Predicting rolling contact fatigue crack hot spots or regions with increased local driving forces in rails is challenging due to the wide range of factors that influence crack initiation.Rail sections experience fluct...Predicting rolling contact fatigue crack hot spots or regions with increased local driving forces in rails is challenging due to the wide range of factors that influence crack initiation.Rail sections experience fluctuating creepage conditions,contact positions,and loads throughout their lifespan,influencing the development and location of fatigue cracks.A new computational method is proposed that predicts the orientation and regions prone to rolling contact fatigue cracks under realistic service loading.It combines multi-body simulations,finite element analysis,and critical plane approaches.A novel multi-variable sampling technique simplifies loading spectra into representative traction profiles,which are then analyzed using finite element analysis and the Smith-Watson-Topper damage indicator parameter(DIPSWT).The maximum DIPSWTvalue identifies the critical plane and potential crack orientation.A case study on the Swedish heavy haul train line(Malmbanan)considers measured traffic and loading conditions,analyzing the wheel load spectrum for a 384 m long section of a R=450 m curve.Results show that the DIPSWTis highest for the locomotive with a loaded payload configuration,with a maximum value of 3.84×10−8located at 38.59 mm from the lower gauge face corner.The DIPSWTcritical plane aligns with experi-mental measurements of RCF cracks orientations near the gauge corner.This computational method,when combined with other predictive tools,can efficiently identify conditions that lead to RCF cracks and determine their possible locations and orientations in railway tracks.展开更多
Several types of acoustic metamaterial(AM)plates have been developed to achieve low-frequency and wide bandgaps,which are adjusted by their geometric configurations and material properties.This paper combines the clas...Several types of acoustic metamaterial(AM)plates have been developed to achieve low-frequency and wide bandgaps,which are adjusted by their geometric configurations and material properties.This paper combines the classical plate theory and the characteristics of piezoelectric materials,and uses the plane wave expansion method(PWEM)to derive the bandgap theoretical model of plate-type metastructures.The dispersion curves of the structures composed of elastic materials,piezoelectric materials,and functionally graded(FG)materials are compared and studied,and verified with the finite element simulation results.Then,the effects of temperatures,piezoelectric parameters,scatterer shapes,scatterer distributions,scatterer tapers,rubber layers,and spiral groove configurations on the bandgap of plate-type metastructures are discussed,and the material and geometric parameters are optimized with the genetic algorithm(GA).This study provides a reference for the design of low-frequency broadband structures.展开更多
Recently, stratospheric airships prefer to employ a vectored tail rotor or differential main propellers for the yaw control, rather than the control surfaces like common low-altitude airship. The load capacity of vect...Recently, stratospheric airships prefer to employ a vectored tail rotor or differential main propellers for the yaw control, rather than the control surfaces like common low-altitude airship. The load capacity of vectored mechanism and propellers are always limited by the weight and strength, which bring challenges for the attitude controller. In this paper, the yaw channel of airship dynamics is firstly rewritten as a simplified two-order dynamics equation and the dynamic charac- teristics is analyzed with a phase plane method. Analysis shows that when ignoring damping, the yaw control channel is available to the minimum principle of Pontryagin for optimal control, which can obtain a Bang-Bang controller. But under this controller, the control output could he bouncing around the theoretical switch curve due to the presence of disturbance and damping, which makes adverse effects for the servo structure. Considering the structure requirements of actuators, a phase plane method controller is employed, with a dead zone surrounded by several phase switch curve. Thus, the controller outputs are limited to finite values. Finally, through the numerical simulation and actual flight experiment, the method is proved to be effective.展开更多
The fatigue damage model based on theory of damage mechanics is capable of predicting the fatigue life under multiaxial loading.Meanwhile,the application of critical plane method in the prediction of multiaxial fatigu...The fatigue damage model based on theory of damage mechanics is capable of predicting the fatigue life under multiaxial loading.Meanwhile,the application of critical plane method in the prediction of multiaxial fatigue life has made certain progress.According to the law of thermodynamics,a new damage evolution equation is developed in the present study to predict the fatigue life of geometrically discontinuous structure under tension-torsion loading based on damage mechanics and the critical plane method.The essence of this approach is tha t the st rain parame ter of the uniaxial nonlinear fatigue damage model is replaced with the equivalent strain,which consists of the releva nt parame ters of the critical plane.However,it is difficult to calculate the stress-strain status and the critical plane position of geometrically dis?continuous structure by theoretical methods because of the existence of stress concentration and the multiaxial nonproportional characteristics.Therefore,a new numerical simulation method is proposed to determine the critical plane of geometrically discontinuous structure under multiaxial loading by means of the finite element method and MATLAB software.The fatigue life of notched specimens subjected to combined bending and torsion is predicted using the proposed met hod,and the result is compared with t hose from the experimen ts and the Manson-Cfiffin law.The comparisons show that the proposed method is superior to the Manson-Coffin law and is capable of reproducing the experimental results reasonably when the geometry of the structure is complex.It completely meets the needs of engineering practice.展开更多
An example of using ultrasonic method to detect the compactness of complicated concrete-filled steel tube in certain high-rise building was discussed in this study.Because of the particularity of the complicated concr...An example of using ultrasonic method to detect the compactness of complicated concrete-filled steel tube in certain high-rise building was discussed in this study.Because of the particularity of the complicated concrete-filled steel tubular column,the plane detection method and embedded sounding pipe method were adopted in the process of effectively detecting the column.According to the results of the plane detection method and embedded sounding pipe method,the cementing status of steel tube and concrete can be concluded,which cannot be judged by the hammering method in the rectangular steel tube-reinforced concrete.展开更多
To address the problem of data fusion between monocular camera image with 3 D data from laser detection and ranging(LADAR)sensor,this paper proposes a novel simplified scheme based on the planar feature method,which c...To address the problem of data fusion between monocular camera image with 3 D data from laser detection and ranging(LADAR)sensor,this paper proposes a novel simplified scheme based on the planar feature method,which can meet the accuracy requirements of the joint calibration with fewer checkerboard calibration plate(CP)positions than traditional methods.First,a mathematical model of the joint calibration is established to obtain the calibration parameters.Secondly,the selection of positions and orientations of the CP are introduced and the corresponding influence to the calibration is analyzed.Then,the calibration result is optimized by using a nonlinear Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)optimization approach,and the distance residual method is utilized to estimate the accuracy.Finally,experimental results conclude that the minimum number of positions required to meet the joint calibration accuracy in the proposed method is 5,which is less than 12 in traditional methods.展开更多
The valence subband energies and wave functions of a tensile strained quantum well are calculated by the plane wave expansion method within the 6×6 Luttinger Kohn model.The effect of the number and period of plan...The valence subband energies and wave functions of a tensile strained quantum well are calculated by the plane wave expansion method within the 6×6 Luttinger Kohn model.The effect of the number and period of plane waves used for expansion on the stability of energy eigenvalues is examined.For practical calculation,it should choose the period large sufficiently to ensure the envelope functions vanish at the boundary and the number of plane waves large enough to ensure the energy eigenvalues keep unchanged within a prescribed range.展开更多
In this paper the method of reciprocal theorem is extended to find solutions of plane problems of elasticity of the rectangular plates with various edge conditions.First we give the basic solution of the plane problem...In this paper the method of reciprocal theorem is extended to find solutions of plane problems of elasticity of the rectangular plates with various edge conditions.First we give the basic solution of the plane problem of the rectangular plate with four edges built-in as the basic system and then find displacement expressions of the actual system by using the reciprocal theorem between the basic system and actual system with various edge conditions.When only displacement edge conditions exist, obtaining displacement expressions by means of the method of reciprocal theorem is actual. But in other conditions, when static force edge conditions or mixed ones exist, the obtained displacements are admissible. In order to find actual displacement, the minimum potential energy theorem must be applied.Calculations show that the method of reciprocal theorem is a simple, convenient and general one for the solution of plane problems of elasticity of the rectangular plates with various edge conditions. Evidently, it is a new method.展开更多
The transient plane source(TPS)method is developed recently to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.In the measurement,the heating power is influenced by the heat which is transferred via the probe electrical...The transient plane source(TPS)method is developed recently to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.In the measurement,the heating power is influenced by the heat which is transferred via the probe electrical leads.This fact further influences the measurement accuracy of thermal conductivity.To solve this problem,the influence of heat loss through the electrical leads on the heating power is studied theoretically.The mathematical formula of heat loss is deduced,and the corresponding correction model is presented.A series of measurement experiments on different materials have been conducted by using the hot disk thermal constant analyzer.The results show that the influence of the heat loss on the measurement is sensitive to different test materials and probes with different sizes.When the thermal conductivity of the material is greater than 0.2 W/(m·K),the influence of the heat loss is less than 0.16%,which can be ignored.As to the lower thermal conductivity materials,it is necessary to compensate the heat loss through the electrical leads,and the accuracy of thermal conductivity measurement can be effectively improved.展开更多
In this paper, based on the step reduction method[1] and exact analytic method[2] anew method-exact element method for constructing finite element, is presented. Since the new method doesn 't need the variational ...In this paper, based on the step reduction method[1] and exact analytic method[2] anew method-exact element method for constructing finite element, is presented. Since the new method doesn 't need the variational principle, it can be applied to solve non-positive and positive definite partial differential equations with arbitrary variable coefficient. By this method, a quadrilateral noncompatible element with 8 degrees of freedom is derived for the solution of plane problem. Since Jacobi's transformation is not applied, the present element may degenerate into a triangle element. It is convenient to use the element in engineering. In this paper, the convergence is proved. Numerical examples are given at the endof this paper, which indicate satisfactory results of stress and displacements can be obtained and have higher numerical precision in nodes.展开更多
The generation expansion planning is one of complex mixed-integer optimization problems, which involves a large number of continuous or discrete decision variables and constraints. In this paper, an interior point wit...The generation expansion planning is one of complex mixed-integer optimization problems, which involves a large number of continuous or discrete decision variables and constraints. In this paper, an interior point with cutting plane (IP/CP) method is proposed to solve the mixed-integer optimization problem of the electrical power generation expansion planning. The IP/CP method could improve the overall efficiency of the solution and reduce the computational time. Proposed method is combined with the Bender's decomposition technique in order to decompose the generation expansion problem into a master investment problem and a slave operational problem. The numerical example is presented to compare with the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.展开更多
The plane wave numerical technique is recast from Ampere’s and Faraday’s laws for materials that are characterized with a bianisotropic form of the constitutive relations. The populating expressions are provided for...The plane wave numerical technique is recast from Ampere’s and Faraday’s laws for materials that are characterized with a bianisotropic form of the constitutive relations. The populating expressions are provided for the eigenvalue matrix system that can be directly solved for the angular frequencies and field profiles when bianisotropy is included. To demonstrate the computation process and expected state diagrams and field profiles, numerical computation examples are provided for a bianisotropic Bragg Array with central defect. It is shown that the location of the magnetoelectric tensor elements has a significant effect on the eigenstates of an equivalent isotropic (anisotropic) structure. One form of the magnetoelectric tensor (diagonal elements only) leads to the observation of merging states and the formation of exceptional points. The numerical approach presented can be implemented as an add-on to the familiar plane wave numerical technique.展开更多
To analyze the band gap characteristics of phononic crystals,a two-dimensional phononic crystal plate model with an elastic foundation was first established.The plane wave expansion method was used to compute the disp...To analyze the band gap characteristics of phononic crystals,a two-dimensional phononic crystal plate model with an elastic foundation was first established.The plane wave expansion method was used to compute the dispersion curves of this phononic crystal model,and the results were compared with those from the finite element method to verify their accuracy.Subsequently,a parameter study explored the effects of the elastic foundation coeffi-cient and coverage ratio on the band gap.The results indicate that as the coverage ratio of the elastic foundation increases,the band gap significantly expands,reaching its maximum value at 100%coverage.Additionally,as the elastic foundation stiffness increases,the band gap gradually widens and converges toward fixed boundary conditions.The study also investigated the band gap of phononic crystal plates with defects,finding that the vibrational energy concentrates at the defect unit cell.Furthermore,the defect band frequency can be effectively modulated by adjusting the coefficient of the elastic foundation,providing a theoretical basis for achieving efficient energy conversion.展开更多
This paper studies dispersion characteristics of the transverse magnetic (TM) mode for two-dimensional unmagnetized dielectric plasma photonic crystal by a modified plane wave method. First, the cutoff behaviour is ...This paper studies dispersion characteristics of the transverse magnetic (TM) mode for two-dimensional unmagnetized dielectric plasma photonic crystal by a modified plane wave method. First, the cutoff behaviour is made clear by using the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory, and the influences of dielectric filling factor and dielectric constant on effective plasma frequency are analysed. Moreover, the occurence of large gaps in dielectric plasma photonic crystal is demonstrated by comparing the skin depth with the lattice constant, and the influence of plasma frequency on the first three gaps is also studied. Finally, by using the particle-in-cell simulation method, a transmission curve in the Г - X direction is obtained in dielectric plasma photonic crystal, which is in accordance with the dispersion curves calculated by the modified plane wave method, and the large gap between the transmission points of 27 GHz and 47 GHz is explained by comparing the electric field patterns in particle-in-cell simulation.展开更多
The surface morphology and roughness of a workpiece are crucial parameters in grinding processes.Accurate prediction of these parameters is essential for maintaining the workpiece’s surface integrity.However,the rand...The surface morphology and roughness of a workpiece are crucial parameters in grinding processes.Accurate prediction of these parameters is essential for maintaining the workpiece’s surface integrity.However,the randomness of abrasive grain shapes and workpiece surface formation behaviors poses significant challenges,and accuracy in current physical mechanism-based predictive models is needed.To address this problem,by using the random plane method and accounting for the random morphology and distribution of abrasive grains,this paper proposes a novel method to model CBN grinding wheels and predict workpiece surface roughness.First,a kinematic model of a single abrasive grain is developed to accurately capture the three-dimensional morphology of the grinding wheel.Next,by formulating an elastic deformation and formation model of the workpiece surface based on Hertz theory,the variation in grinding arc length at different grinding depths is revealed.Subsequently,a predictive model for the surface morphology of the workpiece ground by a single abrasive grain is devised.This model integrates the normal distribution model of abrasive grain size and the spatial distribution model of abrasive grain positions,to elucidate how the circumferential and axial distribution of abrasive grains influences workpiece surface formation.Lastly,by integrating the dynamic effective abrasive grain model,a predictive model for the surface morphology and roughness of the grinding wheel is established.To examine the impact of changing the grit size of the grinding wheel and grinding depth on workpiece surface roughness,and to validate the accuracy of the model,experiments are conducted.Results indicate that the predicted three-dimensional morphology of the grinding wheel and workpiece surfaces closely matches the actual grinding wheel and ground workpiece surfaces,with surface roughness prediction deviations as small as 2.3%.展开更多
Absolute phononic band gaps can be substantially improved in two-dimensional lattices by using a symmetry reduction approach. In this paper, the propagation of elastic waves in a two-dirnensional hybrid triangular lat...Absolute phononic band gaps can be substantially improved in two-dimensional lattices by using a symmetry reduction approach. In this paper, the propagation of elastic waves in a two-dirnensional hybrid triangular lattice structure consisting of stainless steel cylinders in air is investigated theoretically. The band structure is calculated with the plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The hybrid triangular Bravais lattice is formed by two kinds of triangular lattices. Different from ordinary triangular lattices, the band gap opens at low frequency (between the first and the second bands) regime because of lifting the bands degeneracy at high symmetry points of the Brillouin zone. The location and width of the band gaps can be tuned by the position of the additional rods.展开更多
By using the plane-wave-expansion method, the band structure of three-dimension phononic crystals was calculated, in which the cuboid scatterers were arranged in a host with a face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure.The...By using the plane-wave-expansion method, the band structure of three-dimension phononic crystals was calculated, in which the cuboid scatterers were arranged in a host with a face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure.The influences of a few factors such as the component materials, the filling fraction of scatterers and the ratio (RHL) of the scatterer's height to its length on the band-gaps of phononic crystals were investigated.It is found that in the three-dimension solid phononic crystals with FCC structure, the optimum case to obtain band-gaps is to embed high-velocity and high-density scatterers in a low-velocity and low-density host. The maximum value of band-gap can be obtained when the filling fraction is in the middle value. It is also found that the symmetry of the scatterers strongly influences the band-gaps. For RHL>1, the width of the band-gap decreases as RHL increases. On the contrary, the width of the band-gap increases with the increase of RHL when RHL is smaller than 1.展开更多
Ideal proportional navigation (IPN) is a natural choice for exoatmospheric interception for its mighty capture capability and ease of implementation. The closed-form solution of two- dimensional ideal proportional n...Ideal proportional navigation (IPN) is a natural choice for exoatmospheric interception for its mighty capture capability and ease of implementation. The closed-form solution of two- dimensional ideal proportional navigation was conducted in previous public literature, whereas the practical interception happens in the three-dimensional space. A novel set of relative dynamic equations is adopted in this paper, which is with the advantage of decoupling relative motion in the instantaneous rotation plane of the line of sight from the rotation of this plane. The dimension-reduced IPN is constructed in this instantaneous plane, which functions as a three-dimensional guidance law. The trajectory features of dimension-reduced IPN are explored, and the capture regions of dimension-reduced IPN with limited acceleration against nonmaneuvering and maneuvering targets are analyzed by using phase plane method. It is proved that the capture capability of IPN is much stronger than true proportional navigation (TPN), no matter the target maneuvers or not. Finally, simulation results indicate that IPN is more effective than TPN in exoatmospheric interception scenarios.展开更多
We classify all positive solutions for the following integral system:{ui(x)=∫Rn1/│x-y│^n-α fi(u(y))dy,x∈R^n,i=1,…,m,0〈α〈n,and u(x)=(u1(x),u2(x)…,um(x)).Here fi(u), 1 ≤ i ≤m, monotone non...We classify all positive solutions for the following integral system:{ui(x)=∫Rn1/│x-y│^n-α fi(u(y))dy,x∈R^n,i=1,…,m,0〈α〈n,and u(x)=(u1(x),u2(x)…,um(x)).Here fi(u), 1 ≤ i ≤m, monotone nondecreasing are real-valued functions of homogeneous degree n+α-α and are monotone nondecreasing with respect to all the independent variables U1, u2, ..., urn.In the special case n ≥ 3 and α = 2. we show that the above system is equivalent to thefollowing elliptic PDE system:This system is closely related to the stationary SchrSdinger system with critical exponents for Bose-Einstein condensate展开更多
The complete band gaps (CBGs) of shallow water waves propagating over bottoms with periodically drilled holes are investigated numerically by the plane wave expansion method. Four different patterns are considered, ...The complete band gaps (CBGs) of shallow water waves propagating over bottoms with periodically drilled holes are investigated numerically by the plane wave expansion method. Four different patterns are considered, containing triangular, square, hexagonal and circular cross-sectioned holes arranged into triangular lattices. Results show that the width of CBGs can be changed by adjusting the orientation of noncircular holes and the effect of hole shape on the width of the maximal CBGs is discussed.展开更多
摘要Predicting rolling contact fatigue crack hot spots or regions with increased local driving forces in rails is challenging due to the wide range of factors that influence crack initiation.Rail sections experience fluctuating creepage conditions,contact positions,and loads throughout their lifespan,influencing the development and location of fatigue cracks.A new computational method is proposed that predicts the orientation and regions prone to rolling contact fatigue cracks under realistic service loading.It combines multi-body simulations,finite element analysis,and critical plane approaches.A novel multi-variable sampling technique simplifies loading spectra into representative traction profiles,which are then analyzed using finite element analysis and the Smith-Watson-Topper damage indicator parameter(DIPSWT).The maximum DIPSWTvalue identifies the critical plane and potential crack orientation.A case study on the Swedish heavy haul train line(Malmbanan)considers measured traffic and loading conditions,analyzing the wheel load spectrum for a 384 m long section of a R=450 m curve.Results show that the DIPSWTis highest for the locomotive with a loaded payload configuration,with a maximum value of 3.84×10−8located at 38.59 mm from the lower gauge face corner.The DIPSWTcritical plane aligns with experi-mental measurements of RCF cracks orientations near the gauge corner.This computational method,when combined with other predictive tools,can efficiently identify conditions that lead to RCF cracks and determine their possible locations and orientations in railway tracks.
摘要Several types of acoustic metamaterial(AM)plates have been developed to achieve low-frequency and wide bandgaps,which are adjusted by their geometric configurations and material properties.This paper combines the classical plate theory and the characteristics of piezoelectric materials,and uses the plane wave expansion method(PWEM)to derive the bandgap theoretical model of plate-type metastructures.The dispersion curves of the structures composed of elastic materials,piezoelectric materials,and functionally graded(FG)materials are compared and studied,and verified with the finite element simulation results.Then,the effects of temperatures,piezoelectric parameters,scatterer shapes,scatterer distributions,scatterer tapers,rubber layers,and spiral groove configurations on the bandgap of plate-type metastructures are discussed,and the material and geometric parameters are optimized with the genetic algorithm(GA).This study provides a reference for the design of low-frequency broadband structures.
基金sponsored by the National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Fund Projects of Chinese Academy of Science(No.CXJJ-14-M06)
摘要Recently, stratospheric airships prefer to employ a vectored tail rotor or differential main propellers for the yaw control, rather than the control surfaces like common low-altitude airship. The load capacity of vectored mechanism and propellers are always limited by the weight and strength, which bring challenges for the attitude controller. In this paper, the yaw channel of airship dynamics is firstly rewritten as a simplified two-order dynamics equation and the dynamic charac- teristics is analyzed with a phase plane method. Analysis shows that when ignoring damping, the yaw control channel is available to the minimum principle of Pontryagin for optimal control, which can obtain a Bang-Bang controller. But under this controller, the control output could he bouncing around the theoretical switch curve due to the presence of disturbance and damping, which makes adverse effects for the servo structure. Considering the structure requirements of actuators, a phase plane method controller is employed, with a dead zone surrounded by several phase switch curve. Thus, the controller outputs are limited to finite values. Finally, through the numerical simulation and actual flight experiment, the method is proved to be effective.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51605212)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province(Grant No.17JR5RA122)the Project of Hongliu First-class Disciplines Development Program of Lanzhou University of Technology.
摘要The fatigue damage model based on theory of damage mechanics is capable of predicting the fatigue life under multiaxial loading.Meanwhile,the application of critical plane method in the prediction of multiaxial fatigue life has made certain progress.According to the law of thermodynamics,a new damage evolution equation is developed in the present study to predict the fatigue life of geometrically discontinuous structure under tension-torsion loading based on damage mechanics and the critical plane method.The essence of this approach is tha t the st rain parame ter of the uniaxial nonlinear fatigue damage model is replaced with the equivalent strain,which consists of the releva nt parame ters of the critical plane.However,it is difficult to calculate the stress-strain status and the critical plane position of geometrically dis?continuous structure by theoretical methods because of the existence of stress concentration and the multiaxial nonproportional characteristics.Therefore,a new numerical simulation method is proposed to determine the critical plane of geometrically discontinuous structure under multiaxial loading by means of the finite element method and MATLAB software.The fatigue life of notched specimens subjected to combined bending and torsion is predicted using the proposed met hod,and the result is compared with t hose from the experimen ts and the Manson-Cfiffin law.The comparisons show that the proposed method is superior to the Manson-Coffin law and is capable of reproducing the experimental results reasonably when the geometry of the structure is complex.It completely meets the needs of engineering practice.
摘要An example of using ultrasonic method to detect the compactness of complicated concrete-filled steel tube in certain high-rise building was discussed in this study.Because of the particularity of the complicated concrete-filled steel tubular column,the plane detection method and embedded sounding pipe method were adopted in the process of effectively detecting the column.According to the results of the plane detection method and embedded sounding pipe method,the cementing status of steel tube and concrete can be concluded,which cannot be judged by the hammering method in the rectangular steel tube-reinforced concrete.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61103157)
摘要To address the problem of data fusion between monocular camera image with 3 D data from laser detection and ranging(LADAR)sensor,this paper proposes a novel simplified scheme based on the planar feature method,which can meet the accuracy requirements of the joint calibration with fewer checkerboard calibration plate(CP)positions than traditional methods.First,a mathematical model of the joint calibration is established to obtain the calibration parameters.Secondly,the selection of positions and orientations of the CP are introduced and the corresponding influence to the calibration is analyzed.Then,the calibration result is optimized by using a nonlinear Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)optimization approach,and the distance residual method is utilized to estimate the accuracy.Finally,experimental results conclude that the minimum number of positions required to meet the joint calibration accuracy in the proposed method is 5,which is less than 12 in traditional methods.
摘要The valence subband energies and wave functions of a tensile strained quantum well are calculated by the plane wave expansion method within the 6×6 Luttinger Kohn model.The effect of the number and period of plane waves used for expansion on the stability of energy eigenvalues is examined.For practical calculation,it should choose the period large sufficiently to ensure the envelope functions vanish at the boundary and the number of plane waves large enough to ensure the energy eigenvalues keep unchanged within a prescribed range.
摘要In this paper the method of reciprocal theorem is extended to find solutions of plane problems of elasticity of the rectangular plates with various edge conditions.First we give the basic solution of the plane problem of the rectangular plate with four edges built-in as the basic system and then find displacement expressions of the actual system by using the reciprocal theorem between the basic system and actual system with various edge conditions.When only displacement edge conditions exist, obtaining displacement expressions by means of the method of reciprocal theorem is actual. But in other conditions, when static force edge conditions or mixed ones exist, the obtained displacements are admissible. In order to find actual displacement, the minimum potential energy theorem must be applied.Calculations show that the method of reciprocal theorem is a simple, convenient and general one for the solution of plane problems of elasticity of the rectangular plates with various edge conditions. Evidently, it is a new method.
摘要The transient plane source(TPS)method is developed recently to measure the thermal conductivity of materials.In the measurement,the heating power is influenced by the heat which is transferred via the probe electrical leads.This fact further influences the measurement accuracy of thermal conductivity.To solve this problem,the influence of heat loss through the electrical leads on the heating power is studied theoretically.The mathematical formula of heat loss is deduced,and the corresponding correction model is presented.A series of measurement experiments on different materials have been conducted by using the hot disk thermal constant analyzer.The results show that the influence of the heat loss on the measurement is sensitive to different test materials and probes with different sizes.When the thermal conductivity of the material is greater than 0.2 W/(m·K),the influence of the heat loss is less than 0.16%,which can be ignored.As to the lower thermal conductivity materials,it is necessary to compensate the heat loss through the electrical leads,and the accuracy of thermal conductivity measurement can be effectively improved.
摘要In this paper, based on the step reduction method[1] and exact analytic method[2] anew method-exact element method for constructing finite element, is presented. Since the new method doesn 't need the variational principle, it can be applied to solve non-positive and positive definite partial differential equations with arbitrary variable coefficient. By this method, a quadrilateral noncompatible element with 8 degrees of freedom is derived for the solution of plane problem. Since Jacobi's transformation is not applied, the present element may degenerate into a triangle element. It is convenient to use the element in engineering. In this paper, the convergence is proved. Numerical examples are given at the endof this paper, which indicate satisfactory results of stress and displacements can be obtained and have higher numerical precision in nodes.
摘要The generation expansion planning is one of complex mixed-integer optimization problems, which involves a large number of continuous or discrete decision variables and constraints. In this paper, an interior point with cutting plane (IP/CP) method is proposed to solve the mixed-integer optimization problem of the electrical power generation expansion planning. The IP/CP method could improve the overall efficiency of the solution and reduce the computational time. Proposed method is combined with the Bender's decomposition technique in order to decompose the generation expansion problem into a master investment problem and a slave operational problem. The numerical example is presented to compare with the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
摘要The plane wave numerical technique is recast from Ampere’s and Faraday’s laws for materials that are characterized with a bianisotropic form of the constitutive relations. The populating expressions are provided for the eigenvalue matrix system that can be directly solved for the angular frequencies and field profiles when bianisotropy is included. To demonstrate the computation process and expected state diagrams and field profiles, numerical computation examples are provided for a bianisotropic Bragg Array with central defect. It is shown that the location of the magnetoelectric tensor elements has a significant effect on the eigenstates of an equivalent isotropic (anisotropic) structure. One form of the magnetoelectric tensor (diagonal elements only) leads to the observation of merging states and the formation of exceptional points. The numerical approach presented can be implemented as an add-on to the familiar plane wave numerical technique.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12002086)。
摘要To analyze the band gap characteristics of phononic crystals,a two-dimensional phononic crystal plate model with an elastic foundation was first established.The plane wave expansion method was used to compute the dispersion curves of this phononic crystal model,and the results were compared with those from the finite element method to verify their accuracy.Subsequently,a parameter study explored the effects of the elastic foundation coeffi-cient and coverage ratio on the band gap.The results indicate that as the coverage ratio of the elastic foundation increases,the band gap significantly expands,reaching its maximum value at 100%coverage.Additionally,as the elastic foundation stiffness increases,the band gap gradually widens and converges toward fixed boundary conditions.The study also investigated the band gap of phononic crystal plates with defects,finding that the vibrational energy concentrates at the defect unit cell.Furthermore,the defect band frequency can be effectively modulated by adjusting the coefficient of the elastic foundation,providing a theoretical basis for achieving efficient energy conversion.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60571020 and 10975031)
摘要This paper studies dispersion characteristics of the transverse magnetic (TM) mode for two-dimensional unmagnetized dielectric plasma photonic crystal by a modified plane wave method. First, the cutoff behaviour is made clear by using the Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory, and the influences of dielectric filling factor and dielectric constant on effective plasma frequency are analysed. Moreover, the occurence of large gaps in dielectric plasma photonic crystal is demonstrated by comparing the skin depth with the lattice constant, and the influence of plasma frequency on the first three gaps is also studied. Finally, by using the particle-in-cell simulation method, a transmission curve in the Г - X direction is obtained in dielectric plasma photonic crystal, which is in accordance with the dispersion curves calculated by the modified plane wave method, and the large gap between the transmission points of 27 GHz and 47 GHz is explained by comparing the electric field patterns in particle-in-cell simulation.
基金Supported by Special Fund of Taishan Scholars Project(Grant No.tsqn202211179)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52105457)+2 种基金Shandong Provincial Young Talent of Lifting Engineering for Science and Technology(Grant No.SDAST2021qt12)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52375447)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project(Grant No.2023M732826).
摘要The surface morphology and roughness of a workpiece are crucial parameters in grinding processes.Accurate prediction of these parameters is essential for maintaining the workpiece’s surface integrity.However,the randomness of abrasive grain shapes and workpiece surface formation behaviors poses significant challenges,and accuracy in current physical mechanism-based predictive models is needed.To address this problem,by using the random plane method and accounting for the random morphology and distribution of abrasive grains,this paper proposes a novel method to model CBN grinding wheels and predict workpiece surface roughness.First,a kinematic model of a single abrasive grain is developed to accurately capture the three-dimensional morphology of the grinding wheel.Next,by formulating an elastic deformation and formation model of the workpiece surface based on Hertz theory,the variation in grinding arc length at different grinding depths is revealed.Subsequently,a predictive model for the surface morphology of the workpiece ground by a single abrasive grain is devised.This model integrates the normal distribution model of abrasive grain size and the spatial distribution model of abrasive grain positions,to elucidate how the circumferential and axial distribution of abrasive grains influences workpiece surface formation.Lastly,by integrating the dynamic effective abrasive grain model,a predictive model for the surface morphology and roughness of the grinding wheel is established.To examine the impact of changing the grit size of the grinding wheel and grinding depth on workpiece surface roughness,and to validate the accuracy of the model,experiments are conducted.Results indicate that the predicted three-dimensional morphology of the grinding wheel and workpiece surfaces closely matches the actual grinding wheel and ground workpiece surfaces,with surface roughness prediction deviations as small as 2.3%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10632020).
摘要Absolute phononic band gaps can be substantially improved in two-dimensional lattices by using a symmetry reduction approach. In this paper, the propagation of elastic waves in a two-dirnensional hybrid triangular lattice structure consisting of stainless steel cylinders in air is investigated theoretically. The band structure is calculated with the plane wave expansion (PWE) method. The hybrid triangular Bravais lattice is formed by two kinds of triangular lattices. Different from ordinary triangular lattices, the band gap opens at low frequency (between the first and the second bands) regime because of lifting the bands degeneracy at high symmetry points of the Brillouin zone. The location and width of the band gaps can be tuned by the position of the additional rods.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hu'nan Province (Grant No. 00JJY2072) the Foundation of Educational Committee of Hu'nan Province (Grant No. 01B019).
摘要By using the plane-wave-expansion method, the band structure of three-dimension phononic crystals was calculated, in which the cuboid scatterers were arranged in a host with a face-centered-cubic (FCC) structure.The influences of a few factors such as the component materials, the filling fraction of scatterers and the ratio (RHL) of the scatterer's height to its length on the band-gaps of phononic crystals were investigated.It is found that in the three-dimension solid phononic crystals with FCC structure, the optimum case to obtain band-gaps is to embed high-velocity and high-density scatterers in a low-velocity and low-density host. The maximum value of band-gap can be obtained when the filling fraction is in the middle value. It is also found that the symmetry of the scatterers strongly influences the band-gaps. For RHL>1, the width of the band-gap decreases as RHL increases. On the contrary, the width of the band-gap increases with the increase of RHL when RHL is smaller than 1.
基金co-supported by the National Science Foundation of China(No.11222215)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2013CB733100)
摘要Ideal proportional navigation (IPN) is a natural choice for exoatmospheric interception for its mighty capture capability and ease of implementation. The closed-form solution of two- dimensional ideal proportional navigation was conducted in previous public literature, whereas the practical interception happens in the three-dimensional space. A novel set of relative dynamic equations is adopted in this paper, which is with the advantage of decoupling relative motion in the instantaneous rotation plane of the line of sight from the rotation of this plane. The dimension-reduced IPN is constructed in this instantaneous plane, which functions as a three-dimensional guidance law. The trajectory features of dimension-reduced IPN are explored, and the capture regions of dimension-reduced IPN with limited acceleration against nonmaneuvering and maneuvering targets are analyzed by using phase plane method. It is proved that the capture capability of IPN is much stronger than true proportional navigation (TPN), no matter the target maneuvers or not. Finally, simulation results indicate that IPN is more effective than TPN in exoatmospheric interception scenarios.
基金supported by NSF Grant DMS-0604638Li partially supported by NSF Grant DMS-0401174
摘要We classify all positive solutions for the following integral system:{ui(x)=∫Rn1/│x-y│^n-α fi(u(y))dy,x∈R^n,i=1,…,m,0〈α〈n,and u(x)=(u1(x),u2(x)…,um(x)).Here fi(u), 1 ≤ i ≤m, monotone nondecreasing are real-valued functions of homogeneous degree n+α-α and are monotone nondecreasing with respect to all the independent variables U1, u2, ..., urn.In the special case n ≥ 3 and α = 2. we show that the above system is equivalent to thefollowing elliptic PDE system:This system is closely related to the stationary SchrSdinger system with critical exponents for Bose-Einstein condensate
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10674032)
摘要The complete band gaps (CBGs) of shallow water waves propagating over bottoms with periodically drilled holes are investigated numerically by the plane wave expansion method. Four different patterns are considered, containing triangular, square, hexagonal and circular cross-sectioned holes arranged into triangular lattices. Results show that the width of CBGs can be changed by adjusting the orientation of noncircular holes and the effect of hole shape on the width of the maximal CBGs is discussed.