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Bilingual phrase induction with local hard negative sampling 认领 引用
1
作者 Hailong Cao Hualin Miao +3 位作者 Weixuan Wang Liangyou Li Wei Peng Tiejun Zhao 《CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology》 SCIE EI CSCD 2025年第1期147-159,共13页
Bilingual lexicon induction focuses on learning word translation pairs,also known as bitexts,from monolingual corpora by establishing a mapping between the source and target embedding spaces.Despite recent advancement... Bilingual lexicon induction focuses on learning word translation pairs,also known as bitexts,from monolingual corpora by establishing a mapping between the source and target embedding spaces.Despite recent advancements,bilingual lexicon induction is limited to inducing bitexts consisting of individual words,lacking the ability to handle semantics-rich phrases.To bridge this gap and support downstream cross-lingual tasks,it is practical to develop a method for bilingual phrase induction that extracts bilingual phrase pairs from monolingual corpora without relying on cross-lingual knowledge.In this paper,the authors propose a novel phrase embedding training method based on the skip-gram structure.Specifically,a local hard negative sampling strategy that utilises negative samples of central tokens in sliding windows to enhance phrase embedding learning is introduced.The proposed method achieves competitive or superior performance compared to baseline approaches,with exceptional results recorded for distant languages.Additionally,we develop a phrase representation learning method that leverages multilingual pre-trained language models.These mPLMs-based representations can be combined with the above-mentioned static phrase embeddings to further improve the accuracy of the bilingual phrase induction task.We manually construct a dataset of bilingual phrase pairs and integrate it with MUSE to facilitate the bilingual phrase induction task. 展开更多
关键词 artificial intelligence local hard negative sampling natural language processing phrase embedding pre-trained language models
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LOOSE PHRASE EXTRACTION WITH n-BEST ALIGNMENTS 认领 引用
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作者 Xue Yongzeng Li Sheng 《Journal of Electronics(China)》 2007年第4期567-571,共5页
Loose phrase extraction method is proposed and applied for phrase-based statistical ma- chine translation. The method extracts phrase pairs that are not strictly consistent with word align- ments. Two types of constra... Loose phrase extraction method is proposed and applied for phrase-based statistical ma- chine translation. The method extracts phrase pairs that are not strictly consistent with word align- ments. Two types of constraints on word positions are investigated for this method. Furthermore, n-best alignments are introduced for phrase extraction instead of the one-best. Experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms the baseline system, Pharaoh system, for both one-best and n-best alignments. 展开更多
关键词 Statistical machine translation Phrase-based Alignment n-best Phrase extraction
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A Phrase Topic Model Based on Distributed Representation 认领 引用
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作者 Jialin Ma Jieyi Cheng +2 位作者 Lin Zhang Lei Zhou Bolun Chen 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2020年第7期455-469,共15页
Traditional topic models have been widely used for analyzing semantic topics from electronic documents.However,the obvious defects of topic words acquired by them are poor in readability and consistency.Only the domai... Traditional topic models have been widely used for analyzing semantic topics from electronic documents.However,the obvious defects of topic words acquired by them are poor in readability and consistency.Only the domain experts are possible to guess their meaning.In fact,phrases are the main unit for people to express semantics.This paper presents a Distributed Representation-Phrase Latent Dirichlet Allocation(DR-Phrase LDA)which is a phrase topic model.Specifically,we reasonably enhance the semantic information of phrases via distributed representation in this model.The experimental results show the topics quality acquired by our model is more readable and consistent than other similar topic models. 展开更多
关键词 Phrase topic model LDA distributed representation Gibbs sampling
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Idioms,Collocations,Formulaic Phrases and Second Language Acquisition 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 李胜玉 《Sino-US English Teaching》 2020年第8期235-238,共4页
Idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases are three factors playing the important role in the second language acquisition(SLA).This essay firstly deals with the definitions of these concepts,then it illustrates the im... Idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases are three factors playing the important role in the second language acquisition(SLA).This essay firstly deals with the definitions of these concepts,then it illustrates the importance of them to SLA on two perspectives—idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases respectively and they regarded as a whole.Therefore,in this way,the essay may lead to the answer the question“How are idioms,collocations,and formulaic phrases important to SLA?” 展开更多
关键词 idioms collocations formulaic phrases second language acquisition
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Acquiring synonymous attribute phrases for named entities via online encyclopedia 认领 引用
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作者 伍大勇 Zhao Shiqi Liu Ting 《High Technology Letters》 EI CAS 2013年第4期398-405,共8页
In this work,an approach is proposed to acquire synonymous attribute phrases of named entities(NEs) from an online encyclopedia.Synonymous attribute phrases are the phrases that express the same attribute with differe... In this work,an approach is proposed to acquire synonymous attribute phrases of named entities(NEs) from an online encyclopedia.Synonymous attribute phrases are the phrases that express the same attribute with different surface forms for a class of NEs.Specifically,the proposed approach is composed of three stages.Firstly,the entries related to a given NE class are automatically selected from an online encyclopedia.Secondly,attribute phrases are extracted based on the statistics of phrase frequency.Thirdly,synonymous attributes are identified in a pairwise manner through a classification framework combining multiple features.The proposed approach is applied on Baidu Baike,a Chinese online encyclopedia,for four different NE classes.Experimental results show that the approach obtains an average precision of 74%and an average F-value of 65%for the four NE classes.In particular,thousands of synonymous attribute phrase pairs are acquired for each class,which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. 展开更多
关键词 attribute phrase named entity （NE） synonymous attribute online encyclopedia
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'Tortured phrases' in post-publication peer review of materials, computer and engineering sciences reveal linguistic-related editing problems 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Jaime A.Teixeira da Silva 《Publishing Research》 2022年第1期38-43,共6页
A surge in post-publication activity related to editing,including by technical editors and copyeditors,is worthy of some discussion.One of these issues involves the issue of'tortured phrases',which are bizarre... A surge in post-publication activity related to editing,including by technical editors and copyeditors,is worthy of some discussion.One of these issues involves the issue of'tortured phrases',which are bizarre terms and phrases in academic papers that replace standard English expressions or jargon.This phenomenon may reveal an attempt to avoid the detection of textual similarity or to masquerade plagiarism,and yet remain undetected by editors,peer reviewers and text editors.Potentially thousands of cases have already been discovered and reported publicly on the post-publication platform PubPeer.In this opinion paper,35 cases from ranked scholarly journals are presented,mainly the fields of materials,computer and engineering sciences.This collation serves to expand discussion about this integrity-related phenomenon and to increase educational awareness of the topic. 展开更多
关键词 phrases computer replace
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基于统计特征的Quality Phrase挖掘方法 认领 引用 被引量：4
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作者 杨欢欢 赵书良 +2 位作者 李文斌 武永亮 田国强 《数据采集与处理》 CSCD 北大核心 2020年第3期458-473,共16页
Quality Phrase挖掘是从文本语料库中提取有意义短语的过程,是文档摘要、信息检索等任务的基础。然而现有的无监督短语挖掘方法存在候选短语质量不高、Quality Phrase的特征权重平均分配的问题。本文提出基于统计特征的Quality Phrase... Quality Phrase挖掘是从文本语料库中提取有意义短语的过程,是文档摘要、信息检索等任务的基础。然而现有的无监督短语挖掘方法存在候选短语质量不高、Quality Phrase的特征权重平均分配的问题。本文提出基于统计特征的Quality Phrase挖掘方法,将频繁N-Gram挖掘、多词短语组合性约束及单词短语拼写检查相结合,保证了候选短语的质量;引入公共知识库对候选短语添加类别标签,实现了Quality Phrase特征权重的分配,并考虑特征之间相互影响设置惩罚因子调整权重比例;按照候选短语的特征加权函数得分排序,提取Quality Phrase。实验结果表明,基于统计特征的Quality Phrase挖掘方法明显提高了短语挖掘的精度,与最优的无监督短语挖掘方法相比,精确率、召回率及F1-Score分别提升了5.97%,1.77%和4.02%。 展开更多
关键词 文本挖掘 Quality Phrase 统计特征 候选短语 特征加权
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The Characteristics of the Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases in Business English Contracts and Translation 认领 引用
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作者 汪敏飞 练泽权 《海外英语》 2017年第13期148-150,共3页
A majority of contracts will use many prepositions and prepositional phrases to reflect their preciseness which cause the treaty wording complicated and hard to understand. This paper tends to demonstrate the characte... A majority of contracts will use many prepositions and prepositional phrases to reflect their preciseness which cause the treaty wording complicated and hard to understand. This paper tends to demonstrate the characteristics of the prepositions and prepositional phrases used in business English contracts and explore the translation strategies used in translating the features of the prepositions and the prepositional phrases in business English contracts. The findings of this paper can provide a reference for the majority of the trade workers, which can help them accurately and effectively draft or translate a contract and avoid unnecessary disputes. 展开更多
关键词 business English contracts prepositions prepositional phrases
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Translation Strategy of Metaphorical Phrases from the Cultural Perspective 认领 引用
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作者 甘彩虹 《海外英语》 2015年第2期220-221,共2页
Translators frequently come across metaphors and similes, which are important ways of figure of speech. Figures of speech are actually vehicles of culture, and metaphorical phrases are the essence of human's cultu... Translators frequently come across metaphors and similes, which are important ways of figure of speech. Figures of speech are actually vehicles of culture, and metaphorical phrases are the essence of human's culture. So the strategies adopted in the translation of metaphors and similes are the reflection of the translators' attitude towards culture. This paper holds the belief that foreignization should be the main translation strategy when dealing with the metaphorical phrases bearing cultural connotations. 展开更多
关键词 translation strategy metaphorical phrases culture
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Syntactic Interference of Thai Numeral Phrase Structure on Vietnamese Numeral Phrase Structure 认领 引用
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作者 Songgot Paanchiangwong 《US-China Foreign Language》 2011年第10期626-633,共8页
Interference of Thai numeral phrase structure on Vietnamese numeral phrase structure has been occurred when Vietnamese living in Udon Thani province （Thailand） talk about the number of something in Vietnamese within... Interference of Thai numeral phrase structure on Vietnamese numeral phrase structure has been occurred when Vietnamese living in Udon Thani province （Thailand） talk about the number of something in Vietnamese within their community. They unexpectedly use the structure of Thai numeral phrase to replace their own numeral phrase structure. Even though members of Thai and Vietnamese numeral phrase structure are the same in amount and categories but those members are placed in the different way. This phenomenon is a kind of interference called ＂＇syntactic interference＇ 展开更多
关键词 interference syntactic interference Thai numeral phrase Vietnamese numeral phrase
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Layers of the Determiner Phrase in Mandarin Chinese 认领 引用
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作者 HONG Shuang 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2018年第6期946-950,共5页
There are three probabilities to claim that Mandarin Chinese has multiple Determiner Phrase （DP） structures： （1） Simpson （2001） takes “de” in nominal phrase as the head of the structure： “Zhangsan de shu” ... There are three probabilities to claim that Mandarin Chinese has multiple Determiner Phrase （DP） structures： （1） Simpson （2001） takes “de” in nominal phrase as the head of the structure： “Zhangsan de shu” is a DP and “de” is the head D. In this theory, when “de” and demonstratives like “thishat” appear in the same structure, there is going to be a multiple DP structure. （2） Huang, Li ＆ Li （2008） take both pronouns and demonstratives as the heads of the appositive structures like “tamen zhe sange haizi”. In this opinion, Mandarin Chinese has Split-D structures like Italian, Hungarian and Greek. （3） It seems that a Mandarin DP could have double heads D when two determiners both appear in the same structure. In “renhe zhe lei wenti”, the determiners “renhe” and “zhe” both appear. The structure is going to be analyzed as a multiple DP or a Split-D structure. However, the paper proves that Mandarin Chinese has no multiple DP structures, not like Italian, Hungarian or Greek. 展开更多
关键词 nominal phrase determiner phrase layers of DP
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Hybrid Neural Network for Automatic Recovery of Elliptical Chinese Quantity Noun Phrases 认领 引用
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作者 Hanyu Shi Weiguang Qu +4 位作者 Tingxin Wei Junsheng Zhou Yunfei Long Yanhui Gu Bin Li 《Computers, Materials & Continua》 SCIE EI 2021年第12期4113-4127,共15页
In Mandarin Chinese,when the noun head appears in the context,a quantity noun phrase can be reduced to a quantity phrase with the noun head omitted.This phrase structure is called elliptical quantity noun phrase.The a... In Mandarin Chinese,when the noun head appears in the context,a quantity noun phrase can be reduced to a quantity phrase with the noun head omitted.This phrase structure is called elliptical quantity noun phrase.The automatic recovery of elliptical quantity noun phrase is crucial in syntactic parsing,semantic representation and other downstream tasks.In this paper,we propose a hybrid neural network model to identify the semantic category for elliptical quantity noun phrases and realize the recovery of omitted semantics by supplementing concept categories.Firstly,we use BERT to generate character-level vectors.Secondly,Bi-LSTM is applied to capture the context information of each character and compress the input into the context memory history.Then CNN is utilized to capture the local semantics of n-grams with various granularities.Based on the Chinese Abstract Meaning Representation(CAMR)corpus and Xinhua News Agency corpus,we construct a hand-labeled elliptical quantity noun phrase dataset and carry out the semantic recovery of elliptical quantity noun phrase on this dataset.The experimental results show that our hybrid neural network model can effectively improve the performance of the semantic complement for the elliptical quantity noun phrases. 展开更多
关键词 Elliptical quantity noun phrase semantic complement neural network
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The Semantic Comparison between Bare Noun Phrases in English and in Chinese 认领 引用
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作者 马永娜 《海外英语》 2018年第11期230-233,共4页
Since Carlson(1977), bare noun phrases(which willbe referred to as BNPs afterwards) have been a focus of linguistics in English. Gradually, the studies of bare noun phrase has also caught much attention in China. Desp... Since Carlson(1977), bare noun phrases(which willbe referred to as BNPs afterwards) have been a focus of linguistics in English. Gradually, the studies of bare noun phrase has also caught much attention in China. Despite of the extensive studies of BNPs in English and Chinese respectively, a systematic comparison between English and Chinese BNPs in semantic readings is still less developed. More detailed studies and comparisons are obviously desirable. Most linguists agree that the semantics of the predicates, syntactic distribution and pragmatic factors all have a role to play in determining the interpretation of BNPs. Thus the paper has systematically made a semantic comparison between English BNPs and Chinese BNPs in terms of different predicate types and different syntactic distributions following the four semantic readings of BNPs of Shen(2005), namely, generic reading, existential reading,definite reading and non-referential reading. 展开更多
关键词 bare noun phrases semantic comparison predicate types syntactic distribution
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The Structure of a Noun Phrase in Ezha, Ethio-Semitic 认领 引用
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作者 Endalew Assefa 《宏观语言学》 2016年第2期54-64,共11页
This article is meant to provide a descriptive account of a noun phrase in the Ezha language. By so doing, no particular theoretical assumption is adhered to; the data analysis is dictated by a purely descriptive pers... This article is meant to provide a descriptive account of a noun phrase in the Ezha language. By so doing, no particular theoretical assumption is adhered to; the data analysis is dictated by a purely descriptive perspective. Data for the study were accessed by consulting native speakers through elicitation augmented by recording of spontaneous speech. A noun phrase in Ezha is found out to be built out of a head noun alone or a head noun together with (a) dependent(s). In situations where a noun phrase is made up of a head noun along with dependents, the dependents can be a noun, an adjective, a numeral, a demonstrative and/or a relative clause. The phrase is always head-final. 展开更多
关键词 noun phrase Ezha head dependent modifier complement
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Wolf Phrases 认领 引用
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作者 倪春丽 《英语知识》 2008年第8期10-10,共1页
a lone wolf独居单干的人the big bad wolf大坏蛋wolf in sheep’s clothing披着羊皮的狼ugly enough to tree a wolf丑陋至极have a wolf in the
关键词 Wolf Phrases
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TAV of English Finite Verb Phrase 认领 引用
16
作者 Peter Lung-shan CHUNG 《Journal of Literature and Art Studies》 2018年第7期1126-1130,共5页
It is widely known that a finite verb phrase(fVP)of a clause in English consists of three components:tense,aspect and voice.While the two tenses,present and past,and the two voices,active and passive,are recognized an... It is widely known that a finite verb phrase(fVP)of a clause in English consists of three components:tense,aspect and voice.While the two tenses,present and past,and the two voices,active and passive,are recognized and generally agreed,the number and constituents of aspects may not be so simple and they are open to dispute.This paper proposes that a new aspect,the“modal”aspect,be included in addition to the commonly recognized ones,namely“simple”,“perfect”and“continuous”(also known as“progressive”).With the inclusion of the“modal”aspect,there are four single aspects:“simple”,“modal”,“perfect”and“continuous”.They can be combined to form multiple aspects according to the aforesaid sequence.The“modal”aspect is realized with a modal verb(any ofthe modal verbs will/would,shall/should,can/could,may/might,must,ought to,used to and the two semi-modals,“need”and“dare”in interrogative and negative structures).Whenever a modal verb is used,the verb phrase is in the modal aspect.The modal verb to be used is for the interlocutor to decide and falls beyond this discussion,which focuses on the structure of the fVP of the English language.The two tenses,eight aspects and two voices(active and passive)make up the 32 TAVs(an acronym formed with“Tense”,“Aspect”and“Voice”)of the English fVP.The“discovery”of the“modal”aspect and its incorporation in the aspect system of English might have a significant impact on the learning of English for non-native speakers as they would have a clearer and more precise concept about the“TAVs”of the English fVP. 展开更多
关键词 English verb phrase finite verb phrase tense aspect mood modality modal verb TAV
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A Study on the Function of the English Participial Phrases 认领 引用
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作者 Mariam Mohammad Abdel-Aziz Al-Momani 《US-China Foreign Language》 2019年第2期67-73,共7页
This paper presents an analysis of the function of participial phrases in English as a result of having a controversy regarding this issue.Besides the adjectival value of participial phrases that is commonly claimed b... This paper presents an analysis of the function of participial phrases in English as a result of having a controversy regarding this issue.Besides the adjectival value of participial phrases that is commonly claimed by many linguists,an adverbial character is distinguished by others who argue that the function of the participial phrase is determined by its position within the sentence.The study aims to give better insight on the use of the participial phrases.The study is qualitative in nature drawing mostly upon books,articles,and websites for data.Through examining some grammarians’viewpoints,it becomes clear that participial phrases have two functions as an adjective and as an adverb determined mainly by their structural distribution. 展开更多
关键词 adjectival participials adverbial participial phrases participial phrases participial relative clause participials
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USE OF PARAPHRASE IN ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING 认领 引用
18
《长江工程职业技术学院学报》 CAS 1991年第1期34-38,共5页
In advanced stage of English language learning,students would meet witmany difficulties in understanding English in the original.Traditionaltranslation method fails to help students to overcome these difficulties,fori... In advanced stage of English language learning,students would meet witmany difficulties in understanding English in the original.Traditionaltranslation method fails to help students to overcome these difficulties,forin translation,they might give a word-for-word version.Translation inmother tongue is able to pour the surface meaning into students’brains,butit is not able to build a bridge from the surface meaning to the implicationin deep structures,and the original language materials can hardly be explo-ited to improve students’command of expression techniches.To avoid 展开更多
关键词 tongue hardly command overcome sentence brains phrase mother speaker attempt
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The Kisa Noun Phrase 认领 引用
19
作者 Dr. Emily Ayieta Ondondo 《US-China Foreign Language》 2015年第10期687-700,共14页
The phrase is a significant unit of analysis in the grammar of any language. It is not only studied at the syntactic level but also at other levels of analysis-phonology, morphology, semantics, and pragmatics. Differe... The phrase is a significant unit of analysis in the grammar of any language. It is not only studied at the syntactic level but also at other levels of analysis-phonology, morphology, semantics, and pragmatics. Different types of phrases have been identified and described in the grammar of English and other languages. However, the noun and verb phrases are the most important and widely described phrases given that the structure of many languages revolves around the noun and the verb word. Though, there are some studies on the noun phrase in Bantu languages There is no study whatsoever in the literature dealing with the noun phrase in Kisa, a Bantu language spoken in Western Kenya. Moreover, the studies on the noun phrase in Bantu have looked only at the constituents of the noun phrase and their permissible order without considering the relationships that hold between or among these constituents. Adopting a descriptive design and using data generated by the author as a native speaker of Kisa, this paper identifies and describes the syntactic structures that constitute noun phrases in Kisa. It delineates the elements that form a noun phrase and explains how they combine. The paper then explains the relationships that hold between these elements by providing syntactic and morphological evidence. The paper shows that a noun phrase in Kisa has an obligatory element which is the head of the phrase and optional elements. There are those optional elements that need the head to make sense. These are closely linked to and in a dependency relationship with the head. Those optional elements that do not need the head to make sense are loosely linked to it and are not in a dependency relationship with the head. 展开更多
关键词 noun phrase head dependents dependency apposition
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Challenges in Translating Compound Nominal Phrases in Texts Used in Shipbuilding 认领 引用
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作者 Anca TRISCA 《US-China Foreign Language》 2015年第7期516-522,共7页
Our research article is an insight into nominalization of the naval architecture language used by the European Commission in texts related to shipbuilding as well as other disciplines related to the shipbuilding indus... Our research article is an insight into nominalization of the naval architecture language used by the European Commission in texts related to shipbuilding as well as other disciplines related to the shipbuilding industry. The present research article aims at identifying difficulties encountered in translating compound nominal phrases in texts related to shipbuilding issued by the European Commission as well as other disciplines related to the shipbuilding industry. In order to achieve this aim, compound phrases are classified according to their components. Furthermore, nominal phrases are translated and analyzed. Out of the total number of nominal phrases, only the most frequent ones are the topic of our interest. 展开更多
关键词 European Commission shipbuilding compound nominal phrases naval architecture
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