This paper develops an innovative computational model for assessing the Carbon Emission Factor(CEF)of provincial power systems that incorporates inter-provincial electricity transfers and hybrid generation portfolios ...This paper develops an innovative computational model for assessing the Carbon Emission Factor(CEF)of provincial power systems that incorporates inter-provincial electricity transfers and hybrid generation portfolios combining conventional and renewable sources.A key contribution lies in evaluating how deep regulation of thermal power plants influence the carbon intensity of coal-fired generation and coal-fired generation together with high penetration renewables.Furthermore,the study quantitatively analyzes the role of renewable energy consumption and the prospective application of Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)in reducing system-wide CEF.Based on this framework,the paper proposes phased carbon emission targets for Guangdong’s power system for key milestone years(2030,2045,2060),along with targeted implementation strategies.Results demonstrate that in renewable-dominant systems,deep regulation of thermal units,load peak-shaving,and deployment of flexible resources such as energy storage are effective in cutting carbon intensity.To achieve the defined targets—0.367 kg/kWh by 2030,0.231 kg/kWh by 2045,and 0.032 kg/kWh by 2060—the following innovation-focused policy is recommended:in early stage,mainly on expansion of renewable capacity and inter-provincial transmission infrastructure along with energy storage deployment;in mid-term,mainly on enhancement of electricity market mechanisms to promote green power trading and demand-side flexibility;and in late-stage,mainly on systematic retirement of conventional coal assets coupled with large-scale CCS adoption and carbon sink mechanisms.展开更多
This paper proposes a collaborative design method for enhancing the power factor and torque of electric motors.First,the intrinsic relationship between flux linkage analysis of the permanent magnet(PM)and armature fie...This paper proposes a collaborative design method for enhancing the power factor and torque of electric motors.First,the intrinsic relationship between flux linkage analysis of the permanent magnet(PM)and armature field and the power factor is explored.Then,the connection between flux linkage and harmonics is established,clarifying the mechanism for improving power factor and torque.Improvements are focused on the PM and permeance.Regarding the PM structure,employing a Y-shaped PM structure effectively increases PM utilization,reduces leakage flux at the outer ends,and enhances the PM flux linkage.Concerning permeance,stator tooth design is optimized to cooperatively improve permeance harmonics,reduce the non-working flux linkage of the armature field,and enhance the fundamental modulation wave of the armature field responsible for torque generation.This improves the power factor while maintaining motor torque.Finally,through PM structural design,the motor torque performance is optimized.Furthermore,the performance of the Y-shaped PM motor is evaluated.A prototype was manufactured and tested.Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to a significant extent.展开更多
Flux modulated dual-permanent magnet(PM)excited machine(FMDPMM)has become a promising candidate for direct-drive applications,featuring high torque density and efficiency.However,it usually suffers from a low power fa...Flux modulated dual-permanent magnet(PM)excited machine(FMDPMM)has become a promising candidate for direct-drive applications,featuring high torque density and efficiency.However,it usually suffers from a low power factor(PF)due to the imbalanced PM and armature flux linkages,which are mainly caused by the abundant PM and armature field harmonics.To address the problem,a comprehensive PF analysis of FMDPMM is conducted in this paper based on PM and armature flux linkages.First,the dominant PM and armature field harmonics contributing to the corresponding flux linkages are investigated using a simplified magnetomotive force(MMF)-permeance model.Based on the qualitative analysis,several practical design guidelines are presented to improve the PF of FMDPMM.Then,the dominant field harmonics and flux linkage contributions of two FMDPMMs with different PM arrangements and winding configurations are comparatively analyzed,quantitatively verifying the effectiveness of the proposed guidelines for PF improvement.The results demonstrate that,by taking advantage of high PM flux linkage,low non-working armature flux linkage,and proper filtering effect of armature windings,MDPMM can simultaneously achieve a high PF and a large torque density.Finally,a prototype is manufactured for validation.展开更多
Hybrid energy storage systems(HESSs)involved in secondary frequency regulation(FR)can overcome the technical limitations of single energy storage systems(ESSs).However,coordinating the control of ESSs with differing c...Hybrid energy storage systems(HESSs)involved in secondary frequency regulation(FR)can overcome the technical limitations of single energy storage systems(ESSs).However,coordinating the control of ESSs with differing characteristics remains a major challenge.In this study,we propose a cooperative control strategy for HESSs in automatic generation control FR.First,the maximum output dynamic adjustment factor of the flywheel energy storage system(FESS)and the real-time dispatchable power of ESSs are introduced to constrain the charge/discharge power of ESSs.Subsequently,a coordinated allocation strategy of prioritizing the FESS,i.e.,battery energy storage system(BESS)supplementation,is adopted to pre-allocate the FR power of HESSs between BESSs and FESSs.Second,we minimized the energy loss and balanced the state of charge(SOC)of each ESS to redistribute the pre-allocated FR power of each ESS among the internal energy storage units.Finally,we conducted a simulation analysis using actual operational data.The findings indicate that the proposed strategy can reduce the lifetime loss of the BESS and enhance the continuous operating capability of the FESS.This system can also reduce the energy loss in each ESS,thereby effectively maintaining the SOC equilibrium of each system.展开更多
This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently calculating dynamic carbon emission factors(CEFs)in large-scale power systems.Traditional methods that rely on direct matrix inversion are computationally intensive an...This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently calculating dynamic carbon emission factors(CEFs)in large-scale power systems.Traditional methods that rely on direct matrix inversion are computationally intensive and become impractical for networks with thousands of nodes.To overcome this limitation,a fast and scalable computational framework is proposed based on the incomplete LU(ILU)preconditioned biconjugate gradient stabilized(BiCGSTAB)iterative solver.The proposed approach formulates the nodal CEF model as a sparse linear system and employs Krylov subspace acceleration with ILU preconditioning to enhance convergence and numerical stability.The method is applied to synthetic power grid test cases ranging from 200 to 10,000 nodes to evaluate its accuracy and efficiency.Results show that the ILU-preconditioned BiCGSTAB algorithm achieves convergence within seven iterations,reducing computation time by more than two orders of magnitude compared with conventional direct matrix inversion.The method accurately tracks both local and imported carbon emissions at each node,providing fine-grained temporal and spatial emission profiles.Moreover,the ILU decomposition can be reused across time steps,further improving computational efficiency for dynamic and real-time scenarios.Overall,the proposed method demonstrates excellent scalability and robustness,making it well suited for high-frequency,real-time carbon emission monitoring in large power systems.The findings provide a computational foundation for carbon-aware dispatch,emission accounting,and policy-oriented applications in future low-carbon power grids.展开更多
With the proposed carbon-neutrality targets,intermittent renewable energy will become increasingly significant for the power sector in the future.It is vital to study its development paths,particularly for wind power ...With the proposed carbon-neutrality targets,intermittent renewable energy will become increasingly significant for the power sector in the future.It is vital to study its development paths,particularly for wind power and photovoltaics,while considering constraints on diffusion potential.Using learning curves,dynamic programming,and Bass models,this study analyzes technological diffusion trends to determine the most cost-effective development route for intermittent renewable energy power generation in China by 2060.This study simplifies reality by examining the individual diffusion processes of wind and photovoltaic power,focusing on the self-diffusion characteristics of the two technologies.The study assumes that self-diffusion is the primary driver of future development and describe the influence of multiple factors.The study finds that supportive policies are key drivers of development in the early stages of intermittent renewable energy deployment,especially for photovoltaics.The current diffusion scale of photovoltaics has a greater positive impact on its future development than that of wind power due to lower costs.In the long term,the phased goal for 2030 is projected to be met ahead of schedule,and the majority of future intermittent renewable energy output is expected to come from photovoltaics.The rapid development phases of photovoltaic and wind power conclude at similar times,but the maximum diffusion potential of photovoltaics is higher than that of wind power.Investment constraints and technological levels affect the initial and middle phases of the development path,but their effects are limited.The capacity of the power grid remains the key constraint in the entire research field.展开更多
In real industrial microgrids(MGs),the length of the primary delivery feeder to the connection point of the main substation is sometimes long.This reduces the power factor and increases reactive power absorption along...In real industrial microgrids(MGs),the length of the primary delivery feeder to the connection point of the main substation is sometimes long.This reduces the power factor and increases reactive power absorption along the primary delivery feeder from the external network.Besides,the giant induction electro-motors as the working horse of industries requires remarkable amounts of reactive power for electro-mechanical energy conversions.To reduce power losses and operating costs of the MG as well as to improve the voltage quality,this study aims at providing an insightful model for optimal placement and sizing of reactive power compensation capacitors in an industrial MG.In the presented model,the objective function considers voltage profile and network power factor improvement at the MG connection point.Also,it realizes power flow equations within which all operational security constraints are considered.Various reactive power compensation strategies including distributed group compensation,centralized compensation at the main substation,and distributed compensation along the primary delivery feeder are scrutinized.A real industrial MG,say as Urmia Petrochemical plant,is considered in numerical validations.The obtained results in each scenario are discussed in depth.As seen,the best performance is obtained when the optimal location and sizing of capacitors are simultaneously determined at the main buses of the industrial plants,at the main substation of the MG,and alongside the primary delivery feeder.In this way,74.81%improvement in power losses reduction,1.3%lower active power import from the main grid,23.5%improvement in power factor,and 37.5%improvement in network voltage deviation summation are seen in this case compared to the base case.展开更多
In this work,an efficient AC-DC converter based on a bridgeless single-ended primary inductor converter(SEPIC)is proposed.Composed of only two antiseries switches,two diodes,two inductors,and one coupling capacitor,SE...In this work,an efficient AC-DC converter based on a bridgeless single-ended primary inductor converter(SEPIC)is proposed.Composed of only two antiseries switches,two diodes,two inductors,and one coupling capacitor,SEPIC has two different voltage outputs with inverted polarities,which makes it simpler and more attractive than the existing ones.More importantly,each output voltage can be individually adjusted by two different control loops,thus contributing to two different and independent duty cycles.With no need for a front-end diode bridge rectifier(DBR),its efficiency is enhanced.The simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink successfully validate that the converter is capable of supplying an output current in both directions.By connecting two independent loads to the output terminals,each with load characteristics of 100 V,200 W,and 2 A which fit well with the application requirements of Fuji compact inverters,stable output voltages with a voltage ripple lower than 4.2% were obtained.The operating efficiency under rated load conditions was 95%,resulting in a 10% reduction in DBR usage.Moreover,the envelope of the input line current closely resembled the standard sine wave with a total harmonics distortion(THD)of 2.00%,while the AC load current had a THD of 6.89%,both within standard limits.展开更多
This paper presents a comprehensive charging operation for an electric-drive-reconfigured onboard charger(EDROC)with active power factor correction(APFC).The charging topology exclusively utilizes the three-phase perm...This paper presents a comprehensive charging operation for an electric-drive-reconfigured onboard charger(EDROC)with active power factor correction(APFC).The charging topology exclusively utilizes the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)propulsion system as a three-channel boost-type converter in which only a contactor and a small diode bridge are added.First,the operation scenario of the EDROC is introduced.Second,the relationship between electromagnetic torque and rotor position is investigated.Third,the current ripple cancellation of the EDROC is discussed in detail.Moreover,to implement the single-phase APFC along with charging voltage/current regulation of propulsion battery,control strategies including current balancing and synchronous/interleaving PWM strategies are incorporated.Finally,200W proof-of-concept prototype-based tests are conducted under different operation scenarios.展开更多
A novel inverter power source is developed characterized with constant output current and unit power factor input. Digital signal processor ( DSP ) is used to realize power factor correction and control of back-stag...A novel inverter power source is developed characterized with constant output current and unit power factor input. Digital signal processor ( DSP ) is used to realize power factor correction and control of back-stage inverter bridge of the arc welding inverter. The fore-stage adopts double closed loop proportion and integration (PI) rectifier technique and the back- stage adopts digital pulse width modulation ( PWM) technique. Simulated waves can be obtained in Matlab/Simulink and validated by experiments. Experiments of the prototype showed that the total harmonic distortion (THD) can be controlled within 10% and the power factor is approximate to 1.展开更多
Thermoelectrics has long been considered as a promising way of power generation for the next decades. So far, extensive efforts have been devoted to the search of ideal thermoelectric materials, which require both hig...Thermoelectrics has long been considered as a promising way of power generation for the next decades. So far, extensive efforts have been devoted to the search of ideal thermoelectric materials, which require both high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. Recently, the emerging Dirac semimetal Cd3As2, a three-dimensional analogue of graphene, has been reported to host ultra-high mobility and good electrical conductivity as metals. Here, we report the observation of unexpected low thermal conductivity in Cd3As2, one order of magnitude lower than the conventional metals or semimetals with a similar electrical conductivity, despite the semimetal band structure and high electron mobility. The power factor also reaches a large value of 1.58 mW.m 1 .K-2 at room temperature and remains non-saturated up to 400 K. Corroborating with the first-principles calculations, we find that the thermoelectric performance can be well-modulated by the carrier concentration in a wide range. This work demonstrates the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 as a potential candidate of thermoelectric materials.展开更多
In this paper we report a kind of fast-scale instability occurring in the single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) power factor pre-regulator, which is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode. ...In this paper we report a kind of fast-scale instability occurring in the single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) power factor pre-regulator, which is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode. Main results are given by exact cycle-by-cycle computer simulations as well as theoretical analysis. It is found that the instability phenomenon manifests itself as a fast-scale bifurcation at the switching period, which implies the occurrence of border collision bifurcation, or is related to the transition of the regular operating mode of the SEPIC. According to the theoretical analysis and simulation results, the effects of parameters on system stability, and the locations of the bifurcation points are confirmed. Moreover, the effects of such an instability on power factor and switching stress are also discussed. Finally, the occurrence of the asymmetric bifurcation locations is investigated. The results show that this work provides a convenient means of predicting stability boundaries which can facilitate the selection of the practical parameters.展开更多
An intelligent power factor correction scheme is presented for three phase low power factor loads. This new scheme is able to perform individual phase sensing of parameters by monitoring at all times to sense a change...An intelligent power factor correction scheme is presented for three phase low power factor loads. This new scheme is able to perform individual phase sensing of parameters by monitoring at all times to sense a change in system parameters and affects individual phase correction by applying the exact amount of reactive components needed for each phase, and can also reduce negative sequence current caused by the load to improve system balance. An optimization criterion is used for the proper calculation of reactive power steps in a power compensation installation of capacitor banks. The criterion is enabled by sampling measurements performed on the electrical plant examined within specific interval of time.展开更多
A new family of converters,high-performance AC/DC power factor correction(PFC) switching converters with one-cycle control technology and active floating-charge technology,was derived and experimentally verified.The t...A new family of converters,high-performance AC/DC power factor correction(PFC) switching converters with one-cycle control technology and active floating-charge technology,was derived and experimentally verified.The topology of a single-phase CCM and DCM Boost-PFC switching converter was also analyzed.Its operating prniciples and control methods were expounded.Based on these,a new type of AC/DC switching converter circuits for PFC combined with one-cycle control technology was presented herein.The proposed AC/DC switching converter significantly helps improve the converter efficiency and its power factor value.展开更多
The problem of harmonic pollution has brought wide attention with the increase of power customers. The adoption of the technology of active power factor correction (APFC) with advanced high frequency power converter i...The problem of harmonic pollution has brought wide attention with the increase of power customers. The adoption of the technology of active power factor correction (APFC) with advanced high frequency power converter is a more efficient solution to the problem of harmonic pollution. A single stage isolated high power factor AC/DC converter, which features wide range DC output, high power factor, lower harmonic pollution in input current, and phase shift PWM full bridge circuit can achieve soft switching. The principle of the circuit topology and the reasons of voltage surges across the power switch are analyzed. Experiment results illustrate that this circuit has the advantages of high power factor and lower harmonic distortion.展开更多
The construction of intercontinental power grid interconnection projects is key to realizing the vision of Global Energy Interconnection,which is to solve global energy problems in a clean and sustainable manner.These...The construction of intercontinental power grid interconnection projects is key to realizing the vision of Global Energy Interconnection,which is to solve global energy problems in a clean and sustainable manner.These projects may be influenced by a few factors that are neither technological nor economic,such as political,social,and international factors.This paper thus presents a multi-level model for recognizing which factor from a compiled list of 14 would impact a particular intercontinental interconnection project and for assessing the degree of the factor’s influence.In the first part of the model,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method is used to recognize the project’s most significant impact factors.Using the recognition results,the second part of the model can assess the degree of the factor’s influence on the project based on ratings provided by experts.A comprehensive evaluation can thus be provided.As a case study,the proposed Saudi Arabia-Ethiopia power grid interconnection project connecting Asia and Africa was analyzed.Derived from a combination of multiple opinions from experts,evaluations from the model will be of direct benefit to decision-makers,investors,project implementers,and engineers,providing them with a deeper insight into the project.展开更多
In this study, aiming at the characteristics of randomness and dynamics in Wearable Audiooriented BodyNets (WA-BodyNets), stochastic differential game theory is applied to the investigation of the problem of transmi...In this study, aiming at the characteristics of randomness and dynamics in Wearable Audiooriented BodyNets (WA-BodyNets), stochastic differential game theory is applied to the investigation of the problem of transmitted power control inconsumer electronic devices. First, astochastic differential game model is proposed for non-cooperative decentralized uplink power control with a wisdom regulation factor over WA-BodyNets with a onehop star topology.This model aims to minimize the cost associated with the novel payoff function of a player, for which two cost functions are defined: functions of inherent power radiation and accumulated power radiation darmge. Second, the feedback Nash equilibrium solution of the proposed model and the constraint of the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of the player based on the SIR threshold are derived by solving the Fleming-Bellman-Isaacs partial differential equations. Furthermore, the Markov property of the optimal feedback strategies in this model is verified.The simulation results show that the proposed game model is effective and feasible for controlling the transmitted power of WA-BodyNets.展开更多
A simple single-stage AC/DC converter circuit with active clamp is presented. The operation theory and state are analyzed. The experimental results show that the voltage across main switch can be clamped to a certain ...A simple single-stage AC/DC converter circuit with active clamp is presented. The operation theory and state are analyzed. The experimental results show that the voltage across main switch can be clamped to a certain value,and zero voltage switching (ZVS) can be achieved. The voltage stress and switching loss are both decreased. In range of the whole load,power factors can be always more than 97%,and the highest efficiency can reach 88%.展开更多
Deduced the relationship between the power factor (PF) and the angular fre-quency according to the simplified equivalent circuit of asynchronous motor, forming a power factor auto-control system. An anti-interference ...Deduced the relationship between the power factor (PF) and the angular fre-quency according to the simplified equivalent circuit of asynchronous motor, forming a power factor auto-control system. An anti-interference circuit was also introduced in the middle voltage link of inverter to avoid the shift of the optimum PF point caused by the change of the load and the reliable run of the control system was assured. The experi-ment results show that it has a good self-adaptation in the whole scope of speed ad-justment and an obvious economization on energy while it runs under load.展开更多
On the basis of welding transformer circuit model, a new measuring method was proposed. This method measures the peak angle of the welding current, and then calculates the dynamic power factor in each half-wave. An ar...On the basis of welding transformer circuit model, a new measuring method was proposed. This method measures the peak angle of the welding current, and then calculates the dynamic power factor in each half-wave. An artificial neural network is trained and used to generate simulation data for the analytical solution, i.e. a high-order binary polynomial, which can be easily adopted to calculate the power factor online. The tailored sensing and computing system ensures that the method possesses a real-time computational capacity and satisfying accuracy. A DSP-based resistance spot welding monitoring system was developed to perform ANN computation. The experimental results suggest that this measuring method is feasible.展开更多
基金supported by Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(GDKJXM20231259).
摘要This paper develops an innovative computational model for assessing the Carbon Emission Factor(CEF)of provincial power systems that incorporates inter-provincial electricity transfers and hybrid generation portfolios combining conventional and renewable sources.A key contribution lies in evaluating how deep regulation of thermal power plants influence the carbon intensity of coal-fired generation and coal-fired generation together with high penetration renewables.Furthermore,the study quantitatively analyzes the role of renewable energy consumption and the prospective application of Carbon Capture and Storage(CCS)in reducing system-wide CEF.Based on this framework,the paper proposes phased carbon emission targets for Guangdong’s power system for key milestone years(2030,2045,2060),along with targeted implementation strategies.Results demonstrate that in renewable-dominant systems,deep regulation of thermal units,load peak-shaving,and deployment of flexible resources such as energy storage are effective in cutting carbon intensity.To achieve the defined targets—0.367 kg/kWh by 2030,0.231 kg/kWh by 2045,and 0.032 kg/kWh by 2060—the following innovation-focused policy is recommended:in early stage,mainly on expansion of renewable capacity and inter-provincial transmission infrastructure along with energy storage deployment;in mid-term,mainly on enhancement of electricity market mechanisms to promote green power trading and demand-side flexibility;and in late-stage,mainly on systematic retirement of conventional coal assets coupled with large-scale CCS adoption and carbon sink mechanisms.
摘要This paper proposes a collaborative design method for enhancing the power factor and torque of electric motors.First,the intrinsic relationship between flux linkage analysis of the permanent magnet(PM)and armature field and the power factor is explored.Then,the connection between flux linkage and harmonics is established,clarifying the mechanism for improving power factor and torque.Improvements are focused on the PM and permeance.Regarding the PM structure,employing a Y-shaped PM structure effectively increases PM utilization,reduces leakage flux at the outer ends,and enhances the PM flux linkage.Concerning permeance,stator tooth design is optimized to cooperatively improve permeance harmonics,reduce the non-working flux linkage of the armature field,and enhance the fundamental modulation wave of the armature field responsible for torque generation.This improves the power factor while maintaining motor torque.Finally,through PM structural design,the motor torque performance is optimized.Furthermore,the performance of the Y-shaped PM motor is evaluated.A prototype was manufactured and tested.Theoretical analysis and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method to a significant extent.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 52404171。
摘要Flux modulated dual-permanent magnet(PM)excited machine(FMDPMM)has become a promising candidate for direct-drive applications,featuring high torque density and efficiency.However,it usually suffers from a low power factor(PF)due to the imbalanced PM and armature flux linkages,which are mainly caused by the abundant PM and armature field harmonics.To address the problem,a comprehensive PF analysis of FMDPMM is conducted in this paper based on PM and armature flux linkages.First,the dominant PM and armature field harmonics contributing to the corresponding flux linkages are investigated using a simplified magnetomotive force(MMF)-permeance model.Based on the qualitative analysis,several practical design guidelines are presented to improve the PF of FMDPMM.Then,the dominant field harmonics and flux linkage contributions of two FMDPMMs with different PM arrangements and winding configurations are comparatively analyzed,quantitatively verifying the effectiveness of the proposed guidelines for PF improvement.The results demonstrate that,by taking advantage of high PM flux linkage,low non-working armature flux linkage,and proper filtering effect of armature windings,MDPMM can simultaneously achieve a high PF and a large torque density.Finally,a prototype is manufactured for validation.
基金supported by the Key Projects of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.:52337004).
摘要Hybrid energy storage systems(HESSs)involved in secondary frequency regulation(FR)can overcome the technical limitations of single energy storage systems(ESSs).However,coordinating the control of ESSs with differing characteristics remains a major challenge.In this study,we propose a cooperative control strategy for HESSs in automatic generation control FR.First,the maximum output dynamic adjustment factor of the flywheel energy storage system(FESS)and the real-time dispatchable power of ESSs are introduced to constrain the charge/discharge power of ESSs.Subsequently,a coordinated allocation strategy of prioritizing the FESS,i.e.,battery energy storage system(BESS)supplementation,is adopted to pre-allocate the FR power of HESSs between BESSs and FESSs.Second,we minimized the energy loss and balanced the state of charge(SOC)of each ESS to redistribute the pre-allocated FR power of each ESS among the internal energy storage units.Finally,we conducted a simulation analysis using actual operational data.The findings indicate that the proposed strategy can reduce the lifetime loss of the BESS and enhance the continuous operating capability of the FESS.This system can also reduce the energy loss in each ESS,thereby effectively maintaining the SOC equilibrium of each system.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of China Southern Power Grid Co.,Ltd.(031900KC24040022(GDKJXM20240391))。
摘要This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently calculating dynamic carbon emission factors(CEFs)in large-scale power systems.Traditional methods that rely on direct matrix inversion are computationally intensive and become impractical for networks with thousands of nodes.To overcome this limitation,a fast and scalable computational framework is proposed based on the incomplete LU(ILU)preconditioned biconjugate gradient stabilized(BiCGSTAB)iterative solver.The proposed approach formulates the nodal CEF model as a sparse linear system and employs Krylov subspace acceleration with ILU preconditioning to enhance convergence and numerical stability.The method is applied to synthetic power grid test cases ranging from 200 to 10,000 nodes to evaluate its accuracy and efficiency.Results show that the ILU-preconditioned BiCGSTAB algorithm achieves convergence within seven iterations,reducing computation time by more than two orders of magnitude compared with conventional direct matrix inversion.The method accurately tracks both local and imported carbon emissions at each node,providing fine-grained temporal and spatial emission profiles.Moreover,the ILU decomposition can be reused across time steps,further improving computational efficiency for dynamic and real-time scenarios.Overall,the proposed method demonstrates excellent scalability and robustness,making it well suited for high-frequency,real-time carbon emission monitoring in large power systems.The findings provide a computational foundation for carbon-aware dispatch,emission accounting,and policy-oriented applications in future low-carbon power grids.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.71874121,No.71671121 and No.71431005]the support from the National Key R&D Programme of China[Grant No.2018YFC0704400]+1 种基金the support from Major Projects of the National Social Science Fund of China[Grant No.17ZDA065]the support from the General Project of the Humanities and Social Science Fund of the Chinese Ministry of Education[Grant No.21YJA630023].
摘要With the proposed carbon-neutrality targets,intermittent renewable energy will become increasingly significant for the power sector in the future.It is vital to study its development paths,particularly for wind power and photovoltaics,while considering constraints on diffusion potential.Using learning curves,dynamic programming,and Bass models,this study analyzes technological diffusion trends to determine the most cost-effective development route for intermittent renewable energy power generation in China by 2060.This study simplifies reality by examining the individual diffusion processes of wind and photovoltaic power,focusing on the self-diffusion characteristics of the two technologies.The study assumes that self-diffusion is the primary driver of future development and describe the influence of multiple factors.The study finds that supportive policies are key drivers of development in the early stages of intermittent renewable energy deployment,especially for photovoltaics.The current diffusion scale of photovoltaics has a greater positive impact on its future development than that of wind power due to lower costs.In the long term,the phased goal for 2030 is projected to be met ahead of schedule,and the majority of future intermittent renewable energy output is expected to come from photovoltaics.The rapid development phases of photovoltaic and wind power conclude at similar times,but the maximum diffusion potential of photovoltaics is higher than that of wind power.Investment constraints and technological levels affect the initial and middle phases of the development path,but their effects are limited.The capacity of the power grid remains the key constraint in the entire research field.
摘要In real industrial microgrids(MGs),the length of the primary delivery feeder to the connection point of the main substation is sometimes long.This reduces the power factor and increases reactive power absorption along the primary delivery feeder from the external network.Besides,the giant induction electro-motors as the working horse of industries requires remarkable amounts of reactive power for electro-mechanical energy conversions.To reduce power losses and operating costs of the MG as well as to improve the voltage quality,this study aims at providing an insightful model for optimal placement and sizing of reactive power compensation capacitors in an industrial MG.In the presented model,the objective function considers voltage profile and network power factor improvement at the MG connection point.Also,it realizes power flow equations within which all operational security constraints are considered.Various reactive power compensation strategies including distributed group compensation,centralized compensation at the main substation,and distributed compensation along the primary delivery feeder are scrutinized.A real industrial MG,say as Urmia Petrochemical plant,is considered in numerical validations.The obtained results in each scenario are discussed in depth.As seen,the best performance is obtained when the optimal location and sizing of capacitors are simultaneously determined at the main buses of the industrial plants,at the main substation of the MG,and alongside the primary delivery feeder.In this way,74.81%improvement in power losses reduction,1.3%lower active power import from the main grid,23.5%improvement in power factor,and 37.5%improvement in network voltage deviation summation are seen in this case compared to the base case.
摘要In this work,an efficient AC-DC converter based on a bridgeless single-ended primary inductor converter(SEPIC)is proposed.Composed of only two antiseries switches,two diodes,two inductors,and one coupling capacitor,SEPIC has two different voltage outputs with inverted polarities,which makes it simpler and more attractive than the existing ones.More importantly,each output voltage can be individually adjusted by two different control loops,thus contributing to two different and independent duty cycles.With no need for a front-end diode bridge rectifier(DBR),its efficiency is enhanced.The simulation results on MATLAB/Simulink successfully validate that the converter is capable of supplying an output current in both directions.By connecting two independent loads to the output terminals,each with load characteristics of 100 V,200 W,and 2 A which fit well with the application requirements of Fuji compact inverters,stable output voltages with a voltage ripple lower than 4.2% were obtained.The operating efficiency under rated load conditions was 95%,resulting in a 10% reduction in DBR usage.Moreover,the envelope of the input line current closely resembled the standard sine wave with a total harmonics distortion(THD)of 2.00%,while the AC load current had a THD of 6.89%,both within standard limits.
基金This work was supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51807098,61673226)and the Six Talent Peaks Project in Jiangsu Province(2015-JY-028).
摘要This paper presents a comprehensive charging operation for an electric-drive-reconfigured onboard charger(EDROC)with active power factor correction(APFC).The charging topology exclusively utilizes the three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)propulsion system as a three-channel boost-type converter in which only a contactor and a small diode bridge are added.First,the operation scenario of the EDROC is introduced.Second,the relationship between electromagnetic torque and rotor position is investigated.Third,the current ripple cancellation of the EDROC is discussed in detail.Moreover,to implement the single-phase APFC along with charging voltage/current regulation of propulsion battery,control strategies including current balancing and synchronous/interleaving PWM strategies are incorporated.Finally,200W proof-of-concept prototype-based tests are conducted under different operation scenarios.
摘要A novel inverter power source is developed characterized with constant output current and unit power factor input. Digital signal processor ( DSP ) is used to realize power factor correction and control of back-stage inverter bridge of the arc welding inverter. The fore-stage adopts double closed loop proportion and integration (PI) rectifier technique and the back- stage adopts digital pulse width modulation ( PWM) technique. Simulated waves can be obtained in Matlab/Simulink and validated by experiments. Experiments of the prototype showed that the total harmonic distortion (THD) can be controlled within 10% and the power factor is approximate to 1.
基金supported by the National Young 1000 Talent Plan Chinathe Pujiang Talent Plan in Shanghai,China+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61322407 and 11474058)the Fund for Fostering Talents in Basic Science of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.J1103204)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2011CB921803)
摘要Thermoelectrics has long been considered as a promising way of power generation for the next decades. So far, extensive efforts have been devoted to the search of ideal thermoelectric materials, which require both high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity. Recently, the emerging Dirac semimetal Cd3As2, a three-dimensional analogue of graphene, has been reported to host ultra-high mobility and good electrical conductivity as metals. Here, we report the observation of unexpected low thermal conductivity in Cd3As2, one order of magnitude lower than the conventional metals or semimetals with a similar electrical conductivity, despite the semimetal band structure and high electron mobility. The power factor also reaches a large value of 1.58 mW.m 1 .K-2 at room temperature and remains non-saturated up to 400 K. Corroborating with the first-principles calculations, we find that the thermoelectric performance can be well-modulated by the carrier concentration in a wide range. This work demonstrates the Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 as a potential candidate of thermoelectric materials.
摘要In this paper we report a kind of fast-scale instability occurring in the single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) power factor pre-regulator, which is designed to operate in discontinuous conduction mode. Main results are given by exact cycle-by-cycle computer simulations as well as theoretical analysis. It is found that the instability phenomenon manifests itself as a fast-scale bifurcation at the switching period, which implies the occurrence of border collision bifurcation, or is related to the transition of the regular operating mode of the SEPIC. According to the theoretical analysis and simulation results, the effects of parameters on system stability, and the locations of the bifurcation points are confirmed. Moreover, the effects of such an instability on power factor and switching stress are also discussed. Finally, the occurrence of the asymmetric bifurcation locations is investigated. The results show that this work provides a convenient means of predicting stability boundaries which can facilitate the selection of the practical parameters.
摘要An intelligent power factor correction scheme is presented for three phase low power factor loads. This new scheme is able to perform individual phase sensing of parameters by monitoring at all times to sense a change in system parameters and affects individual phase correction by applying the exact amount of reactive components needed for each phase, and can also reduce negative sequence current caused by the load to improve system balance. An optimization criterion is used for the proper calculation of reactive power steps in a power compensation installation of capacitor banks. The criterion is enabled by sampling measurements performed on the electrical plant examined within specific interval of time.
摘要A new family of converters,high-performance AC/DC power factor correction(PFC) switching converters with one-cycle control technology and active floating-charge technology,was derived and experimentally verified.The topology of a single-phase CCM and DCM Boost-PFC switching converter was also analyzed.Its operating prniciples and control methods were expounded.Based on these,a new type of AC/DC switching converter circuits for PFC combined with one-cycle control technology was presented herein.The proposed AC/DC switching converter significantly helps improve the converter efficiency and its power factor value.
摘要The problem of harmonic pollution has brought wide attention with the increase of power customers. The adoption of the technology of active power factor correction (APFC) with advanced high frequency power converter is a more efficient solution to the problem of harmonic pollution. A single stage isolated high power factor AC/DC converter, which features wide range DC output, high power factor, lower harmonic pollution in input current, and phase shift PWM full bridge circuit can achieve soft switching. The principle of the circuit topology and the reasons of voltage surges across the power switch are analyzed. Experiment results illustrate that this circuit has the advantages of high power factor and lower harmonic distortion.
基金supported by the State Grid Science and Technology Project“Research on Method and Evaluation Principle for the Cross-Continent Power Transmission Planning Scheme”(SGTYHT/16-JS-198)。
摘要The construction of intercontinental power grid interconnection projects is key to realizing the vision of Global Energy Interconnection,which is to solve global energy problems in a clean and sustainable manner.These projects may be influenced by a few factors that are neither technological nor economic,such as political,social,and international factors.This paper thus presents a multi-level model for recognizing which factor from a compiled list of 14 would impact a particular intercontinental interconnection project and for assessing the degree of the factor’s influence.In the first part of the model,the Analytic Hierarchy Process(AHP)method is used to recognize the project’s most significant impact factors.Using the recognition results,the second part of the model can assess the degree of the factor’s influence on the project based on ratings provided by experts.A comprehensive evaluation can thus be provided.As a case study,the proposed Saudi Arabia-Ethiopia power grid interconnection project connecting Asia and Africa was analyzed.Derived from a combination of multiple opinions from experts,evaluations from the model will be of direct benefit to decision-makers,investors,project implementers,and engineers,providing them with a deeper insight into the project.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants No.61272506,No.61170014,the Foundation of Key Program of MOE of China under Grant No.311007,the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing under Grant No.4102041
摘要In this study, aiming at the characteristics of randomness and dynamics in Wearable Audiooriented BodyNets (WA-BodyNets), stochastic differential game theory is applied to the investigation of the problem of transmitted power control inconsumer electronic devices. First, astochastic differential game model is proposed for non-cooperative decentralized uplink power control with a wisdom regulation factor over WA-BodyNets with a onehop star topology.This model aims to minimize the cost associated with the novel payoff function of a player, for which two cost functions are defined: functions of inherent power radiation and accumulated power radiation darmge. Second, the feedback Nash equilibrium solution of the proposed model and the constraint of the Quality of Service (QoS) requirement of the player based on the SIR threshold are derived by solving the Fleming-Bellman-Isaacs partial differential equations. Furthermore, the Markov property of the optimal feedback strategies in this model is verified.The simulation results show that the proposed game model is effective and feasible for controlling the transmitted power of WA-BodyNets.
摘要A simple single-stage AC/DC converter circuit with active clamp is presented. The operation theory and state are analyzed. The experimental results show that the voltage across main switch can be clamped to a certain value,and zero voltage switching (ZVS) can be achieved. The voltage stress and switching loss are both decreased. In range of the whole load,power factors can be always more than 97%,and the highest efficiency can reach 88%.
基金Supported by Liaoning Educational Foundation(202183386)
摘要Deduced the relationship between the power factor (PF) and the angular fre-quency according to the simplified equivalent circuit of asynchronous motor, forming a power factor auto-control system. An anti-interference circuit was also introduced in the middle voltage link of inverter to avoid the shift of the optimum PF point caused by the change of the load and the reliable run of the control system was assured. The experi-ment results show that it has a good self-adaptation in the whole scope of speed ad-justment and an obvious economization on energy while it runs under load.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 50575145)
摘要On the basis of welding transformer circuit model, a new measuring method was proposed. This method measures the peak angle of the welding current, and then calculates the dynamic power factor in each half-wave. An artificial neural network is trained and used to generate simulation data for the analytical solution, i.e. a high-order binary polynomial, which can be easily adopted to calculate the power factor online. The tailored sensing and computing system ensures that the method possesses a real-time computational capacity and satisfying accuracy. A DSP-based resistance spot welding monitoring system was developed to perform ANN computation. The experimental results suggest that this measuring method is feasible.