The spatially-resolved laser-based high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)measurements have been performed on the optimally-doped HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ(Hg1223)superconductor with a T_(c...The spatially-resolved laser-based high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)measurements have been performed on the optimally-doped HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ(Hg1223)superconductor with a Tc of 133 K.Two distinct regions are identified on the cleaved surface:the single Fermi surface region where only one Fermi surface is observed,and the double Fermi surface region where two Fermi surface sheets are resolved coming from both the inner(IP)and outer(OP)CuO2 planes.The electronic structure and superconducting gap are measured on both of these two regions.In both cases,the observed electronic states are mainly concentrated near the nodal region.The momentum dependence of the superconducting gap deviates from the standard d-wave form.These results indicate that the surface electronic structure of Hg1223 behaves more like that of underdoped cuprates.展开更多
The doping evolution of the nodal electron dynamics in the trilayer cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ(Bi2223)is investigated using high-resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectr...The doping evolution of the nodal electron dynamics in the trilayer cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ(Bi2223)is investigated using high-resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES).Bi2223single crystals with different doping levels are prepared by controlled annealing,which cover the underdoped,optimallydoped and overdoped regions.The electronic phase diagram of Bi2223 is established which describes the Tcdependence on the sample doping level.The doping dependence of the nodal Fermi momentum for the outer(OP)and inner(IP)CuO2planes is determined.Charge distribution imbalance between the OP and IP CuO2planes is quantified,showing enhanced disparity with increasing doping.Nodal band dispersions demonstrate a prominent kink at~94 meV in the IP band,attributed to the unique Cu coordination in the IP plane,while a weaker~60 meV kink is observed in the OP band.The nodal Fermi velocity of both OP and IP bands is nearly constant at~1.62 eV·A independent of doping.These results provide important information to understand the origin of high Tcand superconductivity mechanism in high temperature cuprate superconductors.展开更多
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)has become a cornerstone technique for elucidating the electronic structures of emergent quantum materials.Among these,kagome materials—distinguished by their two-dimen...Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)has become a cornerstone technique for elucidating the electronic structures of emergent quantum materials.Among these,kagome materials—distinguished by their two-dimensional lattice of corner-sharing triangles—provide a fertile ground for investigating exotic quantum phenomena,driven by geometric frustration,electronic correlation,and topology.In this review,we present an overview of recent ARPES studies on transition-metal kagome materials.We first outline the fundamental features of their electronic structures,including van Hove singularities,Dirac points,and flat bands,and discuss the novel quantum states that arise from many-body interactions within the kagome lattice.We then highlight key ARPES investigations into these unique electronic structures,detailing their manifestation and associated quantum states in representative kagome materials.Finally,we offer a forward-looking perspective on the potential of ARPES to uncover new quantum phenomena and its broader implications for the study of underlying physics in kagome materials.展开更多
Molecular frame photoemission is a very sensitive probe of the photoionization (PI) dynamics of molecules. This paper reports a comparative study of non-resonant and resonant photoionization of D2 induced by VUV cir...Molecular frame photoemission is a very sensitive probe of the photoionization (PI) dynamics of molecules. This paper reports a comparative study of non-resonant and resonant photoionization of D2 induced by VUV circularly polarized synchrotron radiation at SOLEIL at the level of the molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs). We use the vector correlation method which combines imaging and time-of-flight resolved electron-ion coincidence techniques, and a generalized formalism for the expression of the Ⅰ(χ, θe, Фe) MFPADs, where χ is the orientation of the molecular axis with respect to the light quantization axis and (θe, Фe) the electron emission direction in the molecular frame. Selected MFPADs for a molecule aligned parallel or perpendicular to linearly polarized light, or perpendicular to the propagation axis of circularly polarized light, are presented for dissociative photoionization (DPI) of D2 at two photon excitation energies, hv=19 eV, where direct PI is the only channel opened, and hv=32.5 eV, i.e. in the region involving resonant excitation of Q1 and Q2 doubly excited state series. We discuss in particular the properties of the circular dichroism characterizing photoemission in the molecular frame for direct and resonant PI. In the latter case, a remarkable behavior is observed which may be attributed to the interference occurring between undistinguishable autoionization decay channels.展开更多
We study the photoemission process of graded-doping CaN photocathode and find that the built-in electric fields can increase the escape probability and the effective diffusion length of photo-generated electrons, whic...We study the photoemission process of graded-doping CaN photocathode and find that the built-in electric fields can increase the escape probability and the effective diffusion length of photo-generated electrons, which results in the enhancement of quantum efficiency. The intervalley scattering mechanism and the lattice scattering mechanism in high electric fields are also investigated. To prevent negative differential mobility from appearing, the surface doping concentration needs to be optimized, and it is calculated to be 3.19×10^17 cm-3. The graded-doping GaN photocathode with higher performance can be realized by further optimizing the doping profile.展开更多
We report comprehensive angle-resolved photoemission investigations on the electronic structures and nematicity of the parent compounds of the iron-based superconductors including CeFeAsO, BaFe2As2, NaFeAs, FeSe and u...We report comprehensive angle-resolved photoemission investigations on the electronic structures and nematicity of the parent compounds of the iron-based superconductors including CeFeAsO, BaFe2As2, NaFeAs, FeSe and undoped FeSe/SrTiO3 films with 1, 2 and 20 layers. While the electronic structure near tile Brillouin zone center F varies dramatically among different materials, the electronic structure near the Brillouin zone corners (M points), as well as their temperature dependence, are rather similar. The electronic structure near the zone corners is dominated by the electronic nematicity that gives rise to a band splitting of the dxz and dyz bands below the nematie transition temperature. A clear relation is observed between the band splitting magnitude arid the onset temperature of nematicity. Our results may shed light on the origin of nematicity, its effect on the electronic structures, and its relation with superconductivity in the iron-based superconductors.展开更多
High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on transition metal dichalcogenide PdTe2 that is a superconductor with a Tc at 1.7K. Combined with theoretical calculations, we discover for th...High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on transition metal dichalcogenide PdTe2 that is a superconductor with a Tc at 1.7K. Combined with theoretical calculations, we discover for the first time the existence of topologically nontrivial surface state with Dirac cone in PbTe2 superconductor. It is located at the Brillouin zone center and possesses helical spin texture. Distinct from the usual three-dimensional topological insulators where the Dirac cone of the surface state lies at the Fermi level, the Dirac point of the surface state in PdTe2 lies deeply below the Fermi level at - 1.75 eV binding energy and is well separated from the bulk states. The identification of topological surface state in PdTe2 superconductor deeply below the Fermi level provides a unique system to explore new phenomena and properties and opens a door for finding new topological materials in transition metal ehalcogenides.展开更多
The fast developing semiconductor industry is pushing to shrink and speed up transistors. This trend requires us to understand carrier dynamics in semiconductor heterojunctions with both high spatial and temporal reso...The fast developing semiconductor industry is pushing to shrink and speed up transistors. This trend requires us to understand carrier dynamics in semiconductor heterojunctions with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. Recently, we have successfully set up a timeresolved photoemission electron microscopy (TR-PEEM), which integrates the spectroscopic technique to measure electron densities at specific energy levels in space. This instrument provides us an unprecedented access to the evolution of electrons in terms of spatial location, time resolution, and energy, representing a new type of 4D spectro-microscopy. Here in this work, we present measurements of semiconductor performance with a time resolution of 184 fs, electron kinetic energy resolution of 150 meV, and spatial resolution of about 150 nm or better. We obtained time-resolved micro-area photoelectron spectra and energy-resolved TR-PEEM images on the Pb island on Si(111). These experimental results suggest that this instrument has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating the carrier dynamics in various heterojunctions, which will deepen our understanding of semiconductor properties in the submicronanometer spatial scales and ultrafast time scales.展开更多
Through the investigation of the sample surface and interface of 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA)/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films using atomic force microscopy, it has been found that the ...Through the investigation of the sample surface and interface of 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA)/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films using atomic force microscopy, it has been found that the surface is complanate, the growth is uniform and the defects cover basically the surface of ITO. Furthermore, the number of pinholes is small. The analysis of the sample surface and interface further verifies this result by using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. At the same time, PTCDA is found to have the ability of restraining the diffusion of chemical constituents from ITO to the hole transport layer, which is beneficial to the improvement of the performance and the useful lifetime of the organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).展开更多
The layered transition metal chalcogenides have been a fertile land in solid state physics for many decades. Various MX2-type transition metal dichalcogenides, such as WTe2, IrTe2, and MoS2, have triggered great atten...The layered transition metal chalcogenides have been a fertile land in solid state physics for many decades. Various MX2-type transition metal dichalcogenides, such as WTe2, IrTe2, and MoS2, have triggered great attention recently, either for the discovery of novel phenomena or some extreme or exotic physical properties, or for their potential applications. PdTe2 is a superconductor in the class of transition metal dichalcogenides, and superconductivity is enhanced in its Cu- intercalated form, Cuo.05PdTe2. It is important to study the electronic structures of PdTe2 and its intercalated form in order to explore for new phenomena and physical properties and understand the related superconductivity enhancement mecha- nism. Here we report systematic high resolution angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) studies on PdTe2 and Cuo.05PdTe2 single crystals, combined with the band structure calculations. We present in detail for the first time the complex multi-band Fermi surface topology and densely-arranged band structure of these compounds. By carefully examining the electronic structures of the two systems, we find that Cu-intercalation in PdTe2 results in electron-doping, which causes the band structure to shift downwards by nearly 16 meV in Cuo.05PdTe2. Our results lay a foundation for further exploration and investigation on PdTe2 and related superconductors.展开更多
We report direct nanoscale imaging of ultrafast plasmon in a gold dolmen nanostructure excited with the 7is laser pulses by combining the interferometric time-resolved technology with the three-photon photoemission el...We report direct nanoscale imaging of ultrafast plasmon in a gold dolmen nanostructure excited with the 7is laser pulses by combining the interferometric time-resolved technology with the three-photon photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). The interferometric time-resolved traces show that the plasmon mode beating pattern appears at the ends of the dimer slabs in the dolmen nanostructure as a result of coherent superposition of multiple localized surface plasmon modes induced by broad bandwidth of the ultrafast laser pulses. The PEEM measurement further discloses that in-phase of the oscillation field of two neighbor defects are surprisingly observed, which is attributed to the plasmon coupling between them. Furthermore, the control of the temporal delay between the pump and probe laser pluses could be utilized for manipulation of the near-field distribution. These findings deepen our understanding of ultrafast plasmon dynamics in a complex nanosystem.展开更多
We report the direct imaging of plasmon on the tips pulses and probing of ultrafast plasmon dynamics by of nano-prisms in a bowtie structure excited by 7 fs laser combining the pump-probe technology with three-photon ...We report the direct imaging of plasmon on the tips pulses and probing of ultrafast plasmon dynamics by of nano-prisms in a bowtie structure excited by 7 fs laser combining the pump-probe technology with three-photon photoemission electron microscopy. Different photoemission patterns induced by the plasmon effect are observed when the bowties are excited by s- and p-polarized femtosecond laser pulses. A series of images of the evolution of local surface plasmon modes on different tips of the bowtie are obtained by the time-resolved three-photon photoemission electron microscopy, and the result discloses that plasmon excitation is dominated by the interfer- ence of the pump and probe pulses within the first 13 fs of the delay time, and thereafter the individual plasmon starts to oscillate on its own characteristic resonant frequencies.展开更多
WTe2 has attracted a great deal of attention because it exhibits extremely large and non-saturating magnetore- sistance. The underlying origin of such a giant magnetoresistance is still under debate. Utilizing laser-b...WTe2 has attracted a great deal of attention because it exhibits extremely large and non-saturating magnetore- sistance. The underlying origin of such a giant magnetoresistance is still under debate. Utilizing laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with high energy and momentum resolutions, we reveal the complete electronic structure of WTe2. This makes it possible to determine accurately the electron and hole concentrations and their temperature dependence. We find that, with increasing the temperature, the overall electron concen- tration increases while the total hole concentration decreases. It indicates that the electron-hole compensation, if it exists, can only occur in a narrow temperature range,and in most of the temperature range there is an electron-hole imbalance. Our results are not consistent with the perfect electron-hole compensation picture that is commonly considered to be the cause of the unusual magnetoresistance in WTe2. We identify a fiat band near the Brillouin zone center that is close to the Fermi level and exhibits a pronounced temperature dependence. Such a fiat band can play an important role in dictating the transport properties of WTe2. Our results provide new insight on understanding the origin of the unusual magnetoresistance in WTe2.展开更多
Photoemission behaviors of nano-CeO2 films with particle sizes ranging from 8 nm to 50 nm and bulk CeO2 in Ce 4 d-4 f absorption region have been investigated. Resonant enhancements of Ce 4 f valance band and Ce 5 p b...Photoemission behaviors of nano-CeO2 films with particle sizes ranging from 8 nm to 50 nm and bulk CeO2 in Ce 4 d-4 f absorption region have been investigated. Resonant enhancements of Ce 4 f valance band and Ce 5 p bands for nano film and bulk material have been observed. The variation of electron density of states in valance bands of nano and bulk structures of CeO2 is discussed in terms of Ce 4 d-4 f resonance.展开更多
Valence band photoemission spectra (PES) for both bulk and nanocrystal CeO2 have been measured on and off resonance of Ce 4d-4f absorption edge. The PES show that the bulk and nanocrystal CeO2 of diameter ranging from...Valence band photoemission spectra (PES) for both bulk and nanocrystal CeO2 have been measured on and off resonance of Ce 4d-4f absorption edge. The PES show that the bulk and nanocrystal CeO2 of diameter ranging from 8nm to 50nm exhibit a peak near Fermi edge with binding energy of about 1.8eV. The 1.8eV peak shows a strong dependence on excitation energy, although it looks like the contribution of Ce3+ ion following the data reported in literatures. However, according to the results of resonance photoemission and X-ray absorption spectra at 1s edge, this electronic structure may be associated to the intermediate state charge transfer effects.展开更多
A numerical study has been conducted to explore the role of photoemission cross sections in the impurity photovoltaic(IPV) effect for silicon solar cells doped with indium. The photovoltaic parameters(short-circuit...A numerical study has been conducted to explore the role of photoemission cross sections in the impurity photovoltaic(IPV) effect for silicon solar cells doped with indium. The photovoltaic parameters(short-circuit current density, opencircuit voltage, and conversion efficiency) of the IPV solar cell were calculated as functions of variable electron and hole photoemission cross sections. The presented results show that the electron and hole photoemission cross sections play critical roles in the IPV effect. When the electron photoemission cross section is 10^-20cm^2, the conversion efficiencyη of the IPV cell always has a negative gain(△η 0) if the IPV impurity is introduced. A large hole photoemission cross section can adversely impact IPV solar cell performance. The combination of a small hole photoemission cross section and a large electron photoemission cross section can achieve higher conversion efficiency for the IPV solar cell since a large electron photoemission cross section can enhance the necessary electron transition from the impurity level to the conduction band and a small hole photoemission cross section can reduce the needless sub-bandgap absorption. It is concluded that those impurities with small(large) hole photoemission cross section and large(small) electron photoemission cross section,whose energy levels are near the valence(or conduction) band edge, may be suitable for use in IPV solar cells. These results may help in judging whether or not an impurity is appropriate for use in IPV solar cells according to its electron and hole photoemission cross sections.展开更多
The spatially-resolved laser-based high-resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) measurements have been performed on the optimally-doped YBa2Cu3O7-σ(Y123) superconductor. For the first tim...The spatially-resolved laser-based high-resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) measurements have been performed on the optimally-doped YBa2Cu3O7-σ(Y123) superconductor. For the first time, we found the region from the cleaved surface that reveals clear bulk electronic properties. The intrinsic Fermi surface and band structures of Y123 were observed. The Fermi surface-dependent and momentum-dependent superconducting gap was determined which is nodeless and consistent with the d+is gap form.展开更多
A theory of multiphoton photoemission is derived to explain the experimentally observed monotonic decrease with the wavelength in the electron yield of TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs)by as large as four orders of magnitude...A theory of multiphoton photoemission is derived to explain the experimentally observed monotonic decrease with the wavelength in the electron yield of TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs)by as large as four orders of magnitude.It is found that the fitting parameter corresponds to the energy position of Ti3d eg and t2g states,and the derived theory is a novel diagnostic of excited states in the conduction band,very importantly,applicable to individual NPs.The difference between four-photon slope NPs and three-photon slope NPs is attributed to the difference in defect density.The success of the theory in solving the puzzling result shows that thermal emission from high-lying levels may dominate over direct multiphoton ionization in solids when the photon number larger than four is required.展开更多
Searching for the dispersionless flat band(FB)in quantum materials,especially in topological systems,becomes an interesting topic.The kagome lattice is an ideal platform for such exploration because the FB can be natu...Searching for the dispersionless flat band(FB)in quantum materials,especially in topological systems,becomes an interesting topic.The kagome lattice is an ideal platform for such exploration because the FB can be naturally induced by the underlying destructive interference.Nevertheless,the magnetic kagome system that hosts the FB close to the Fermi level(EF)is exceptionally rare.Here,we study the electronic structure of a kagome magnet LuMn6Sn6 by combining angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.The observed Fermi-surface topology and overall band dispersions are similar to previous studies of the XMn6Sn6(X=Dy,Tb,Gd,Y)family of compounds.We clearly observe two kagome-derived FBs extending through the entire Brillouin zone,and one of them is located just below EF.The photon-energy-dependent measurements reveal that these FBs are nearly dispersionless along the kz direction as well,supporting the quasi-two-dimensional character of such FBs.Our results complement the XMn6Sn6 family and demonstrate the robustness of the FB features across this family.展开更多
In high temperature cuprate superconductors,it was found that the superfluid density decreases with the increase of hole doping.One natural question is whether there exists normal fluid in the superconducting state in...In high temperature cuprate superconductors,it was found that the superfluid density decreases with the increase of hole doping.One natural question is whether there exists normal fluid in the superconducting state in the overdoped region.In this paper,we have carried out high-resolution ultra-low temperature laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements on a heavily overdoped Bi2212 sample with a Tc of 48 K.We find that this heavily overdoped Bi2212 remains in the strong coupling regime with 2Δ0/(kBTc)=5.8.The single-particle scattering rate is very small along the nodal direction(~5 meV) and increases as the momentum moves from the nodal to the antinodal regions.A hard superconducting gap opening is observed near the antinodal region with the spectral weight at the Fermi level fully suppressed to zero.The normal fluid is found to be negligibly small in the superconducting state of this heavily overdoped Bi2212.These results provide key information to understand the high Tc mechanism in the cuprate superconductors.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1401800,2022YFA1604200,2022YFA1403900,2023YFA1406002,2024YFA1408301 and 2024YFA1408100)the National Natural Science Foun-dation of China(Grant Nos.12488201,12374066,12374154,12494593)+2 种基金Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2021ZD0301800)CAS Superconducting Research Project(Grant No.SCZX-0101)the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF).
摘要The spatially-resolved laser-based high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)measurements have been performed on the optimally-doped HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8+δ(Hg1223)superconductor with a Tc of 133 K.Two distinct regions are identified on the cleaved surface:the single Fermi surface region where only one Fermi surface is observed,and the double Fermi surface region where two Fermi surface sheets are resolved coming from both the inner(IP)and outer(OP)CuO2 planes.The electronic structure and superconducting gap are measured on both of these two regions.In both cases,the observed electronic states are mainly concentrated near the nodal region.The momentum dependence of the superconducting gap deviates from the standard d-wave form.These results indicate that the surface electronic structure of Hg1223 behaves more like that of underdoped cuprates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12488201 by X.J.Z.,12374066 by L.Z.,and 12374154 by X.T.L.)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1401800 by X.J.Z.,2022YFA1604200 by L.Z.,2022YFA1403900 by G.D.L.and 2023YFA1406000by X.T.L.)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB25000000by X.J.Z.)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301800 by X.J.Z.)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant No.Y2021006 by L.Z.)the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF)。
摘要The doping evolution of the nodal electron dynamics in the trilayer cuprate superconductor Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ(Bi2223)is investigated using high-resolution laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES).Bi2223single crystals with different doping levels are prepared by controlled annealing,which cover the underdoped,optimallydoped and overdoped regions.The electronic phase diagram of Bi2223 is established which describes the Tcdependence on the sample doping level.The doping dependence of the nodal Fermi momentum for the outer(OP)and inner(IP)CuO2planes is determined.Charge distribution imbalance between the OP and IP CuO2planes is quantified,showing enhanced disparity with increasing doping.Nodal band dispersions demonstrate a prominent kink at~94 meV in the IP band,attributed to the unique Cu coordination in the IP plane,while a weaker~60 meV kink is observed in the OP band.The nodal Fermi velocity of both OP and IP bands is nearly constant at~1.62 eV·A independent of doping.These results provide important information to understand the origin of high Tcand superconductivity mechanism in high temperature cuprate superconductors.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12488201,12074411,12374066,12374154,and 12494593)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1403900,2021YFA1401800,2022YFA1604200,2023YFA1406002,2024YFA1408301,and 2024YFA1400026)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB25000000 and XDB33000000)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301800)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS(Grant No.Y2021006)Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF).
摘要Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES)has become a cornerstone technique for elucidating the electronic structures of emergent quantum materials.Among these,kagome materials—distinguished by their two-dimensional lattice of corner-sharing triangles—provide a fertile ground for investigating exotic quantum phenomena,driven by geometric frustration,electronic correlation,and topology.In this review,we present an overview of recent ARPES studies on transition-metal kagome materials.We first outline the fundamental features of their electronic structures,including van Hove singularities,Dirac points,and flat bands,and discuss the novel quantum states that arise from many-body interactions within the kagome lattice.We then highlight key ARPES investigations into these unique electronic structures,detailing their manifestation and associated quantum states in representative kagome materials.Finally,we offer a forward-looking perspective on the potential of ARPES to uncover new quantum phenomena and its broader implications for the study of underlying physics in kagome materials.
摘要Molecular frame photoemission is a very sensitive probe of the photoionization (PI) dynamics of molecules. This paper reports a comparative study of non-resonant and resonant photoionization of D2 induced by VUV circularly polarized synchrotron radiation at SOLEIL at the level of the molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions (MFPADs). We use the vector correlation method which combines imaging and time-of-flight resolved electron-ion coincidence techniques, and a generalized formalism for the expression of the Ⅰ(χ, θe, Фe) MFPADs, where χ is the orientation of the molecular axis with respect to the light quantization axis and (θe, Фe) the electron emission direction in the molecular frame. Selected MFPADs for a molecule aligned parallel or perpendicular to linearly polarized light, or perpendicular to the propagation axis of circularly polarized light, are presented for dissociative photoionization (DPI) of D2 at two photon excitation energies, hv=19 eV, where direct PI is the only channel opened, and hv=32.5 eV, i.e. in the region involving resonant excitation of Q1 and Q2 doubly excited state series. We discuss in particular the properties of the circular dichroism characterizing photoemission in the molecular frame for direct and resonant PI. In the latter case, a remarkable behavior is observed which may be attributed to the interference occurring between undistinguishable autoionization decay channels.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60871012)the Research Fund of Nanjing University of Science and Technology (Grant No. 2010ZYTS032)
摘要We study the photoemission process of graded-doping CaN photocathode and find that the built-in electric fields can increase the escape probability and the effective diffusion length of photo-generated electrons, which results in the enhancement of quantum efficiency. The intervalley scattering mechanism and the lattice scattering mechanism in high electric fields are also investigated. To prevent negative differential mobility from appearing, the surface doping concentration needs to be optimized, and it is calculated to be 3.19×10^17 cm-3. The graded-doping GaN photocathode with higher performance can be realized by further optimizing the doping profile.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11190022,11334010 and 11534007the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB921000the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB07020300
摘要We report comprehensive angle-resolved photoemission investigations on the electronic structures and nematicity of the parent compounds of the iron-based superconductors including CeFeAsO, BaFe2As2, NaFeAs, FeSe and undoped FeSe/SrTiO3 films with 1, 2 and 20 layers. While the electronic structure near tile Brillouin zone center F varies dramatically among different materials, the electronic structure near the Brillouin zone corners (M points), as well as their temperature dependence, are rather similar. The electronic structure near the zone corners is dominated by the electronic nematicity that gives rise to a band splitting of the dxz and dyz bands below the nematie transition temperature. A clear relation is observed between the band splitting magnitude arid the onset temperature of nematicity. Our results may shed light on the origin of nematicity, its effect on the electronic structures, and its relation with superconductivity in the iron-based superconductors.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11190022,11274359 and 11422428the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2011CB921703,2011CBA00110,2011CBA00108 and 2013CB921700the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant Nos XDB07020300 and XDB07020100
摘要High-resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements are carried out on transition metal dichalcogenide PdTe2 that is a superconductor with a Tc at 1.7K. Combined with theoretical calculations, we discover for the first time the existence of topologically nontrivial surface state with Dirac cone in PbTe2 superconductor. It is located at the Brillouin zone center and possesses helical spin texture. Distinct from the usual three-dimensional topological insulators where the Dirac cone of the surface state lies at the Fermi level, the Dirac point of the surface state in PdTe2 lies deeply below the Fermi level at - 1.75 eV binding energy and is well separated from the bulk states. The identification of topological surface state in PdTe2 superconductor deeply below the Fermi level provides a unique system to explore new phenomena and properties and opens a door for finding new topological materials in transition metal ehalcogenides.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program (No.2018YFA0208700 and No.2016YFA0200602)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.21688102 and No.21403222)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.XDB17000000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.2017224)
摘要The fast developing semiconductor industry is pushing to shrink and speed up transistors. This trend requires us to understand carrier dynamics in semiconductor heterojunctions with both high spatial and temporal resolutions. Recently, we have successfully set up a timeresolved photoemission electron microscopy (TR-PEEM), which integrates the spectroscopic technique to measure electron densities at specific energy levels in space. This instrument provides us an unprecedented access to the evolution of electrons in terms of spatial location, time resolution, and energy, representing a new type of 4D spectro-microscopy. Here in this work, we present measurements of semiconductor performance with a time resolution of 184 fs, electron kinetic energy resolution of 150 meV, and spatial resolution of about 150 nm or better. We obtained time-resolved micro-area photoelectron spectra and energy-resolved TR-PEEM images on the Pb island on Si(111). These experimental results suggest that this instrument has the potential to be a powerful tool for investigating the carrier dynamics in various heterojunctions, which will deepen our understanding of semiconductor properties in the submicronanometer spatial scales and ultrafast time scales.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60276026) and the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province, China (Grant No ZS031-A25-012-G).
摘要Through the investigation of the sample surface and interface of 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA)/indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin films using atomic force microscopy, it has been found that the surface is complanate, the growth is uniform and the defects cover basically the surface of ITO. Furthermore, the number of pinholes is small. The analysis of the sample surface and interface further verifies this result by using x-ray photoemission spectroscopy. At the same time, PTCDA is found to have the ability of restraining the diffusion of chemical constituents from ITO to the hole transport layer, which is beneficial to the improvement of the performance and the useful lifetime of the organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11190022)the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2011CB921703 and 2011CBA00110)the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB07020300)
摘要The layered transition metal chalcogenides have been a fertile land in solid state physics for many decades. Various MX2-type transition metal dichalcogenides, such as WTe2, IrTe2, and MoS2, have triggered great attention recently, either for the discovery of novel phenomena or some extreme or exotic physical properties, or for their potential applications. PdTe2 is a superconductor in the class of transition metal dichalcogenides, and superconductivity is enhanced in its Cu- intercalated form, Cuo.05PdTe2. It is important to study the electronic structures of PdTe2 and its intercalated form in order to explore for new phenomena and physical properties and understand the related superconductivity enhancement mecha- nism. Here we report systematic high resolution angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES) studies on PdTe2 and Cuo.05PdTe2 single crystals, combined with the band structure calculations. We present in detail for the first time the complex multi-band Fermi surface topology and densely-arranged band structure of these compounds. By carefully examining the electronic structures of the two systems, we find that Cu-intercalation in PdTe2 results in electron-doping, which causes the band structure to shift downwards by nearly 16 meV in Cuo.05PdTe2. Our results lay a foundation for further exploration and investigation on PdTe2 and related superconductors.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013CB922404the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11474040,11474039,61605017 and 61575030the Project of Changchun Science and Technology Bureau under Grant No 14KP007
摘要We report direct nanoscale imaging of ultrafast plasmon in a gold dolmen nanostructure excited with the 7is laser pulses by combining the interferometric time-resolved technology with the three-photon photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM). The interferometric time-resolved traces show that the plasmon mode beating pattern appears at the ends of the dimer slabs in the dolmen nanostructure as a result of coherent superposition of multiple localized surface plasmon modes induced by broad bandwidth of the ultrafast laser pulses. The PEEM measurement further discloses that in-phase of the oscillation field of two neighbor defects are surprisingly observed, which is attributed to the plasmon coupling between them. Furthermore, the control of the temporal delay between the pump and probe laser pluses could be utilized for manipulation of the near-field distribution. These findings deepen our understanding of ultrafast plasmon dynamics in a complex nanosystem.
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2013CB922404the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 11474040 11274053,11474039 and 61178022the Project under Grant No 14KP007
摘要We report the direct imaging of plasmon on the tips pulses and probing of ultrafast plasmon dynamics by of nano-prisms in a bowtie structure excited by 7 fs laser combining the pump-probe technology with three-photon photoemission electron microscopy. Different photoemission patterns induced by the plasmon effect are observed when the bowties are excited by s- and p-polarized femtosecond laser pulses. A series of images of the evolution of local surface plasmon modes on different tips of the bowtie are obtained by the time-resolved three-photon photoemission electron microscopy, and the result discloses that plasmon excitation is dominated by the interfer- ence of the pump and probe pulses within the first 13 fs of the delay time, and thereafter the individual plasmon starts to oscillate on its own characteristic resonant frequencies.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11574367the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant Nos 2013CB921904 and 2015CB921300+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2016YFA0300600the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB07020300the US Department of Energy under Grant No DE-SC0014208
摘要WTe2 has attracted a great deal of attention because it exhibits extremely large and non-saturating magnetore- sistance. The underlying origin of such a giant magnetoresistance is still under debate. Utilizing laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy with high energy and momentum resolutions, we reveal the complete electronic structure of WTe2. This makes it possible to determine accurately the electron and hole concentrations and their temperature dependence. We find that, with increasing the temperature, the overall electron concen- tration increases while the total hole concentration decreases. It indicates that the electron-hole compensation, if it exists, can only occur in a narrow temperature range,and in most of the temperature range there is an electron-hole imbalance. Our results are not consistent with the perfect electron-hole compensation picture that is commonly considered to be the cause of the unusual magnetoresistance in WTe2. We identify a fiat band near the Brillouin zone center that is close to the Fermi level and exhibits a pronounced temperature dependence. Such a fiat band can play an important role in dictating the transport properties of WTe2. Our results provide new insight on understanding the origin of the unusual magnetoresistance in WTe2.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for financial support(Grant No.10074063)The Chinese Academy of Scicences(No.KJ952-S1-418)supported by 100-Talent Research Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences.
摘要Photoemission behaviors of nano-CeO2 films with particle sizes ranging from 8 nm to 50 nm and bulk CeO2 in Ce 4 d-4 f absorption region have been investigated. Resonant enhancements of Ce 4 f valance band and Ce 5 p bands for nano film and bulk material have been observed. The variation of electron density of states in valance bands of nano and bulk structures of CeO2 is discussed in terms of Ce 4 d-4 f resonance.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)for financial support under grants No.10074063The Chinese Academy of Science under No.KJ952-S1-418supported by 100-Talent Reasearch Program of The Chinese Academy of Sciences.
摘要Valence band photoemission spectra (PES) for both bulk and nanocrystal CeO2 have been measured on and off resonance of Ce 4d-4f absorption edge. The PES show that the bulk and nanocrystal CeO2 of diameter ranging from 8nm to 50nm exhibit a peak near Fermi edge with binding energy of about 1.8eV. The 1.8eV peak shows a strong dependence on excitation energy, although it looks like the contribution of Ce3+ ion following the data reported in literatures. However, according to the results of resonance photoemission and X-ray absorption spectra at 1s edge, this electronic structure may be associated to the intermediate state charge transfer effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61464007,61306084,11664025,and 51561022)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(Grant Nos.2014KY32,2013RC08,and 2015KY12)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China(Grant Nos.20151BAB207055 and 20161BAB201012)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2016M592115)
摘要A numerical study has been conducted to explore the role of photoemission cross sections in the impurity photovoltaic(IPV) effect for silicon solar cells doped with indium. The photovoltaic parameters(short-circuit current density, opencircuit voltage, and conversion efficiency) of the IPV solar cell were calculated as functions of variable electron and hole photoemission cross sections. The presented results show that the electron and hole photoemission cross sections play critical roles in the IPV effect. When the electron photoemission cross section is 10^-20cm^2, the conversion efficiencyη of the IPV cell always has a negative gain(△η 0) if the IPV impurity is introduced. A large hole photoemission cross section can adversely impact IPV solar cell performance. The combination of a small hole photoemission cross section and a large electron photoemission cross section can achieve higher conversion efficiency for the IPV solar cell since a large electron photoemission cross section can enhance the necessary electron transition from the impurity level to the conduction band and a small hole photoemission cross section can reduce the needless sub-bandgap absorption. It is concluded that those impurities with small(large) hole photoemission cross section and large(small) electron photoemission cross section,whose energy levels are near the valence(or conduction) band edge, may be suitable for use in IPV solar cells. These results may help in judging whether or not an impurity is appropriate for use in IPV solar cells according to its electron and hole photoemission cross sections.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11888101 and 11974404)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2021YFA1401800 and 2018YFA0704200)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program (B) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant Nos. XDB25000000 and XDB33000000)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (Grant No. Y2021006)Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (Grant No. 2021ZD0301800)the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility (SECUF)。
摘要The spatially-resolved laser-based high-resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy(ARPES) measurements have been performed on the optimally-doped YBa2Cu3O7-σ(Y123) superconductor. For the first time, we found the region from the cleaved surface that reveals clear bulk electronic properties. The intrinsic Fermi surface and band structures of Y123 were observed. The Fermi surface-dependent and momentum-dependent superconducting gap was determined which is nodeless and consistent with the d+is gap form.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.91850109,11474040,61605017,and 61775021)the“111”Project of China(Grant No.D17017).
摘要A theory of multiphoton photoemission is derived to explain the experimentally observed monotonic decrease with the wavelength in the electron yield of TiO2 nanoparticles(NPs)by as large as four orders of magnitude.It is found that the fitting parameter corresponds to the energy position of Ti3d eg and t2g states,and the derived theory is a novel diagnostic of excited states in the conduction band,very importantly,applicable to individual NPs.The difference between four-photon slope NPs and three-photon slope NPs is attributed to the difference in defect density.The success of the theory in solving the puzzling result shows that thermal emission from high-lying levels may dominate over direct multiphoton ionization in solids when the photon number larger than four is required.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12204536)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and the Research Funds of People’s Public Security University of China(PPSUC)(Grant No.2023JKF02ZK09).
摘要Searching for the dispersionless flat band(FB)in quantum materials,especially in topological systems,becomes an interesting topic.The kagome lattice is an ideal platform for such exploration because the FB can be naturally induced by the underlying destructive interference.Nevertheless,the magnetic kagome system that hosts the FB close to the Fermi level(EF)is exceptionally rare.Here,we study the electronic structure of a kagome magnet LuMn6Sn6 by combining angleresolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations.The observed Fermi-surface topology and overall band dispersions are similar to previous studies of the XMn6Sn6(X=Dy,Tb,Gd,Y)family of compounds.We clearly observe two kagome-derived FBs extending through the entire Brillouin zone,and one of them is located just below EF.The photon-energy-dependent measurements reveal that these FBs are nearly dispersionless along the kz direction as well,supporting the quasi-two-dimensional character of such FBs.Our results complement the XMn6Sn6 family and demonstrate the robustness of the FB features across this family.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12488201,12374066,12074411,and 12374154)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2021YFA1401800,2022YFA1604200,2022YFA1403900,and 2023YFA1406000)+3 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program(B)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant Nos.XDB25000000 and XDB33000000)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0301800)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.Y2021006)the Synergetic Extreme Condition User Facility(SECUF)。
摘要In high temperature cuprate superconductors,it was found that the superfluid density decreases with the increase of hole doping.One natural question is whether there exists normal fluid in the superconducting state in the overdoped region.In this paper,we have carried out high-resolution ultra-low temperature laser-based angle-resolved photoemission measurements on a heavily overdoped Bi2212 sample with a Tc of 48 K.We find that this heavily overdoped Bi2212 remains in the strong coupling regime with 2Δ0/(kBTc)=5.8.The single-particle scattering rate is very small along the nodal direction(~5 meV) and increases as the momentum moves from the nodal to the antinodal regions.A hard superconducting gap opening is observed near the antinodal region with the spectral weight at the Fermi level fully suppressed to zero.The normal fluid is found to be negligibly small in the superconducting state of this heavily overdoped Bi2212.These results provide key information to understand the high Tc mechanism in the cuprate superconductors.