The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and devel...The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and development,this study investigated the characteristic changes of fruits and the expression patterns of GA-related genes in both fruits and fruit stalks.Results revealed that it takes approximately 90 days for the ovary of A.villosum to reach maturity.Fruit growth pattern exhibited a slow-fast-slow trend,with the peak of fruit weight accumulation occurring between the 14 and 25 days after artificial pollination(DAP).Before the 27 DAP,significant changes were observed in the ovary,fruit color,pericarp thickness,and fruit thorn length.Additionally,ten candidate GA-related genes,including 1 GA13ox,1 GA20ox,1 GA3ox,2 GA2oxs,4 GID1cs,and 1 DELLA,were analyzed using bioinformatics tools.The GA-related genes in fruit and fruit stalk exhibited significant correlations with fruit growth/development and fruit dropping.Overall,the fruit growth and development law,and the expression patterns of GA-related genes provided a theoretical foundation for further functional study and the screening of candidate genes for potential applications in A.villosum.展开更多
Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying p...Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying pore structures and surface chemical properties,this technology can simulate fluid displacement behaviors in different types of reservoirs.Through the modification of fluid properties and displacement conditions in experiments,it allows for the quantitative analysis of fluid distribution characteristics during displacement processes.This provides valuable technical tools for studying the microscopic mechanisms of CO2 flooding,chemical flooding,and other enhanced oil/gas recovery techniques.This paper reviews the unique advantages of microfluidic technology in revealing pore-scale transport behaviors and optimizing development strategies,while also analyzing the current challenges associated with its application.With advancements in materials science and manufacturing technologies,microfluidic technology is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in reservoir development,offering new technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serinehreonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulat...The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serinehreonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the m TOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies”(Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of m TOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health.展开更多
The dental papilla(DP)is essential for the development of dentin and pulp.The extensive cellular heterogeneity within the DP is a critical factor underlying the complex and precise formation of dental structures durin...The dental papilla(DP)is essential for the development of dentin and pulp.The extensive cellular heterogeneity within the DP is a critical factor underlying the complex and precise formation of dental structures during odontogenesis.However,the critical cell types within human DP that play essential role in tooth development and regeneration remain largely uncharacterized.In this study,we analyzed the heterogeneity of human DP cells using single-cell sequencing and identified Gliomedin(GLDN)+DP stem cells(DPSCs)were a group of progenitors at an early stage of tooth development and play a key role in the development of pulp and dentin.GLDN+DPSCs strategically accumulate in human DP tissue near the interface of the newly formed dentin or pulp.Functional assays demonstrated that GLDN+DPSCs exhibited enhanced self-renewal,migratory capacity,and odontogenic differentiation potential in vitro compared to GLDN-DPSCs.Moreover,GLDN+DPSCs effectively induce the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells,which are essential for tooth development.The ectopic dental pulp regeneration model confirmed that GLDN+DPSCs can regenerate a vascularized dental pulp structure with an odontoblast layer in vivo.Given their functional capabilities,this population of cells has been designated as GLDN+odontogenic stem cells(OSCs).Mechanistically,GLDN is essential for maintaining the phenotype and function of GLDN+OSCs through BMP5 signaling via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.In conclusion,this study identifies a previously uncharacterized essential subpopulation of OSCs essential for dental pulp development and regeneration.展开更多
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to ...The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to more than 30% of the world's population,predominantly in developing countries where per capita farmland and food supply are only 40% of those in developed nations(FAO 2018).Meeting the Zero Hunger target amid ongoing population growth in these regions requires a substantial increase in agricultural production while minimizing soil degradation and adverse ecological impacts.This challenge is shared by many countries across South Asia,Africa,and Central and South America.展开更多
In the knowledge economy era,the rapid flow channels represented by high-speed rail(HSR)and online information flow promote cross-border development between cities.This study constructed a conceptual model of cross-bo...In the knowledge economy era,the rapid flow channels represented by high-speed rail(HSR)and online information flow promote cross-border development between cities.This study constructed a conceptual model of cross-border development from the perspective of flow space.Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR),China,as a case study,we apply the Speaker-listener Label Propagation Algorithm(SLPA)to detect the heterogeneity patterns of cross-border development shaped by HSR flow and information flow in 2021.Results show that cross-border development among cities is more evident under information flows compared to HSR flow.Furthermore,intra-provincial cross-border development predominates under HSR flow,whereas inter-provincial cross-border development is more frequent under in-formation flow.Additionally,information flow leads to more shared or competitive nodes in cross-border development across different communities.In the future,leveraging these nodes'intermediary role will be the key to driving the next phase of regional integration.This research will enhance and broaden the theoretical frameworks for cross-border integrated development,flow space,and regional coordinated development.展开更多
1.Introduction Sustainable development is widely regarded as a crucial way for human civilization to survive.To operationalize sustainability across social,economic,and environmental dimensions,the United Nations adop...1.Introduction Sustainable development is widely regarded as a crucial way for human civilization to survive.To operationalize sustainability across social,economic,and environmental dimensions,the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and 169 targets as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015(United Nations,2015).Until 2025,with the joint efforts of the world,SDGs have made significant progress in social resource allocation,disease prevention and control,and energy transformation,but the current rate of change remains insufficient to achieve all SDGs in 2030(United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,2025).How to accelerate the high-quality implementation of SDGs,with only four years left until 2030,is one of the core issues in current sustainable development research.展开更多
The development of skeletal muscle are complicated processes involving genes responsible for proper muscle morphology,contractility,cell proliferation,differentiation,interactions,migration,and death.The three-dimensi...The development of skeletal muscle are complicated processes involving genes responsible for proper muscle morphology,contractility,cell proliferation,differentiation,interactions,migration,and death.The three-dimensional chromatin architecture of skeletal muscle development has not been studied intensively although dynamic transcriptional regulation during differentiation of muscle cells is one of the most deeply studied processes.The RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptome pattern during chicken muscle development across 12 stages.Hi-C was used to build chromatin architectures during four representative stages.Ch IP-seq was conducted to identify enhancers and promoters in these four stages,which are occupied by histone H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peaks.Results show that large-scale genome architecture changes are mostly unidirectional,and coupled by complex on/off dynamic patterns of gene expression.Specifically,we observed 258.30 Mb of the genome undergoing A/B compartment switching.Notable alterations(316.57 Mb)of interaction frequencies within TADs were observed.Substantial aging-associated genes exhibited ascending connectivity with the compartment transition from repressive to active status during muscle development.Some muscle-related gene promoters that interacted with active enhancers during development,and some myopathy/aging-associated genes that were activated in aging muscle were founded.These results provide key insights into skeletal muscle development in vivo,and offer a valuable resource that allows in-depth functional characterization of candidate genes.展开更多
Ethylene,a pivotal gaseous phytohormone,regulates diverse processes in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation.In Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),ethylene perception by endoplasmic reticulum localized recepto...Ethylene,a pivotal gaseous phytohormone,regulates diverse processes in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation.In Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),ethylene perception by endoplasmic reticulum localized receptors initiates a canonical signaling cascade involving CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1(AtCTR1)and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2(AtEIN2).This pathway culminates in nuclear translocation of AtEIN2-CEND and activation of the transcription factor AtEIN3/EIN3-LIKE1(AtEIL1).Rice employs conserved(OsEIN2,OsCTR2,OsEIL1/2)and unique(Mao Huzi 3[MHZ3],MHZ11,MHZ1)components for ethylene signaling,reflecting adaptations to semi-aquatic environments.Ethylene regulates developmental processes including seed germination,apical hook formation,root architecture,flowering,and senescence,often via intricate crosstalk with auxin,abscisic acid,jasmonic acid,gibberellins,and brassinosteroids.Ethylene signaling also influences rice yield-related traits such as grain filling,grain size,and starch biosynthesis.Moreover,ethylene modulates responses to abiotic stresses(such as submergence,hypoxia,salinity,drought,and temperature fluctuations)and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current understanding of ethylene signaling and its functions,focusing on the model dicot Arabidopsis and the monocot rice(Oryza sativa).It highlights conserved and diverged mechanisms,underscoring ethylene's potential as a target for enhancing crop resilience and productivity in changing environments.展开更多
Chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in plant reproductive development.Our previous studies demonstrated that CHR721,a SWI/SNF-family chromatin remodeler,is essential for reproductive development in rice,as ev...Chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in plant reproductive development.Our previous studies demonstrated that CHR721,a SWI/SNF-family chromatin remodeler,is essential for reproductive development in rice,as evidenced by a chr721 mutant exhibiting unrepaired DNA lesions during late meiosis and subsequent cell cycle arrest,ultimately causing sterility.Here,we observed defective pollen exine,anther epidermis,tapetal degeneration,and aberrant nutrient metabolism in the chr721 mutant,particularly in lipid mobilization.Lipid species essential for anther development,including phosphatidylcholine(PC),lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC),and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE),exhibited reduced accumulation in the mutant compared to the WT.We established the central regulatory role of CHR721-mediated transcription during anther development.RNA-seq profiling of the mutant uncovered many differentially expressed genes(DEGs)at the late-meiotic,uninucleate,and binucleate stages,revealing progressive transcriptional perturbations.Functional enrichment analysis(GO and KEGG)revealed significant associations with lipid metabolism-related pathways and biological processes necessary for anther development,including tapetal development and regulation of programmed cell death(PCD).These transcriptional regulations were consistent with the morphological characterization and lipidomic analysis of the anthers in the WT and mutant.All these results and previous studies suggest that CHR721 regulates transcription by influencing the chromatin status and provide novel insight into the transcriptional function of CHR721 in anther development in rice.展开更多
The HD-ZIP gene family,a group of plant-specific transcription factors,plays pivotal regulatory roles in various aspects of plant growth and development.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the extensive involvement...The HD-ZIP gene family,a group of plant-specific transcription factors,plays pivotal regulatory roles in various aspects of plant growth and development.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the extensive involvement of HD-ZIP members in regulating reproductive developmental processes.This review systematically summarizes both the structural characteristics of the four HD-ZIP subfamilies(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)and their distinct regulatory roles in plant reproductive development.Recent studies reveal that a conserved HD-ZIPⅠclade serves as a core regulator of key reproductive processes,ranging from spike development in monocots(e.g.,barley Vrs1 and maize GT1)to sex determination in dicots(e.g.,cucumber CmHB40 and persimmon MeGI).Meanwhile,members of other subfamilies(HD-ZIPⅡ-Ⅳ)contribute significantly to diverse reproductive processes including pistil development,floral organ formation,and anther development,among others.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of HD-ZIP subfamily functions in reproductive development,integrating current knowledge while highlighting critical research gaps.These insights aim to provide theoretical foundations for functional characterization and potential applications of HDZIP reproductive regulators,while advancing our understanding of transcriptional regulation mechanisms in plant reproductive development.展开更多
Knowledge of the maize pollen development stages at which high temperature(HT) stress leads to male sterility and yield loss would support targeted breeding strategies. In a cross between Zhengdan 958(HT-tolerant) and...Knowledge of the maize pollen development stages at which high temperature(HT) stress leads to male sterility and yield loss would support targeted breeding strategies. In a cross between Zhengdan 958(HT-tolerant) and Xianyu 335(HT-sensitive) the contributions of maize traits to effective grain number(EGN) loss under HT stress were measured during pollen development stages, with loss increasing with the approach of flowering. Traits including pollen number per anther, total tassel spikelets, and pollen germination and shedding were the strongest contributors at various stages. The stage-specific vulnerabilities of maize tassels to HT stress suggest increasing pollen production before the tetrad stage and increasing pollen fertility and shedding during the microspore development stage. In the short term,increasing pollen developmental quality offers the greatest potential for reducing HT-caused EGN loss.展开更多
Objectives This study aimed to develop a competency-oriented ecological education model and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of its implementation for enhancing evidence-based practice competencies am...Objectives This study aimed to develop a competency-oriented ecological education model and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of its implementation for enhancing evidence-based practice competencies among undergraduate nursing students.Methods An ecological education model was developed based on educational ecology theory and the input–environment–output(IEO)theoretical framework,and implemented from 2019 to 2024.The model integrated three core components:a four-year progressive competency development pathway(ranging from evidence-based thinking in year one to comprehensive practice application in year four);a three-tier ecological environment(comprising physical,classroom,and practice environments that incorporates six best practice spotlight organization guidelines into eight core courses);and multidimensional practice platforms,including health science communication and guideline translation.The reform was conducted at a nursing school of a double first-class university in Beijing,China.A naturalistic longitudinal cohort design was employed,which included 1,223 undergraduate nursing students at baseline(2019,pre-reform)and 1,237 at post-implementation(2024).A convergent parallel mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the implementation outcomes.Quantitative data on academic performance and innovation outcomes were collected at both time points,baseline and post-implementation.Semi-structured interviews with 18 students were conducted to supplement the exploration of their learning experiences.Results Academic engagement increased from 78.5%to 97.3%,evidence-based graduation theses rose from 18.6%to 30.0%,and innovation and entrepreneurship projects increased from 40 to 150.Qualitative analysis revealed four themes and twelve subthemes,revealing enhanced critical appraisal skills(88.9%),evidence synthesis capabilities(94.4%),and professional confidence(83.3%)among students.Integrated mixed-methods analysis revealed stage-specific characteristics across academic years:a complementarity pattern in Year 1(foundational awareness building),a convergence pattern in Years 2–3(systematic competency construction),an expansion pattern during the Year 3 transition(role adaptation challenges),and a convergence pattern in Year 4(comprehensive transformation and professional confidence enhancement).Conclusions This feasibility study demonstrated that the ecological education model could be successfully implemented in undergraduate nursing education with promising preliminary outcomes.This study provides an initial framework for nursing education innovation and establishes foundational evidence warranting future rigorous controlled studies to examine the model’s effectiveness.展开更多
Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maiz...Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maize(Zea mays L.),we analyzed Iso-Seq data from anthers collected at 10 developmental stages,together with strand-specific RNA-seq,CAGE-seq,and PAS-seq data.Of the 152,026 high-confidence full-length isoforms identified,68.8%have not been described;these include 22,365 isoforms that originate from previously unannotated loci and 82,167 novel isoforms that originate from annotated protein-coding genes.Using our newly developed strategy to detect dynamic expression patterns of isoforms,we identify 13,899 differentially variable regions(DVRs);surprisingly,1275 genes contain more than two DVRs,revealing highly efficient utilization of limited genic regions.We identify 7876 long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)from 4098 loci,most of which were preferentially expressed during cell differentiation and meiosis.We also detected 371 long-range interactions involving intergenic lncRNAs(lincRNAs);interestingly,243 were lincRNA-gene ones,and the interacting genes were highly expressed in anthers,suggesting that many potential lncRNA regulators of key genes are required for anther development.This study provides valuable resources and fundamental information for studying the essential transcripts of key genes during anther development.展开更多
1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconn...1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconnected social,economic,and environmental targets.展开更多
α.-Zeins,the major maize endosperm storage proteins,are transcriptionally regulated by Opaque2(O2)and prolamin-box-binding factor 1(PBF1),with Opaque11(O11)functioning upstream of them.However,whether O11 directly bi...α.-Zeins,the major maize endosperm storage proteins,are transcriptionally regulated by Opaque2(O2)and prolamin-box-binding factor 1(PBF1),with Opaque11(O11)functioning upstream of them.However,whether O11 directly binds toα-zein genes and its regulatory interactions with O2 and PBF1 remain unclear.Using the small-kernel mutant sw1,which exhibits decreased 19-kDa and increased 22-kDaα-zein,we positionally clone O11 and find it directly binds to G-box/E-box motifs.O11 activates 19-kDaα-zein transcription,stronger than PBF1 but weaker than O2.Notably,PBF1 competitively binds to an overlapping E-box/P-box motif,and represses O11-mediated transactivation.Although O11 does not physically interact with O2,it participates in the O2-centered hierarchical network to enhanceα-zein expression.sw1 o2 and sw1 pbf1 double mutants exhibit smaller,more opaque kernels with further reduced 19-kDa and 22-kDaα-zeins compared to the single mutants,suggesting distinct regulatory effects of these transcription factors on 19-kDa and 22-kDaα-zein genes.Promoter motif analysis suggests that O11,PBF1,and O2 directly regulate 19-kDaα-zein genes,while O11 indirectly controls 22-kDaα-zein genes via O2 and PBF1 modulation.These findings identify the unique and coordinated roles of O11,O2,and PBF1 in regulatingα.-zein genes and kernel development.展开更多
Group A rotaviruses(RVs)continue to be one of the most important pathogens causing severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young animals worldwide.Recently,the prevalence of porcine RV(PoRV)from pig farms has stri...Group A rotaviruses(RVs)continue to be one of the most important pathogens causing severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young animals worldwide.Recently,the prevalence of porcine RV(PoRV)from pig farms has strikingly increased,adversely affecting the swine industry,particularly with the G9 genotype of PoRV VP7 emerging as the predominant genotype spreading in China.Current vaccines against PoRV fail to provide sufficient protective immunity,necessitating urgent development of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs against PoRV.Here,we successfully established and improved the entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics(RG)system to rescue a G9 genotype of recombinant PoRV AHFY2022 strain(G9P[23]).Using the improved RG system,we rescued recombinant AHFY2022 harboring the fluorescent UnaG protein or nano-luciferase(NLuc)reporter within gene segment 7 that encodes non-structural protein 3(NSP3).Furthermore,we adopted the UnaG reporter virus to screen anti-PoRV drugs and identified two promising antiviral drugs,C8 and C9.Moreover,we generated the recombinant PoRV(rAHFY2022-G5-VP7)containing G5 genotype of VP7 from PoRV-positive samples in the backbone of AHFY2022 strain.The reassortant strain exhibited efficient replication and genetic stability.Mouse models were utilized to evaluate the immune responses elicited by rAHFY2022-G5-VP7 strain in vivo,revealing similar neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response compared to the parental AHFY2022 strain in mice.Together,this study provides an important tool for screening potential anti-PoRV drugs and developing novel vaccines against prevalent PoRV strains.展开更多
Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented pop...Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented populations.We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak)internationally and examined its association with human development and gender ine quality.Methods:Studies were eligible if VO2peakwas assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing,and if the countries had scores for the Human Development Index(HDI)and Gender Inequality Index(GII).Studies were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science.Risks of bias were assessed by an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between VO2peak,age,sex,exercise modality,HDI,GII,and study year.Results:Data included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores,comprising 119,435 adults(42%females)with VO2peakassessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing.The risk of bias was low.VO2peakwas positively associated with HDI(β=14.1)and negatively associated with GII(β=-3.6).Slightly stronger associations were observed in females than males(HDI:β=18.9 vs.β=13.9,GII:β=-4.6vs.β=-3.6).Young females in middle-HDI countries had higher VO2peakthan those in low-HDI countries(31.2mL/kg/min vs.28.5 mL/kg/min),with limited additional gams in high-HDI contexts.VO2peakdecreased with higher gender inequality,with the largest disparities observed in young females between high-and low-GII countries(26.3 mL/kg/min vs.32.8 mL/kg/min).Conclusion:Global variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality.These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion.Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.展开更多
Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)serves as a vital oilseed and food crop worldwide.Embryo abortion reduces seed set in peanut and significantly limits yields,but the mechanisms responsible have remained unclear.Here,we exam...Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)serves as a vital oilseed and food crop worldwide.Embryo abortion reduces seed set in peanut and significantly limits yields,but the mechanisms responsible have remained unclear.Here,we examined an ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)-induced peanut mutant exhibiting early embryo abortion and a partially single-seeded pod phenotype.Cytological analysis indicated that seed abortion in the mutant begins at the proembryo stage,7 d after flowering,with noticeable degeneration by 3 d after peg penetration into the soil(DAP),culminating in complete arrest by 10 DAP.Transcriptomic analysis identified 8778 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)during the transition from aerial to subterranean peg development in the mutant.These DEGs were significantly enriched for pathways such as MAPK signaling,auxin biosynthesis and transport,and calcium transport.Notably,we identified a premature stop codon mutation(C>T)in AhZAR1-4 of the mutant;this gene encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase.The mutation resulted in the truncation of the kinase and transmembrane domains of AhZAR1-4,leading to a loss of membrane localization and protein function.In yeast two-hybrid screening,AhZAR1-4 interacted with both AhIAA31 and AhBSK2.Heterologous overexpression of AhZAR1-4wtsuccessfully rescued the seed-abortion phenotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana atzar1-4 mutant and increased seed size,whereas AhZAR1-4mut expression did not.These findings identify AhZAR1-4 as a crucial regulator of seed development in peanut,making it a promising genetic target for improving pod yield and seed setting rate.展开更多
Objective To analyze the research status and hotspots,and evolutionary trend of publications on Jin’s three-needle therapy from 2000 to 2025,and to provide bibliometric evidence for the theoretical development and cl...Objective To analyze the research status and hotspots,and evolutionary trend of publications on Jin’s three-needle therapy from 2000 to 2025,and to provide bibliometric evidence for the theoretical development and clinical expansion of this distinctive Lingnan(the area south of the Nanling Mountains in China)acupuncture-moxibustion therapy.Methods Relevant publications on Jin’s three-needle therapy were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP Database,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from January 1,2000 to July 9,2025.Two researchers independently screened and extracted data.Microsoft Excel was used for data management and disease spectrum analysis based on ICD-11 classification.CiteSpace software was employed to analyze publication trend,collaboration network,co-occurrence network,and keyword evolution.Results A total of 1295 publications were included,showing an overall upward trend in annual output.Research mainly focused on diseases of the nervous system(45.17%),those of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue(28.88%),and mental,behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders(9.11%),accounting for over 80%in total.The study types were predominantly clinical research,the proportion of mechanistic research was relatively low,and mechanistic research was weak across all core fields.Collaboration network analysis revealed low density between authors and institutions,exhibiting a“core-edge”structure with Professor Rui JIN’s inheritance team(Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and its affiliated hospitals)as the core and widespread in periphery,demonstrating a distinct geographical clustering characteristic in the Lingnan region.Keyword evolution indicated that the research focus had expanded from neurological rehabilitation to multisystem diseases,and the attention had been drawn in multidimensional outcomes such as quality of life and motor function.Conclusion The research scale of Jin’s three-needle therapy has significantly expanded,demonstrating a relatively concentrated application distribution across three major domains:neurological disorders,musculoskeletal or connective tissue diseases,and mental,behavioral,or neurodevelopmental disorders.However,there are some shortcomings in the research of diseases,such as insufficient exploration of mechanisms and limited cooperation between teams and institutions.Future efforts should focus on strengthening mechanism research,conducting multicenter trials,and expanding inter-institutional collaboration to establish a more comprehensive evidence-based foundation,thereby enhancing the clinical reproducibility and academic influence of Jin’s three-needle therapy.展开更多
基金Supported by Seed Industry Vitalization Project of Rural Revitalization Strategy of Guangdong Province of China(2024-440000-90060000-8796)。
摘要The fruit of Amomum villosum is highly valued for its medicinal and edible properties.However,the fruit abscission rate is exceptionally high,resulting in low unit yield.To better understand the fruit growth and development,this study investigated the characteristic changes of fruits and the expression patterns of GA-related genes in both fruits and fruit stalks.Results revealed that it takes approximately 90 days for the ovary of A.villosum to reach maturity.Fruit growth pattern exhibited a slow-fast-slow trend,with the peak of fruit weight accumulation occurring between the 14 and 25 days after artificial pollination(DAP).Before the 27 DAP,significant changes were observed in the ovary,fruit color,pericarp thickness,and fruit thorn length.Additionally,ten candidate GA-related genes,including 1 GA13ox,1 GA20ox,1 GA3ox,2 GA2oxs,4 GID1cs,and 1 DELLA,were analyzed using bioinformatics tools.The GA-related genes in fruit and fruit stalk exhibited significant correlations with fruit growth/development and fruit dropping.Overall,the fruit growth and development law,and the expression patterns of GA-related genes provided a theoretical foundation for further functional study and the screening of candidate genes for potential applications in A.villosum.
基金funded by the Key Science Foundation of Laboratory of Marine Oil&Gas Reservoirs Production,Sinopec(33550000-22-ZC0613-0332).
摘要Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying pore structures and surface chemical properties,this technology can simulate fluid displacement behaviors in different types of reservoirs.Through the modification of fluid properties and displacement conditions in experiments,it allows for the quantitative analysis of fluid distribution characteristics during displacement processes.This provides valuable technical tools for studying the microscopic mechanisms of CO2 flooding,chemical flooding,and other enhanced oil/gas recovery techniques.This paper reviews the unique advantages of microfluidic technology in revealing pore-scale transport behaviors and optimizing development strategies,while also analyzing the current challenges associated with its application.With advancements in materials science and manufacturing technologies,microfluidic technology is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in reservoir development,offering new technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.
基金supported by grants from Simons Foundation (SFARI 479754),CIHR (PJT-180565)the Scottish Rite Charitable Foundation of Canada (to YL)funding from the Canada Research Chairs program。
摘要The mechanistic target of rapamycin(m TOR) is a serinehreonine kinase that plays a pivotal role in cellular growth, proliferation, survival, and metabolism. In the central nervous system(CNS), the mTOR pathway regulates diverse aspects of neural development and function. Genetic mutations within the m TOR pathway lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders, collectively known as “mTORopathies”(Crino, 2020). Dysfunctions of m TOR, including both its hyperactivation and hypoactivation, have also been implicated in a wide spectrum of other neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions, highlighting its importance in CNS health.
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFA1104400)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271365,32471183,U21A20369)+1 种基金Sichuan Science and Technology program(2023YFS0151,2023YFS0056)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SCU2023D014)。
摘要The dental papilla(DP)is essential for the development of dentin and pulp.The extensive cellular heterogeneity within the DP is a critical factor underlying the complex and precise formation of dental structures during odontogenesis.However,the critical cell types within human DP that play essential role in tooth development and regeneration remain largely uncharacterized.In this study,we analyzed the heterogeneity of human DP cells using single-cell sequencing and identified Gliomedin(GLDN)+DP stem cells(DPSCs)were a group of progenitors at an early stage of tooth development and play a key role in the development of pulp and dentin.GLDN+DPSCs strategically accumulate in human DP tissue near the interface of the newly formed dentin or pulp.Functional assays demonstrated that GLDN+DPSCs exhibited enhanced self-renewal,migratory capacity,and odontogenic differentiation potential in vitro compared to GLDN-DPSCs.Moreover,GLDN+DPSCs effectively induce the migration and tube formation of endothelial cells,which are essential for tooth development.The ectopic dental pulp regeneration model confirmed that GLDN+DPSCs can regenerate a vascularized dental pulp structure with an odontoblast layer in vivo.Given their functional capabilities,this population of cells has been designated as GLDN+odontogenic stem cells(OSCs).Mechanistically,GLDN is essential for maintaining the phenotype and function of GLDN+OSCs through BMP5 signaling via autocrine and paracrine mechanisms.In conclusion,this study identifies a previously uncharacterized essential subpopulation of OSCs essential for dental pulp development and regeneration.
摘要The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal(SDG) 2 aims to achieve Zero Hunger by 2030.However,global hunger and food insecurity have continued to rise at an alarming rate(UN 2023).Subtropical regions are home to more than 30% of the world's population,predominantly in developing countries where per capita farmland and food supply are only 40% of those in developed nations(FAO 2018).Meeting the Zero Hunger target amid ongoing population growth in these regions requires a substantial increase in agricultural production while minimizing soil degradation and adverse ecological impacts.This challenge is shared by many countries across South Asia,Africa,and Central and South America.
基金Under the Key Laboratory of Natural Resources Monitoring in Tropical and Subtropical Area of South China,Ministry of Natural Resources(No.2024NRMK08)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42101160)。
摘要In the knowledge economy era,the rapid flow channels represented by high-speed rail(HSR)and online information flow promote cross-border development between cities.This study constructed a conceptual model of cross-border development from the perspective of flow space.Taking the Yangtze River Delta Region(YRDR),China,as a case study,we apply the Speaker-listener Label Propagation Algorithm(SLPA)to detect the heterogeneity patterns of cross-border development shaped by HSR flow and information flow in 2021.Results show that cross-border development among cities is more evident under information flows compared to HSR flow.Furthermore,intra-provincial cross-border development predominates under HSR flow,whereas inter-provincial cross-border development is more frequent under in-formation flow.Additionally,information flow leads to more shared or competitive nodes in cross-border development across different communities.In the future,leveraging these nodes'intermediary role will be the key to driving the next phase of regional integration.This research will enhance and broaden the theoretical frameworks for cross-border integrated development,flow space,and regional coordinated development.
基金supported by the Key Special Project of“Intergovernmental International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation”in the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2025YFE0111302)the Ningbo Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.2024J013)the Natural Science Foundation of Xiamen,China(Grants No.3502Z202573087 and 3502Z202572040)。
摘要1.Introduction Sustainable development is widely regarded as a crucial way for human civilization to survive.To operationalize sustainability across social,economic,and environmental dimensions,the United Nations adopted the 17 Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)and 169 targets as part of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015(United Nations,2015).Until 2025,with the joint efforts of the world,SDGs have made significant progress in social resource allocation,disease prevention and control,and energy transformation,but the current rate of change remains insufficient to achieve all SDGs in 2030(United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs,2025).How to accelerate the high-quality implementation of SDGs,with only four years left until 2030,is one of the core issues in current sustainable development research.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFD1300040 and 2022YFF1000100)the Sichuan Science and Technology Program,China(2022NSFSC0132,2021YFYZ0009 and 2022JDJQ0054)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32225046)。
摘要The development of skeletal muscle are complicated processes involving genes responsible for proper muscle morphology,contractility,cell proliferation,differentiation,interactions,migration,and death.The three-dimensional chromatin architecture of skeletal muscle development has not been studied intensively although dynamic transcriptional regulation during differentiation of muscle cells is one of the most deeply studied processes.The RNA-seq was used to analyze the transcriptome pattern during chicken muscle development across 12 stages.Hi-C was used to build chromatin architectures during four representative stages.Ch IP-seq was conducted to identify enhancers and promoters in these four stages,which are occupied by histone H3K27ac and H3K4me3 peaks.Results show that large-scale genome architecture changes are mostly unidirectional,and coupled by complex on/off dynamic patterns of gene expression.Specifically,we observed 258.30 Mb of the genome undergoing A/B compartment switching.Notable alterations(316.57 Mb)of interaction frequencies within TADs were observed.Substantial aging-associated genes exhibited ascending connectivity with the compartment transition from repressive to active status during muscle development.Some muscle-related gene promoters that interacted with active enhancers during development,and some myopathy/aging-associated genes that were activated in aging muscle were founded.These results provide key insights into skeletal muscle development in vivo,and offer a valuable resource that allows in-depth functional characterization of candidate genes.
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Project(2021YFF100104-2)STI 2030-Major Projects(2023ZD0407102)+1 种基金Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2023ZD0406801)the CAS Strategic Priority Research Program(XDB1090101)。
摘要Ethylene,a pivotal gaseous phytohormone,regulates diverse processes in plant growth,development,and stress adaptation.In Arabidopsis(Arabidopsis thaliana),ethylene perception by endoplasmic reticulum localized receptors initiates a canonical signaling cascade involving CONSTITUTIVE TRIPLE RESPONSE 1(AtCTR1)and ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 2(AtEIN2).This pathway culminates in nuclear translocation of AtEIN2-CEND and activation of the transcription factor AtEIN3/EIN3-LIKE1(AtEIL1).Rice employs conserved(OsEIN2,OsCTR2,OsEIL1/2)and unique(Mao Huzi 3[MHZ3],MHZ11,MHZ1)components for ethylene signaling,reflecting adaptations to semi-aquatic environments.Ethylene regulates developmental processes including seed germination,apical hook formation,root architecture,flowering,and senescence,often via intricate crosstalk with auxin,abscisic acid,jasmonic acid,gibberellins,and brassinosteroids.Ethylene signaling also influences rice yield-related traits such as grain filling,grain size,and starch biosynthesis.Moreover,ethylene modulates responses to abiotic stresses(such as submergence,hypoxia,salinity,drought,and temperature fluctuations)and nutrient imbalances.This review synthesizes current understanding of ethylene signaling and its functions,focusing on the model dicot Arabidopsis and the monocot rice(Oryza sativa).It highlights conserved and diverged mechanisms,underscoring ethylene's potential as a target for enhancing crop resilience and productivity in changing environments.
基金supported by grants from Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(23A180020 to Yushun Zhang)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(252300420209 to Yushun Zhang)Special Fund for Scientific Research of Shanghai Landscaping and City Appearance Administrative Bureau(G252416 to Kunpeng Liu)。
摘要Chromatin remodeling plays an essential role in plant reproductive development.Our previous studies demonstrated that CHR721,a SWI/SNF-family chromatin remodeler,is essential for reproductive development in rice,as evidenced by a chr721 mutant exhibiting unrepaired DNA lesions during late meiosis and subsequent cell cycle arrest,ultimately causing sterility.Here,we observed defective pollen exine,anther epidermis,tapetal degeneration,and aberrant nutrient metabolism in the chr721 mutant,particularly in lipid mobilization.Lipid species essential for anther development,including phosphatidylcholine(PC),lysophosphatidylcholine(LPC),and phosphatidylethanolamine(PE),exhibited reduced accumulation in the mutant compared to the WT.We established the central regulatory role of CHR721-mediated transcription during anther development.RNA-seq profiling of the mutant uncovered many differentially expressed genes(DEGs)at the late-meiotic,uninucleate,and binucleate stages,revealing progressive transcriptional perturbations.Functional enrichment analysis(GO and KEGG)revealed significant associations with lipid metabolism-related pathways and biological processes necessary for anther development,including tapetal development and regulation of programmed cell death(PCD).These transcriptional regulations were consistent with the morphological characterization and lipidomic analysis of the anthers in the WT and mutant.All these results and previous studies suggest that CHR721 regulates transcription by influencing the chromatin status and provide novel insight into the transcriptional function of CHR721 in anther development in rice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32402528 and 32372665)。
摘要The HD-ZIP gene family,a group of plant-specific transcription factors,plays pivotal regulatory roles in various aspects of plant growth and development.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated the extensive involvement of HD-ZIP members in regulating reproductive developmental processes.This review systematically summarizes both the structural characteristics of the four HD-ZIP subfamilies(Ⅰ-Ⅳ)and their distinct regulatory roles in plant reproductive development.Recent studies reveal that a conserved HD-ZIPⅠclade serves as a core regulator of key reproductive processes,ranging from spike development in monocots(e.g.,barley Vrs1 and maize GT1)to sex determination in dicots(e.g.,cucumber CmHB40 and persimmon MeGI).Meanwhile,members of other subfamilies(HD-ZIPⅡ-Ⅳ)contribute significantly to diverse reproductive processes including pistil development,floral organ formation,and anther development,among others.This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of HD-ZIP subfamily functions in reproductive development,integrating current knowledge while highlighting critical research gaps.These insights aim to provide theoretical foundations for functional characterization and potential applications of HDZIP reproductive regulators,while advancing our understanding of transcriptional regulation mechanisms in plant reproductive development.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFD2303304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32572449)the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province (2022CXPT014-02)。
摘要Knowledge of the maize pollen development stages at which high temperature(HT) stress leads to male sterility and yield loss would support targeted breeding strategies. In a cross between Zhengdan 958(HT-tolerant) and Xianyu 335(HT-sensitive) the contributions of maize traits to effective grain number(EGN) loss under HT stress were measured during pollen development stages, with loss increasing with the approach of flowering. Traits including pollen number per anther, total tassel spikelets, and pollen germination and shedding were the strongest contributors at various stages. The stage-specific vulnerabilities of maize tassels to HT stress suggest increasing pollen production before the tetrad stage and increasing pollen fertility and shedding during the microspore development stage. In the short term,increasing pollen developmental quality offers the greatest potential for reducing HT-caused EGN loss.
基金supported by the Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Team and Talent Support Program-National Traditional Chinese Medicine Multidisciplinary Cross-Innovation Team Project。
摘要Objectives This study aimed to develop a competency-oriented ecological education model and evaluate the feasibility and preliminary outcomes of its implementation for enhancing evidence-based practice competencies among undergraduate nursing students.Methods An ecological education model was developed based on educational ecology theory and the input–environment–output(IEO)theoretical framework,and implemented from 2019 to 2024.The model integrated three core components:a four-year progressive competency development pathway(ranging from evidence-based thinking in year one to comprehensive practice application in year four);a three-tier ecological environment(comprising physical,classroom,and practice environments that incorporates six best practice spotlight organization guidelines into eight core courses);and multidimensional practice platforms,including health science communication and guideline translation.The reform was conducted at a nursing school of a double first-class university in Beijing,China.A naturalistic longitudinal cohort design was employed,which included 1,223 undergraduate nursing students at baseline(2019,pre-reform)and 1,237 at post-implementation(2024).A convergent parallel mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the implementation outcomes.Quantitative data on academic performance and innovation outcomes were collected at both time points,baseline and post-implementation.Semi-structured interviews with 18 students were conducted to supplement the exploration of their learning experiences.Results Academic engagement increased from 78.5%to 97.3%,evidence-based graduation theses rose from 18.6%to 30.0%,and innovation and entrepreneurship projects increased from 40 to 150.Qualitative analysis revealed four themes and twelve subthemes,revealing enhanced critical appraisal skills(88.9%),evidence synthesis capabilities(94.4%),and professional confidence(83.3%)among students.Integrated mixed-methods analysis revealed stage-specific characteristics across academic years:a complementarity pattern in Year 1(foundational awareness building),a convergence pattern in Years 2–3(systematic competency construction),an expansion pattern during the Year 3 transition(role adaptation challenges),and a convergence pattern in Year 4(comprehensive transformation and professional confidence enhancement).Conclusions This feasibility study demonstrated that the ecological education model could be successfully implemented in undergraduate nursing education with promising preliminary outcomes.This study provides an initial framework for nursing education innovation and establishes foundational evidence warranting future rigorous controlled studies to examine the model’s effectiveness.
基金supported by the Excellent Young Scientists Fund(Category B)(32422063)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1003500)the Zhengzhou University Qiushi Postdoctoral Research Funding Program.For open access,the authors have applied for a Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY)license for any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.
摘要Anther is a key male reproductive organ that is essential for the plant life cycle,from the sporophyte to the gametophyte generation.To explore the isoform-level transcriptional landscape of developing anthers in maize(Zea mays L.),we analyzed Iso-Seq data from anthers collected at 10 developmental stages,together with strand-specific RNA-seq,CAGE-seq,and PAS-seq data.Of the 152,026 high-confidence full-length isoforms identified,68.8%have not been described;these include 22,365 isoforms that originate from previously unannotated loci and 82,167 novel isoforms that originate from annotated protein-coding genes.Using our newly developed strategy to detect dynamic expression patterns of isoforms,we identify 13,899 differentially variable regions(DVRs);surprisingly,1275 genes contain more than two DVRs,revealing highly efficient utilization of limited genic regions.We identify 7876 long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)from 4098 loci,most of which were preferentially expressed during cell differentiation and meiosis.We also detected 371 long-range interactions involving intergenic lncRNAs(lincRNAs);interestingly,243 were lincRNA-gene ones,and the interacting genes were highly expressed in anthers,suggesting that many potential lncRNA regulators of key genes are required for anther development.This study provides valuable resources and fundamental information for studying the essential transcripts of key genes during anther development.
摘要1.Background The United Nations(UN)2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development,adopted in 2015,established the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)as a comprehensive framework to address global challenges through interconnected social,economic,and environmental targets.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(242300421028)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372091)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Fund of Henan Agricultural University(202023CXZX002)to ZY.F.the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000304)to Q-W.S.the Natural Science Foundation Youth Fund project of Henan Province(232300421261)to Q-Q.Z.the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M750812),and Henan Postdoctoral Foundation.
摘要α.-Zeins,the major maize endosperm storage proteins,are transcriptionally regulated by Opaque2(O2)and prolamin-box-binding factor 1(PBF1),with Opaque11(O11)functioning upstream of them.However,whether O11 directly binds toα-zein genes and its regulatory interactions with O2 and PBF1 remain unclear.Using the small-kernel mutant sw1,which exhibits decreased 19-kDa and increased 22-kDaα-zein,we positionally clone O11 and find it directly binds to G-box/E-box motifs.O11 activates 19-kDaα-zein transcription,stronger than PBF1 but weaker than O2.Notably,PBF1 competitively binds to an overlapping E-box/P-box motif,and represses O11-mediated transactivation.Although O11 does not physically interact with O2,it participates in the O2-centered hierarchical network to enhanceα-zein expression.sw1 o2 and sw1 pbf1 double mutants exhibit smaller,more opaque kernels with further reduced 19-kDa and 22-kDaα-zeins compared to the single mutants,suggesting distinct regulatory effects of these transcription factors on 19-kDa and 22-kDaα-zein genes.Promoter motif analysis suggests that O11,PBF1,and O2 directly regulate 19-kDaα-zein genes,while O11 indirectly controls 22-kDaα-zein genes via O2 and PBF1 modulation.These findings identify the unique and coordinated roles of O11,O2,and PBF1 in regulatingα.-zein genes and kernel development.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2023YFD1800502)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302892,32573401)+2 种基金Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB766)the S&T Program of Hebei(21322401D),Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(23)1029)Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Modern Agriculture,BE2023317).
摘要Group A rotaviruses(RVs)continue to be one of the most important pathogens causing severe acute gastroenteritis in infants and young animals worldwide.Recently,the prevalence of porcine RV(PoRV)from pig farms has strikingly increased,adversely affecting the swine industry,particularly with the G9 genotype of PoRV VP7 emerging as the predominant genotype spreading in China.Current vaccines against PoRV fail to provide sufficient protective immunity,necessitating urgent development of effective vaccines and antiviral drugs against PoRV.Here,we successfully established and improved the entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics(RG)system to rescue a G9 genotype of recombinant PoRV AHFY2022 strain(G9P[23]).Using the improved RG system,we rescued recombinant AHFY2022 harboring the fluorescent UnaG protein or nano-luciferase(NLuc)reporter within gene segment 7 that encodes non-structural protein 3(NSP3).Furthermore,we adopted the UnaG reporter virus to screen anti-PoRV drugs and identified two promising antiviral drugs,C8 and C9.Moreover,we generated the recombinant PoRV(rAHFY2022-G5-VP7)containing G5 genotype of VP7 from PoRV-positive samples in the backbone of AHFY2022 strain.The reassortant strain exhibited efficient replication and genetic stability.Mouse models were utilized to evaluate the immune responses elicited by rAHFY2022-G5-VP7 strain in vivo,revealing similar neutralizing antibodies and cellular immune response compared to the parental AHFY2022 strain in mice.Together,this study provides an important tool for screening potential anti-PoRV drugs and developing novel vaccines against prevalent PoRV strains.
基金NJP holds a Future Leader Award from the Novo Nordisk Foundation and European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes(NNF/EFSD NNF21SA0072747)a grant from the Diabetes Wellness Network Sverige(PG21-6524)+5 种基金supported by the Swedish Research Council(2015-00165)the European Research Council(ERC-2023-Ad G 101142093)a Wallenberg Scholars Award from the Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation(KAW 2023.0312)the Swedish Research Council for Sport Science(P2023-0093)The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research is an independent research center at the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences,University of Copenhagen,Denmark partially funded by an unrestricted donation from the Novo Nordisk Foundation(NNF18CC0034900,NNF23SA0084103)supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from the Strategic Research Program in Diabetes at Karolinska Institutet。
摘要Background:Cardiorespiratory fitness(CRF)is a powerful predictor of mortality and chronic disease risk,yet global patterns and determinants of CRF remain poorly defined,particularly in females and underrepresented populations.We conducted a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of directly measured peak oxygen uptake(VO2peak)internationally and examined its association with human development and gender ine quality.Methods:Studies were eligible if VO2peakwas assessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing,and if the countries had scores for the Human Development Index(HDI)and Gender Inequality Index(GII).Studies were identified through MEDLINE/PubMed,Embase,CINAHL,and Web of Science.Risks of bias were assessed by an adaptation of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Multivariable linear regression models examined associations between VO2peak,age,sex,exercise modality,HDI,GII,and study year.Results:Data included 95 studies from 24 countries with HDI and GII scores,comprising 119,435 adults(42%females)with VO2peakassessed via direct gas analysis during maximal exercise testing.The risk of bias was low.VO2peakwas positively associated with HDI(β=14.1)and negatively associated with GII(β=-3.6).Slightly stronger associations were observed in females than males(HDI:β=18.9 vs.β=13.9,GII:β=-4.6vs.β=-3.6).Young females in middle-HDI countries had higher VO2peakthan those in low-HDI countries(31.2mL/kg/min vs.28.5 mL/kg/min),with limited additional gams in high-HDI contexts.VO2peakdecreased with higher gender inequality,with the largest disparities observed in young females between high-and low-GII countries(26.3 mL/kg/min vs.32.8 mL/kg/min).Conclusion:Global variation in CRF is tied to national levels of human development and gender equality.These findings support prioritizing structural and policy-level interventions that address social and gender disparities in physical activity access and health promotion.Studies from countries with lower HDI and information on ethnicity and socioeconomic status will bridge crucial gaps in understanding factors involved in global CRF levels.
基金supported by grants from the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20475)Key Scientific and Technological Project of Henan Province(221111110500,HARS-22-05-G1)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2025M773992)。
摘要Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)serves as a vital oilseed and food crop worldwide.Embryo abortion reduces seed set in peanut and significantly limits yields,but the mechanisms responsible have remained unclear.Here,we examined an ethyl methanesulfonate(EMS)-induced peanut mutant exhibiting early embryo abortion and a partially single-seeded pod phenotype.Cytological analysis indicated that seed abortion in the mutant begins at the proembryo stage,7 d after flowering,with noticeable degeneration by 3 d after peg penetration into the soil(DAP),culminating in complete arrest by 10 DAP.Transcriptomic analysis identified 8778 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)during the transition from aerial to subterranean peg development in the mutant.These DEGs were significantly enriched for pathways such as MAPK signaling,auxin biosynthesis and transport,and calcium transport.Notably,we identified a premature stop codon mutation(C>T)in AhZAR1-4 of the mutant;this gene encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase.The mutation resulted in the truncation of the kinase and transmembrane domains of AhZAR1-4,leading to a loss of membrane localization and protein function.In yeast two-hybrid screening,AhZAR1-4 interacted with both AhIAA31 and AhBSK2.Heterologous overexpression of AhZAR1-4wtsuccessfully rescued the seed-abortion phenotype of the Arabidopsis thaliana atzar1-4 mutant and increased seed size,whereas AhZAR1-4mut expression did not.These findings identify AhZAR1-4 as a crucial regulator of seed development in peanut,making it a promising genetic target for improving pod yield and seed setting rate.
基金Supported by the 2024 Zhongshan Key Project for Innovation and Inheritance in Traditional Chinese Medicine(Prevention and Treatment&Health Project):2024B3006the Guangdong Province Graduate Education Innovation Program:2024JGXM_036the Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine"Double First-Class"and High-Level University Discipline High-Quality Development"Building Peak&Creating Excellence"Action Plan-"Creating Excellence"Project:GZY2025ZJ18。
摘要Objective To analyze the research status and hotspots,and evolutionary trend of publications on Jin’s three-needle therapy from 2000 to 2025,and to provide bibliometric evidence for the theoretical development and clinical expansion of this distinctive Lingnan(the area south of the Nanling Mountains in China)acupuncture-moxibustion therapy.Methods Relevant publications on Jin’s three-needle therapy were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure,VIP Database,Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform,and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database from January 1,2000 to July 9,2025.Two researchers independently screened and extracted data.Microsoft Excel was used for data management and disease spectrum analysis based on ICD-11 classification.CiteSpace software was employed to analyze publication trend,collaboration network,co-occurrence network,and keyword evolution.Results A total of 1295 publications were included,showing an overall upward trend in annual output.Research mainly focused on diseases of the nervous system(45.17%),those of the musculoskeletal system or connective tissue(28.88%),and mental,behavioral or neurodevelopmental disorders(9.11%),accounting for over 80%in total.The study types were predominantly clinical research,the proportion of mechanistic research was relatively low,and mechanistic research was weak across all core fields.Collaboration network analysis revealed low density between authors and institutions,exhibiting a“core-edge”structure with Professor Rui JIN’s inheritance team(Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine and its affiliated hospitals)as the core and widespread in periphery,demonstrating a distinct geographical clustering characteristic in the Lingnan region.Keyword evolution indicated that the research focus had expanded from neurological rehabilitation to multisystem diseases,and the attention had been drawn in multidimensional outcomes such as quality of life and motor function.Conclusion The research scale of Jin’s three-needle therapy has significantly expanded,demonstrating a relatively concentrated application distribution across three major domains:neurological disorders,musculoskeletal or connective tissue diseases,and mental,behavioral,or neurodevelopmental disorders.However,there are some shortcomings in the research of diseases,such as insufficient exploration of mechanisms and limited cooperation between teams and institutions.Future efforts should focus on strengthening mechanism research,conducting multicenter trials,and expanding inter-institutional collaboration to establish a more comprehensive evidence-based foundation,thereby enhancing the clinical reproducibility and academic influence of Jin’s three-needle therapy.