The development of economical,highly efficient,and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)remains a critical focus in advancing rechargeab...The development of economical,highly efficient,and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)remains a critical focus in advancing rechargeable metal-air battery systems.Significant progress has been made in the design of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts,the development of novel oxygen electrode architectures,and the in-depth understanding of electrocatalytic mechanisms through combined experimental and computational studies.This work provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in design strategies for oxygen catalysts,including homogeneous electrodes,asymmetric electrodes,and biomimetic electrodes,are thoroughly discussed and summarized.Then,the advanced catalyst modification strategies for ORR/OER are summarized,focusing on critical factors such as enhancement effect of metalonmental and synergistic enhancement effect in multiple catalyst.Subsequently,a representative performance evaluation is presented,based on the reported oxygen electrodes used in rechargeable metal-air battery applications.By focusing on these key areas,the review outlines the current challenges and future prospects for the development of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts,aiming to guide the design of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.展开更多
The primary challenge in rechargeable Zn-air batteries lies in developing a catalyst capable of simultaneously improving performance for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)during discharge and oxygen evolution reaction(OER...The primary challenge in rechargeable Zn-air batteries lies in developing a catalyst capable of simultaneously improving performance for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)during discharge and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)during charge.Engineering spin configuration is essential for enhancing the intrinsic bifunctional activity and stability of spinel Co3O4.Herein,Cr3+is doped into Co3O4,inducing directional distortion of CoO_6 octahedron to modify crystal field splitting energy,pushing CoOhtoward intermediate-spin(IS)configuration(t2g5eg1)with optimized eg occupancy of 1.04.As a result,9%Cr-Co3O4demonstrates an excellent bifunctional activity and remarkable rechargeable Zn-air battery performance that even outperforms Pt/C+RuO2.Density functional theory(DFT)studies reveal that IS CoOhnot only regulates the adsorption energy of ORR/OER species but also transform the O2adsorption configuration from end-on to Griffith configuration,thus modifies the mechanisms of both ORR and OER process and optimize bifunctional activity and selectivity.This work provides mechanistic insight into the spin origin of ORR/OER catalysis and highlights a promising strategy for developing robust bifunctional electrocatalysts.展开更多
Lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries are perceived as a promising breakthrough in sustainable electrochemical energy storage,utilizing ambient air as an energy source,eliminating the need for costly cathode materials,and of...Lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries are perceived as a promising breakthrough in sustainable electrochemical energy storage,utilizing ambient air as an energy source,eliminating the need for costly cathode materials,and offering the highest theoretical energy density(~3.5 k Wh kg-1)among discussed candidates.Contributing to the poor cycle life of currently reported Li-O2cells is singlet oxygen(1O2)formation,inducing parasitic reactions,degrading key components,and severely deteriorating cell performance.Here,we harness the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect of chiral cobalt oxide nanosheets(Co3O4NSs)as cathode materials to suppress 1O2in Li-O2batteries for the first time.Operando photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a 3.7-fold and 3.23-fold reduction in 1O2during discharge and charge,respectively,compared to conventional carbon paperbased cells,consistent with differential electrochemical mass spectrometry results,which indicate a near-theoretical charge-to-O2ratio(2.04 e-/O2).Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that chirality induces a peak shift near the Fermi level,enhancing Co 3d-O 2p hybridization,stabilizing reaction intermediates,and lowering activation barriers for Li2O2formation and decomposition.These findings establish a new strategy for improving the stability and energy efficiency of sustainable Li-O2batteries,abridging the current gap to commercialization.展开更多
Developing efficient and durable electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is pivotal for advancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWEs),yet balancing activity and stability remains a fo...Developing efficient and durable electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is pivotal for advancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWEs),yet balancing activity and stability remains a formidable challenge.Herein,we propose a dual-engineering strategy to stabilize Ru-based catalysts by synergizing the oxygen vacancy site-synergized mechanism-lattice oxygen mechanism(OVSM-LOM)with Ru-N bond stabilization.The engineered RuO2@NCC catalyst exhibits exceptional OER performance in 0.5 M H2SO4,achieving an ultralow overpotential of 215 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and prolonged stability for over 327 h.The catalyst delivers 300 h of continuous operation at 1 A cm-2,with a negligible degradation rate of only 0.067 mV h-1,further demonstrating its potential for practical application.Oxygen vacancies unlock the OVSM-LOM pathway,bypassing the sluggish adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM)and accelerating reaction kinetics,while the Ru-N bonds suppress Ru dissolution by anchoring low-valent Ru centers.Quasi-in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and isotopic labeling experiments confirm the lattice oxygen participation with *O formation as the rate-determining step.The Ru-N bonds reinforce the structural integrity by stabilizing low-valent Ru centers and inhibiting overoxidation.Theoretical calculations further verify that the synergistic interaction between OVs and Ru-O(N)active sites optimizes the Ru d-band center and stabilizes intermediates,while Ru-N coordination enhances structural integrity.This study establishes a novel paradigm for designing robust acidic OER catalysts through defect and coordination engineering,bridging the gap between activity and stability for sustainable energy technologies.展开更多
Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution(OER)and reduction reactions(ORR)is key to further developing rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs).In this work,we demonstrate phosphorus-doped hol...Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution(OER)and reduction reactions(ORR)is key to further developing rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs).In this work,we demonstrate phosphorus-doped hollow cobalt pentlandite(P-Co9S8)nanocubes,derived from ZIF-67,which combine MOF-inherited porosity with phosphorus-induced electronic modulation,as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst.As a cathode catalyst,P-Co9S8achieves a high power density of 177 mW cm–1,a specific capacity of 775 mAh gZn–1,and remarkable cycling stability over 900 h.Comprehensive experiments and density functional theory show that P doping tunes the local coordination environment,optimizes the d-band center,and lowers reaction energy barriers,enabling fast,durable,and selective oxygen electrocatalysis.This study establishes a generalizable strategy for designing advanced chalcogenide-based electrocatalysts for next-generation energy storage devices.展开更多
The onset and progression of periodontitis are closely associated with subgingival dysbiosis and excessive localized oxidative stress.While some oral probiotics exhibit certain inhibitory effects on periodontitis-rela...The onset and progression of periodontitis are closely associated with subgingival dysbiosis and excessive localized oxidative stress.While some oral probiotics exhibit certain inhibitory effects on periodontitis-related pathogens,they often struggle to effectively colonize and antagonize these pathogens due to the complex oxidative stress at the site of periodontitis.In this study,we engineer Lactobacillus reuteri with a reactive oxygen species(ROS)-responsive adhesive polymer(phenylboric acid-dopamine-hyaluronic acid)(LR@PDH).In the periodontitis microenvironment,this polymer can consume ROS and then expose the phenolic hydroxyl group of dopamine,promoting the selective adhesion and colonization of Lactobacillus reuteri at the site of inflammation to antagonize pathogens.The results show that,compared to conventional probiotic therapy,inflammation-responsive adhesive Lactobacillus reuteri effectively alleviates local oxidative stress,reduces the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival microbiome,and inhibits the progression of periodontitis.Additionally,its good biocompatibility and safety highlight its potential as a therapeutic approach for clinical treatment of periodontitis.展开更多
Developing oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts that combine high performance with cost-effectiveness is a critical challenge for advancing the commercialization of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE)...Developing oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts that combine high performance with cost-effectiveness is a critical challenge for advancing the commercialization of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE).Practical application is often hindered by issues such as poor batch reproducibility and low-cost efficiency.To address these limitations,this study proposes a morphology-engineering strategy centered on oxygen vacancy modulation.Using nickel cobaltite as a model system,this strategy employs a low-cost,low-alkalinity solution medium and a gradient annealing process to achieve an optimal combination of tailored morphology and controlled oxygen vacancy concentration.Experimental characterization and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that an appropriate annealing temperature(400℃)effectively constructs active coordination sites,facilitates the proton-coupled electron transfer process,and thereby significantly enhances the OER performance.The performance loss after continuous operation for 112 h in the AEMWE single-cell device is negligible,highlighting its excellent uniformity and stability.This work not only confirms the crucial role of the oxygen-vacancy-modulated morphology-engineering strategy in improving the OER performance of spinel oxides but also provides important insights and a technical pathway for designing highly active catalysts suitable for practical water electrolysis systems.展开更多
Iron-group transition metal chalcogenides(IGTMCs)have emerged as promising electrocatalysts due to their tailorable electronic structures through composition engineering.This review summarizes the recent advancements ...Iron-group transition metal chalcogenides(IGTMCs)have emerged as promising electrocatalysts due to their tailorable electronic structures through composition engineering.This review summarizes the recent advancements in multi-component regulatory strategies employed in advanced IGTMC electrocatalysts,including anion substitution,cation doping,and the incorporation of zero-valent elements.Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of secondary and tertiary doping configurations,and chalcogen modulation in enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)of IGTMC electrocatalysts.Thus,regulating the electronic structure and optimizing the adsorption strengths on this family of materials are strategies to boost catalytic kinetics.Notably,dynamic surface reconstruction(e.g.,oxidation)of IGTMC electrocatalysts during the OER has recently attracted significant attention.Advanced in-situ/operando characterization insights into reconstruction phenomenon of IGTMC electrocatalysts for OER process are critically analyzed.Finally,the challenges and prospects of IGTMC electrocatalysts for ORR/OER electrocatalysis are outlined.展开更多
Zinc air batteries(ZABs)are a low-cost,high-energy density,and green sustainable energy storage device.At present,the main challenge in achieving large-scale application of ZABs is to develop low-cost and high-perform...Zinc air batteries(ZABs)are a low-cost,high-energy density,and green sustainable energy storage device.At present,the main challenge in achieving large-scale application of ZABs is to develop low-cost and high-performance bifunctional catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Compared with monometallic single-atom catalyst,the bimetallic single-atoms catalyst can effectively improve ORR/OER bifunctional activity,realize rapid charge transfer,and play a significant role in regulating the adsorption of oxygen intermediates.In this study,we design the novel Fe and Co bimetallic single-atoms coordinated by Te and N anchoring on N-doped carbon(NC)(denoted as FeNxTey/CoNxTey@NC)for the first time,serving as a bifunctional catalyst for ZABs.This innovative catalyst exhibits excellent bifunctional ORR/OER catalytic performance under alkaline conditions,achieving a high half-wave potential of 0.912 V for ORR and a low overpotential of 305 mV for OER at 10 mA cm-2.The FeNxTey/CoNxTey@NC-based ZABs realizes a high peak power density of 306.1 mW cm-2 and a large specific energy density of 773.2 mAh g-1.The experimental data show that the N-doped can achieve precise regulation of the structure and high-density distribution of atomic active sites in FeNxTey/CoNxTey@NC(idealized theoretical model is FeCoN6Te).The density functional theory calculations show that when the FeN4/CoN4 models(the synthesized catalyst denoted as FeNx/CoNx@NC)transforms into FeCoN6Te models,Te atoms regulate the local charge densities of Fe and Co on FeCoN6Te models and further promote the charge transfer between Fe and Co on FeCoN6Te models,which optimizes the adsorption energies of ORR/OER intermediates.The findings in this study will pave the way for the development of high-performance bimetallic single-atom catalysts for practical energy conversion applications.展开更多
The replacement of Pt/C catalysts with Pt-based alloy catalysts was considered a promising strategy to reduce platinum-group-metal(PGM)content in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.However,inexpensive transition metal...The replacement of Pt/C catalysts with Pt-based alloy catalysts was considered a promising strategy to reduce platinum-group-metal(PGM)content in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.However,inexpensive transition metal atoms in Pt-based alloy catalysts are subject to metal dissolution issues,leading to stability issues of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts.In this work,a PtCuNi/C-WO3-x catalyst is designed employing non-stoichiometric WO3-x with abundant oxygen vacancies(Ovac).The WO3-x can dramatically improve the stability of PtCuNi without sacrificing the activity.Theoretical calculation suggests a decreased vacancy formation energy of W in WO3-x at the presence of Ovac,as well as increased vacancy formation energies of Pt/Cu/Ni in PtCuNi alloy particles with the existence of surface W dopant.Combined with the experimental discovery of slower dissolution rates of metals in PtCuNi/C-WO3-x catalyst,a dissolution-induced stability enhancement mechanism is proposed,whereby facilitated dissolution of W atoms from WO3-x bulk could re-deposit on Pt-alloy surface and inhibit the dissolution of catalytically active metal atoms,revealing a dynamic process that enhances the stability.The PtCuNi/C-WO3-x also shows great potential to be used as cathode catalyst in membrane electrode assembly for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.展开更多
The irreversible oxygen redox(OR)in Li-rich layered cathodes leads to severe structural degradation and voltage decay,particularly under harsh operating conditions.Although high-entropy oxides(HEOs)offer enhanced stab...The irreversible oxygen redox(OR)in Li-rich layered cathodes leads to severe structural degradation and voltage decay,particularly under harsh operating conditions.Although high-entropy oxides(HEOs)offer enhanced stability compared to conventional doping modifications,rational element selection for optimizing OR reversibility remains unexplored.Here,we propose an entropy engineering design paradigm for “oxygen-anchoring”,where optimal cation electronegativity(>Mn,1.55)and d(3d/4d)-p orbital hybridization synergistically enhance transition metal–oxygen(TM–O)covalency and stabilize the O2p state.Two high-entropy Li-rich layered oxides:Li1.2Mn0.47Ni0.115Co0.115Mg0.02Ti0.02Al0.02Nb0.02Mo0.02O2(MTANM)and Li1.2Mn0.47Ni0.115Co0.115Mg0.02Ti0.02Cu0.02Nb0.02Mo0.02O2(MTCNM)were synthesized using partial nano-scale precursors and comparatively evaluated.MTCNM exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance and superior oxygen stability compared to MTANM by replacing Al with higher-electronegativity Cu,which possesses improved orbital overlap with oxygen.Both experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that element selection changes the covalency of TM–O through altered electronegativity and d orbitals-p orbitals(d-p)hybridization.Further stepwise screening selected the optimal elemental combination Li1.2Mn0.47Ni0.115Co0.115Cr0.02Cu0.02Nb0.02Mo0.02Ru0.02O2(CCNMR),which achieved near 100%capacity retention after 150 cycles at 1 C,50℃,with its voltage decay effectively suppressed.This work establishes a rational element-screening paradigm for entropy-stabilized OR chemistry in high-energy cathodes.展开更多
Crystalline perovskite oxides provide stability;however,their oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity may be limited by restricted surface accessibility and active sites.Amorphous surfaces enable high activity but ofte...Crystalline perovskite oxides provide stability;however,their oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity may be limited by restricted surface accessibility and active sites.Amorphous surfaces enable high activity but often lack long-term operational stability.Herein,we engineered the phase structure of the classic Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(BSCF)to boost OER activity and optimize operational stability.The ternary-phase BSCF demonstrates a low overpotential of 440 mV at 50 mA cm-2and exceptional stability,with negligible degradation over 100 h.Within the ternary-phase structure,the hexagonal-phase BSCF readily transforms into an amorphous,catalytically active layer of(oxy)hydroxides,as demonstrated by operando Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations that indicate a lower formation energy.Meanwhile,the cubic-phase BSCF provides remarkable structural robustness,suppressing surface reconstruction and maintaining high stability.Importantly,the synergy between the reconstructed surface and the cubic-phase bulk markedly increases surface and bulk oxygen vacancies,thereby yielding a rapid oxygen-ion diffusion coefficient(3.04 x 10-12cm2s-1)and accelerating OER kinetics via the lattice-oxygen mechanism.Additionally,zinc-air batteries utilizing the amorphous-crystalline heterostructures with abundant oxygen vacancies exhibit a low voltage gap of 0.81 V between charging and discharging and sustain cycling stability for over 300 h at 10 mA cm-2.This phase engineering strategy simultaneously maximizes both bulk stability and surface reactivity,and the principles underlying this approach may be extended to other promising perovskite electrocatalysts.展开更多
Oxygen vacancy engineering in heterogeneous catalysts has attracted considerable interest for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation.In this study,nano-Co3O4-encapsulated montmorillonite catalysts with tunable oxygen ...Oxygen vacancy engineering in heterogeneous catalysts has attracted considerable interest for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation.In this study,nano-Co3O4-encapsulated montmorillonite catalysts with tunable oxygen vacancy(OV)concentrations(denoted as Co3O4−Mt-xOV,x=2,4,6)were synthesized for enhanced PMS activation.These OV defects not only modulate the electronic structure of Co3O4but also strengthen PMS and contaminant adsorption.The optimized Co3O4−Mt-xOV/PMS system exhibited exceptional ofloxacin(OFL)degradation efficiency,achieving 2.74–3.43-fold enhancement over OV-free Co3O4−Mt.Density functional theory calculations and experimental studies revealed that the performance improvement stemmed from OV formation,which synergistically enhanced redox pair cycling,strengthened PMS adsorption,and promoted active species generation during electron transfer.Further studies demonstrated that OV sites selectively drive PMS decomposition to generate high-valent cobalt-oxo species(Co(Ⅳ)=O)and singlet oxygen(1O2)as the dominant reactive species for OFL oxidation.The in-depth investigation into the catalytic mechanism revealed that the Co(Ⅳ)=O species facilitated O2•−generation in surpassing the reaction energy barrier,which subsequently converted to1O2.This non-radical pathway endowed the system with robust anti-interference capability against complex water matrices.The critical role of OV in PMS activation was mechanistically confirmed through experimental and theoretical analyses.Furthermore,Co3O4−Mt-4OV demonstrated outstanding chemical stability and recyclability,highlighting its practical potential.This work provides fundamental insights into vacancy defect engineering for advanced PMS activation and offers strategic guidance for designing high-performance catalysts.展开更多
Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and effic...Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and efficient energy technologies,are constrained in their performance enhancement by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics at the cathode,anode CO poisoning(e.g.,from methanol crossover)and intricate water management dilemmas[1].展开更多
The reaction pathway plays a pivotal role in determining the catalytic activity of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,regulating the microscopic reaction pathway through interface construction remains a signif...The reaction pathway plays a pivotal role in determining the catalytic activity of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,regulating the microscopic reaction pathway through interface construction remains a significant challenge.In this study,an interface between amorphous rare earth hydroxides and crystalline spinel NiCo2O4was constructed via selective oxidation.The interface structural units accelerate reconstruction,leading to enhanced catalytic activity,which was observed by in situ Raman spectroscopy.The amorphous RE(OH)3(RE=Y and Eu)optimize asymmetric Ni-Co dual-sites,thereby altering the OER reaction pathway.Specifically,Y(OH)3/NiCo2O4operates through the lattice oxygen mechanism(LOM)at the expense of structural stability,whereas Eu(OH)3/NiCo2O4follows the oxygen pathway mechanism(OPM),preserving both catalytic activity and stability.This study offers a novel approach to controlling reaction pathways and proposes a new strategy for interface construction using rare earth hydroxides.展开更多
Designing effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for the advancement of water electrolysis.Herein,iridium-doped CoSe2(Ir–CoSe2)nanobelts wi...Designing effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for the advancement of water electrolysis.Herein,iridium-doped CoSe2(Ir–CoSe2)nanobelts with tailored d-band center are designed to boost both HER and OER in alkaline electrolytes.On the one hand,the adsorption ability of H2O and hydrogen on Ir–CoSe2 is increased due to the upshifted d-band center induced by the electron transfer from CoSe2 to Ir,inducing good HER activity with an overpotential of 126 mV at 10 mA cm-2.On the other hand,the upshifted d-band center of Ir–CoSe2 facilitates the H2O adsorption and ensures the effective exposure of real active sites,resulting in good OER activity with an overpotential of 239 mV at 10 mA cm-2.Meanwhile,when using Ir–CoSe2 as catalysts for alkaline overall water splitting on both HER and OER,a lower voltage of 1.57 V at 10 mA cm-2 is achieved,indicating a good activity and great potential for practical water electrolysis.This work gives an effective method for the rational design of electrocatalysts with customized d-band structures for bifunctional catalysis.展开更多
Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation...Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO2)for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO2 levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.展开更多
The development of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)remains a challenging task for improving the efficiency of fuel cells.Although Pt and Pt-transition metal alloy-based ...The development of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)remains a challenging task for improving the efficiency of fuel cells.Although Pt and Pt-transition metal alloy-based catalysts stand out as practical choices,they suffer from poor Pt utilization and stability.In this regard,highly electrically conducting,purely metallic,hierarchical 3D-porous,and nanowire aerogels as self-supported electrocatalysts have gained interest in recent decades.Metal aerogels are regarded as efficient catalytic materials,especially for electrocatalysis,as they integrate the unique features of both metallic and porous aerogels.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent progress in metal aerogel catalysts for ORR.Metal aerogel catalysts exhibit excellent ORR activity due to their high intrinsic activity arising from excellent Pt utilization and the exposure of active sites due to their metallic nature.Owing to their high Pt utilization,several noble metal aerogel catalysts were found to exhibit higher mass activity than traditional Pt/C catalysts and a mass activity target of 440 A per g Pt at 0.9 V vs.RHE,suggesting the high potential of metal aerogels as ORR catalysts in fuel cells.Herein,we summarize the recent benchmark research outcomes of metal aerogel catalysts for the ORR,their effects on the microstructure of catalyst layers,fuel cell performance,and cutting-edge modifications of recently reported metal aerogel catalysts.We systematically review the various aspects of metal aerogel catalyst synthesis,their advantages over traditional Pt/C catalysts,and ORR kinetics,and provide future research directions and recommendations to further improve and integrate metal aerogel catalysts into realistic fuel cells.展开更多
In igneous-intruded coal seams,coal undergoes significant metamorphism,which critically alters its pore structure and oxygen consumption dynamics,thereby elevating its spontaneous combustion tendency.This study invest...In igneous-intruded coal seams,coal undergoes significant metamorphism,which critically alters its pore structure and oxygen consumption dynamics,thereby elevating its spontaneous combustion tendency.This study investigates the specific surface area,pore volume,structure complexity/connectivity,heterogeneity/local features of pore size distribution,and oxygen consumption dynamics of igneous metamorphic coal through N2/CO2 isothermal adsorption tests and low-temperature oxidation experiments,and elucidates the influence mechanisms of pore structure evolution on oxygen consumption dynamics during low-temperature oxidation.With increasing metamorphic degree,igneous metamorphic coal exhibits a more pronounced reduction in specific surface area during oxidation,while the increase in structure complexity due to coal-oxygen reactions is suppressed.Thermally metamorphic coal demonstrates accelerated oxygen consumption,with oxidation amplifying the difference in reaction rates compared to raw coal.Key mechanisms include oxidation-induced reduction in mesopore complexity and micropore volume,decreased dominance of small-pore-volume apertures,and increased heterogeneity,collectively leading to a lower half-oxygen-consuming temperature and steeper oxygen consumption curves.Simultaneously,increased pore volume/complexity and reduced uniformity/connectivity act synergistically to enhance oxygen consumption capacity,highlighting the coupling between pore structure evolution and oxidation behavior in igneous metamorphic coal.This study provides theoretical insights into the pore-oxygen coupling mechanisms governing coal spontaneous combustion in igneous intrusion areas.展开更多
Oxygen(O)doping is a promising strategy for enhancing the air stability and lithium metal compatibility of sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs).However,the impact of various O sources on the structure and properties of...Oxygen(O)doping is a promising strategy for enhancing the air stability and lithium metal compatibility of sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs).However,the impact of various O sources on the structure and properties of SSEs remains unclear.In this study,we synthesized a series of O-doped electrolytes,Li5.5PS4.5-xOxCl1.5(LPSCOx,0.1≤x≤0.5),using Li2O and P2O5as O sources,and systematically investigated their differences in structure,air stability,and electrochemical properties.O preferentially substitutes sulfur(S)at the 16e site and begins to replace S at the 4d site once a certain O concentration is reached.Notably,the P2O5-doped electrolytes(P-LPSCOx)exhibit a greater oxygen tolerance content(0.24)at the 16e site,along with better air stability,higher ionic conductivity,and superior lithium metal compatibility.XRD,SEM,and XPS analyses reveal that the P2O5-doped electrolytes exhibit larger cell parameters,higher densification,and fewer side reactions with lithium metal compared to the Li2O-doped counterparts.This study provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance O-doped sulfide electrolytes.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302084)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFE0138900)+1 种基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2232025D-24)the Qin Shen Scholar Program of Jiaxing University。
摘要The development of economical,highly efficient,and stable bifunctional electrocatalysts for both the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)remains a critical focus in advancing rechargeable metal-air battery systems.Significant progress has been made in the design of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts,the development of novel oxygen electrode architectures,and the in-depth understanding of electrocatalytic mechanisms through combined experimental and computational studies.This work provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements in design strategies for oxygen catalysts,including homogeneous electrodes,asymmetric electrodes,and biomimetic electrodes,are thoroughly discussed and summarized.Then,the advanced catalyst modification strategies for ORR/OER are summarized,focusing on critical factors such as enhancement effect of metalonmental and synergistic enhancement effect in multiple catalyst.Subsequently,a representative performance evaluation is presented,based on the reported oxygen electrodes used in rechargeable metal-air battery applications.By focusing on these key areas,the review outlines the current challenges and future prospects for the development of bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts,aiming to guide the design of high-performance bifunctional electrocatalysts and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179032,51871088,51771068,52171176)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province(No.B2021202011)。
摘要The primary challenge in rechargeable Zn-air batteries lies in developing a catalyst capable of simultaneously improving performance for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)during discharge and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)during charge.Engineering spin configuration is essential for enhancing the intrinsic bifunctional activity and stability of spinel Co3O4.Herein,Cr3+is doped into Co3O4,inducing directional distortion of CoO_6 octahedron to modify crystal field splitting energy,pushing CoOhtoward intermediate-spin(IS)configuration(t2g5eg1)with optimized eg occupancy of 1.04.As a result,9%Cr-Co3O4demonstrates an excellent bifunctional activity and remarkable rechargeable Zn-air battery performance that even outperforms Pt/C+RuO2.Density functional theory(DFT)studies reveal that IS CoOhnot only regulates the adsorption energy of ORR/OER species but also transform the O2adsorption configuration from end-on to Griffith configuration,thus modifies the mechanisms of both ORR and OER process and optimize bifunctional activity and selectivity.This work provides mechanistic insight into the spin origin of ORR/OER catalysis and highlights a promising strategy for developing robust bifunctional electrocatalysts.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program(Priority Research Institute)through the NRF of Korea funded by the Ministry of Education(2021R1A6A1A10039823)by the Korea Basic Science Institute(National Research Facilities and Equipment Center)grant funded by the Ministry of Education(2020R1A6C101B194)。
摘要Lithium-oxygen(Li-O2)batteries are perceived as a promising breakthrough in sustainable electrochemical energy storage,utilizing ambient air as an energy source,eliminating the need for costly cathode materials,and offering the highest theoretical energy density(~3.5 k Wh kg-1)among discussed candidates.Contributing to the poor cycle life of currently reported Li-O2cells is singlet oxygen(1O2)formation,inducing parasitic reactions,degrading key components,and severely deteriorating cell performance.Here,we harness the chirality-induced spin selectivity effect of chiral cobalt oxide nanosheets(Co3O4NSs)as cathode materials to suppress 1O2in Li-O2batteries for the first time.Operando photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a 3.7-fold and 3.23-fold reduction in 1O2during discharge and charge,respectively,compared to conventional carbon paperbased cells,consistent with differential electrochemical mass spectrometry results,which indicate a near-theoretical charge-to-O2ratio(2.04 e-/O2).Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that chirality induces a peak shift near the Fermi level,enhancing Co 3d-O 2p hybridization,stabilizing reaction intermediates,and lowering activation barriers for Li2O2formation and decomposition.These findings establish a new strategy for improving the stability and energy efficiency of sustainable Li-O2batteries,abridging the current gap to commercialization.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12305373 and 52276220)the Guangzhou Basic Research Program(No.SL2024A04J00234).
摘要Developing efficient and durable electrocatalysts for acidic oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is pivotal for advancing proton exchange membrane water electrolysis(PEMWEs),yet balancing activity and stability remains a formidable challenge.Herein,we propose a dual-engineering strategy to stabilize Ru-based catalysts by synergizing the oxygen vacancy site-synergized mechanism-lattice oxygen mechanism(OVSM-LOM)with Ru-N bond stabilization.The engineered RuO2@NCC catalyst exhibits exceptional OER performance in 0.5 M H2SO4,achieving an ultralow overpotential of 215 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and prolonged stability for over 327 h.The catalyst delivers 300 h of continuous operation at 1 A cm-2,with a negligible degradation rate of only 0.067 mV h-1,further demonstrating its potential for practical application.Oxygen vacancies unlock the OVSM-LOM pathway,bypassing the sluggish adsorbate evolution mechanism(AEM)and accelerating reaction kinetics,while the Ru-N bonds suppress Ru dissolution by anchoring low-valent Ru centers.Quasi-in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS),and isotopic labeling experiments confirm the lattice oxygen participation with *O formation as the rate-determining step.The Ru-N bonds reinforce the structural integrity by stabilizing low-valent Ru centers and inhibiting overoxidation.Theoretical calculations further verify that the synergistic interaction between OVs and Ru-O(N)active sites optimizes the Ru d-band center and stabilizes intermediates,while Ru-N coordination enhances structural integrity.This study establishes a novel paradigm for designing robust acidic OER catalysts through defect and coordination engineering,bridging the gap between activity and stability for sustainable energy technologies.
摘要Developing high-performance electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution(OER)and reduction reactions(ORR)is key to further developing rechargeable zinc-air batteries(ZABs).In this work,we demonstrate phosphorus-doped hollow cobalt pentlandite(P-Co9S8)nanocubes,derived from ZIF-67,which combine MOF-inherited porosity with phosphorus-induced electronic modulation,as a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst.As a cathode catalyst,P-Co9S8achieves a high power density of 177 mW cm–1,a specific capacity of 775 mAh gZn–1,and remarkable cycling stability over 900 h.Comprehensive experiments and density functional theory show that P doping tunes the local coordination environment,optimizes the d-band center,and lowers reaction energy barriers,enabling fast,durable,and selective oxygen electrocatalysis.This study establishes a generalizable strategy for designing advanced chalcogenide-based electrocatalysts for next-generation energy storage devices.
基金financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82301154,82471018,and 82271010)The Interdisciplinary Research Project of School of Stomatology Wuhan University(XNJC202307)。
摘要The onset and progression of periodontitis are closely associated with subgingival dysbiosis and excessive localized oxidative stress.While some oral probiotics exhibit certain inhibitory effects on periodontitis-related pathogens,they often struggle to effectively colonize and antagonize these pathogens due to the complex oxidative stress at the site of periodontitis.In this study,we engineer Lactobacillus reuteri with a reactive oxygen species(ROS)-responsive adhesive polymer(phenylboric acid-dopamine-hyaluronic acid)(LR@PDH).In the periodontitis microenvironment,this polymer can consume ROS and then expose the phenolic hydroxyl group of dopamine,promoting the selective adhesion and colonization of Lactobacillus reuteri at the site of inflammation to antagonize pathogens.The results show that,compared to conventional probiotic therapy,inflammation-responsive adhesive Lactobacillus reuteri effectively alleviates local oxidative stress,reduces the abundance of pathogenic bacteria in the subgingival microbiome,and inhibits the progression of periodontitis.Additionally,its good biocompatibility and safety highlight its potential as a therapeutic approach for clinical treatment of periodontitis.
基金financially supported by the Program for Outstanding Middle-Aged and Young Scientific and Technological Innovation Teams in Higher Education Institutions of Hubei Province(Grant T2024023)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(Grant 2023AFB052)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant 2021YFB3800400)Hubei Xinmingfengsi Technology Co.,Ltd(Grant HX2025045)Hubei Superior and Distinctive Discipline Group of"New Energy Vehicle and Smart Transportation"。
摘要Developing oxygen evolution reaction(OER)catalysts that combine high performance with cost-effectiveness is a critical challenge for advancing the commercialization of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis(AEMWE).Practical application is often hindered by issues such as poor batch reproducibility and low-cost efficiency.To address these limitations,this study proposes a morphology-engineering strategy centered on oxygen vacancy modulation.Using nickel cobaltite as a model system,this strategy employs a low-cost,low-alkalinity solution medium and a gradient annealing process to achieve an optimal combination of tailored morphology and controlled oxygen vacancy concentration.Experimental characterization and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that an appropriate annealing temperature(400℃)effectively constructs active coordination sites,facilitates the proton-coupled electron transfer process,and thereby significantly enhances the OER performance.The performance loss after continuous operation for 112 h in the AEMWE single-cell device is negligible,highlighting its excellent uniformity and stability.This work not only confirms the crucial role of the oxygen-vacancy-modulated morphology-engineering strategy in improving the OER performance of spinel oxides but also provides important insights and a technical pathway for designing highly active catalysts suitable for practical water electrolysis systems.
摘要Iron-group transition metal chalcogenides(IGTMCs)have emerged as promising electrocatalysts due to their tailorable electronic structures through composition engineering.This review summarizes the recent advancements in multi-component regulatory strategies employed in advanced IGTMC electrocatalysts,including anion substitution,cation doping,and the incorporation of zero-valent elements.Particular emphasis is placed on the roles of secondary and tertiary doping configurations,and chalcogen modulation in enhancing the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)of IGTMC electrocatalysts.Thus,regulating the electronic structure and optimizing the adsorption strengths on this family of materials are strategies to boost catalytic kinetics.Notably,dynamic surface reconstruction(e.g.,oxidation)of IGTMC electrocatalysts during the OER has recently attracted significant attention.Advanced in-situ/operando characterization insights into reconstruction phenomenon of IGTMC electrocatalysts for OER process are critically analyzed.Finally,the challenges and prospects of IGTMC electrocatalysts for ORR/OER electrocatalysis are outlined.
摘要Zinc air batteries(ZABs)are a low-cost,high-energy density,and green sustainable energy storage device.At present,the main challenge in achieving large-scale application of ZABs is to develop low-cost and high-performance bifunctional catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction(OER)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Compared with monometallic single-atom catalyst,the bimetallic single-atoms catalyst can effectively improve ORR/OER bifunctional activity,realize rapid charge transfer,and play a significant role in regulating the adsorption of oxygen intermediates.In this study,we design the novel Fe and Co bimetallic single-atoms coordinated by Te and N anchoring on N-doped carbon(NC)(denoted as FeNxTey/CoNxTey@NC)for the first time,serving as a bifunctional catalyst for ZABs.This innovative catalyst exhibits excellent bifunctional ORR/OER catalytic performance under alkaline conditions,achieving a high half-wave potential of 0.912 V for ORR and a low overpotential of 305 mV for OER at 10 mA cm-2.The FeNxTey/CoNxTey@NC-based ZABs realizes a high peak power density of 306.1 mW cm-2 and a large specific energy density of 773.2 mAh g-1.The experimental data show that the N-doped can achieve precise regulation of the structure and high-density distribution of atomic active sites in FeNxTey/CoNxTey@NC(idealized theoretical model is FeCoN6Te).The density functional theory calculations show that when the FeN4/CoN4 models(the synthesized catalyst denoted as FeNx/CoNx@NC)transforms into FeCoN6Te models,Te atoms regulate the local charge densities of Fe and Co on FeCoN6Te models and further promote the charge transfer between Fe and Co on FeCoN6Te models,which optimizes the adsorption energies of ORR/OER intermediates.The findings in this study will pave the way for the development of high-performance bimetallic single-atom catalysts for practical energy conversion applications.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52171199,22479011 and 52211530442)。
摘要The replacement of Pt/C catalysts with Pt-based alloy catalysts was considered a promising strategy to reduce platinum-group-metal(PGM)content in proton exchange membrane fuel cell.However,inexpensive transition metal atoms in Pt-based alloy catalysts are subject to metal dissolution issues,leading to stability issues of oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalysts.In this work,a PtCuNi/C-WO3-x catalyst is designed employing non-stoichiometric WO3-x with abundant oxygen vacancies(Ovac).The WO3-x can dramatically improve the stability of PtCuNi without sacrificing the activity.Theoretical calculation suggests a decreased vacancy formation energy of W in WO3-x at the presence of Ovac,as well as increased vacancy formation energies of Pt/Cu/Ni in PtCuNi alloy particles with the existence of surface W dopant.Combined with the experimental discovery of slower dissolution rates of metals in PtCuNi/C-WO3-x catalyst,a dissolution-induced stability enhancement mechanism is proposed,whereby facilitated dissolution of W atoms from WO3-x bulk could re-deposit on Pt-alloy surface and inhibit the dissolution of catalytically active metal atoms,revealing a dynamic process that enhances the stability.The PtCuNi/C-WO3-x also shows great potential to be used as cathode catalyst in membrane electrode assembly for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(no.52172209)the Shenzhen International Cooperative Research Project(GJHZ20240218113607014)。
摘要The irreversible oxygen redox(OR)in Li-rich layered cathodes leads to severe structural degradation and voltage decay,particularly under harsh operating conditions.Although high-entropy oxides(HEOs)offer enhanced stability compared to conventional doping modifications,rational element selection for optimizing OR reversibility remains unexplored.Here,we propose an entropy engineering design paradigm for “oxygen-anchoring”,where optimal cation electronegativity(>Mn,1.55)and d(3d/4d)-p orbital hybridization synergistically enhance transition metal–oxygen(TM–O)covalency and stabilize the O2p state.Two high-entropy Li-rich layered oxides:Li1.2Mn0.47Ni0.115Co0.115Mg0.02Ti0.02Al0.02Nb0.02Mo0.02O2(MTANM)and Li1.2Mn0.47Ni0.115Co0.115Mg0.02Ti0.02Cu0.02Nb0.02Mo0.02O2(MTCNM)were synthesized using partial nano-scale precursors and comparatively evaluated.MTCNM exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance and superior oxygen stability compared to MTANM by replacing Al with higher-electronegativity Cu,which possesses improved orbital overlap with oxygen.Both experiments and density functional theory(DFT)calculations demonstrate that element selection changes the covalency of TM–O through altered electronegativity and d orbitals-p orbitals(d-p)hybridization.Further stepwise screening selected the optimal elemental combination Li1.2Mn0.47Ni0.115Co0.115Cr0.02Cu0.02Nb0.02Mo0.02Ru0.02O2(CCNMR),which achieved near 100%capacity retention after 150 cycles at 1 C,50℃,with its voltage decay effectively suppressed.This work establishes a rational element-screening paradigm for entropy-stabilized OR chemistry in high-energy cathodes.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22178144 and No.51702125)。
摘要Crystalline perovskite oxides provide stability;however,their oxygen evolution reaction(OER)activity may be limited by restricted surface accessibility and active sites.Amorphous surfaces enable high activity but often lack long-term operational stability.Herein,we engineered the phase structure of the classic Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-δ(BSCF)to boost OER activity and optimize operational stability.The ternary-phase BSCF demonstrates a low overpotential of 440 mV at 50 mA cm-2and exceptional stability,with negligible degradation over 100 h.Within the ternary-phase structure,the hexagonal-phase BSCF readily transforms into an amorphous,catalytically active layer of(oxy)hydroxides,as demonstrated by operando Raman spectroscopy and theoretical calculations that indicate a lower formation energy.Meanwhile,the cubic-phase BSCF provides remarkable structural robustness,suppressing surface reconstruction and maintaining high stability.Importantly,the synergy between the reconstructed surface and the cubic-phase bulk markedly increases surface and bulk oxygen vacancies,thereby yielding a rapid oxygen-ion diffusion coefficient(3.04 x 10-12cm2s-1)and accelerating OER kinetics via the lattice-oxygen mechanism.Additionally,zinc-air batteries utilizing the amorphous-crystalline heterostructures with abundant oxygen vacancies exhibit a low voltage gap of 0.81 V between charging and discharging and sustain cycling stability for over 300 h at 10 mA cm-2.This phase engineering strategy simultaneously maximizes both bulk stability and surface reactivity,and the principles underlying this approach may be extended to other promising perovskite electrocatalysts.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22476116,52074176,52400090)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2024ME156,ZR2024QB138)Qingdao Natural Science Foundation(No.24-4-4-zrjj-70-jch).
摘要Oxygen vacancy engineering in heterogeneous catalysts has attracted considerable interest for peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation.In this study,nano-Co3O4-encapsulated montmorillonite catalysts with tunable oxygen vacancy(OV)concentrations(denoted as Co3O4−Mt-xOV,x=2,4,6)were synthesized for enhanced PMS activation.These OV defects not only modulate the electronic structure of Co3O4but also strengthen PMS and contaminant adsorption.The optimized Co3O4−Mt-xOV/PMS system exhibited exceptional ofloxacin(OFL)degradation efficiency,achieving 2.74–3.43-fold enhancement over OV-free Co3O4−Mt.Density functional theory calculations and experimental studies revealed that the performance improvement stemmed from OV formation,which synergistically enhanced redox pair cycling,strengthened PMS adsorption,and promoted active species generation during electron transfer.Further studies demonstrated that OV sites selectively drive PMS decomposition to generate high-valent cobalt-oxo species(Co(Ⅳ)=O)and singlet oxygen(1O2)as the dominant reactive species for OFL oxidation.The in-depth investigation into the catalytic mechanism revealed that the Co(Ⅳ)=O species facilitated O2•−generation in surpassing the reaction energy barrier,which subsequently converted to1O2.This non-radical pathway endowed the system with robust anti-interference capability against complex water matrices.The critical role of OV in PMS activation was mechanistically confirmed through experimental and theoretical analyses.Furthermore,Co3O4−Mt-4OV demonstrated outstanding chemical stability and recyclability,highlighting its practical potential.This work provides fundamental insights into vacancy defect engineering for advanced PMS activation and offers strategic guidance for designing high-performance catalysts.
摘要Covalent organic framework ionomers enable synergistic efficient transport of protons and oxygen in medium-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),as clean and efficient energy technologies,are constrained in their performance enhancement by the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)kinetics at the cathode,anode CO poisoning(e.g.,from methanol crossover)and intricate water management dilemmas[1].
基金Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFA1501101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22425105,22221001,22271124,22471103,22201111)+3 种基金the 111 Project(B2007)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by CAST(2023QNRC001)Science and Technology Major Plan of Gansu Province(24ZD13GA015,23ZDGA012,23ZDKA014)the Natural Science Foundation Key Project of Gansu Province(24JRRA394)
摘要The reaction pathway plays a pivotal role in determining the catalytic activity of the oxygen evolution reaction(OER).However,regulating the microscopic reaction pathway through interface construction remains a significant challenge.In this study,an interface between amorphous rare earth hydroxides and crystalline spinel NiCo2O4was constructed via selective oxidation.The interface structural units accelerate reconstruction,leading to enhanced catalytic activity,which was observed by in situ Raman spectroscopy.The amorphous RE(OH)3(RE=Y and Eu)optimize asymmetric Ni-Co dual-sites,thereby altering the OER reaction pathway.Specifically,Y(OH)3/NiCo2O4operates through the lattice oxygen mechanism(LOM)at the expense of structural stability,whereas Eu(OH)3/NiCo2O4follows the oxygen pathway mechanism(OPM),preserving both catalytic activity and stability.This study offers a novel approach to controlling reaction pathways and proposes a new strategy for interface construction using rare earth hydroxides.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22279036)the Innovation and Talent Recruitment Base of New Energy Chemistry and Device(No.B21003).
摘要Designing effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER)and oxygen evolution reaction(OER)is essential for the advancement of water electrolysis.Herein,iridium-doped CoSe2(Ir–CoSe2)nanobelts with tailored d-band center are designed to boost both HER and OER in alkaline electrolytes.On the one hand,the adsorption ability of H2O and hydrogen on Ir–CoSe2 is increased due to the upshifted d-band center induced by the electron transfer from CoSe2 to Ir,inducing good HER activity with an overpotential of 126 mV at 10 mA cm-2.On the other hand,the upshifted d-band center of Ir–CoSe2 facilitates the H2O adsorption and ensures the effective exposure of real active sites,resulting in good OER activity with an overpotential of 239 mV at 10 mA cm-2.Meanwhile,when using Ir–CoSe2 as catalysts for alkaline overall water splitting on both HER and OER,a lower voltage of 1.57 V at 10 mA cm-2 is achieved,indicating a good activity and great potential for practical water electrolysis.This work gives an effective method for the rational design of electrocatalysts with customized d-band structures for bifunctional catalysis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62325112)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC2411700,2023YFC2411705)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2023)the National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding(2022-PUMCH-C-009,2022-PUMCH-B-064,2022-PUMCH-D-002)the National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program,2014CB541801).
摘要Conventional ultrasound(US)evaluation of enthesitis in psoriatic arthritis(PsA)is limited by its inability to quantify metabolic alterations such as hypoxia,a key driver of disease activity.We introduce an oxygenation-integrated multimodal photoacoustic/ultrasound(PA/US)imaging framework designed to quantify entheseal oxygen saturation(SO2)for assessing entheseal disease activity in PsA.In this cross-sectional study,25 PsA patients underwent bilateral PA/US imaging of 12 entheses,where ultrasound lesions were scored using the Outcome Measures in Rheumatology scoring system,and PA-derived SO2 levels,quantified via dual-wavelength PA imaging,were classified into hyperoxia or hypoxia groups using k-means clustering.This approach provides metabolic insights complementary to conventional ultrasonic assessment.A composite score integrating hypoxia with US parameters was validated against clinical disease activity indices(Disease Activity Score 28-C-reactive protein,DAS28-CRP;Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis,DAPSA).Among 300 entheses,103(34.3%)exhibited PA positivity,with 40(38.8%)classified as hypoxia.Hypoxia scores independently predicted DAS28-CRP(β=0.618,p=0.001)and DAPSA(β=0.612,p<0:001).The hypoxia-optimized PAUS score demonstrated superior correlation with disease activity indices compared to conventional US(DAS28-CRP:r=0.615,p=0.001 versus r=0.474,p=0.017;DAPSA:r=0.743,p<0:001 versus r=0.567,p=0.003),alongside superior diagnostic accuracy for minimal disease activity(area under the curve,AUC 0.776 versus 0.614,p=0.008)and low disease activity(AUC 0.853 versus 0.772,p=0.009).This multimodal scoring system enhances the stratification of PsA disease activity by providing unique metabolic insights,offering a potential tool for therapeutic monitoring and guiding treat-to-target strategies.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)and funded by the Korean Government,Ministry of Science and ICT(MSIT)(No.2021R1F1A1046648),Republic of Koreapartially supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2021R1F1A1061143)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12564010)the General Project of Ganzhou Municipal Key Research and Development Program,China(No.2023PCG17009)。
摘要The development of highly active and stable electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)remains a challenging task for improving the efficiency of fuel cells.Although Pt and Pt-transition metal alloy-based catalysts stand out as practical choices,they suffer from poor Pt utilization and stability.In this regard,highly electrically conducting,purely metallic,hierarchical 3D-porous,and nanowire aerogels as self-supported electrocatalysts have gained interest in recent decades.Metal aerogels are regarded as efficient catalytic materials,especially for electrocatalysis,as they integrate the unique features of both metallic and porous aerogels.In this review,we provide an overview of the recent progress in metal aerogel catalysts for ORR.Metal aerogel catalysts exhibit excellent ORR activity due to their high intrinsic activity arising from excellent Pt utilization and the exposure of active sites due to their metallic nature.Owing to their high Pt utilization,several noble metal aerogel catalysts were found to exhibit higher mass activity than traditional Pt/C catalysts and a mass activity target of 440 A per g Pt at 0.9 V vs.RHE,suggesting the high potential of metal aerogels as ORR catalysts in fuel cells.Herein,we summarize the recent benchmark research outcomes of metal aerogel catalysts for the ORR,their effects on the microstructure of catalyst layers,fuel cell performance,and cutting-edge modifications of recently reported metal aerogel catalysts.We systematically review the various aspects of metal aerogel catalyst synthesis,their advantages over traditional Pt/C catalysts,and ORR kinetics,and provide future research directions and recommendations to further improve and integrate metal aerogel catalysts into realistic fuel cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52374247)the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U24B2042).
摘要In igneous-intruded coal seams,coal undergoes significant metamorphism,which critically alters its pore structure and oxygen consumption dynamics,thereby elevating its spontaneous combustion tendency.This study investigates the specific surface area,pore volume,structure complexity/connectivity,heterogeneity/local features of pore size distribution,and oxygen consumption dynamics of igneous metamorphic coal through N2/CO2 isothermal adsorption tests and low-temperature oxidation experiments,and elucidates the influence mechanisms of pore structure evolution on oxygen consumption dynamics during low-temperature oxidation.With increasing metamorphic degree,igneous metamorphic coal exhibits a more pronounced reduction in specific surface area during oxidation,while the increase in structure complexity due to coal-oxygen reactions is suppressed.Thermally metamorphic coal demonstrates accelerated oxygen consumption,with oxidation amplifying the difference in reaction rates compared to raw coal.Key mechanisms include oxidation-induced reduction in mesopore complexity and micropore volume,decreased dominance of small-pore-volume apertures,and increased heterogeneity,collectively leading to a lower half-oxygen-consuming temperature and steeper oxygen consumption curves.Simultaneously,increased pore volume/complexity and reduced uniformity/connectivity act synergistically to enhance oxygen consumption capacity,highlighting the coupling between pore structure evolution and oxidation behavior in igneous metamorphic coal.This study provides theoretical insights into the pore-oxygen coupling mechanisms governing coal spontaneous combustion in igneous intrusion areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377208).
摘要Oxygen(O)doping is a promising strategy for enhancing the air stability and lithium metal compatibility of sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs).However,the impact of various O sources on the structure and properties of SSEs remains unclear.In this study,we synthesized a series of O-doped electrolytes,Li5.5PS4.5-xOxCl1.5(LPSCOx,0.1≤x≤0.5),using Li2O and P2O5as O sources,and systematically investigated their differences in structure,air stability,and electrochemical properties.O preferentially substitutes sulfur(S)at the 16e site and begins to replace S at the 4d site once a certain O concentration is reached.Notably,the P2O5-doped electrolytes(P-LPSCOx)exhibit a greater oxygen tolerance content(0.24)at the 16e site,along with better air stability,higher ionic conductivity,and superior lithium metal compatibility.XRD,SEM,and XPS analyses reveal that the P2O5-doped electrolytes exhibit larger cell parameters,higher densification,and fewer side reactions with lithium metal compared to the Li2O-doped counterparts.This study provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance O-doped sulfide electrolytes.