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Minimizing Traffic Blocking and Inter-Crosstalk in Spatial Division Multiplexing over Elastic Optical Networking 认领 引用
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作者 Joseph Ncube Nathanael Larsey +2 位作者 Raphael K. M. Ahiaklo-Kuz Charles Jnr. Asiedu Enendu Uche Okechukwu 《Journal of Computer and Communications》 2022年第5期90-102,共13页
As a promising solution, virtualization is vigorously developed to eliminate the ossification of traditional Internet infrastructure and enhance the flexibility in sharing the substrate network (SN) resources includin... As a promising solution, virtualization is vigorously developed to eliminate the ossification of traditional Internet infrastructure and enhance the flexibility in sharing the substrate network (SN) resources including computing, storage, bandwidth, etc. With network virtualization, cloud service providers can utilize the shared substrate resources to provision virtual networks (VNs) and facilitate a wide and diverse range of applications. As more and more internet applications migrate to the cloud, the resource efficiency and the survivability of VNs, such as single link failure or large-scale disaster survivability, have become crucial issues. Elastic optical networks have emerged in recent years as a strategy for dealing with the divergence of network application bandwidth needs. The network capacity has been constrained due to the usage of only two multiplexing dimensions. As transmission rates rise, so does the demand for network failure protection. Due to their end-to-end solutions, those safe-guarding paths are of particular importance among the protection methods. Due to their end-to-end solutions, those safeguarding paths are of particular importance among the protection methods. This paper presents approaches that provide a failure-independent route-protecting p-cycle for path protection in space-division multiplexed elastic optical networks. This letter looks at two SDM network challenges and presents a heuristic technique (k-shortest path) for each. In the first approach, we study a virtual network embedding (SVNE) problem and propose an algorithm for EONs, which can combat against single-link failures. We evaluate the proposed POPETA algorithm and compare its performance with some counterpart algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve satisfactory performance in terms of spectrum utilization and blocking ratio, even if with a higher backup redundancy ratio. 展开更多
关键词 Spatial Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networking Protected Routing Spectrum Core Time Allocation (Popeta)
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ZTE Records Highest Industry Growth for Optical Networking Solutions 认领 引用
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《ZTE Communications》 2008年第3期19-19,共1页
ZTE Corporation has the highest industry sales growth in the area of Optical Networking (ON)last year,according tothe report published by
关键词 ZTE Records Highest Industry Growth for Optical Networking Solutions
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ZTE Gains Second Largest Share of the Global Optical Networking Market in 2011 认领 引用
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《ZTE Communications》 2012年第2期F0002-F0002,共1页
ZTE gained the second largest share of the global optical networking market of any company for the second year in a row. ZTE gained 1.8 share points on 2010. In two years, the company moved from world No. 5 to world N... ZTE gained the second largest share of the global optical networking market of any company for the second year in a row. ZTE gained 1.8 share points on 2010. In two years, the company moved from world No. 5 to world No. 2 in the global optical network market, and its annual revenues now surpass $1.7 billion. 展开更多
关键词 ZTE Gains Second Largest Share of the Global Optical Networking Market in 2011
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ZTE Gains Second Largest Share of the Global Optical Networking Market in 2011 认领 引用
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作者 ZTE Corporation 《ZTE Communications》 2012年第3期F0002-F0002,共1页
22 August 2012 -- ZTE Corporation, a publicly listed global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, announced its interim results for the six months ended 30 June 2012. Based on both HKFRS and ... 22 August 2012 -- ZTE Corporation, a publicly listed global provider of telecommunications equipment and network solutions, announced its interim results for the six months ended 30 June 2012. Based on both HKFRS and PRC ASBE, ZTE recorded revenue of RMB 42.64 billion for the period, an increase of 15.2% year-on-year. Pre-tax profit in the period was RMB 656 million, a decrease of 48.5% year-on-year. Basic earnings per share for the period were RMB 0.07. During the reporting period, 展开更多
关键词 ZTE Gains Second Largest Share of the Global Optical Networking Market in 2011
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SDN Orchestration for Dynamic End-to-End Control of Data Center Multi-Domain Optical Networking 认领 引用 被引量:3
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作者 LIU Lei 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第8期10-21,共12页
New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically distributed data centers(DCs), are drawing attention to the requirement for dynamic end-to-end service provisioning, spanning multiple and hete... New and emerging use cases, such as the interconnection of geographically distributed data centers(DCs), are drawing attention to the requirement for dynamic end-to-end service provisioning, spanning multiple and heterogeneous optical network domains. This heterogeneity is, not only due to the diverse data transmission and switching technologies, but also due to the different options of control plane techniques. In light of this, the problem of heterogeneous control plane interworking needs to be solved, and in particular, the solution must address the specific issues of multi-domain networks, such as limited domain topology visibility, given the scalability and confidentiality constraints. In this article, some of the recent activities regarding the Software-Defined Networking(SDN) orchestration are reviewed to address such a multi-domain control plane interworking problem. Specifically, three different models, including the single SDN controller model, multiple SDN controllers in mesh, and multiple SDN controllers in a hierarchical setting, are presented for the DC interconnection network with multiple SDN/Open Flow domains or multiple Open Flow/Generalized Multi-Protocol Label Switching( GMPLS) heterogeneous domains. I n addition, two concrete implementations of the orchestration architectures are detailed, showing the overall feasibility and procedures of SDN orchestration for the end-to-endservice provisioning in multi-domain data center optical networks. 展开更多
关键词 software-defined networking(SDN) generalized multi-protocol labelswitching (GMPLS) path computationelement (PCE) data center orchestration multi-domain optical network
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Efficient programming of a large-scale optical neural network with linear disordered media 认领 引用
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作者 Kun Jin Yi Zhou +5 位作者 Jun Li Yue Tao Tao Wang Can Li Jinyong Leng Pu Zhou 《Advanced Photonics Nexus》 CSCD 2026年第2期207-221,共15页
Driven by artificial intelligence,the exponential growth in computational and energy demands has spurred exploration of alternative computing paradigms beyond traditional electronic processors.Optical neural networks(... Driven by artificial intelligence,the exponential growth in computational and energy demands has spurred exploration of alternative computing paradigms beyond traditional electronic processors.Optical neural networks(ONNs),a promising neuromorphic platform with light-speed computing,offer inherent advantages for accelerating artificial intelligence,including massive parallelism,ultralow latency,and reduced power consumption.However,most existing ONNs lack physical programmability after deployment due to rigid optical interconnects and limited optical transformations,which restrict their performance across diverse machine learning tasks.We propose a programmable and scalable ONN,an optoelectronic reservoir computing architecture integrated with cascaded linear disordered media.The key novelty lies in its physical kernel optimization via genetic algorithms,which involves programming diffuser orientations within a reduced search space and integrating wavefront shaping for feature preprocessing,thereby enhancing both optical random projection and preprocessing transformations.This platform achieves competitive accuracy in image classification with 93.5%fewer parameters than digital models;it also performs well in graph classification and human action recognition,proving feasibility for non-Euclidean and time-series datasets.Our work addresses the critical programmability bottleneck of ONNs,paving the way for scalable,energyefficient ONNs with programmable physical kernels and opening new paths for high-performance physicsinspired neuromorphic computing in resource-constrained scenarios. 展开更多
关键词 optical neural network deep learning optical linear transformation genetic algorithm disordered media
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Compact diffractive optical neural networks with programmable binary nonlinearity and physics-aware adaptive readout 认领 引用
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作者 ZENGGUANG LIU JINQI TAN +5 位作者 GUANGBO ZHANG TIANFEI ZHAO YUANKAI GUO CAN ZHAO ZHANPENG ZHANG LIWEI LIU 《Photonics Research》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第7期2793-2807,共15页
Diffractive optical neural networks(DONNs)promise ultra-high-speed computing but face persistent challenges in realizing optical nonlinearity and maintaining experimental robustness.We demonstrate the c-DONN,a compact... Diffractive optical neural networks(DONNs)promise ultra-high-speed computing but face persistent challenges in realizing optical nonlinearity and maintaining experimental robustness.We demonstrate the c-DONN,a compact architecture utilizing a digital micromirror device(DMD),to implement trainable binary nonlinearity.Furthermore,we propose a physics-aware adaptive readout mechanism that significantly mitigates alignment errors and systemic noise without requiring time-consuming in situ retraining.Our prototype system achieves a classification accuracy of over 95%on the MNIST dataset and exceeds 92%in fingerprint recognition tasks.By addressing critical hurdles in nonlinearity and robustness,this work establishes a practical engineering framework for next-generation photonic intelligent systems in biometric and edge computing applications. 展开更多
关键词 Physics Aware Adaptive Readout Experimental Robustness Optical Nonlinearity Ultra High Speed Computing Compact Diffractive Optical Neural Networks digital micromirror device dmd Programmable Binary Nonlinearity diffractive optical neural networks donns promise
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Dynamic Resource Allocation for Multi-Priority Requests Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in Elastic Optical Network 认领 引用
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作者 Zhou Yang Yang Xin +1 位作者 Sun Qiang Yang Zhuojia 《China Communications》 SCIE EI CSCD 2026年第2期312-327,共16页
As the types of traffic requests increase,the elastic optical network(EON)is considered as a promising architecture to carry multiple types of traffic requests simultaneously,including immediate reservation(IR)and adv... As the types of traffic requests increase,the elastic optical network(EON)is considered as a promising architecture to carry multiple types of traffic requests simultaneously,including immediate reservation(IR)and advance reservation(AR).Various resource allocation schemes for IR/AR requests have been designed in EON to reduce bandwidth blocking probability(BBP).However,these schemes do not consider different transmission requirements of IR requests and cannot maintain a low BBP for high-priority requests.In this paper,multi-priority is considered in the hybrid IR/AR request scenario.We modify the asynchronous advantage actor critic(A3C)model and propose an A3C-assisted priority resource allocation(APRA)algorithm.The APRA integrates priority and transmission quality of IR requests to design the A3C reward function,then dynamically allocates dedicated resources for different IR requests according to the time-varying requirements.By maximizing the reward,the transmission quality of IR requests can be matched with the priority,and lower BBP for high-priority IR requests can be ensured.Simulation results show that the APRA reduces the BBP of high-priority IR requests from 0.0341 to0.0138,and the overall network operation gain is improved by 883 compared to the scheme without considering the priority. 展开更多
关键词 deep reinforcement learning dynamic resource allocation elastic optical network multipriority requests
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Multichannel optical convolutional neural network for color images 认领 引用
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作者 Junpeng Chen Xi Jiang +4 位作者 Jiaming Su Shukai Wu Zheng Huang Haizheng Zhong Hongwei Chen 《Advanced Photonics Nexus》 CSCD 2026年第5期33-45,共13页
Most existing optical convolutional neural networks(OCNNs)are primarily limited to implementingbasic convolution functions,with little focus on leveraging the color dimension.As a result,they can typicallyonly process... Most existing optical convolutional neural networks(OCNNs)are primarily limited to implementingbasic convolution functions,with little focus on leveraging the color dimension.As a result,they can typicallyonly process single-channel or grayscale images,lacking the ability to utilize multichannel information such asRGB.In this work,we propose a multichannel optical convolutional neural network(MOCNN),which is capableof processing both RGB and hyperspectral images using only grayscale sensors by integrating trainable colorfilters into the optical path.Through simulations and experiments,we demonstrate that the performance ofoptical convolution is significantly enhanced by incorporating color information,enabling the system to handlecomplex color-related tasks.Furthermore,we design a loss function tailored to the physical properties ofquantum dots.We demonstrate that this training strategy can be extended to other types of filtering materials.Moreover,the proposed technique can serve as an OCNN-based feature-map acquisition camera withoutadditional imaging components,offering a potential route toward compact,low-cost,and privacy-preservingimage capture with limited task-performance degradation. 展开更多
关键词 optical convolutional neural network optical computing color image multichannel optical computing quantum dot
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Higher-speed passive optical networks[Invited] 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 Ji Zhou Liangchuan Li +3 位作者 Ran Gao Dong Guo Ruijie Shan Xiangjun Xin 《Chinese Optics Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第7期3-17,共15页
Twenty years after the invention of optical fiber communications,the passive optical network(PON)was proposed by J.R.Stern and his colleagues at British Telecom in 1987.Following nearly four decades of development,PON... Twenty years after the invention of optical fiber communications,the passive optical network(PON)was proposed by J.R.Stern and his colleagues at British Telecom in 1987.Following nearly four decades of development,PON serves as critical infrastructure in emerging network services,delivering ultra-high bandwidth and carrier-grade availability to power bandwidth-intensive future applications.G-PON and XG(S)-PON have gradually become the mainstream solutions for broadband access in the home,enterprise,and campus.The telecom operator has already begun commercially deploying50G-PON to enable 10G access for end-users.The standardization of Beyond 50G PON(B50G-PON)will soon be prioritized on the agendas of the International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Sector and European Telecommunication Standards Institute.In this paper,we introduce the history and development trends of PON,while also demonstrating the main architecture and key digital signal processing(DSP)algorithms for the 50G-PON,100G flexible-rate PON,and 200G flexible coherent PON.Future,faster technological evolution will accelerate the development of higher-speed PONs to deliver superior network access services. 展开更多
关键词 optical access passive optical network 50G and B50G digital signal processing coherent optics
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Intelligent Networking Technology and Experimental Demonstration of Large-Scale Heterogeneous Optical Networks 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 赵永利 张杰 +2 位作者 张民 纪越峰 顾畹仪 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2011年第7期12-20,共9页
A novel routing architecture named DREAMSCAPE is presented to solve the problem of path computation in multi-layer, multi-domain and multi-constraints scenarios, which includes Group Engine (GE) and Unit Engine (UE). ... A novel routing architecture named DREAMSCAPE is presented to solve the problem of path computation in multi-layer, multi-domain and multi-constraints scenarios, which includes Group Engine (GE) and Unit Engine (UE). GE, UE and their cooperation relationship form the main feature of DREAMSCAPE, i.e. Dual Routing Engine (DRE). Based on DRE, two routing schemes are proposed, which are DRE Forward Path Computation (DRE-FPC) and Hierarchical DRE Backward Recursive PCE-based Computation (HDRE-BRPC). In order to validate various intelligent networking technologies of large-scale heterogeneous optical networks, a DRE-based transport optical networks testbed is built with 1000 GMPLS-based control nodes and 5 optical transport nodes. The two proposed routing schemes, i.e. DRE-FPC and HDRE-BRPC, are validated on the testbed, compared with traditional Hierarchical Routing (HR) scheme. Experimental results show a good performance of DREAMSCAPE. 展开更多
关键词 optical networks DRE routing heterogeneous large-scale
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Optical network-on-chip (ONoC) architectures: a detailed analysis of optical router designs 认领 引用 被引量:2
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作者 Yasin Asadi 《Journal of Semiconductors》 EI CAS CSCD 2025年第3期12-47,共36页
Optical network-on-chip(ONoC) systems have emerged as a promising solution to overcome limitations of traditional electronic interconnects. Efficient ONoC architectures rely on optical routers, enabling high-speed dat... Optical network-on-chip(ONoC) systems have emerged as a promising solution to overcome limitations of traditional electronic interconnects. Efficient ONoC architectures rely on optical routers, enabling high-speed data transfer, efficient routing, and scalability. This paper presents a comprehensive survey analyzing optical router designs, specifically microring resonators(MRRs), Mach-Zehnder interferometers(MZIs), and hybrid architectures. Selected comparison criteria, chosen for their critical importance, significantly impact router functionality and performance. By emphasizing these criteria, valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of different designs are gained, facilitating informed decisions and advancements in optical networking. While other factors contribute to performance and efficiency, the chosen criteria consistently address fundamental elements, enabling meaningful evaluation. This work serves as a valuable resource for beginners, providing a solid foundation in understanding ONoC and optical routers. It also offers an in-depth survey for experts, laying the groundwork for further exploration. Additionally, the importance of considering design constraints and requirements when selecting an optimal router design is highlighted. Continued research and innovation will enable the development of efficient optical router solutions that meet the evolving needs of modern computing systems. This survey underscores the significance of ongoing advancements in the field and their potential impact on future technologies. 展开更多
关键词 optical network-on-chip(ONoC) optical routers microring resonators(MRRs) Mach−Zehnder interferometers(MZIs) optical networking scalability
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Nonlinear Interference-Aware Routing,Wavelength and Power Allocation in C+L+S Multi-Band Optical Networks 认领 引用 被引量:2
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作者 Zhang Xu Xie Wang +4 位作者 Feng Chuan Zeng Hankun Zhou Shanshan Zhang Fan Gong Xiaoxue 《China Communications》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第4期129-142,共14页
Multi-band optical networks are a potential technology for increasing network capacity.However,the strong interference and non-uniformity between wavelengths in multi-band optical networks have become a bottleneck res... Multi-band optical networks are a potential technology for increasing network capacity.However,the strong interference and non-uniformity between wavelengths in multi-band optical networks have become a bottleneck restricting the transmission capacity of multi-band optical networks.To overcome these challenges,it is particularly important to implement optical power optimization targeting wavelength differences.Therefore,based on the generalized Gaussian noise model,we first formulate an optimization model for the problems of routing,modulation format,wavelength,and power allocation in C+L+S multi-band optical networks.Our objective function is to maximize the average link capacity of the network while ensuring that the Optical Signal-to-Noise(OSNR)threshold of the service request is not exceeded.Next,we propose a NonLinear Interferenceaware(NLI-aware)routing,modulation format,wavelength,and power allocation algorithm.Finally,we conduct simulations under different test conditions.The simulation results indicate that our algorithm can effectively reduce the blocking probability by 23.5%and improve the average link capacity by 3.78%in C+L+S multi-band optical networks. 展开更多
关键词 multiband optical communications multiband optical networks power allocation wavelength assignment
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Effective Edge-Cloud Interplay for NFV-Based Optical Metro-Access Networks Supporting IoT Services 认领 引用 被引量:2
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作者 Jin Feiming Zhang Yukun +2 位作者 Li Hanxue Amr Tolba Zhang Tiantian 《China Communications》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第4期117-128,共12页
In optical metro-access networks,Access Points(APs)and Data Centers(DCs)are located on the fiber ring.In the cloud-centric solution,a large number of Internet of Things(IoT)data pose an enormous burden on DCs,so the V... In optical metro-access networks,Access Points(APs)and Data Centers(DCs)are located on the fiber ring.In the cloud-centric solution,a large number of Internet of Things(IoT)data pose an enormous burden on DCs,so the Virtual Machines(VMs)cannot be successfully launched due to the server overload.In addition,transferring the data from the AP to the remote DC may cause an undesirable delivery delay.For this end,we propose a promising solution considering the interplay between the cloud DC and edge APs.More specifically,bringing the partial capability of computing in APs close to things can reduce the pressure of DCs while guaranteeing the expected Quality of Service(QoS).In this work,when the cloud DC resource becomes limited,especially for delay sensitive but not computing-dependent IoT applications,we degrade their VMs and migrate them to edge APs instead of the remote DC.To avoid excessive VM degradation and computing offloading,we derive appropriate VM degradation coefficients based on classic microeconomic theory.Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithms improve the service providers'utility with the ratio from 34%to 89%over traditional cloud-centric solutions. 展开更多
关键词 computing offloading edge-cloud interplay network function virtualization optical metroaccess network service degradability
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DSP-free coherent receivers in frequency-synchronous optical networks for next-generation data center interconnects 认领 引用 被引量:2
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作者 Lei Liu Feng Liu +2 位作者 Cheng Peng Bo Xue William Shieh 《Advanced Photonics Nexus》 CSCD 2025年第3期141-148,共8页
Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communi... Propelled by the rise of artificial intelligence,cloud services,and data center applications,next-generation,low-power,local-oscillator-less,digital signal processing(DSP)-free,and short-reach coherent optical communication has evolved into an increasingly prominent area of research in recent years.Here,we demonstrate DSP-free coherent optical transmission by analog signal processing in frequency synchronous optical network(FSON)architecture,which supports polarization multiplexing and higher-order modulation formats.The FSON architecture that allows the numerous laser sources of optical transceivers within a data center can be quasi-synchronized by means of a tree-distributed homology architecture.In conjunction with our proposed pilot-tone assisted Costas loop for an analog coherent receiver,we achieve a record dual-polarization 224-Gb/s 16-QAM 5-km mismatch transmission with reset-free carrier phase recovery in the optical domain.Our proposed DSP-free analog coherent detection system based on the FSON makes it a promising solution for next-generation,low-power,and high-capacity coherent data center interconnects. 展开更多
关键词 digital signal processing-free data center interconnect frequency synchronous optical network analog signal processing
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Realization of Highly Reliable 10-20-Level Instability Optical Phase Transmission over a 1402-Kilometer Commercial Fiber-Optic Network 认领 引用
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作者 Yang Xu Libo Li +5 位作者 Kan Zhao Pingan Ma Zhiwei Zhang Qi Shen Faxi Chen Haifeng Jiang 《Chinese Physics Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第12期84-88,共5页
Optical phase transfer via fiber optics is the most effective method for optical frequency standard comparison on the scale below thousands of kilometers.However,the monotonic phase discrimination range of conventiona... Optical phase transfer via fiber optics is the most effective method for optical frequency standard comparison on the scale below thousands of kilometers.However,the monotonic phase discrimination range of conventional optical phase-locked loops is limited,and link delays restrict the control bandwidth,which makes it a challenge to achieve a continuously reliable optical link.This paper presents an event-timing-based phase detection method that overcomes the monotonic phase discrimination range limitation of conventional phase-locked loops through dual-edge timestamp recording,achieving an optical phase measurement resolution on the order of 10 attoseconds.With such a technique,we established a 7-segment-cascaded optical link over 1402km of commercial fiber while sharing dense wavelength division multiplexing(DWDM)channels with live telecom traffic.The system maintained continuous operation for 11.7 days without phase cycle slips despite encountering 15 km aerial fiber noise up to 21000 rad2·Hz−1·km−1at 1 Hz.Relative instabilities of the link are 3.7×10−15at 1 s and 3.9×10−20at 100000 s. 展开更多
关键词 fiber optics optical phase locked loops optical phase transfer event timing based phase detection link delays commercial fiber optic network optical frequency standard comparison monotonic phase discrimination range
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High-fidelity and compact topology architecture for large-scale reconfigurable linear optical networks 认领 引用
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作者 Shuai Lin Jinjie Zeng +2 位作者 Shuqing Lin Siyuan Yu Yanfeng Zhang 《Advanced Photonics Nexus》 CSCD 2025年第6期115-121,共7页
Reconfigurable linear optical networks based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)offer significant potential in optical information processing,particularly in emerging photonic quantum computing systems.However,device ... Reconfigurable linear optical networks based on Mach-Zehnder interferometer(MZI)offer significant potential in optical information processing,particularly in emerging photonic quantum computing systems.However,device losses and calibration errors accumulate as network complexity grows,posing challenges in performing precise mapping of matrix operations.Existing architectures,such as Diamond and Bokun,introduce MZI redundancy into Reck and Clements architectures to improve reliability,which increases complexity and differential path losses that limit scalability.We propose a compact topology architecture that achieves 100%fidelity by employing a symmetrical MZI to decouple optical loss from power ratio and introducing extra MZIs to enforce uniform loss distributions.This multi-level optimization enables direct monitoring pathways while supporting precise calibration,and it approaches theoretical fidelity in practical deployments with direct implications for scalable and fault-tolerant photonic computing systems. 展开更多
关键词 optical information processing photonic quantum computing optical loss linear optical network Mach-Zehnder interferometer topology architecture fidelity
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Protection path and security-metric-based resource allocation algorithm in quantum key distribution optical networks 认领 引用
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作者 Li Liu Shengtong Zhai +1 位作者 Yao Pu Xu Zhang 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第9期73-83,共11页
Quantum key distribution(QKD)optical networks can provide more secure communications.However,with the increase of the QKD path requests and key updates,network blocking problems will become severe.The blocking problem... Quantum key distribution(QKD)optical networks can provide more secure communications.However,with the increase of the QKD path requests and key updates,network blocking problems will become severe.The blocking problems in the network can become more severe because each fiber link has limited resources(such as wavelengths and time slots).In addition,QKD optical networks are also affected by external disturbances such as data interception and eavesdropping,resulting in inefficient network communication.In this paper,we exploit the idea of protection path to enhance the anti-interference ability of QKD optical network.By introducing the concept of security metric,we propose a routing wavelength and time slot allocation algorithm(RWTA)based on protection path,which can lessen the blocking problem of QKD optical network.According to simulation analysis,the security-metric-based RWTA algorithm(SM-RWTA)proposed in this paper can substantially improve the success rate of security key(SK)update and significantly reduce the blocking rate of the network.It can also improve the utilization rate of resources such as wavelengths and time slots.Compared with the non-security-metric-based RWTA algorithm(NSM-RWTA),our algorithm is robust and can enhance the anti-interference ability and security of QKD optical networks. 展开更多
关键词 quantum key distribution(QKD) optical network security metric protection path
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Resource Optimization in Elastic Optical Networks Using Threshold-Based Routing and Fragmentation-Aware Spectrum Allocation 认领 引用 被引量:1
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作者 Kamagaté Beman Hamidja Kanga Koffi +2 位作者 Coulibaly Kpinan Tiekoura Konaté Adama Michel Babri 《Open Journal of Applied Sciences》 2025年第1期168-186,共19页
This paper proposes an efficient strategy for resource utilization in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce connection blocking probability during Routing and Spectrum Allocatio... This paper proposes an efficient strategy for resource utilization in Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce connection blocking probability during Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA). The proposed method, Dynamic Threshold-Based Routing and Spectrum Allocation with Fragmentation Awareness (DT-RSAF), integrates rerouting and spectrum defragmentation as needed. By leveraging Yen’s shortest path algorithm, DT-RSAF enhances resource utilization while ensuring improved service continuity. A dynamic threshold mechanism enables the algorithm to adapt to varying network conditions, while its fragmentation awareness effectively mitigates spectrum fragmentation. Simulation results on NSFNET and COST 239 topologies demonstrate that DT-RSAF significantly outperforms methods such as K-Shortest Path Routing and Spectrum Allocation (KSP-RSA), Load Balanced and Fragmentation-Aware (LBFA), and the Invasive Weed Optimization-based RSA (IWO-RSA). Under heavy traffic, DT-RSAF reduces the blocking probability by up to 15% and achieves lower Bandwidth Fragmentation Ratios (BFR), ranging from 74% to 75%, compared to 77% - 80% for KSP-RSA, 75% - 77% for LBFA, and approximately 76% for IWO-RSA. DT-RSAF also demonstrated reasonable computation times compared to KSP-RSA, LBFA, and IWO-RSA. On a small-sized network, its computation time was 8710 times faster than that of Integer Linear Programming (ILP) on the same network topology. Additionally, it achieved a similar execution time to LBFA and outperformed IWO-RSA in terms of efficiency. These results highlight DT-RSAF’s capability to maintain large contiguous frequency blocks, making it highly effective for accommodating high-bandwidth requests in EONs while maintaining reasonable execution times. 展开更多
关键词 Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) Spectrum Fragmentation Routing and Spectrum Allocation (RSA) Connection Rerouting Heuristic
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Complexity-Reduced Equalization for 200 Gbit/s PON Downstream Systems Based on SSB Modulation and Direct Detection 认领 引用
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作者 Yang Tao Huang Xingang +3 位作者 Ma Zhuang Zhong Yiming Huang Xiatao Liu Bo 《ZTE Communications》 2026年第1期56-64,共9页
The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems wil... The 200 Gbit/s passive optical network(PON)is most likely to be the next-generation scheme following 50G PON.The costeffective direct detection(DD)system is the economical choice.However,larger-capacity DD systems will face much more serious power fading caused by chromatic dispersion(CD)combined with square-law DD and thereby significantly increases the complexity of equalization algorithms.In this paper,a 200 Gbit/s Nyquist 4-level pulse amplitude modulation(PAM4)single side-band(SSB)modulation-DD downlink scheme is designed,and a low complexity quadratic-nonlinear equalizer is proposed for this system.The computational complexity of the quadratic nonlinear equalizer is about 28%of that of the conventional Volterra nonlinear equalizer,while still exhibiting excellent nonlinear equalization ability.Simulation results for the 200 Gbit/s system with 20 km fiber transmission show that it can achieve a power budget of 29 dB,while a 30.4 dB power budget is obtained in the 50 Gbit/s experimental transmission. 展开更多
关键词 200 Gbit/s passive optical network single side band modulation direct detection equalization
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