BACKGROUND Difficulty of colonoscopy insertion(DCI)significantly affects colonoscopy effectiveness and serves as a key quality indicator.Predicting and evaluating DCI risk preoperatively is crucial for optimizing intr...BACKGROUND Difficulty of colonoscopy insertion(DCI)significantly affects colonoscopy effectiveness and serves as a key quality indicator.Predicting and evaluating DCI risk preoperatively is crucial for optimizing intraoperative strategies.AIM To evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning(ML)algorithms for DCI by comparing three modeling approaches,identify factors influencing DCI,and develop a preoperative prediction model using ML algorithms to enhance colonoscopy quality and efficiency.METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 712 patients who underwent colonoscopy at a tertiary hospital between June 2020 and May 2021.Demographic data,past medical history,medication use,and psychological status were collected.The endoscopist assessed DCI using the visual analogue scale.After univariate screening,predictive models were developed using multivariable logistic regression,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression,and random forest(RF)algorithms.Model performance was evaluated based on discrimination,calibration,and decision curve analysis(DCA),and results were visualized using nomograms.RESULTS A total of 712 patients(53.8%male;mean age 54.5 years±12.9 years)were included.Logistic regression analysis identified constipation[odds ratio(OR)=2.254,95%confidence interval(CI):1.289-3.931],abdominal circumference(AC)(77.5–91.9 cm,OR=1.895,95%CI:1.065-3.350;AC≥92 cm,OR=1.271,95%CI:0.730-2.188),and anxiety(OR=1.071,95%CI:1.044-1.100)as predictive factors for DCI,validated by LASSO and RF methods.Model performance revealed training/validation sensitivities of 0.826/0.925,0.924/0.868,and 1.000/0.981;specificities of 0.602/0.511,0.510/0.562,and 0.977/0.526;and corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUCs)of 0.780(0.737-0.823)/0.726(0.654-0.799),0.754(0.710-0.798)/0.723(0.656-0.791),and 1.000(1.000-1.000)/0.754(0.688-0.820),respectively.DCA indicated optimal net benefit within probability thresholds of 0-0.9 and 0.05-0.37.The RF model demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy,reflected by perfect training sensitivity(1.000)and highest validation AUC(0.754),outperforming other methods in clinical applicability.CONCLUSION The RF-based model exhibited superior predictive accuracy for DCI compared to multivariable logistic and LASSO regression models.This approach supports individualized preoperative optimization,enhancing colonoscopy quality through targeted risk stratification.展开更多
Traditional generating algorithms for B Spline curves and surfaces require approximation methods where how to increment the parameter to get the best approximation is problematic; or they take the pixel-based method n...Traditional generating algorithms for B Spline curves and surfaces require approximation methods where how to increment the parameter to get the best approximation is problematic; or they take the pixel-based method needing matrix trans- formation from B Spline representation to Bézier form. Here, a fast, direct point-by-point generating algorithm for B Spline curves and surfaces is presented. The algorithm does not need matrix transformation, can be used for uniform or nonuniform B Spline curves and surfaces of any degree, and has high generating speed and good rendering accuracy.展开更多
An algorithm of path based timing optimization by buffer insertion is presented.The algorithm adopts a high order model to estimate interconnect delay and a nonlinear delay model based on look up table for gate delay ...An algorithm of path based timing optimization by buffer insertion is presented.The algorithm adopts a high order model to estimate interconnect delay and a nonlinear delay model based on look up table for gate delay estimation.And heuristic method of buffer insertion is presented to reduce delay.The algorithm is tested by industral circuit case.Experimental results show that the algorithm can optimize the timing of circuit efficiently and the timing constraint is satisfied.展开更多
Incremental algorithm is one of the most popular procedures for constructing Delaunay triangulations (DTs). However, the point insertion sequence has a great impact on the amount of work needed for the construction ...Incremental algorithm is one of the most popular procedures for constructing Delaunay triangulations (DTs). However, the point insertion sequence has a great impact on the amount of work needed for the construction of DTs. It affects the time for both point location and structure update, and hence the overall computational time of the triangulation algorithm. In this paper, a simple deterministic insertion sequence is proposed based on the breadth-first-search on a Kd-tree with some minor modifications for better performance. Using parent nodes as search-hints, the proposed insertion sequence proves to be faster and more stable than the Hilbert curve order and biased randomized insertion order (BRIO), especially for non-uniform point distributions over a wide range of benchmark examples.展开更多
By analyzing a combined and spatial 6-bar linkage weft insertion mechanism, its practical model for optimization design is set up and the modification of penalty strategy is put forward so that the genetic algorithm c...By analyzing a combined and spatial 6-bar linkage weft insertion mechanism, its practical model for optimization design is set up and the modification of penalty strategy is put forward so that the genetic algorithm can be better used in optimization design for mechanisms with non- linear constraints. The design result is discussed.展开更多
Genetic algorithms(GAs)are very good metaheuristic algorithms that are suitable for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems.AsimpleGAbeginswith a set of solutions represented by a population of chromosomes...Genetic algorithms(GAs)are very good metaheuristic algorithms that are suitable for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems.AsimpleGAbeginswith a set of solutions represented by a population of chromosomes and then uses the idea of survival of the fittest in the selection process to select some fitter chromosomes.It uses a crossover operator to create better offspring chromosomes and thus,converges the population.Also,it uses a mutation operator to explore the unexplored areas by the crossover operator,and thus,diversifies the GA search space.A combination of crossover and mutation operators makes the GA search strong enough to reach the optimal solution.However,appropriate selection and combination of crossover operator and mutation operator can lead to a very good GA for solving an optimization problem.In this present paper,we aim to study the benchmark traveling salesman problem(TSP).We developed several genetic algorithms using seven crossover operators and six mutation operators for the TSP and then compared them to some benchmark TSPLIB instances.The experimental studies show the effectiveness of the combination of a comprehensive sequential constructive crossover operator and insertion mutation operator for the problem.The GA using the comprehensive sequential constructive crossover with insertion mutation could find average solutions whose average percentage of excesses from the best-known solutions are between 0.22 and 14.94 for our experimented problem instances.展开更多
针对电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)合乘运营场景下的动态请求匹配问题,对合乘匹配及路径规划进行研究.首先,考虑eVTOL垂直起降机场容量、eVTOL载重、电池能耗等限制,以乘客和eVTOL运营商利益最大...针对电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)合乘运营场景下的动态请求匹配问题,对合乘匹配及路径规划进行研究.首先,考虑eVTOL垂直起降机场容量、eVTOL载重、电池能耗等限制,以乘客和eVTOL运营商利益最大化为目标建立基于合乘公平性的动态eVTOL路径规划模型;其次,使用基本插入算法和线性插入算法对问题模型进行求解,并对比分析按照先到先服务和请求优先级将新请求与eVTOL进行匹配的两种处理方式;最后,以T市5个火车站和1个机场作为垂直机场,用其实际地理位置信息进行算例研究.研究结果表明:与基本插入算法相比,线性插入算法的计算时间缩短了60%以上,证明该算法可以有效求解模型;与按照先到先服务处理方式相比,请求优先级处理新请求时乘客的平均支付费用减少了0.87%,运营商合乘收益提升了5.86%,实现了在保障乘客和运营商利益下新请求与eVTOL的较优匹配.所构建的动态路径规划模型为eVTOL共享运营模式提供参考.展开更多
Future lithium(Li)energy storage technologies,in particular solid-state configurations with a Li metal anode,opens up the possibility of using cathode materials that do not necessarily contain Li in its as-made state....Future lithium(Li)energy storage technologies,in particular solid-state configurations with a Li metal anode,opens up the possibility of using cathode materials that do not necessarily contain Li in its as-made state.To accelerate the discovery and design of such materials,we develop a general,chemically,and structurally agnostic methodology for identifying the optimal Li sites in any crystalline material.For a given crystal structure,we attempt multiple Li insertions at symmetrically in-equivalent positions by analyzing the electronic charge density obtained from first-principles density functional theory.In this report,we demonstrate the effectiveness of this procedure in successfully identifying the positions of the Li ion in well-known cathode materials using only the empty host(charged)material as guidance.Furthermore,applying the algorithm to over 2000 candidate cathode empty host materials we obtain statistics of Li site preferences to guide future developments of novel Li-ion cathode materials,particularly for solid-state applications.展开更多
基金the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry(No.ChiCTR2000040109)approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee(No.20210130017).
摘要BACKGROUND Difficulty of colonoscopy insertion(DCI)significantly affects colonoscopy effectiveness and serves as a key quality indicator.Predicting and evaluating DCI risk preoperatively is crucial for optimizing intraoperative strategies.AIM To evaluate the predictive performance of machine learning(ML)algorithms for DCI by comparing three modeling approaches,identify factors influencing DCI,and develop a preoperative prediction model using ML algorithms to enhance colonoscopy quality and efficiency.METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 712 patients who underwent colonoscopy at a tertiary hospital between June 2020 and May 2021.Demographic data,past medical history,medication use,and psychological status were collected.The endoscopist assessed DCI using the visual analogue scale.After univariate screening,predictive models were developed using multivariable logistic regression,least absolute shrinkage and selection operator(LASSO)regression,and random forest(RF)algorithms.Model performance was evaluated based on discrimination,calibration,and decision curve analysis(DCA),and results were visualized using nomograms.RESULTS A total of 712 patients(53.8%male;mean age 54.5 years±12.9 years)were included.Logistic regression analysis identified constipation[odds ratio(OR)=2.254,95%confidence interval(CI):1.289-3.931],abdominal circumference(AC)(77.5–91.9 cm,OR=1.895,95%CI:1.065-3.350;AC≥92 cm,OR=1.271,95%CI:0.730-2.188),and anxiety(OR=1.071,95%CI:1.044-1.100)as predictive factors for DCI,validated by LASSO and RF methods.Model performance revealed training/validation sensitivities of 0.826/0.925,0.924/0.868,and 1.000/0.981;specificities of 0.602/0.511,0.510/0.562,and 0.977/0.526;and corresponding area under the receiver operating characteristic curves(AUCs)of 0.780(0.737-0.823)/0.726(0.654-0.799),0.754(0.710-0.798)/0.723(0.656-0.791),and 1.000(1.000-1.000)/0.754(0.688-0.820),respectively.DCA indicated optimal net benefit within probability thresholds of 0-0.9 and 0.05-0.37.The RF model demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy,reflected by perfect training sensitivity(1.000)and highest validation AUC(0.754),outperforming other methods in clinical applicability.CONCLUSION The RF-based model exhibited superior predictive accuracy for DCI compared to multivariable logistic and LASSO regression models.This approach supports individualized preoperative optimization,enhancing colonoscopy quality through targeted risk stratification.
基金Project (No. G1998030401) supported by the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China
摘要Traditional generating algorithms for B Spline curves and surfaces require approximation methods where how to increment the parameter to get the best approximation is problematic; or they take the pixel-based method needing matrix trans- formation from B Spline representation to Bézier form. Here, a fast, direct point-by-point generating algorithm for B Spline curves and surfaces is presented. The algorithm does not need matrix transformation, can be used for uniform or nonuniform B Spline curves and surfaces of any degree, and has high generating speed and good rendering accuracy.
摘要An algorithm of path based timing optimization by buffer insertion is presented.The algorithm adopts a high order model to estimate interconnect delay and a nonlinear delay model based on look up table for gate delay estimation.And heuristic method of buffer insertion is presented to reduce delay.The algorithm is tested by industral circuit case.Experimental results show that the algorithm can optimize the timing of circuit efficiently and the timing constraint is satisfied.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10972006 and 11172005)the National Basic Research Program of China (2010CB832701)
摘要Incremental algorithm is one of the most popular procedures for constructing Delaunay triangulations (DTs). However, the point insertion sequence has a great impact on the amount of work needed for the construction of DTs. It affects the time for both point location and structure update, and hence the overall computational time of the triangulation algorithm. In this paper, a simple deterministic insertion sequence is proposed based on the breadth-first-search on a Kd-tree with some minor modifications for better performance. Using parent nodes as search-hints, the proposed insertion sequence proves to be faster and more stable than the Hilbert curve order and biased randomized insertion order (BRIO), especially for non-uniform point distributions over a wide range of benchmark examples.
摘要By analyzing a combined and spatial 6-bar linkage weft insertion mechanism, its practical model for optimization design is set up and the modification of penalty strategy is put forward so that the genetic algorithm can be better used in optimization design for mechanisms with non- linear constraints. The design result is discussed.
基金the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(Grant Number IMSIU-RP23030).
摘要Genetic algorithms(GAs)are very good metaheuristic algorithms that are suitable for solving NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems.AsimpleGAbeginswith a set of solutions represented by a population of chromosomes and then uses the idea of survival of the fittest in the selection process to select some fitter chromosomes.It uses a crossover operator to create better offspring chromosomes and thus,converges the population.Also,it uses a mutation operator to explore the unexplored areas by the crossover operator,and thus,diversifies the GA search space.A combination of crossover and mutation operators makes the GA search strong enough to reach the optimal solution.However,appropriate selection and combination of crossover operator and mutation operator can lead to a very good GA for solving an optimization problem.In this present paper,we aim to study the benchmark traveling salesman problem(TSP).We developed several genetic algorithms using seven crossover operators and six mutation operators for the TSP and then compared them to some benchmark TSPLIB instances.The experimental studies show the effectiveness of the combination of a comprehensive sequential constructive crossover operator and insertion mutation operator for the problem.The GA using the comprehensive sequential constructive crossover with insertion mutation could find average solutions whose average percentage of excesses from the best-known solutions are between 0.22 and 14.94 for our experimented problem instances.
摘要针对电动垂直起降飞行器(electric Vertical Take-off and Landing,eVTOL)合乘运营场景下的动态请求匹配问题,对合乘匹配及路径规划进行研究.首先,考虑eVTOL垂直起降机场容量、eVTOL载重、电池能耗等限制,以乘客和eVTOL运营商利益最大化为目标建立基于合乘公平性的动态eVTOL路径规划模型;其次,使用基本插入算法和线性插入算法对问题模型进行求解,并对比分析按照先到先服务和请求优先级将新请求与eVTOL进行匹配的两种处理方式;最后,以T市5个火车站和1个机场作为垂直机场,用其实际地理位置信息进行算例研究.研究结果表明:与基本插入算法相比,线性插入算法的计算时间缩短了60%以上,证明该算法可以有效求解模型;与按照先到先服务处理方式相比,请求优先级处理新请求时乘客的平均支付费用减少了0.87%,运营商合乘收益提升了5.86%,实现了在保障乘客和运营商利益下新请求与eVTOL的较优匹配.所构建的动态路径规划模型为eVTOL共享运营模式提供参考.
基金Integration with the Materials Project infrastructure was supported by the U.S.Department of Energy,Office of Science,Office of Basic Energy Sciences,Materials Sciences and Engineering Division under Contract No.DE-AC02-05-CH11231(Materials Project program KC23MP)This research used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center(NERSC),a U.S.Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility operated under Contract No.DE-AC02-05CH11231.
摘要Future lithium(Li)energy storage technologies,in particular solid-state configurations with a Li metal anode,opens up the possibility of using cathode materials that do not necessarily contain Li in its as-made state.To accelerate the discovery and design of such materials,we develop a general,chemically,and structurally agnostic methodology for identifying the optimal Li sites in any crystalline material.For a given crystal structure,we attempt multiple Li insertions at symmetrically in-equivalent positions by analyzing the electronic charge density obtained from first-principles density functional theory.In this report,we demonstrate the effectiveness of this procedure in successfully identifying the positions of the Li ion in well-known cathode materials using only the empty host(charged)material as guidance.Furthermore,applying the algorithm to over 2000 candidate cathode empty host materials we obtain statistics of Li site preferences to guide future developments of novel Li-ion cathode materials,particularly for solid-state applications.