost of today’s data,so it’s important to know how to handle these large amounts of data efficiently.Convolutional neural ne...In computer vision,convolutional neural networks have a wide range of uses.Images representmost of today’s data,so it’s important to know how to handle these large amounts of data efficiently.Convolutional neural networks have been shown to solve image processing problems effectively.However,when designing the network structure for a particular problem,you need to adjust the hyperparameters for higher accuracy.This technique is time consuming and requires a lot of work and domain knowledge.Designing a convolutional neural network architecture is a classic NP-hard optimization challenge.On the other hand,different datasets require different combinations of models or hyperparameters,which can be time consuming and inconvenient.Various approaches have been proposed to overcome this problem,such as grid search limited to low-dimensional space and queuing by random selection.To address this issue,we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach that dynamically enhances the structure of Convolution Neural Networks(CNNs)using optimized hyperparameters.This study proposes a method using Non-dominated sorted genetic algorithms(NSGA)to improve the hyperparameters of the CNN model.In addition,different types and parameter ranges of existing genetic algorithms are used.Acomparative study was conducted with various state-of-the-art methodologies and algorithms.Experiments have shown that our proposed approach is superior to previous methods in terms of classification accuracy,and the results are published in modern computing literature.展开更多
Massive carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions drive climate change.Injecting CO2into unconventional reservoirsachieves both enhanced oil recovery(EOR)and geological sequestration.However,simultaneously optimizing oil exc...Massive carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions drive climate change.Injecting CO2into unconventional reservoirsachieves both enhanced oil recovery(EOR)and geological sequestration.However,simultaneously optimizing oil exchange ratio,CO2storage,and net present value remainschallenging.This study develops an integrated machine learning(ML)-based framework for multi-objective optimization of CO2-EOR.A high-resolution reservoir simulation was constructed from field data,and Latin hypercube sampling generateddiverse scenarios for proxy training.Mantel's test quantified correlations between input parameters and performance metrics,showing that injection strategy strongly controls net present value,whereas geological properties dominate CO2storage.Three ML models—random forest(RF),support vector regression,and artificial neural networks—were evaluated,with RF selected for its superior performance on small datasets.RF was embedded into an improved non-dominatedsorting genetic algorithm II,enhanced with grey difference degree,crowding distance,and adaptive differential evolution to improve diversity and efficiency.Finally,the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution ranked Pareto-optimal solutions through integrating oil productivity,storage,and economics.The proposed framework operationalizes simultaneoushigh-efficiency tight oil recovery and field-scale CO2geological storage,delivering quantitative design rules that embed low-carbon practice into upstream operations and advance the energy sector's greenerand sustainable transition.展开更多
Satellite constellation design for space optical systems is essentially a multiple-objective optimization problem. In this work, to tackle this challenge, we first categorize the performance metrics of the space optic...Satellite constellation design for space optical systems is essentially a multiple-objective optimization problem. In this work, to tackle this challenge, we first categorize the performance metrics of the space optical system by taking into account the system tasks(i.e., target detection and tracking). We then propose a new non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA) to maximize the system surveillance performance. Pareto optimal sets are employed to deal with the conflicts due to the presence of multiple cost functions. Simulation results verify the validity and the improved performance of the proposed technique over benchmark methods.展开更多
This paper addresses the planning problem of parallel DC electric springs (DCESs). DCES, a demand-side management method, realizes automatic matching of power consumption and power generation by adjusting non-critical...This paper addresses the planning problem of parallel DC electric springs (DCESs). DCES, a demand-side management method, realizes automatic matching of power consumption and power generation by adjusting non-critical load (NCL) and internal storage. It can offer higher power quality to critical load (CL), reduce power imbalance and relieve pressure on energy storage systems (RESs). In this paper, a planning method for parallel DCESs is proposed to maximize stability gain, economic benefits, and penetration of RESs. The planning model is a master optimization with sub-optimization to highlight the priority of objectives. Master optimization is used to improve stability of the network, and sub-optimization aims to improve economic benefit and allowable penetration of RESs. This issue is a multivariable nonlinear mixed integer problem, requiring huge calculations by using common solvers. Therefore, particle Swarm optimization (PSO) and Elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) were used to solve this model. Considering uncertainty of RESs, this paper verifies effectiveness of the proposed planning method on IEEE 33-bus system based on deterministic scenarios obtained by scenario analysis.展开更多
Awareness of suspended sediment load (SSL) and its continuous monitoring plays an important role in soil erosion studies and watershed management.Despite the common use of the conventional model of the sediment rating...Awareness of suspended sediment load (SSL) and its continuous monitoring plays an important role in soil erosion studies and watershed management.Despite the common use of the conventional model of the sediment rating curve (SRC) and the methods proposed to correct it,the results of this model are still not sufficiently accurate.In this study,in order to increase the efficiency of SRC model,a multi-objective optimization approach is proposed using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) algorithm.The instantaneous flow discharge and SSL data from the Ramian hydrometric station on the Ghorichay River,Iran are used as a case study.In the first part of the study,using self-organizing map (SOM),an unsupervised artificial neural network,the data were clustered and classified as two homogeneous groups as 70% and 30% for use in calibration and evaluation of SRC models,respectively.In the second part of the study,two different groups of SRC model comprised of conventional SRC models and optimized models (single and multi-objective optimization algorithms) were extracted from calibration data set and their performance was evaluated.The comparative analysis of the results revealed that the optimal SRC model achieved through NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was superior to the SRC models in the daily SSL estimation for the data used in this study.Given that the use of the SRC model is common,the proposed model in this study can increase the efficiency of this regression model.展开更多
This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is establish...This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is established with production error and production cost as optimization objectives,combined with constraints such as the number of equipment and the number of layers.Second,a decoupled multi-objective optimization algorithm(DMOA)is proposed based on the linear programming decoupling strategy and non-dominated sorting in genetic algorithmsⅡ(NSGAII).The size-combination matrix and the fabric-layer matrix are decoupled to improve the accuracy of the algorithm.Meanwhile,an improved NSGAII algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal Pareto solution to the MCOP problem,thereby constructing a practical intelligent production optimization algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed DMOA are verified through practical cases and comparative experiments,which can effectively optimize the production process for garment enterprises.展开更多
Determining the group forces of the thrust system is essential for trajectory control of tunnel boring machines(TBMs).Existing methods for selecting an optimal solution mainly consider the force variance among groups,...Determining the group forces of the thrust system is essential for trajectory control of tunnel boring machines(TBMs).Existing methods for selecting an optimal solution mainly consider the force variance among groups,while ignoring other constraints,such as uneven segment loading and excessive hydraulic shock.In this study,we develop a more comprehensive and robust framework for force allocation.First,a novel region-reconfigurable hydraulic system is designed,which enforces consistency among the forces acting on each segment.Then on this basis,for the ramping-up tunneling stage,quadratic programming(QP)is used to optimize force uniformity across the spatial dimension.Compared to the on-site allocation result,the improvement in force uniformity reaches up to 32.89%.Moreover,to address the hydraulic shock caused by excessive adjustment to the force,hydraulic compliance is introduced and optimized together with force uniformity using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),which outperforms weighted QP by 1.25×106 kN2 in uniformity and 2.86 kN2 in compliance.Analyzing performance in the steady tunneling stage,the service life of the components improves significantly.To avoid a non-existent solution for the thrust force vector,a genetic algorithm-based error tolerance method is developed.Therefore,all deviation rectification commands can be answered with a minor compromise of up to 3%in the fitting accuracy of the thrust force vector.In summary,this framework enhances the adaptability and robustness of the force allocation strategy,providing a reliable foundation for TBM trajectory control.展开更多
Multi-objective land allocation(MOLA)can be regarded as a spatial optimization problem that allocates appropriate use to certain land units subjecting to multiple objectives and constraints.This article develops an im...Multi-objective land allocation(MOLA)can be regarded as a spatial optimization problem that allocates appropriate use to certain land units subjecting to multiple objectives and constraints.This article develops an improved knowledge-informed non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)for solving the MOLA problem by integrating the patch-based,edge growing/decreasing,neighborhood,and constraint steering rules.By applying both the classical and the knowledge-informed NSGA-II to a simulated planning area of 30×30 grid,we find that:when compared to the classical NSGA-II,the knowledge-informed NSGA-II consistently produces solutions much closer to the true Pareto front within shorter computation time without sacrificing the solution diversity;the knowledge-informed NSGA-II is more effective and more efficient in encouraging compact land allocation;the solutions produced by the knowledge-informed have less scattered/isolated land units and provide a good compromise between construction sprawl and conservation land protection.The better performance proves that knowledge-informed NSGA-II is a more reasonable and desirable approach in the planning context.展开更多
Manned aerial vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicle(MAV-UAV)combat organization is a MAV-UAV combat collective formed from the perspective of organization design theory and methodology,and the generation of force formation ...Manned aerial vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicle(MAV-UAV)combat organization is a MAV-UAV combat collective formed from the perspective of organization design theory and methodology,and the generation of force formation plan is a key step in the organizational planning.Based on the description of the problem and the definition of organizational elements,the matching model of platform-target attack wave is constructed to minimize the redundancy of command and decision-making capability,resource capability and the number of platforms used.Based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅢ(NSGA-Ⅲ)framework,which includes encoding/decoding method and constraint handling method,the generation model of organizational force formation plan is solved,and the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are verified by simulation experiments.展开更多
针对动态对抗场景中因节点损毁导致打击链中断的问题,提出一种基于断点复用与局部搜索的在线重构方法。构建“物理-功能-状态”三层抽象网络模型,实现节点、连边与语义约束的统一建模。引入改进的非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sort...针对动态对抗场景中因节点损毁导致打击链中断的问题,提出一种基于断点复用与局部搜索的在线重构方法。构建“物理-功能-状态”三层抽象网络模型,实现节点、连边与语义约束的统一建模。引入改进的非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA)-II以保留可用前段链路、压缩搜索空间,并结合逼近理想解的排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)实现毫秒级的帕累托最优解决策。仿真结果表明,所提方法在链路重构时延上较传统策略降低62%,在装备资源下降20%的条件下仍可保持极高的任务完成率,且算法复杂度随节点规模线性增长,满足主流分布式作战体系对实时性与扩展性的需求。展开更多
Group scheduling problems have attracted much attention owing to their many practical applications.This work proposes a new bi-objective serial-batch group scheduling problem considering the constraints of sequence-de...Group scheduling problems have attracted much attention owing to their many practical applications.This work proposes a new bi-objective serial-batch group scheduling problem considering the constraints of sequence-dependent setup time,release time,and due time.It is originated from an important industrial process,i.e.,wire rod and bar rolling process in steel production systems.Two objective functions,i.e.,the number of late jobs and total setup time,are minimized.A mixed integer linear program is established to describe the problem.To obtain its Pareto solutions,we present a memetic algorithm that integrates a population-based nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II and two single-solution-based improvement methods,i.e.,an insertion-based local search and an iterated greedy algorithm.The computational results on extensive industrial data with the scale of a one-week schedule show that the proposed algorithm has great performance in solving the concerned problem and outperforms its peers.Its high accuracy and efficiency imply its great potential to be applied to solve industrial-size group scheduling problems.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (No. 2007CB714600)
摘要The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA) is improved with the controlled elitism and dynamic crowding distance. A novel multi-objective optimization algorithm is obtained for wind turbine blades. As an example, a 5 MW wind turbine blade design is presented by taking the maximum power coefficient and the minimum blade mass as the optimization objectives. The optimal results show that this algorithm has good performance in handling the multi-objective optimization of wind turbines, and it gives a Pareto-optimal solution set rather than the optimum solutions to the conventional multi objective optimization problems. The wind turbine blade optimization method presented in this paper provides a new and general algorithm for the multi-objective optimization of wind turbines.
基金This research was supported by the Researchers Supporting Program(TUMAProject-2021-27)Almaarefa University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
摘要In computer vision,convolutional neural networks have a wide range of uses.Images representmost of today’s data,so it’s important to know how to handle these large amounts of data efficiently.Convolutional neural networks have been shown to solve image processing problems effectively.However,when designing the network structure for a particular problem,you need to adjust the hyperparameters for higher accuracy.This technique is time consuming and requires a lot of work and domain knowledge.Designing a convolutional neural network architecture is a classic NP-hard optimization challenge.On the other hand,different datasets require different combinations of models or hyperparameters,which can be time consuming and inconvenient.Various approaches have been proposed to overcome this problem,such as grid search limited to low-dimensional space and queuing by random selection.To address this issue,we propose an evolutionary algorithm-based approach that dynamically enhances the structure of Convolution Neural Networks(CNNs)using optimized hyperparameters.This study proposes a method using Non-dominated sorted genetic algorithms(NSGA)to improve the hyperparameters of the CNN model.In addition,different types and parameter ranges of existing genetic algorithms are used.Acomparative study was conducted with various state-of-the-art methodologies and algorithms.Experiments have shown that our proposed approach is superior to previous methods in terms of classification accuracy,and the results are published in modern computing literature.
基金support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0120700)National Science and TechnologyMajor Project of China(2025ZD1408303)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52304023)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(CSTB2022NSCQMSX0403).
摘要Massive carbon dioxide(CO2)emissions drive climate change.Injecting CO2into unconventional reservoirsachieves both enhanced oil recovery(EOR)and geological sequestration.However,simultaneously optimizing oil exchange ratio,CO2storage,and net present value remainschallenging.This study develops an integrated machine learning(ML)-based framework for multi-objective optimization of CO2-EOR.A high-resolution reservoir simulation was constructed from field data,and Latin hypercube sampling generateddiverse scenarios for proxy training.Mantel's test quantified correlations between input parameters and performance metrics,showing that injection strategy strongly controls net present value,whereas geological properties dominate CO2storage.Three ML models—random forest(RF),support vector regression,and artificial neural networks—were evaluated,with RF selected for its superior performance on small datasets.RF was embedded into an improved non-dominatedsorting genetic algorithm II,enhanced with grey difference degree,crowding distance,and adaptive differential evolution to improve diversity and efficiency.Finally,the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution ranked Pareto-optimal solutions through integrating oil productivity,storage,and economics.The proposed framework operationalizes simultaneoushigh-efficiency tight oil recovery and field-scale CO2geological storage,delivering quantitative design rules that embed low-carbon practice into upstream operations and advance the energy sector's greenerand sustainable transition.
摘要Satellite constellation design for space optical systems is essentially a multiple-objective optimization problem. In this work, to tackle this challenge, we first categorize the performance metrics of the space optical system by taking into account the system tasks(i.e., target detection and tracking). We then propose a new non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm(NSGA) to maximize the system surveillance performance. Pareto optimal sets are employed to deal with the conflicts due to the presence of multiple cost functions. Simulation results verify the validity and the improved performance of the proposed technique over benchmark methods.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.52177171 and 51877040Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Smart Grid Technology and Equipment,Southeast University,China.
摘要This paper addresses the planning problem of parallel DC electric springs (DCESs). DCES, a demand-side management method, realizes automatic matching of power consumption and power generation by adjusting non-critical load (NCL) and internal storage. It can offer higher power quality to critical load (CL), reduce power imbalance and relieve pressure on energy storage systems (RESs). In this paper, a planning method for parallel DCESs is proposed to maximize stability gain, economic benefits, and penetration of RESs. The planning model is a master optimization with sub-optimization to highlight the priority of objectives. Master optimization is used to improve stability of the network, and sub-optimization aims to improve economic benefit and allowable penetration of RESs. This issue is a multivariable nonlinear mixed integer problem, requiring huge calculations by using common solvers. Therefore, particle Swarm optimization (PSO) and Elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) were used to solve this model. Considering uncertainty of RESs, this paper verifies effectiveness of the proposed planning method on IEEE 33-bus system based on deterministic scenarios obtained by scenario analysis.
摘要Awareness of suspended sediment load (SSL) and its continuous monitoring plays an important role in soil erosion studies and watershed management.Despite the common use of the conventional model of the sediment rating curve (SRC) and the methods proposed to correct it,the results of this model are still not sufficiently accurate.In this study,in order to increase the efficiency of SRC model,a multi-objective optimization approach is proposed using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ (NSGA-Ⅱ) algorithm.The instantaneous flow discharge and SSL data from the Ramian hydrometric station on the Ghorichay River,Iran are used as a case study.In the first part of the study,using self-organizing map (SOM),an unsupervised artificial neural network,the data were clustered and classified as two homogeneous groups as 70% and 30% for use in calibration and evaluation of SRC models,respectively.In the second part of the study,two different groups of SRC model comprised of conventional SRC models and optimized models (single and multi-objective optimization algorithms) were extracted from calibration data set and their performance was evaluated.The comparative analysis of the results revealed that the optimal SRC model achieved through NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm was superior to the SRC models in the daily SSL estimation for the data used in this study.Given that the use of the SRC model is common,the proposed model in this study can increase the efficiency of this regression model.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ22F030015).
摘要This work addresses the cut order planning(COP)problem for multi-color garment production,which is the first step in the clothing industry.First,a multi-objective optimization model of multicolor COP(MCOP)is established with production error and production cost as optimization objectives,combined with constraints such as the number of equipment and the number of layers.Second,a decoupled multi-objective optimization algorithm(DMOA)is proposed based on the linear programming decoupling strategy and non-dominated sorting in genetic algorithmsⅡ(NSGAII).The size-combination matrix and the fabric-layer matrix are decoupled to improve the accuracy of the algorithm.Meanwhile,an improved NSGAII algorithm is designed to obtain the optimal Pareto solution to the MCOP problem,thereby constructing a practical intelligent production optimization algorithm.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed DMOA are verified through practical cases and comparative experiments,which can effectively optimize the production process for garment enterprises.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2022 YFC 3802302)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52475075).
摘要Determining the group forces of the thrust system is essential for trajectory control of tunnel boring machines(TBMs).Existing methods for selecting an optimal solution mainly consider the force variance among groups,while ignoring other constraints,such as uneven segment loading and excessive hydraulic shock.In this study,we develop a more comprehensive and robust framework for force allocation.First,a novel region-reconfigurable hydraulic system is designed,which enforces consistency among the forces acting on each segment.Then on this basis,for the ramping-up tunneling stage,quadratic programming(QP)is used to optimize force uniformity across the spatial dimension.Compared to the on-site allocation result,the improvement in force uniformity reaches up to 32.89%.Moreover,to address the hydraulic shock caused by excessive adjustment to the force,hydraulic compliance is introduced and optimized together with force uniformity using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II),which outperforms weighted QP by 1.25×106 kN2 in uniformity and 2.86 kN2 in compliance.Analyzing performance in the steady tunneling stage,the service life of the components improves significantly.To avoid a non-existent solution for the thrust force vector,a genetic algorithm-based error tolerance method is developed.Therefore,all deviation rectification commands can be answered with a minor compromise of up to 3%in the fitting accuracy of the thrust force vector.In summary,this framework enhances the adaptability and robustness of the force allocation strategy,providing a reliable foundation for TBM trajectory control.
摘要Multi-objective land allocation(MOLA)can be regarded as a spatial optimization problem that allocates appropriate use to certain land units subjecting to multiple objectives and constraints.This article develops an improved knowledge-informed non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II(NSGA-II)for solving the MOLA problem by integrating the patch-based,edge growing/decreasing,neighborhood,and constraint steering rules.By applying both the classical and the knowledge-informed NSGA-II to a simulated planning area of 30×30 grid,we find that:when compared to the classical NSGA-II,the knowledge-informed NSGA-II consistently produces solutions much closer to the true Pareto front within shorter computation time without sacrificing the solution diversity;the knowledge-informed NSGA-II is more effective and more efficient in encouraging compact land allocation;the solutions produced by the knowledge-informed have less scattered/isolated land units and provide a good compromise between construction sprawl and conservation land protection.The better performance proves that knowledge-informed NSGA-II is a more reasonable and desirable approach in the planning context.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(2023-JC-QN-0728)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693942)。
摘要Manned aerial vehicle-unmanned aerial vehicle(MAV-UAV)combat organization is a MAV-UAV combat collective formed from the perspective of organization design theory and methodology,and the generation of force formation plan is a key step in the organizational planning.Based on the description of the problem and the definition of organizational elements,the matching model of platform-target attack wave is constructed to minimize the redundancy of command and decision-making capability,resource capability and the number of platforms used.Based on the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅢ(NSGA-Ⅲ)framework,which includes encoding/decoding method and constraint handling method,the generation model of organizational force formation plan is solved,and the effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are verified by simulation experiments.
摘要针对动态对抗场景中因节点损毁导致打击链中断的问题,提出一种基于断点复用与局部搜索的在线重构方法。构建“物理-功能-状态”三层抽象网络模型,实现节点、连边与语义约束的统一建模。引入改进的非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm,NSGA)-II以保留可用前段链路、压缩搜索空间,并结合逼近理想解的排序法(technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution,TOPSIS)实现毫秒级的帕累托最优解决策。仿真结果表明,所提方法在链路重构时延上较传统策略降低62%,在装备资源下降20%的条件下仍可保持极高的任务完成率,且算法复杂度随节点规模线性增长,满足主流分布式作战体系对实时性与扩展性的需求。
基金This work was supported by the China Scholarship Council Scholarship,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0306400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62073069)the Deanship of Scientific Research(DSR)at King Abdulaziz University(RG-48-135-40).
摘要Group scheduling problems have attracted much attention owing to their many practical applications.This work proposes a new bi-objective serial-batch group scheduling problem considering the constraints of sequence-dependent setup time,release time,and due time.It is originated from an important industrial process,i.e.,wire rod and bar rolling process in steel production systems.Two objective functions,i.e.,the number of late jobs and total setup time,are minimized.A mixed integer linear program is established to describe the problem.To obtain its Pareto solutions,we present a memetic algorithm that integrates a population-based nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II and two single-solution-based improvement methods,i.e.,an insertion-based local search and an iterated greedy algorithm.The computational results on extensive industrial data with the scale of a one-week schedule show that the proposed algorithm has great performance in solving the concerned problem and outperforms its peers.Its high accuracy and efficiency imply its great potential to be applied to solve industrial-size group scheduling problems.