This research examines the optimization of motion strategy and control parameters for an Autonomous Underwater Glider(AUG)navigating between two points.For scenarios with specified initial position,target position,and...This research examines the optimization of motion strategy and control parameters for an Autonomous Underwater Glider(AUG)navigating between two points.For scenarios with specified initial position,target position,and heading,this study proposes a three-dimensional multimodal path planning methodology based on the 3D-Dubins path,ensuring both task fulfillment and motion feasibility within AUG dynamics constraints.The path planning approach incorporates ocean current interference and utilizes task objectives and control parameters as inputs.It systematically calculates information including horizontal Dubins type,vertical plane motion modes,and turning point depths to generate the path planning solution.The motion control strategy implements initial control parameter values and utilizes depth measurements as evaluation criteria.Through control parameter adjustments,the strategy facilitates tracking of the designated path.This control approach requires minimal feedback information,with computations executable by shore-based facilities,thereby reducing computational and measurement demands on the AUG and enhancing operational reliability.For specified task objectives,multi-objective optimization of control parameters is conducted using the proposed path planning method and motion control strategy,yielding optimized control parameters and corresponding motion control strategies for various operational requirements.展开更多
A grating eddy current displacement sensor(GECDS) can be used in a watertight electronic transducer to realize long range displacement or position measurement with high accuracy in difficult industry conditions.The pa...A grating eddy current displacement sensor(GECDS) can be used in a watertight electronic transducer to realize long range displacement or position measurement with high accuracy in difficult industry conditions.The parameters optimization of the sensor is essential for economic and efficient production.This paper proposes a method to combine an artificial neural network(ANN) and a genetic algorithm(GA) for the sensor parameters optimization.A neural network model is developed to map the complex relationship between design parameters and the nonlinearity error of the GECDS,and then a GA is used in the optimization process to determine the design parameter values,resulting in a desired minimal nonlinearity error of about 0.11%.The calculated nonlinearity error is 0.25%.These results show that the proposed method performs well for the parameters optimization of the GECDS.展开更多
With the help of FESEM, high resolution electron backscatter diffraction can investigate the grains/subgrains as small as a few tens of nanometers with a good angular resolution (~0.5°). Fast development of EBS...With the help of FESEM, high resolution electron backscatter diffraction can investigate the grains/subgrains as small as a few tens of nanometers with a good angular resolution (~0.5°). Fast development of EBSD speed (up to 1100 patterns per second) contributes that the number of published articles related to EBSD has been increasing sharply year by year. This paper reviews the sample preparation, parameters optimization and analysis of EBSD technique, emphasizing on the investigation of ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD). Detailed and practical parameters of the electropolishing, silica polishing and ion milling have been summarized. It is shown that ion milling is a real universal and promising polishing method for EBSD preparation of almost all materials. There exists a maximum value of indexed points as a function of step size. The optimum step size depends on the magnification and the board resolution/electronic step size. Grains/subgrains and texture, and grain boundary structure are readily obtained by EBSD. Strain and stored energy may be analyzed by EBSD.展开更多
The isothermal compression test for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was conducted by using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was investigated in the deformation temperature ranges of 940...The isothermal compression test for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was conducted by using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was investigated in the deformation temperature ranges of 940-1030℃and the strain rate ranges of 0.001-10 s-1.Meanwhile,the activation energy of thermal deformation was computed.The results show that the flow stress of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy increases with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the deformation temperature.The activation energy of thermal deformation for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is much greater than that for self-diffusion ofα-Ti andβ-Ti.Considering the influence of strain on flow stress,the strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was established.The error analysis shows that the model has higher accuracy,and the correlation coefficient r and average absolute relative error are 0.9879 and 4.11%,respectively.The processing map(PM)of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was constructed by the dynamic materials model and Prasad instability criterion.According to PM and microstructural observation,it is found that the main form of instability zone is local flow,and the deformation mechanisms of the stable zone are mainly superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization.The optimal processing parameters of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy are determined as follows:960-995℃/0.01-0.18 s-1and 1000-1030℃/0.001-0.01 s-1.展开更多
The grating eddy current displacement sensor (GECDS) for distance or position measurement used in watertight electronic calipers was described. The sensor relies on repetitive variation of inductance against displacem...The grating eddy current displacement sensor (GECDS) for distance or position measurement used in watertight electronic calipers was described. The sensor relies on repetitive variation of inductance against displacement caused by the change of coupling areas between moving coils and static reflectors. The investigations focused on setting up and utilizing a computer model of the 3D eddy current fields and geometry to analyze causes of the production of measurement blind areas, and to investigate effects of the sensor parameters, such as axial gap between coils and reflectors, reflector length and reflector width on characteristics of the sensor. Simulation results indicated that the sensor has the smallest nonlinearity error of 0.15%, which agrees well with the experimental results.展开更多
In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was establis...In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was established.Yanlieshan tunnel of Jiujing highway was taken as an example for the optimization.The optimal LDPs of the backlighting system of the tunnel interior zone were obtained by the POM,a comparison between the optimization results and those of Yanlieshan tunnel’s actual lighting system was performed,which showed that the optimized backlighting system with LED lamps installed according to the optimized LDPs could save energy remarkablely even under full capacity lighting condition.Illuminance and illuminance uniformity of the tunnel road surface still met the lighting demands even the LED lamp’s luminance decreased by 30%.A backlighting simulation experiment with the optimized backlighting LDPs for Yanlieshan tunnel was accomplished in the software Dialux.The simulation results basically agreed with the optimization calculated results from the POM which proved the correctness of the backlighting POM.展开更多
In the present work,pulsed gas–liquid hybrid discharge plasma coupled with graphene/Cd S catalyst was evaluated to eliminate bisphenol A(BPA)in wastewater.The optimization of a series of process parameters was perfor...In the present work,pulsed gas–liquid hybrid discharge plasma coupled with graphene/Cd S catalyst was evaluated to eliminate bisphenol A(BPA)in wastewater.The optimization of a series of process parameters was performed in terms of BPA degradation performance.The experimental results demonstrated that nearly 90%of BPA(20 mg l-1)in the synthetic wastewater(p H=7.5,σ=10μS m-1)was degraded by the plasma catalytic system over 0.2 g l-1graphene/Cd S at 19k V with a 4 l min-1air flow rate and 10 mm electrode gap within 60 min.The BPA removal rate increased with increasing the discharge voltage and decreasing the initial BPA concentration or solution conductivity.Nevertheless,either too high or too low an air flow rate,electrode gap,catalyst dosage or initial solution p H would lead to a decrease in BPA degradation.Moreover,optical emission spectroscopy was used to gain information on short-lived reactive species formed from the pulsed gas–liquid hybrid discharge plasma system.The results indicated the existence of several highly oxidative free radicals such as·O and·OH.Finally,the activation pathway of O3on the catalyst surface was analyzed by density functional theory.展开更多
The extracting process and parameters optimization of Eulaliopsis binata fibers were studied.The components of Eulaliopsis binata were tested,the cellulose contents was about 45%,and the lignin content was as high as ...The extracting process and parameters optimization of Eulaliopsis binata fibers were studied.The components of Eulaliopsis binata were tested,the cellulose contents was about 45%,and the lignin content was as high as 18.5%.And the components of Eulaliopsis binata fibers were compared with some bast fibers.The analysis of physical and chemical properties related to acid,alkali,and auxiliary agent about cellulose and pectin,and lignin components in Eulaliopsis binata fibers were investigated.The chemical processing was employed to extract Eulaliopsis binata fibers in which NaOH as cooking agent and Na5P3O10 as auxiliary agent.The universal rotatable composite experiment design was used to get the highly precise regression equations,in which the NaOH concentration,the auxiliary agent Na5P3O10 concentration and the processing time were the main technological parameters.The residual gum content,fiber fineness,fiber strength,and fiber length of Eulaliopsis binata were the evaluation indexes.Based on the relation among parameters of extracting process,degumming effect and quality indexs of Eulaliopsis binata fibers,the optimum parameters of extracting process on Eulaliopsis binata fibers can be obtained.The fibers extracted from Eulaliopsis binata can be developed as one kind of natural cellulose fibers suitable for producing various textile products.展开更多
Sampling ports were firstly drilled on a ZGM95 coal mill in the power plant in China, and the coal samples from various points in the pulverizer were collected under the different operation conditions. The prop- erty ...Sampling ports were firstly drilled on a ZGM95 coal mill in the power plant in China, and the coal samples from various points in the pulverizer were collected under the different operation conditions. The prop- erty of the sampling material from the mill was analyzed, applying the float-sink test, size distribution analysis, proximate analysis and so on. It was indicated that the +250 I^m fraction in the pulverized fuel accounted for only 0.02%, while it was 83.2% in the new feed. The circulating ratio and coal flow in the separator and the cone zone were calculated using the mass balance of the circulating load. So, the cir- culating ratio in the separator of the pulverizer was between 8 and 13, and the circulating ratio, the feed flow of separator and cone zone all raised with the increase of the air volume. Furthermore, the parameters of the separation functions were obtained based on the fitting method. It was shown that the mean value of the shape factor B was 0.7617, and the parameter D which is the particle size at 50% cumulative yield in the separator almost kept unchanged.展开更多
The research on the parameters optimization for gasbag polishing machine tools, mainly aims at a better kinematics performance and a design scheme. Serial structural arm is mostly employed in gasbag polishing machine ...The research on the parameters optimization for gasbag polishing machine tools, mainly aims at a better kinematics performance and a design scheme. Serial structural arm is mostly employed in gasbag polishing machine tools at present, but it is disadvantaged by its complexity, big inertia, and so on. In the multi-objective parameters optimization, it is very difficult to select good parameters to achieve excellent performance of the mechanism. In this paper, a statistics parameters optimization method based on index atlases is presented for a novel 5-DOF gasbag polishing machine tool. In the position analyses, the structure and workspace for a novel 5-DOF gasbag polishing machine tool is developed, where the gasbag polishing machine tool is advantaged by its simple structure, lower inertia and bigger workspace. In the kinematics analyses, several kinematics performance evaluation indices of the machine tool are proposed and discussed, and the global kinematics performance evaluation atlases are given. In the parameters optimization process, considering the assembly technique, a design scheme of the 5-DOF gasbag polishing machine tool is given to own better kinematics performance based on the proposed statistics parameters optimization method, and the global linear isotropic performance index is 0.5, the global rotational isotropic performance index is 0.5, the global linear velocity transmission performance index is 1.012 3 m/s in the case of unit input matrix, the global rotational velocity transmission performance index is 0.102 7 rad/s in the case of unit input matrix, and the workspace volume is 1. The proposed research provides the basis for applications of the novel 5-DOF gasbag polishing machine tool, which can be applied to the modern industrial fields requiring machines with lower inertia, better kinematics transmission performance and better technological efficiency.展开更多
To optimize the magnetic fluid seal design,the single-factor method is usually used to study the e ect of the rectangular pole teeth structure parameters on the sealing capacity of the magnetic fluid seal by current r...To optimize the magnetic fluid seal design,the single-factor method is usually used to study the e ect of the rectangular pole teeth structure parameters on the sealing capacity of the magnetic fluid seal by current research,and the design formula is obtained.However,the supporting data is too few to make the results universalizable.In this paper,to obtain a wider range of applicable design formulas,a large number of modeling and simulation experiments are conducted using the co-simulation analysis experimental method of MATLAB and COMSOL.The influence of structure parameters of rectangular pole teeth and the coupling e ects of the structure parameters on the sealing capacity of sealing devices has been studied under di erent lengths of pole piece(Lp)and seal gap(Lg).The results explain the influences of tooth height(Lh),tooth width(Lt),groove width(Ls),and their coupling e ects on the theoretical sealing capacity of magnetic fluid seals,and more widely applicable design formulas for pole teeth structure parameters are given.The design formulas can help to obtain good design parameters directly or reduce the optimization range when the magnetic fluid seals need to be optimized to meet the miniaturization and lightweightrequirements of magnetic fluid sealing devices or improve the sealing capacity under the same seal size.展开更多
By means of the quadratic regression orthogonat combination design, a mathematical model of the relationship between the quality of spot welds and the welding parameters, including welding current, welding time and el...By means of the quadratic regression orthogonat combination design, a mathematical model of the relationship between the quality of spot welds and the welding parameters, including welding current, welding time and electrode force, is established. The influences of welding parameters on long-axis dimension of the nugget and shearing resistance of spot welds are studied and the welding parameters are optimized. The results show that the regression equation obtained can realize the accurate prediction of long-axis dimension of the nugget and shearing resistance of spot welds.展开更多
Electroless copper plating on diamond particles precoated with 1%Cr was carried out to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters on coating quality and deposition rate to obtain the optimized reaction pa...Electroless copper plating on diamond particles precoated with 1%Cr was carried out to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters on coating quality and deposition rate to obtain the optimized reaction parameters. The formulated samples under optimized parameters were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra and optical microscopy. The best parameters, where uniform and maximum coating thickness was achieved, are etching with 20%NaOH for 30 min, sensitization and activation with SnCl2 and PdCl2 for 5 and 20 min, respectively. The composition of the copper solution bath was 16 g/L CuSO4·5H2O, 35 mL/L formaldehyde (HCHO), 23 g/L KNaC4H4O6 at 60 ℃, pH=13 and stirring at (350±15) r/min under ultrasonication.展开更多
As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was...As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was introduced for optimal design of EWMA and multivariate EWMA (MEWMA) control charts, in which the optimal parameter pair ( λ, k) or ( λ, h ) was searched by using the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). The results indicate that the optimal parameter pair can be obtained effectively by the proposed strategy for a given in-control average running length (ARLo) and shift to detect under any conditions, removing the drawback of incompleteness existing in the tables that had been reported.展开更多
In order to improve the sealing surface performance of gray cast iron gas gate valves and achieve precise molding control of the cladding layer,as well as to reveal the influence of laser cladding process parameters o...In order to improve the sealing surface performance of gray cast iron gas gate valves and achieve precise molding control of the cladding layer,as well as to reveal the influence of laser cladding process parameters on the morphology and structure of the cladding layer,we prepared the 316L coating on HT 200 by using Design-Expert software central composite design(CCD)based on response surface analysis.We built a regression prediction model and analyzed the ANOVA with the inspection results.With a target cladding layer width of 3.5 mm and height of 1.3 mm,the process parameters were optimized to obtain the best combination of process parameters.The microstructure,phases,and hardness variations of the cladding layer from experiments with optimal parameters were analyzed by the metallographic microscope,confocal microscope,and microhardness instrument.The experimental results indicate that laser power has a significant impact on the cladding layer width,followed by powder feed rate;scan speed has a significant impact on the cladding layer height,followed by powder feed rate.The HT200 substrate and 316L can metallurgically bond well,and the cladding layer structure consists of dendritic crystals,columnar crystals,and equiaxed crystals in sequence.The optimal process parameter combination satisfying the morphology requirements is laser power(A)of 1993 W,scan speed(B)of 8.949 mm/s,powder feed rate(C)of 1.408 r/min,with a maximum hardness of 1564.3 HV0.5,significantly higher than the hardness of the HT200 substrate.展开更多
The heating technological requirement of the conventional PID control is difficult to guarantee which based on the precise mathematical model,because the heating furnace for heating treatment with the big inertia,the ...The heating technological requirement of the conventional PID control is difficult to guarantee which based on the precise mathematical model,because the heating furnace for heating treatment with the big inertia,the pure time delay and nonlinear time-varying.Proposed one kind optimized variable method of PID controller based on the genetic algorithm with improved BP network that better realized the completely automatic intelligent control of the entire thermal process than the classics critical purporting(Z-N)method.A heating furnace for the object was simulated with MATLAB,simulation results show that the control system has the quicker response characteristic,the better dynamic characteristic and the quite stronger robustness,which has some promotional value for the control of industrial furnace.展开更多
The synergistic mechanism of multiple process parameters on the solidification structure of niobium containing austenitic stainless steel during continuous casting is complex,which seriously affects the quality of con...The synergistic mechanism of multiple process parameters on the solidification structure of niobium containing austenitic stainless steel during continuous casting is complex,which seriously affects the quality of continuous casting billets and seamless pipes.In order to optimize the quality of continuous casting billet,a finite element model of solidification and heat transfer in continuous casting process was established for the secondary cooling process of continuous casting billet.The control variable method was used to explore the influence of casting speed and superheat on the solidification process.At the same time,an orthogonal scheme was designed to study the coupling effect of multiple process parameters on the heat transfer and solidification state of continuous casting billets,and optimized process parameters were selected.The optimization results of process parameters were verified through production experiments,and it is found that the enrichment of coarse niobium compounds directly causes the initiation and propagation of inner wall cracks during the large deformation hot piercing of S30432 seamless tubes.Process parameter optimization,especially the synergistic effect of the decrease of superheat and increase of specific water flow promotes the grain refinement and expension of equiaxed crystal zone,thereby mitigating the segregation of Nb elements and improving the distribution of niobium compounds.展开更多
During mine roadway excavation in jointed and fractured rock masses,drilling and blasting remains a widely adopted method.However,the complex interaction between blasting-induced stress waves and pre-existing structur...During mine roadway excavation in jointed and fractured rock masses,drilling and blasting remains a widely adopted method.However,the complex interaction between blasting-induced stress waves and pre-existing structural planes often leads to overbreak,loosening of the surrounding rock,and an expanded excavation damage zone,posing significant challenges to roadway stability and construction safety.Most existing studies are limited to single-factor analyses or assume homogeneous rock mass behavior,leaving a critical gap in understanding the coupled effects of joint geometric parameters and blasting parameters on damage evolution.This study addresses this gap by developing a numerical model using LSDYNA to investigate blast damage control in jointed rock masses during roadway excavation.A systematic parametric analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of joint dip angle(α),joint thickness(h),joint position,and blast-hole spacing(d)on blasting performance.The results show that atα=45°,particle vibration velocity at the monitoring points reaches its maximum,and fragmentation is most pronounced along the blast-hole connection line.Reducing the blast-hole spacing to 60 cm increases the peak effective stress at the joint plane to 72.8 MPa,yielding optimal fragmentation while mitigating excessive rock damage commonly associated with larger spacings.As joint thickness increases from 4 cm to 8 cm,the peak effective stress at the joint plane drops from 94.7 MPa to 70.8 MPa.This decrease of approximately 33.7%indicates that thicker joints substantially enhance stress-wave attenuation and energy dissipation.Moreover,increasing the distance between the joint and the blast hole from 5 cm to 15 cm significantly reduces damage in the rock mass between the source and the joint plane.Field validation demonstrates that the optimized smooth blasting scheme,compared to conventional blasting,improves the half-hole rate from 33.3%to 93.3%,increases the average advance per cycle from 2.43 m to 2.92 m,and reduces the depth of blast-induced damage from approximately 2.4 m to 1.5 m.These findings confirm that the proposed blasting parameters markedly enhance excavation quality and effectively limit blast-induced damage in jointed rock masses.展开更多
Rotary gas-gas heat exchangers(GGHs)are pivotal for waste heat recovery in low-and mediumtemperature denitrification systems of cement kilns.This study examines the performance of GGHs within such systems by coupling ...Rotary gas-gas heat exchangers(GGHs)are pivotal for waste heat recovery in low-and mediumtemperature denitrification systems of cement kilns.This study examines the performance of GGHs within such systems by coupling computational fluid dynamics(CFD)with the response surface method(RSM),introducing overall system performance(OSP)as the principal optimization criterion.The investigation systematically elucidates the effects of treated flue gas inlet temperature,inlet velocity,and rotor speed on GGH efficiency.Findings reveal that OSP increases with rotor speed but reaches a plateau beyond 1 rpm;it decreases with higher inlet velocity and increases with higher inlet temperature.Response surface analysis identifies treated flue gas inlet temperature as the most influential parameter,highlighting a synergistic effect between rotor speed and inlet temperature,alongside an antagonistic interaction between inlet temperature and inlet velocity.To ensure safe system operation,engineering constraints were incorporated into the optimization framework using a Box-Behnken design.The optimal operational parameters were determined as a treated flue gas inlet temperature of 250℃,inlet velocity of 8 m/s,and rotor speed of 1 rpm,yielding a maximum OSP of 107.74.The integrated CFD-RSM methodology and constraint-aware optimization strategy presented in this study offer a practical reference for enhancing the operational efficiency of industrial waste heat recovery systems,particularly in cement kiln SCR applications.展开更多
The method for optimizing the hydraulic fracturing parameters of the cube development infill well pad was proposed,aiming at the well pattern characteristic of“multi-layer and multi-period”of the infill wells in Sic...The method for optimizing the hydraulic fracturing parameters of the cube development infill well pad was proposed,aiming at the well pattern characteristic of“multi-layer and multi-period”of the infill wells in Sichuan Basin.The fracture propagation and inter-well interference model were established based on the evolution of 4D in-situ stress,and the evolution characteristics of stress and the mechanism of interference between wells were analyzed.The research shows that the increase in horizontal stress difference and the existence of natural fractures/faults are the main reasons for inter-well interference.Inter-well interference is likely to occur near the fracture zones and between the infill wells and parent wells that have been in production for a long time.When communication channels are formed between the infill wells and parent wells,it can increase the productivity of parent wells in the short term.However,it will have a delayed negative impact on the long-term sustained production of both infill wells and parent wells.The change trend of in-situ stress caused by parent well production is basically consistent with the decline trend of pore pressure.The lateral disturbance range of in-situ stress is initially the same as the fracture length and reaches 1.5 to 1.6 times that length after 2.5 years.The key to avoiding inter-well interference is to optimize the fracturing parameters.By adopting the M-shaped well pattern,the optimal well spacing for the infill wells is 300 m,the cluster spacing is 10 m,and the liquid volume per stage is 1800 m3.展开更多
摘要This research examines the optimization of motion strategy and control parameters for an Autonomous Underwater Glider(AUG)navigating between two points.For scenarios with specified initial position,target position,and heading,this study proposes a three-dimensional multimodal path planning methodology based on the 3D-Dubins path,ensuring both task fulfillment and motion feasibility within AUG dynamics constraints.The path planning approach incorporates ocean current interference and utilizes task objectives and control parameters as inputs.It systematically calculates information including horizontal Dubins type,vertical plane motion modes,and turning point depths to generate the path planning solution.The motion control strategy implements initial control parameter values and utilizes depth measurements as evaluation criteria.Through control parameter adjustments,the strategy facilitates tracking of the designated path.This control approach requires minimal feedback information,with computations executable by shore-based facilities,thereby reducing computational and measurement demands on the AUG and enhancing operational reliability.For specified task objectives,multi-objective optimization of control parameters is conducted using the proposed path planning method and motion control strategy,yielding optimized control parameters and corresponding motion control strategies for various operational requirements.
摘要A grating eddy current displacement sensor(GECDS) can be used in a watertight electronic transducer to realize long range displacement or position measurement with high accuracy in difficult industry conditions.The parameters optimization of the sensor is essential for economic and efficient production.This paper proposes a method to combine an artificial neural network(ANN) and a genetic algorithm(GA) for the sensor parameters optimization.A neural network model is developed to map the complex relationship between design parameters and the nonlinearity error of the GECDS,and then a GA is used in the optimization process to determine the design parameter values,resulting in a desired minimal nonlinearity error of about 0.11%.The calculated nonlinearity error is 0.25%.These results show that the proposed method performs well for the parameters optimization of the GECDS.
基金Project (192450/I30) supported by the Norwegian Research Council under the Strategic University Program
摘要With the help of FESEM, high resolution electron backscatter diffraction can investigate the grains/subgrains as small as a few tens of nanometers with a good angular resolution (~0.5°). Fast development of EBSD speed (up to 1100 patterns per second) contributes that the number of published articles related to EBSD has been increasing sharply year by year. This paper reviews the sample preparation, parameters optimization and analysis of EBSD technique, emphasizing on the investigation of ultrafine grained and nanostructured materials processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD). Detailed and practical parameters of the electropolishing, silica polishing and ion milling have been summarized. It is shown that ion milling is a real universal and promising polishing method for EBSD preparation of almost all materials. There exists a maximum value of indexed points as a function of step size. The optimum step size depends on the magnification and the board resolution/electronic step size. Grains/subgrains and texture, and grain boundary structure are readily obtained by EBSD. Strain and stored energy may be analyzed by EBSD.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51464035).
摘要The isothermal compression test for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was conducted by using Gleeble-3800 thermal simulator.The hot deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was investigated in the deformation temperature ranges of 940-1030℃and the strain rate ranges of 0.001-10 s-1.Meanwhile,the activation energy of thermal deformation was computed.The results show that the flow stress of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy increases with increasing the strain rate and decreasing the deformation temperature.The activation energy of thermal deformation for Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is much greater than that for self-diffusion ofα-Ti andβ-Ti.Considering the influence of strain on flow stress,the strain-compensated Arrhenius constitutive model of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was established.The error analysis shows that the model has higher accuracy,and the correlation coefficient r and average absolute relative error are 0.9879 and 4.11%,respectively.The processing map(PM)of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy was constructed by the dynamic materials model and Prasad instability criterion.According to PM and microstructural observation,it is found that the main form of instability zone is local flow,and the deformation mechanisms of the stable zone are mainly superplasticity and dynamic recrystallization.The optimal processing parameters of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy are determined as follows:960-995℃/0.01-0.18 s-1and 1000-1030℃/0.001-0.01 s-1.
摘要The grating eddy current displacement sensor (GECDS) for distance or position measurement used in watertight electronic calipers was described. The sensor relies on repetitive variation of inductance against displacement caused by the change of coupling areas between moving coils and static reflectors. The investigations focused on setting up and utilizing a computer model of the 3D eddy current fields and geometry to analyze causes of the production of measurement blind areas, and to investigate effects of the sensor parameters, such as axial gap between coils and reflectors, reflector length and reflector width on characteristics of the sensor. Simulation results indicated that the sensor has the smallest nonlinearity error of 0.15%, which agrees well with the experimental results.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61463015)
摘要In order to acquire the most energy-saving luminairedistribution-parameters(LDPs)of highway tunnel interior zone backlighting,the parameters optimization model(POM)of backlighting for tunnel interior zone was established.Yanlieshan tunnel of Jiujing highway was taken as an example for the optimization.The optimal LDPs of the backlighting system of the tunnel interior zone were obtained by the POM,a comparison between the optimization results and those of Yanlieshan tunnel’s actual lighting system was performed,which showed that the optimized backlighting system with LED lamps installed according to the optimized LDPs could save energy remarkablely even under full capacity lighting condition.Illuminance and illuminance uniformity of the tunnel road surface still met the lighting demands even the LED lamp’s luminance decreased by 30%.A backlighting simulation experiment with the optimized backlighting LDPs for Yanlieshan tunnel was accomplished in the software Dialux.The simulation results basically agreed with the optimization calculated results from the POM which proved the correctness of the backlighting POM.
基金supported by the Open Fund for State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil&Water Pollution(No.GHBK-2020-006)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21876070)。
摘要In the present work,pulsed gas–liquid hybrid discharge plasma coupled with graphene/Cd S catalyst was evaluated to eliminate bisphenol A(BPA)in wastewater.The optimization of a series of process parameters was performed in terms of BPA degradation performance.The experimental results demonstrated that nearly 90%of BPA(20 mg l-1)in the synthetic wastewater(p H=7.5,σ=10μS m-1)was degraded by the plasma catalytic system over 0.2 g l-1graphene/Cd S at 19k V with a 4 l min-1air flow rate and 10 mm electrode gap within 60 min.The BPA removal rate increased with increasing the discharge voltage and decreasing the initial BPA concentration or solution conductivity.Nevertheless,either too high or too low an air flow rate,electrode gap,catalyst dosage or initial solution p H would lead to a decrease in BPA degradation.Moreover,optical emission spectroscopy was used to gain information on short-lived reactive species formed from the pulsed gas–liquid hybrid discharge plasma system.The results indicated the existence of several highly oxidative free radicals such as·O and·OH.Finally,the activation pathway of O3on the catalyst surface was analyzed by density functional theory.
基金National Basic Research Program of China(No.2009CB626606)
摘要The extracting process and parameters optimization of Eulaliopsis binata fibers were studied.The components of Eulaliopsis binata were tested,the cellulose contents was about 45%,and the lignin content was as high as 18.5%.And the components of Eulaliopsis binata fibers were compared with some bast fibers.The analysis of physical and chemical properties related to acid,alkali,and auxiliary agent about cellulose and pectin,and lignin components in Eulaliopsis binata fibers were investigated.The chemical processing was employed to extract Eulaliopsis binata fibers in which NaOH as cooking agent and Na5P3O10 as auxiliary agent.The universal rotatable composite experiment design was used to get the highly precise regression equations,in which the NaOH concentration,the auxiliary agent Na5P3O10 concentration and the processing time were the main technological parameters.The residual gum content,fiber fineness,fiber strength,and fiber length of Eulaliopsis binata were the evaluation indexes.Based on the relation among parameters of extracting process,degumming effect and quality indexs of Eulaliopsis binata fibers,the optimum parameters of extracting process on Eulaliopsis binata fibers can be obtained.The fibers extracted from Eulaliopsis binata can be developed as one kind of natural cellulose fibers suitable for producing various textile products.
基金The financial support from the Australian Government as Part of the Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51074156 and 51274196)
摘要Sampling ports were firstly drilled on a ZGM95 coal mill in the power plant in China, and the coal samples from various points in the pulverizer were collected under the different operation conditions. The prop- erty of the sampling material from the mill was analyzed, applying the float-sink test, size distribution analysis, proximate analysis and so on. It was indicated that the +250 I^m fraction in the pulverized fuel accounted for only 0.02%, while it was 83.2% in the new feed. The circulating ratio and coal flow in the separator and the cone zone were calculated using the mass balance of the circulating load. So, the cir- culating ratio in the separator of the pulverizer was between 8 and 13, and the circulating ratio, the feed flow of separator and cone zone all raised with the increase of the air volume. Furthermore, the parameters of the separation functions were obtained based on the fitting method. It was shown that the mean value of the shape factor B was 0.7617, and the parameter D which is the particle size at 50% cumulative yield in the separator almost kept unchanged.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51005207)Open Foundation of the Mechanical Engineering in Zhejiang University of Technology, China (Grant No.2009EP004)Foundation of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department of China (Grant No. Y200908129)
摘要The research on the parameters optimization for gasbag polishing machine tools, mainly aims at a better kinematics performance and a design scheme. Serial structural arm is mostly employed in gasbag polishing machine tools at present, but it is disadvantaged by its complexity, big inertia, and so on. In the multi-objective parameters optimization, it is very difficult to select good parameters to achieve excellent performance of the mechanism. In this paper, a statistics parameters optimization method based on index atlases is presented for a novel 5-DOF gasbag polishing machine tool. In the position analyses, the structure and workspace for a novel 5-DOF gasbag polishing machine tool is developed, where the gasbag polishing machine tool is advantaged by its simple structure, lower inertia and bigger workspace. In the kinematics analyses, several kinematics performance evaluation indices of the machine tool are proposed and discussed, and the global kinematics performance evaluation atlases are given. In the parameters optimization process, considering the assembly technique, a design scheme of the 5-DOF gasbag polishing machine tool is given to own better kinematics performance based on the proposed statistics parameters optimization method, and the global linear isotropic performance index is 0.5, the global rotational isotropic performance index is 0.5, the global linear velocity transmission performance index is 1.012 3 m/s in the case of unit input matrix, the global rotational velocity transmission performance index is 0.102 7 rad/s in the case of unit input matrix, and the workspace volume is 1. The proposed research provides the basis for applications of the novel 5-DOF gasbag polishing machine tool, which can be applied to the modern industrial fields requiring machines with lower inertia, better kinematics transmission performance and better technological efficiency.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51927810)。
摘要To optimize the magnetic fluid seal design,the single-factor method is usually used to study the e ect of the rectangular pole teeth structure parameters on the sealing capacity of the magnetic fluid seal by current research,and the design formula is obtained.However,the supporting data is too few to make the results universalizable.In this paper,to obtain a wider range of applicable design formulas,a large number of modeling and simulation experiments are conducted using the co-simulation analysis experimental method of MATLAB and COMSOL.The influence of structure parameters of rectangular pole teeth and the coupling e ects of the structure parameters on the sealing capacity of sealing devices has been studied under di erent lengths of pole piece(Lp)and seal gap(Lg).The results explain the influences of tooth height(Lh),tooth width(Lt),groove width(Ls),and their coupling e ects on the theoretical sealing capacity of magnetic fluid seals,and more widely applicable design formulas for pole teeth structure parameters are given.The design formulas can help to obtain good design parameters directly or reduce the optimization range when the magnetic fluid seals need to be optimized to meet the miniaturization and lightweightrequirements of magnetic fluid sealing devices or improve the sealing capacity under the same seal size.
摘要By means of the quadratic regression orthogonat combination design, a mathematical model of the relationship between the quality of spot welds and the welding parameters, including welding current, welding time and electrode force, is established. The influences of welding parameters on long-axis dimension of the nugget and shearing resistance of spot welds are studied and the welding parameters are optimized. The results show that the regression equation obtained can realize the accurate prediction of long-axis dimension of the nugget and shearing resistance of spot welds.
基金Project(9140A12060110BQ03)supported by the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact,China
摘要Electroless copper plating on diamond particles precoated with 1%Cr was carried out to evaluate the effects of various experimental parameters on coating quality and deposition rate to obtain the optimized reaction parameters. The formulated samples under optimized parameters were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectra and optical microscopy. The best parameters, where uniform and maximum coating thickness was achieved, are etching with 20%NaOH for 30 min, sensitization and activation with SnCl2 and PdCl2 for 5 and 20 min, respectively. The composition of the copper solution bath was 16 g/L CuSO4·5H2O, 35 mL/L formaldehyde (HCHO), 23 g/L KNaC4H4O6 at 60 ℃, pH=13 and stirring at (350±15) r/min under ultrasonication.
基金Funded by the National Key Technologies R&D Programs of China (No.2002BA105C)
摘要As a useful alternative of Shewhart control chart, exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control chat has been applied widely to quality control, process monitoring, forecast, etc. In this paper, a method was introduced for optimal design of EWMA and multivariate EWMA (MEWMA) control charts, in which the optimal parameter pair ( λ, k) or ( λ, h ) was searched by using the generalized regression neural network (GRNN). The results indicate that the optimal parameter pair can be obtained effectively by the proposed strategy for a given in-control average running length (ARLo) and shift to detect under any conditions, removing the drawback of incompleteness existing in the tables that had been reported.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975540)。
摘要In order to improve the sealing surface performance of gray cast iron gas gate valves and achieve precise molding control of the cladding layer,as well as to reveal the influence of laser cladding process parameters on the morphology and structure of the cladding layer,we prepared the 316L coating on HT 200 by using Design-Expert software central composite design(CCD)based on response surface analysis.We built a regression prediction model and analyzed the ANOVA with the inspection results.With a target cladding layer width of 3.5 mm and height of 1.3 mm,the process parameters were optimized to obtain the best combination of process parameters.The microstructure,phases,and hardness variations of the cladding layer from experiments with optimal parameters were analyzed by the metallographic microscope,confocal microscope,and microhardness instrument.The experimental results indicate that laser power has a significant impact on the cladding layer width,followed by powder feed rate;scan speed has a significant impact on the cladding layer height,followed by powder feed rate.The HT200 substrate and 316L can metallurgically bond well,and the cladding layer structure consists of dendritic crystals,columnar crystals,and equiaxed crystals in sequence.The optimal process parameter combination satisfying the morphology requirements is laser power(A)of 1993 W,scan speed(B)of 8.949 mm/s,powder feed rate(C)of 1.408 r/min,with a maximum hardness of 1564.3 HV0.5,significantly higher than the hardness of the HT200 substrate.
基金This work was supported by the youth backbone teachers training program of Henan colleges and universities under Grant No.2016ggjs-287the project of science and technology of Henan province under Grant No.172102210124the Key Scientific Research projects in Colleges and Universities in Henan(Grant No.18B460003).
摘要The heating technological requirement of the conventional PID control is difficult to guarantee which based on the precise mathematical model,because the heating furnace for heating treatment with the big inertia,the pure time delay and nonlinear time-varying.Proposed one kind optimized variable method of PID controller based on the genetic algorithm with improved BP network that better realized the completely automatic intelligent control of the entire thermal process than the classics critical purporting(Z-N)method.A heating furnace for the object was simulated with MATLAB,simulation results show that the control system has the quicker response characteristic,the better dynamic characteristic and the quite stronger robustness,which has some promotional value for the control of industrial furnace.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U25A20282,U23A20628,52375394,52305429)the Major Project of Science and Technology in Shanxi(Nos.202501050201012,202301050201004)。
摘要The synergistic mechanism of multiple process parameters on the solidification structure of niobium containing austenitic stainless steel during continuous casting is complex,which seriously affects the quality of continuous casting billets and seamless pipes.In order to optimize the quality of continuous casting billet,a finite element model of solidification and heat transfer in continuous casting process was established for the secondary cooling process of continuous casting billet.The control variable method was used to explore the influence of casting speed and superheat on the solidification process.At the same time,an orthogonal scheme was designed to study the coupling effect of multiple process parameters on the heat transfer and solidification state of continuous casting billets,and optimized process parameters were selected.The optimization results of process parameters were verified through production experiments,and it is found that the enrichment of coarse niobium compounds directly causes the initiation and propagation of inner wall cracks during the large deformation hot piercing of S30432 seamless tubes.Process parameter optimization,especially the synergistic effect of the decrease of superheat and increase of specific water flow promotes the grain refinement and expension of equiaxed crystal zone,thereby mitigating the segregation of Nb elements and improving the distribution of niobium compounds.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52274083, 42467023)the Special Program for Industrial Innovation Talents under Yunnan Province "Xingdian Talents Support Plan"
摘要During mine roadway excavation in jointed and fractured rock masses,drilling and blasting remains a widely adopted method.However,the complex interaction between blasting-induced stress waves and pre-existing structural planes often leads to overbreak,loosening of the surrounding rock,and an expanded excavation damage zone,posing significant challenges to roadway stability and construction safety.Most existing studies are limited to single-factor analyses or assume homogeneous rock mass behavior,leaving a critical gap in understanding the coupled effects of joint geometric parameters and blasting parameters on damage evolution.This study addresses this gap by developing a numerical model using LSDYNA to investigate blast damage control in jointed rock masses during roadway excavation.A systematic parametric analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of joint dip angle(α),joint thickness(h),joint position,and blast-hole spacing(d)on blasting performance.The results show that atα=45°,particle vibration velocity at the monitoring points reaches its maximum,and fragmentation is most pronounced along the blast-hole connection line.Reducing the blast-hole spacing to 60 cm increases the peak effective stress at the joint plane to 72.8 MPa,yielding optimal fragmentation while mitigating excessive rock damage commonly associated with larger spacings.As joint thickness increases from 4 cm to 8 cm,the peak effective stress at the joint plane drops from 94.7 MPa to 70.8 MPa.This decrease of approximately 33.7%indicates that thicker joints substantially enhance stress-wave attenuation and energy dissipation.Moreover,increasing the distance between the joint and the blast hole from 5 cm to 15 cm significantly reduces damage in the rock mass between the source and the joint plane.Field validation demonstrates that the optimized smooth blasting scheme,compared to conventional blasting,improves the half-hole rate from 33.3%to 93.3%,increases the average advance per cycle from 2.43 m to 2.92 m,and reduces the depth of blast-induced damage from approximately 2.4 m to 1.5 m.These findings confirm that the proposed blasting parameters markedly enhance excavation quality and effectively limit blast-induced damage in jointed rock masses.
摘要Rotary gas-gas heat exchangers(GGHs)are pivotal for waste heat recovery in low-and mediumtemperature denitrification systems of cement kilns.This study examines the performance of GGHs within such systems by coupling computational fluid dynamics(CFD)with the response surface method(RSM),introducing overall system performance(OSP)as the principal optimization criterion.The investigation systematically elucidates the effects of treated flue gas inlet temperature,inlet velocity,and rotor speed on GGH efficiency.Findings reveal that OSP increases with rotor speed but reaches a plateau beyond 1 rpm;it decreases with higher inlet velocity and increases with higher inlet temperature.Response surface analysis identifies treated flue gas inlet temperature as the most influential parameter,highlighting a synergistic effect between rotor speed and inlet temperature,alongside an antagonistic interaction between inlet temperature and inlet velocity.To ensure safe system operation,engineering constraints were incorporated into the optimization framework using a Box-Behnken design.The optimal operational parameters were determined as a treated flue gas inlet temperature of 250℃,inlet velocity of 8 m/s,and rotor speed of 1 rpm,yielding a maximum OSP of 107.74.The integrated CFD-RSM methodology and constraint-aware optimization strategy presented in this study offer a practical reference for enhancing the operational efficiency of industrial waste heat recovery systems,particularly in cement kiln SCR applications.
基金Supported by the General Program of the NATIONAL NATURAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION OF CHINA(52374004)National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFF06141022023YFE0110900)。
摘要The method for optimizing the hydraulic fracturing parameters of the cube development infill well pad was proposed,aiming at the well pattern characteristic of“multi-layer and multi-period”of the infill wells in Sichuan Basin.The fracture propagation and inter-well interference model were established based on the evolution of 4D in-situ stress,and the evolution characteristics of stress and the mechanism of interference between wells were analyzed.The research shows that the increase in horizontal stress difference and the existence of natural fractures/faults are the main reasons for inter-well interference.Inter-well interference is likely to occur near the fracture zones and between the infill wells and parent wells that have been in production for a long time.When communication channels are formed between the infill wells and parent wells,it can increase the productivity of parent wells in the short term.However,it will have a delayed negative impact on the long-term sustained production of both infill wells and parent wells.The change trend of in-situ stress caused by parent well production is basically consistent with the decline trend of pore pressure.The lateral disturbance range of in-situ stress is initially the same as the fracture length and reaches 1.5 to 1.6 times that length after 2.5 years.The key to avoiding inter-well interference is to optimize the fracturing parameters.By adopting the M-shaped well pattern,the optimal well spacing for the infill wells is 300 m,the cluster spacing is 10 m,and the liquid volume per stage is 1800 m3.