The efficient transfer of tacit knowledge is crucial for enhancing teamwork resilience and promoting collaborative innovation in construction projects.This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)hypers...The efficient transfer of tacit knowledge is crucial for enhancing teamwork resilience and promoting collaborative innovation in construction projects.This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)hyperscanning technology to measure interpersonal brain synchronization(IBS)during the transfer of different classifications of tacit knowledge.This study explored the relationships among types of tacit knowledge,IBS during the transfer process,and the performance of tacit knowledge transfer.Finally,the role of knowledge behavioral characteristics in the process of tacit knowledge transfer was revealed.The results show that i)there is a significant IBS between the sender and receiver during the transfer task,with the IBS level of the cognitive tacit knowledge group being significantly lower than that of the technical tacit knowledge group.ii)There is a significant causal relationship between the IBS level of the transferring subjects and transfer performance,and the type of tacit knowledge influences transfer performance through IBS.iii)The tacit knowledge learning willingness of the receiver and the tacit knowledge sharing willingness of the sender moderate the relationship between the classification of tacit knowledge and the IBS level,and the absorptive capacity of the receiver moderates the relationship between the IBS level and tacit knowledge transfer performance.This study identifies the transfer mechanism of engineering tacit knowledge and provides a reliable predictor for the performance of tacit knowledge transfer with strong hysteresis.展开更多
Human temporal bone specimens are used in experiments to measure the sound transfer function of the middle ear.This standard method for the development of middle ear implants requires temporal bones that possess appro...Human temporal bone specimens are used in experiments to measure the sound transfer function of the middle ear.This standard method for the development of middle ear implants requires temporal bones that possess appropriate mechanical properties and structural stability and are free from pathological conditions.A laser Doppler vibrometer is commonly employed to measure the vibration of the stapes footplate.These experiments are typically conducted in the middle ear by leaving the inner ear intact,exposing the stapes footplate through the tympanic cavity,and directing the laser beam onto the footplate.However,previous studies have shown that the influence of inner ear impedance on the middle ear transfer function cannot be ignored,and any surgical manipulation may cause a change in inner ear pressure,resulting in instability in the middle ear transfer function.Therefore,this study aims to eliminate the influence of the inner ear and to establish a new experimental method in human temporal bone specimens that is more suitable for the study of sound conduction in middle ear implants.As a result,a range for middle ear transfer function was developed,which serves as a reference for assessing the conformity of temporal bone specimens to experimental standards,and the stability of this range was demonstrated under experimental conditions.展开更多
Current research on rail vehicle system vibrations primarily relies on numerical methods,with vibration transfer functions commonly derived through data fitting.However,the physical mechanisms underlying these vibrati...Current research on rail vehicle system vibrations primarily relies on numerical methods,with vibration transfer functions commonly derived through data fitting.However,the physical mechanisms underlying these vibrations are not well understood.To clarify the vibration transfer function and its characteristics,four basic input vectors are defined,and an analytical method is proposed.The vibration transfer functions of the vehicle system are solved,and their spatial coherence is analyzed.The results show that there are two spatial scales and four coherent modes in the vehicle system.The track irregularity wavelengths are combined with two spatial scales to alter the proportions of basic input vectors and then show the characteristics of spatial coherence.Four coherent modes are involved in wheel-rail force and primary suspension force;two coherent modes are involved in bogie vertical motion;and their dominant modes vary with the input frequency.On the other hand,the coherent modes involved in the bogie pitching motion and vehicle body motion are single and fixed over the whole range of frequency.This study presents an analytical method for the rapid solution of dynamic responses in vehicle systems and systematically analyzes the coherence behavior of vibration transfer functions with respect to tracking irregularity wavelengths.展开更多
The co-occurrence of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and residual nitrogen in industrial wastewater presents significant challenges for conventional biological treatment.To overcome these limitations,this study developed an...The co-occurrence of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and residual nitrogen in industrial wastewater presents significant challenges for conventional biological treatment.To overcome these limitations,this study developed an innovative zero-valent iron(ZVI)enhanced nitrate-reducing bioreactor(ZVI-NR)that establishes an efficient electron transfer pathway for simultaneous DMF mineralization and nitrate removal.The ZVI-NR system achieved complete DMF removal(100%)and high nitrate reduction efficiency(96.17%±1.50%),representing 40.37%±2.30%and 34.23%±1.30%improvements over conventional NR system.The key innovation involves establishing an Fe2+/Fe3+electron shuttle system,coupled with the selective enrichment of iron-cycling genera(such as Dojkabacteria and Denitratisoma).These genera maintain iron bioavailability and facilitate extracellular electron transfer.The increased enzymatic activity(136.96%–161.23%for nitrateitrite reductases),and dynamic extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)secretion(154.73±4.65 mg/g VSS)featuringα-helix-dominated protein structures that improve microbial aggregation(Dojkabacteria,Chryseobacterium and Arenimonas,etc.).The superior performance of the system is further attributed to dual metabolic regulation through feoAB-mediated Fe2+transport and a formate dehydrogenase mediated mechanism that is hypothesized to contribute to the proton motive force.This study demonstrates a technological breakthrough in industrial wastewater treatment,which achieves stable and complete DMF mineralization at high loading rates.The unique iron-mediated electron transfer that enhances efficient DMF degradation and optimized nitrogen removal,addressing the challenge of treating refractory wastewater containing high organic and nitrogen loads.展开更多
Singlet fission(SF)holds great promise for advancing optoelectron-ics,with ultrafast timescales and high exciton yield per absorbed photon.Despite extensive experimental and theoretical investigations,under-standing t...Singlet fission(SF)holds great promise for advancing optoelectron-ics,with ultrafast timescales and high exciton yield per absorbed photon.Despite extensive experimental and theoretical investigations,under-standing the nature of charge-trans-fer and triplet-pair states remains challenging.Our previous study on cyclopentadithiophene-based quinoidal-biradical resonance structures[Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.25,29698(2023)]revealed their excellent tunability in chemical structure for SF.While the ultrafast dynamics in the excited state have not been fully explored,experimental data in-dicate a singlet excited state lifetime of approximately 2.1 ps.In our current study,we em-ploy excited-state dynamics simulations to theoretically investigate the formation of charge-transfer(CT)configuration during the SF process.Our simulations reveal correlated rotation-al angles of fluorenes,ranging from−40°to 60°,and detect primary charge transfer from the two fluorene moieties to the dithiophene fragment.Interestingly,the direction of charge transfer may alter within the simulation timeframe of hundreds of femtoseconds.Our theoret-ical simulations provide an informative reference for future design in SF.展开更多
AIM:To describe the characteristics of modulation transfer function(MTF)of anterior corneal surface,and obtain the the normal reference range of MTF at different spatial frequencies and optical zones of the anterior c...AIM:To describe the characteristics of modulation transfer function(MTF)of anterior corneal surface,and obtain the the normal reference range of MTF at different spatial frequencies and optical zones of the anterior corneal surface in myopes.METHODS:Four hundred eyes from 200 patients were examined under SIRIUS corneal topography system.Phoenis analysis software was applied to simulate the MTF curves of anterior corneal surface at vertical and horizontal meridians at the 3,4,5,6,7mm optical zones of cornea.The MTF values at spatial frequencies of 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 and 60 cycles/degree(c/d)were selected.RESULTS:The MTF curve of anterior corneal surface decreased rapidly from low to intermediate frequency(0-15cpd)at various optical zones of cornea,the value decreased to 0 slowly at higher frequency(>15cpd).With the increase of the optical zones of cornea,MTF curve decreased gradually.3)In the range of 3 mm-6 mm optical zones of the cornea,the MTF values measured at horizontal meridian were greater than the corresponding values at horizontal meridian of each spatial frequency,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).At 7 mm optical zones of cornea,the MTF values measured at horizontal meridian were less than the corresponding values at vertical meridian at 10-60 spatial frequencies(cpd),and the difference was statistically significant in 25,30,35,40,45,50 cpd(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:MTF can be used to describe the imaging quality of optical systems at anterior corneal surface objectively in detail.展开更多
A digital transfer function measurement system has been embedded in the low-level radio frequency (LLRF) system of the storage ring of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The measurement results indicate that...A digital transfer function measurement system has been embedded in the low-level radio frequency (LLRF) system of the storage ring of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The measurement results indicate that the decreased control accuracy at high current is primarily owing to ripples from the high-voltage power supply, the transient beam loading effect, and the digital aliasing effect. The current LLRF algorithm is not able to suppress these disturbances.展开更多
Confinement of rock bolts by the surrounding rock formation has long been recognized as a positive contributor to the pull-out behavior,yet only a few experimental works and analytical models have been reported,most o...Confinement of rock bolts by the surrounding rock formation has long been recognized as a positive contributor to the pull-out behavior,yet only a few experimental works and analytical models have been reported,most of which are based on the global rock bolt response evaluated in pull-out tests.This paper presents a laboratory experimental setup aiming to capture the rock formation effect,while using distributed fiber optic sensing to quantify the effect of the confinement and the reinforcement pull-out behavior on a more local level.It is shown that the behavior along the sample itself varies,with certain points exhibiting stress drops with crack formation.Some edge effects related to the kinematic freedom of the grout to dilate are also observed.Regardless,it was found that the mid-level response is quite similar to the average response along the sample.The ability to characterize the variation of the response along the sample is one of the many advantages high-resolution fiber optic sensing allows in such investigations.The paper also offers a plasticity-based hardening load transfer function,representing a"slice"of the anchor.The paper describes in detail the development of the model and the calibration/determination of its parameters.The suggested model captures well the coupled behavior in which the pull-out process leads to an increase in the confining stress due to dilative behavior.展开更多
AIM. To investigate the influence of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene transfer on the viability and function of cultured rat islets in vitro. METHODS: Islets were isolated from the pancreata of Sprague-Dawley rats by i...AIM. To investigate the influence of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene transfer on the viability and function of cultured rat islets in vitro. METHODS: Islets were isolated from the pancreata of Sprague-Dawley rats by intraductal collagenase digestion, and purified by discontinuous Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Purified rat islets were transfected with adenoviral vectors containing human HO-1 gene (Ad- HO-1) or enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (Ad- EGFP), and then cultured for seven days. Transfection was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Western blot. Islet viability was evaluated by acridine orange/ propidium iodide fluorescent staining. Glucose-stimulated insulin release was detected using insulin radioimmunoassay kits and was used to assess the function of islets. Stimulation index (SI) was calculated by dividing the insulin release upon high glucose stimulation by the insulin release upon low glucose stimulation. RESULTS: After seven days culture, the viability of cultured rat islets decreased significantly (92% ± 6% vs 52% ± 13%, P 〈 0.05), and glucose-stimulated insulin release also decreased significantly (6.47 ± 0.55 mIU/ L/30IEO vs 4.57 ± 0.40 mIU/L/3OIEO., 14.93 ± 1.17 mIU/L/30IEQ vs 9.63 ± 0.71 mIU/L/30IEQ, P 〈 0.05). Transfection of rat islets with adenoviral vectors at an 1±10 of 20 was efficient, and did not impair islet function. At 7 d post-transfection, the viability of Ad-HO-1 transfected islets was higher than that of control islets(71% ± 15% vs 52% ± 13%, P 〈 0.05). There was no significant difference in insulin release upon low glucose stimulation (2.8 mmol/L) among Ad-HO-1 transfected group, Ad-EGFP transfected group, and control group (P 〉 0.05), while when stimulated by high glucose (16.7 mmol/L) solution, insulin release in Ad-HO-1 transfected group was significantly higher than that in Ad-EGFP transfected group and control group, respectively (12.50 ±2.17 mIU/L/30IEQ vs 8.87 ± 0.65 mIU/L/30IEQ, 12.50 ± 2.17 mIU/L/30IEQ vs 9.63 ± 0.71 mIU/L/30IEQ, P 〈 0.05). The SI of Ad-HO-1 transfected group was also significantly higher than that of Ad-EGFP transfected group and control group, respectively (2.21 ± 0.02 vs 2.08 ± 0.05; 2.21 ± 0.02 vs 2.11 ± 0.03, P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: The viability and function of rat islets decrease over time in in vitro culture, and heine oxygenase-1 gene transfer could improve the viability and function of cultured rat islets.展开更多
An optical transfer function (OTF) reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography (IFP). The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and...An optical transfer function (OTF) reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography (IFP). The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and the OTF of an imaging system with unknown aberrations simultaneously. This model overcomes the difficult problem of OTF estimation that the previous IFP faces. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations, and the superior reconstruction is presented. We believe that the reported algorithm can extend the original IFP for more complex conditions and may provide a solution by using structured light for characterization of optical systems' aberrations.展开更多
Based on the fact that the real inductor and the real capacitor are fractional order in nature and the fractional calculus,the transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter in a continuous co...Based on the fact that the real inductor and the real capacitor are fractional order in nature and the fractional calculus,the transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter in a continuous conduction mode(CCM) operation are carried out in this paper.The fractional order small signal model and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the open-loop Buck converter in a CCM operation are presented.The transfer functions from the input voltage to the output voltage,from the input voltage to the inductor current,from the duty cycle to the output voltage,from the duty cycle to the inductor current,and the output impedance of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are derived,and their bode diagrams and step responses are calculated,respectively.It is found that all the derived fractional order transfer functions of the system are influenced by the fractional orders of the inductor and the capacitor.Finally,the realization of the fractional order inductor and the fractional order capacitor is designed,and the corresponding PSIM circuit simulation results of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are given to confirm the correctness of the derivations and the theoretical analysis.展开更多
When imaging ocean surface waves by X-band marine radar, the radar backscatter from the sea surface is modulated by the long surface gravity waves. The modulation transfer function (MTF) comprises tilt, hydrodynamic...When imaging ocean surface waves by X-band marine radar, the radar backscatter from the sea surface is modulated by the long surface gravity waves. The modulation transfer function (MTF) comprises tilt, hydrodynamic, and shadowing modulations. A conventional linear MTF was derived using HH-polarized radar observations under conditions of deep water. In this study, we propose a new quadratic polynomial MTF based on W-polarized radar measurements taken from heterogeneous nearshore wave fields. This new MTF is obtained using a radar-observed image spectrum and in situ buoy-measured wave frequency spectrum. We validate the MTF by comparing peak and mean wave periods retrieved from X-band marine radar image sequences with those measured by the buoy. It is shown that the retrieval accuracies of peak and mean wave periods of the new MTF are better than the conventional MTF. The results also show that the bias and root mean square errors of the peak and mean wave periods of the new MTF are 0.05 and 0.88 s, and 0.32 and 0.53 s, respectively, while those of the conventional MTF are 0.61 and 0.98 s, and 1.39 and 1.48 s, respectively. Moreover, it is also shown that the retrieval results are insensitive to the coefficients in the proposed MTF.展开更多
The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function (OTF) is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering (MCSS) method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation (RTE) under the periodic gr...The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function (OTF) is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering (MCSS) method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation (RTE) under the periodic ground condition. This approach is a direct hit to the atmospheric scattering OTF using the same original context of modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement, i.e., images of sinusoidal grating at different spatial frequencies. Both the amplitude and phase shift of the OTF at various zenith and azimuth angles can be obtained at an arbitrary spatial frequency.展开更多
Accurately measuring precipitation is integral for understanding water cycle processes and assessing climate change in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP).The Geonor T-200B weighing precipitation gauge with a single Alter...Accurately measuring precipitation is integral for understanding water cycle processes and assessing climate change in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP).The Geonor T-200B weighing precipitation gauge with a single Alter shield(Geonor)and the Chinese standard precipitation gauge(CSPG)are widely used for measuring precipitation in the QTP.However,their measurements need to be adjusted for wetting loss,evaporation loss and windinduced undercatch.Four existing transfer functions for adjusting the Geonor-recorded and three transfer functions for adjusting the CSPG-recorded precipitation at hourly,daily or event scale has been proposed based on the precipitation intercomparison experiments conducted at a single site in different regions.Two latest transfer functions for the Geonor(which are referred to as K2017a and K2017b)at the half-hour time scale based on the precipitation intercomparison experiments at multiple stations in the northern hemisphere were provided in the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment.However,the applicability of these transfer functions in the QTP has not been evaluated.Therefore,the current study carried out a precipitation measurement intercomparison experiment between August 2018 and September 2020 at a site in Beiluhe in central QTP.The performance of these transfer functions at this site was also evaluated on the basis of mean bias(MB),root mean squared error(RMSE)and relative total catch(RTC).The results are as follows:First,the unadjusted RTC values of the Geonor for rain,mixed(snow mixed with rain),snow and hail are 92.06%,85.35%,64.11%and 91.82%,respectively,and the unadjusted RTC values of the CSPG for the same precipitation types are 92.59%,81.32%,46.43%and 95.56%,respectively.Second,K2017a has the most accurate adjustment results for the Geonor-recorded snow and mixed precipitation at the half-hour time scale,and the post-adjustment RTC values increased to 98.25%and 98.23%,respectively.M2007e,an event-based transfer function,was found to have the most accurate adjustment results for the Geonorrecorded snow precipitation at the event scale,and the post-adjustment RTC value increased to 96.36%.Third,the existing transfer functions for CSPG underestimate snowfall,while overestimating rainfall.Fourth,hail is a significant precipitation type in central QTP.The catch efficiency of hail precipitation and the temperature when hail precipitation occurs are close to those of rain;moreover,the transfer functions for rain are suitable for hail as well.展开更多
The galvanic coupling intra-body communication (IBC) was mathematically simulated based on the proposed transfer function. Firstly, a galvanic coupling IBC circuit model was developed and the corresponding parameter...The galvanic coupling intra-body communication (IBC) was mathematically simulated based on the proposed transfer function. Firstly, a galvanic coupling IBC circuit model was developed and the corresponding parameters were discussed. Secondly, the transfer function of the galvanic coupling IBC was derived and proposed. Finally, the signal attenuation characteristics of the galvanic coupling IBC were measured along different signal transmission paths of actual human bodies, while the corresponding mathematical simulations based on the proposed transfer function were carried out. Our investigation showed that the mathematical simulation results coincided with the measured results over the frequency range of 100kHz to 5MHz, which indicated that the proposed transfer function could be useful for theoretical analysis and application of the galvanic coupling IBC.展开更多
The effects of axial ligand on the oxygen atom transfer(OAT)reaction from 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole((tpfc)MnVO)to dimethyl sulfide(DMS)have been investigated by density functional theory(DFT)calculatio...The effects of axial ligand on the oxygen atom transfer(OAT)reaction from 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole((tpfc)MnVO)to dimethyl sulfide(DMS)have been investigated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Imidazole(Im),4-methylimidazole(4-MI)and pyridine(Py)were selected as the axial ligands.The results revealed that the axial ligand can form coordinate bond with(tpfc)MnVO in the transition state(TS)of the OAT reaction.The axial coordination favored charge transferring from(tpfc)MnVO to DMS,and weakened the Mn≡O bond in both singlet and triplet states.Furthermore,axial coordination can reduce the energy barrier of neutral(tpfc)MnVO from 23.62 kJ·mol-1to less than 3 kJ·mol-1in the triplet state,which is significantly lower than in the singlet state.This makes(tpfc)MnVO tend to direct the OAT reaction via triplet state pathway.On the other hand,the energy barriers of[(tpfc)MnVIO]+species from disproportionation pathway increased from 1.26 to 33.95 kJ·mol-1in a doublet state.This suggests axial ligands were conducive for direct(tpfc)MnVO OAT reaction pathway.展开更多
The resolution characteristic can be obtained by the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a GaAs/GaA1As photocathode. After establishing the theoretical model of GaAs(100)-oriented atomic configuration and the fo...The resolution characteristic can be obtained by the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a GaAs/GaA1As photocathode. After establishing the theoretical model of GaAs(100)-oriented atomic configuration and the formula for the ionized impurity scattering of the non-equilibrium carriers, this paper calculates the trajectories of photoelectrons in a photocathode. Thus the distribution of photoelectron spots on the emit-face is obtained, which is namely the point spread function. The MTF is obtained by Fourier transfer of the line spread function obtained from the point spread function. The MTF obtained from these calculations is shown to depend heavily on the electron diffusion length, and enhanced considerably by decreasing the electron diffusion length and increasing the doping concentration. Furthermore, the resolution is enhanced considerably by increasing the active-layer thickness, especially at high spatial frequencies. The best spatial resolution is 860 lp/mm, for the GaAs photocathode of doping concentration 1 ×10^19 cm 3 electron diffusion length 3.6 μm and the active-layer thickness 2 μm, under the 633-nm light irradiated. This research will contribute to the future improvement of the cathode's resolution for preparing a high performance GaAs photocathode, and improve the resolution of a low light level image intensifier.展开更多
Functionally graded materials(FGMs)are a novel class of composite materials that have attracted significant attention in the field of engineering due to their unique mechanical properties.This study aims to explore th...Functionally graded materials(FGMs)are a novel class of composite materials that have attracted significant attention in the field of engineering due to their unique mechanical properties.This study aims to explore the dynamic behaviors of an FGM stepped beam with different boundary conditions based on an efficient solving method.Under the assumptions of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory,the governing differential equations of an individual FGM beam are derived with Hamilton’s principle and decoupled via the separation-of-variable approach.Then,the free and forced vibrations of the FGM stepped beam are solved with the transfer matrix method(TMM).Two models,i.e.,a three-level FGM stepped beam and a five-level FGM stepped beam,are considered,and their natural frequencies and mode shapes are presented.To demonstrate the validity of the method in this paper,the simulation results by ABAQUS are also given.On this basis,the detailed parametric analyses on the frequencies and dynamic responses of the three-level FGM stepped beam are carried out.The results show the accuracy and efficiency of the TMM.展开更多
Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network lev...Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.展开更多
Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based heterogonous peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation degradation of pollutants has attracted extensive attention.The challenge is to selectively regulate the traditional free radical domina...Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based heterogonous peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation degradation of pollutants has attracted extensive attention.The challenge is to selectively regulate the traditional free radical dominant degradation pathway into a nonradical degradation pathway.Herein,an interface ar-chitecture of Ti3 C2 Tx-MXene(MXene)loading on the Fe-Al LDH scaffold was developed,which showed excellent stability and robust resistance against harsh conditions.Significantly,the rate constant for tetra-cycline hydrochloride(TC)degradation in the MXene-LDH/PMS process was 0.421 min-1,which was ten times faster than the rate constant for pure Fe-Al LDH(0.042 min-1).Specifically,more reactive Fe with the closer d-band center to the Fermi level results in higher electron transfer efficiency.The occupa-tions of Fe-3d orbitals in Mxene/Fe-Al LDH are pushed above the Fermi level to generate,which results in higher PMS adsorption and inhibition of the release of oxygen-containing active species intermedi-ates,leading to the enhanced1O2 generation.Additionally,the built-in electric field in the heterojunc-tion was driven by the charge redistribution between MXene and Fe-Al LDH,resulting in a mediated-electron transfer mechanism,differentiating it from the Fe-Al LDH/PMS system.It was fascinating that MXene/Fe-Al LDH achieved satisfactory treatment efficiency in continuous column reactor and real landfill leachate.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.72104192)Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province of China(Grant Nos.2025JC-YBQN-992 and 2025JCYBQN-966)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities(20232026),China(Grant No.Z20230765).
摘要The efficient transfer of tacit knowledge is crucial for enhancing teamwork resilience and promoting collaborative innovation in construction projects.This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy(fNIRS)hyperscanning technology to measure interpersonal brain synchronization(IBS)during the transfer of different classifications of tacit knowledge.This study explored the relationships among types of tacit knowledge,IBS during the transfer process,and the performance of tacit knowledge transfer.Finally,the role of knowledge behavioral characteristics in the process of tacit knowledge transfer was revealed.The results show that i)there is a significant IBS between the sender and receiver during the transfer task,with the IBS level of the cognitive tacit knowledge group being significantly lower than that of the technical tacit knowledge group.ii)There is a significant causal relationship between the IBS level of the transferring subjects and transfer performance,and the type of tacit knowledge influences transfer performance through IBS.iii)The tacit knowledge learning willingness of the receiver and the tacit knowledge sharing willingness of the sender moderate the relationship between the classification of tacit knowledge and the IBS level,and the absorptive capacity of the receiver moderates the relationship between the IBS level and tacit knowledge transfer performance.This study identifies the transfer mechanism of engineering tacit knowledge and provides a reliable predictor for the performance of tacit knowledge transfer with strong hysteresis.
摘要Human temporal bone specimens are used in experiments to measure the sound transfer function of the middle ear.This standard method for the development of middle ear implants requires temporal bones that possess appropriate mechanical properties and structural stability and are free from pathological conditions.A laser Doppler vibrometer is commonly employed to measure the vibration of the stapes footplate.These experiments are typically conducted in the middle ear by leaving the inner ear intact,exposing the stapes footplate through the tympanic cavity,and directing the laser beam onto the footplate.However,previous studies have shown that the influence of inner ear impedance on the middle ear transfer function cannot be ignored,and any surgical manipulation may cause a change in inner ear pressure,resulting in instability in the middle ear transfer function.Therefore,this study aims to eliminate the influence of the inner ear and to establish a new experimental method in human temporal bone specimens that is more suitable for the study of sound conduction in middle ear implants.As a result,a range for middle ear transfer function was developed,which serves as a reference for assessing the conformity of temporal bone specimens to experimental standards,and the stability of this range was demonstrated under experimental conditions.
基金Supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2024QYBS031)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2022JBQY007)。
摘要Current research on rail vehicle system vibrations primarily relies on numerical methods,with vibration transfer functions commonly derived through data fitting.However,the physical mechanisms underlying these vibrations are not well understood.To clarify the vibration transfer function and its characteristics,four basic input vectors are defined,and an analytical method is proposed.The vibration transfer functions of the vehicle system are solved,and their spatial coherence is analyzed.The results show that there are two spatial scales and four coherent modes in the vehicle system.The track irregularity wavelengths are combined with two spatial scales to alter the proportions of basic input vectors and then show the characteristics of spatial coherence.Four coherent modes are involved in wheel-rail force and primary suspension force;two coherent modes are involved in bogie vertical motion;and their dominant modes vary with the input frequency.On the other hand,the coherent modes involved in the bogie pitching motion and vehicle body motion are single and fixed over the whole range of frequency.This study presents an analytical method for the rapid solution of dynamic responses in vehicle systems and systematically analyzes the coherence behavior of vibration transfer functions with respect to tracking irregularity wavelengths.
基金financed by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFA1201704)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52200100)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BK20220970)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.30924010831)。
摘要The co-occurrence of N,N-dimethylformamide(DMF)and residual nitrogen in industrial wastewater presents significant challenges for conventional biological treatment.To overcome these limitations,this study developed an innovative zero-valent iron(ZVI)enhanced nitrate-reducing bioreactor(ZVI-NR)that establishes an efficient electron transfer pathway for simultaneous DMF mineralization and nitrate removal.The ZVI-NR system achieved complete DMF removal(100%)and high nitrate reduction efficiency(96.17%±1.50%),representing 40.37%±2.30%and 34.23%±1.30%improvements over conventional NR system.The key innovation involves establishing an Fe2+/Fe3+electron shuttle system,coupled with the selective enrichment of iron-cycling genera(such as Dojkabacteria and Denitratisoma).These genera maintain iron bioavailability and facilitate extracellular electron transfer.The increased enzymatic activity(136.96%–161.23%for nitrateitrite reductases),and dynamic extracellular polymeric substance(EPS)secretion(154.73±4.65 mg/g VSS)featuringα-helix-dominated protein structures that improve microbial aggregation(Dojkabacteria,Chryseobacterium and Arenimonas,etc.).The superior performance of the system is further attributed to dual metabolic regulation through feoAB-mediated Fe2+transport and a formate dehydrogenase mediated mechanism that is hypothesized to contribute to the proton motive force.This study demonstrates a technological breakthrough in industrial wastewater treatment,which achieves stable and complete DMF mineralization at high loading rates.The unique iron-mediated electron transfer that enhances efficient DMF degradation and optimized nitrogen removal,addressing the challenge of treating refractory wastewater containing high organic and nitrogen loads.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22173017)the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.22511103900)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2232023A-02)。
摘要Singlet fission(SF)holds great promise for advancing optoelectron-ics,with ultrafast timescales and high exciton yield per absorbed photon.Despite extensive experimental and theoretical investigations,under-standing the nature of charge-trans-fer and triplet-pair states remains challenging.Our previous study on cyclopentadithiophene-based quinoidal-biradical resonance structures[Phys.Chem.Chem.Phys.25,29698(2023)]revealed their excellent tunability in chemical structure for SF.While the ultrafast dynamics in the excited state have not been fully explored,experimental data in-dicate a singlet excited state lifetime of approximately 2.1 ps.In our current study,we em-ploy excited-state dynamics simulations to theoretically investigate the formation of charge-transfer(CT)configuration during the SF process.Our simulations reveal correlated rotation-al angles of fluorenes,ranging from−40°to 60°,and detect primary charge transfer from the two fluorene moieties to the dithiophene fragment.Interestingly,the direction of charge transfer may alter within the simulation timeframe of hundreds of femtoseconds.Our theoret-ical simulations provide an informative reference for future design in SF.
摘要AIM:To describe the characteristics of modulation transfer function(MTF)of anterior corneal surface,and obtain the the normal reference range of MTF at different spatial frequencies and optical zones of the anterior corneal surface in myopes.METHODS:Four hundred eyes from 200 patients were examined under SIRIUS corneal topography system.Phoenis analysis software was applied to simulate the MTF curves of anterior corneal surface at vertical and horizontal meridians at the 3,4,5,6,7mm optical zones of cornea.The MTF values at spatial frequencies of 5,10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55 and 60 cycles/degree(c/d)were selected.RESULTS:The MTF curve of anterior corneal surface decreased rapidly from low to intermediate frequency(0-15cpd)at various optical zones of cornea,the value decreased to 0 slowly at higher frequency(>15cpd).With the increase of the optical zones of cornea,MTF curve decreased gradually.3)In the range of 3 mm-6 mm optical zones of the cornea,the MTF values measured at horizontal meridian were greater than the corresponding values at horizontal meridian of each spatial frequency,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).At 7 mm optical zones of cornea,the MTF values measured at horizontal meridian were less than the corresponding values at vertical meridian at 10-60 spatial frequencies(cpd),and the difference was statistically significant in 25,30,35,40,45,50 cpd(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:MTF can be used to describe the imaging quality of optical systems at anterior corneal surface objectively in detail.
摘要A digital transfer function measurement system has been embedded in the low-level radio frequency (LLRF) system of the storage ring of the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The measurement results indicate that the decreased control accuracy at high current is primarily owing to ripples from the high-voltage power supply, the transient beam loading effect, and the digital aliasing effect. The current LLRF algorithm is not able to suppress these disturbances.
基金funding support from the Israeli Ministry of Housing and Construction(Grant No.2028286).
摘要Confinement of rock bolts by the surrounding rock formation has long been recognized as a positive contributor to the pull-out behavior,yet only a few experimental works and analytical models have been reported,most of which are based on the global rock bolt response evaluated in pull-out tests.This paper presents a laboratory experimental setup aiming to capture the rock formation effect,while using distributed fiber optic sensing to quantify the effect of the confinement and the reinforcement pull-out behavior on a more local level.It is shown that the behavior along the sample itself varies,with certain points exhibiting stress drops with crack formation.Some edge effects related to the kinematic freedom of the grout to dilate are also observed.Regardless,it was found that the mid-level response is quite similar to the average response along the sample.The ability to characterize the variation of the response along the sample is one of the many advantages high-resolution fiber optic sensing allows in such investigations.The paper also offers a plasticity-based hardening load transfer function,representing a"slice"of the anchor.The paper describes in detail the development of the model and the calibration/determination of its parameters.The suggested model captures well the coupled behavior in which the pull-out process leads to an increase in the confining stress due to dilative behavior.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 30571759Social Development Foundation of Shanghai, No. 200253
摘要AIM. To investigate the influence of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) gene transfer on the viability and function of cultured rat islets in vitro. METHODS: Islets were isolated from the pancreata of Sprague-Dawley rats by intraductal collagenase digestion, and purified by discontinuous Ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Purified rat islets were transfected with adenoviral vectors containing human HO-1 gene (Ad- HO-1) or enhanced green fluorescent protein gene (Ad- EGFP), and then cultured for seven days. Transfection was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and Western blot. Islet viability was evaluated by acridine orange/ propidium iodide fluorescent staining. Glucose-stimulated insulin release was detected using insulin radioimmunoassay kits and was used to assess the function of islets. Stimulation index (SI) was calculated by dividing the insulin release upon high glucose stimulation by the insulin release upon low glucose stimulation. RESULTS: After seven days culture, the viability of cultured rat islets decreased significantly (92% ± 6% vs 52% ± 13%, P 〈 0.05), and glucose-stimulated insulin release also decreased significantly (6.47 ± 0.55 mIU/ L/30IEO vs 4.57 ± 0.40 mIU/L/3OIEO., 14.93 ± 1.17 mIU/L/30IEQ vs 9.63 ± 0.71 mIU/L/30IEQ, P 〈 0.05). Transfection of rat islets with adenoviral vectors at an 1±10 of 20 was efficient, and did not impair islet function. At 7 d post-transfection, the viability of Ad-HO-1 transfected islets was higher than that of control islets(71% ± 15% vs 52% ± 13%, P 〈 0.05). There was no significant difference in insulin release upon low glucose stimulation (2.8 mmol/L) among Ad-HO-1 transfected group, Ad-EGFP transfected group, and control group (P 〉 0.05), while when stimulated by high glucose (16.7 mmol/L) solution, insulin release in Ad-HO-1 transfected group was significantly higher than that in Ad-EGFP transfected group and control group, respectively (12.50 ±2.17 mIU/L/30IEQ vs 8.87 ± 0.65 mIU/L/30IEQ, 12.50 ± 2.17 mIU/L/30IEQ vs 9.63 ± 0.71 mIU/L/30IEQ, P 〈 0.05). The SI of Ad-HO-1 transfected group was also significantly higher than that of Ad-EGFP transfected group and control group, respectively (2.21 ± 0.02 vs 2.08 ± 0.05; 2.21 ± 0.02 vs 2.11 ± 0.03, P 〈 0.05). CONCLUSION: The viability and function of rat islets decrease over time in in vitro culture, and heine oxygenase-1 gene transfer could improve the viability and function of cultured rat islets.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61205144the Research Project of National University of Defense Technology under Grant No JC13-07-01the Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences
摘要An optical transfer function (OTF) reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography (IFP). The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and the OTF of an imaging system with unknown aberrations simultaneously. This model overcomes the difficult problem of OTF estimation that the previous IFP faces. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations, and the superior reconstruction is presented. We believe that the reported algorithm can extend the original IFP for more complex conditions and may provide a solution by using structured light for characterization of optical systems' aberrations.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51007068)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20100201120028)+2 种基金the Natural Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China (Grant No. 2012JQ7026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant No. 2012jdgz09)the State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment of China (Grant No. EIPE12303)
摘要Based on the fact that the real inductor and the real capacitor are fractional order in nature and the fractional calculus,the transfer function modeling and analysis of the open-loop Buck converter in a continuous conduction mode(CCM) operation are carried out in this paper.The fractional order small signal model and the corresponding equivalent circuit of the open-loop Buck converter in a CCM operation are presented.The transfer functions from the input voltage to the output voltage,from the input voltage to the inductor current,from the duty cycle to the output voltage,from the duty cycle to the inductor current,and the output impedance of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are derived,and their bode diagrams and step responses are calculated,respectively.It is found that all the derived fractional order transfer functions of the system are influenced by the fractional orders of the inductor and the capacitor.Finally,the realization of the fractional order inductor and the fractional order capacitor is designed,and the corresponding PSIM circuit simulation results of the open-loop Buck converter in CCM operation are given to confirm the correctness of the derivations and the theoretical analysis.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2013AA09A505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41076119,41176160,41476158)+4 种基金the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(PAPD)the Natural Science Youth Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2012467)the Natural Science State Key Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK2011008)the National Natural Science Youth Foundation of China(No.41206171)the Startup Foundation for Introducing Talent of Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology(No.S8113078001)
摘要When imaging ocean surface waves by X-band marine radar, the radar backscatter from the sea surface is modulated by the long surface gravity waves. The modulation transfer function (MTF) comprises tilt, hydrodynamic, and shadowing modulations. A conventional linear MTF was derived using HH-polarized radar observations under conditions of deep water. In this study, we propose a new quadratic polynomial MTF based on W-polarized radar measurements taken from heterogeneous nearshore wave fields. This new MTF is obtained using a radar-observed image spectrum and in situ buoy-measured wave frequency spectrum. We validate the MTF by comparing peak and mean wave periods retrieved from X-band marine radar image sequences with those measured by the buoy. It is shown that the retrieval accuracies of peak and mean wave periods of the new MTF are better than the conventional MTF. The results also show that the bias and root mean square errors of the peak and mean wave periods of the new MTF are 0.05 and 0.88 s, and 0.32 and 0.53 s, respectively, while those of the conventional MTF are 0.61 and 0.98 s, and 1.39 and 1.48 s, respectively. Moreover, it is also shown that the retrieval results are insensitive to the coefficients in the proposed MTF.
基金supported by the Main Direction Program of Knowledge Innovation of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KGFZD-125-13-006)
摘要The atmospheric scattering optical transfer function (OTF) is solved by applying the multi-coupled single scattering (MCSS) method to the three-dimensional radiative transfer equation (RTE) under the periodic ground condition. This approach is a direct hit to the atmospheric scattering OTF using the same original context of modulation transfer function (MTF) measurement, i.e., images of sinusoidal grating at different spatial frequencies. Both the amplitude and phase shift of the OTF at various zenith and azimuth angles can be obtained at an arbitrary spatial frequency.
基金supported primarily by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(42171467,42001060 and 41705139)Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(2021-ZJ947Q)。
摘要Accurately measuring precipitation is integral for understanding water cycle processes and assessing climate change in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau(QTP).The Geonor T-200B weighing precipitation gauge with a single Alter shield(Geonor)and the Chinese standard precipitation gauge(CSPG)are widely used for measuring precipitation in the QTP.However,their measurements need to be adjusted for wetting loss,evaporation loss and windinduced undercatch.Four existing transfer functions for adjusting the Geonor-recorded and three transfer functions for adjusting the CSPG-recorded precipitation at hourly,daily or event scale has been proposed based on the precipitation intercomparison experiments conducted at a single site in different regions.Two latest transfer functions for the Geonor(which are referred to as K2017a and K2017b)at the half-hour time scale based on the precipitation intercomparison experiments at multiple stations in the northern hemisphere were provided in the World Meteorological Organization Solid Precipitation Intercomparison Experiment.However,the applicability of these transfer functions in the QTP has not been evaluated.Therefore,the current study carried out a precipitation measurement intercomparison experiment between August 2018 and September 2020 at a site in Beiluhe in central QTP.The performance of these transfer functions at this site was also evaluated on the basis of mean bias(MB),root mean squared error(RMSE)and relative total catch(RTC).The results are as follows:First,the unadjusted RTC values of the Geonor for rain,mixed(snow mixed with rain),snow and hail are 92.06%,85.35%,64.11%and 91.82%,respectively,and the unadjusted RTC values of the CSPG for the same precipitation types are 92.59%,81.32%,46.43%and 95.56%,respectively.Second,K2017a has the most accurate adjustment results for the Geonor-recorded snow and mixed precipitation at the half-hour time scale,and the post-adjustment RTC values increased to 98.25%and 98.23%,respectively.M2007e,an event-based transfer function,was found to have the most accurate adjustment results for the Geonorrecorded snow precipitation at the event scale,and the post-adjustment RTC value increased to 96.36%.Third,the existing transfer functions for CSPG underestimate snowfall,while overestimating rainfall.Fourth,hail is a significant precipitation type in central QTP.The catch efficiency of hail precipitation and the temperature when hail precipitation occurs are close to those of rain;moreover,the transfer functions for rain are suitable for hail as well.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60801050)the Basic Research Foundation of Beijing Institute of Technology(1010050320804)
摘要The galvanic coupling intra-body communication (IBC) was mathematically simulated based on the proposed transfer function. Firstly, a galvanic coupling IBC circuit model was developed and the corresponding parameters were discussed. Secondly, the transfer function of the galvanic coupling IBC was derived and proposed. Finally, the signal attenuation characteristics of the galvanic coupling IBC were measured along different signal transmission paths of actual human bodies, while the corresponding mathematical simulations based on the proposed transfer function were carried out. Our investigation showed that the mathematical simulation results coincided with the measured results over the frequency range of 100kHz to 5MHz, which indicated that the proposed transfer function could be useful for theoretical analysis and application of the galvanic coupling IBC.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21275057,21671068)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(S2012010008763,2017A050506048)
摘要The effects of axial ligand on the oxygen atom transfer(OAT)reaction from 5,10,15-tris(pentafluorophenyl)corrole((tpfc)MnVO)to dimethyl sulfide(DMS)have been investigated by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.Imidazole(Im),4-methylimidazole(4-MI)and pyridine(Py)were selected as the axial ligands.The results revealed that the axial ligand can form coordinate bond with(tpfc)MnVO in the transition state(TS)of the OAT reaction.The axial coordination favored charge transferring from(tpfc)MnVO to DMS,and weakened the Mn≡O bond in both singlet and triplet states.Furthermore,axial coordination can reduce the energy barrier of neutral(tpfc)MnVO from 23.62 kJ·mol-1to less than 3 kJ·mol-1in the triplet state,which is significantly lower than in the singlet state.This makes(tpfc)MnVO tend to direct the OAT reaction via triplet state pathway.On the other hand,the energy barriers of[(tpfc)MnVIO]+species from disproportionation pathway increased from 1.26 to 33.95 kJ·mol-1in a doublet state.This suggests axial ligands were conducive for direct(tpfc)MnVO OAT reaction pathway.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60678043)the Research and Innovation Plan for Graduate Students of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China (Grant No. CX09B 096Z)
摘要The resolution characteristic can be obtained by the modulation transfer function (MTF) of a GaAs/GaA1As photocathode. After establishing the theoretical model of GaAs(100)-oriented atomic configuration and the formula for the ionized impurity scattering of the non-equilibrium carriers, this paper calculates the trajectories of photoelectrons in a photocathode. Thus the distribution of photoelectron spots on the emit-face is obtained, which is namely the point spread function. The MTF is obtained by Fourier transfer of the line spread function obtained from the point spread function. The MTF obtained from these calculations is shown to depend heavily on the electron diffusion length, and enhanced considerably by decreasing the electron diffusion length and increasing the doping concentration. Furthermore, the resolution is enhanced considerably by increasing the active-layer thickness, especially at high spatial frequencies. The best spatial resolution is 860 lp/mm, for the GaAs photocathode of doping concentration 1 ×10^19 cm 3 electron diffusion length 3.6 μm and the active-layer thickness 2 μm, under the 633-nm light irradiated. This research will contribute to the future improvement of the cathode's resolution for preparing a high performance GaAs photocathode, and improve the resolution of a low light level image intensifier.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12302007,12372006,and 12202109)the Specific Research Project of Guangxi for Research Bases and Talents(No.AD23026051)。
摘要Functionally graded materials(FGMs)are a novel class of composite materials that have attracted significant attention in the field of engineering due to their unique mechanical properties.This study aims to explore the dynamic behaviors of an FGM stepped beam with different boundary conditions based on an efficient solving method.Under the assumptions of the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory,the governing differential equations of an individual FGM beam are derived with Hamilton’s principle and decoupled via the separation-of-variable approach.Then,the free and forced vibrations of the FGM stepped beam are solved with the transfer matrix method(TMM).Two models,i.e.,a three-level FGM stepped beam and a five-level FGM stepped beam,are considered,and their natural frequencies and mode shapes are presented.To demonstrate the validity of the method in this paper,the simulation results by ABAQUS are also given.On this basis,the detailed parametric analyses on the frequencies and dynamic responses of the three-level FGM stepped beam are carried out.The results show the accuracy and efficiency of the TMM.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Nos.81871836(to MZ),82172554(to XH),and 81802249(to XH),81902301(to JW)the National Key R&D Program of China,Nos.2018YFC2001600(to JX)and 2018YFC2001604(to JX)+3 种基金Shanghai Rising Star Program,No.19QA1409000(to MZ)Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning,No.2018YQ02(to MZ)Shanghai Youth Top Talent Development PlanShanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program,No.RY411.19.01.10(to XH)。
摘要Distinct brain remodeling has been found after different nerve reconstruction strategies,including motor representation of the affected limb.However,differences among reconstruction strategies at the brain network level have not been elucidated.This study aimed to explore intranetwork changes related to altered peripheral neural pathways after different nerve reconstruction surgeries,including nerve repair,endto-end nerve transfer,and end-to-side nerve transfer.Sprague–Dawley rats underwent complete left brachial plexus transection and were divided into four equal groups of eight:no nerve repair,grafted nerve repair,phrenic nerve end-to-end transfer,and end-to-side transfer with a graft sutured to the anterior upper trunk.Resting-state brain functional magnetic resonance imaging was obtained 7 months after surgery.The independent component analysis algorithm was utilized to identify group-level network components of interest and extract resting-state functional connectivity values of each voxel within the component.Alterations in intra-network resting-state functional connectivity were compared among the groups.Target muscle reinnervation was assessed by behavioral observation(elbow flexion)and electromyography.The results showed that alterations in the sensorimotor and interoception networks were mostly related to changes in the peripheral neural pathway.Nerve repair was related to enhanced connectivity within the sensorimotor network,while end-to-side nerve transfer might be more beneficial for restoring control over the affected limb by the original motor representation.The thalamic-cortical pathway was enhanced within the interoception network after nerve repair and end-to-end nerve transfer.Brain areas related to cognition and emotion were enhanced after end-to-side nerve transfer.Our study revealed important brain networks related to different nerve reconstructions.These networks may be potential targets for enhancing motor recovery.
基金financially supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(No.2019QZKK1003)the Science and Technology Innovation Pro-gram of Hunan Province(No.2022RC1122)。
摘要Layered double hydroxide(LDH)based heterogonous peroxymonosulfate(PMS)activation degradation of pollutants has attracted extensive attention.The challenge is to selectively regulate the traditional free radical dominant degradation pathway into a nonradical degradation pathway.Herein,an interface ar-chitecture of Ti3 C2 Tx-MXene(MXene)loading on the Fe-Al LDH scaffold was developed,which showed excellent stability and robust resistance against harsh conditions.Significantly,the rate constant for tetra-cycline hydrochloride(TC)degradation in the MXene-LDH/PMS process was 0.421 min-1,which was ten times faster than the rate constant for pure Fe-Al LDH(0.042 min-1).Specifically,more reactive Fe with the closer d-band center to the Fermi level results in higher electron transfer efficiency.The occupa-tions of Fe-3d orbitals in Mxene/Fe-Al LDH are pushed above the Fermi level to generate,which results in higher PMS adsorption and inhibition of the release of oxygen-containing active species intermedi-ates,leading to the enhanced1O2 generation.Additionally,the built-in electric field in the heterojunc-tion was driven by the charge redistribution between MXene and Fe-Al LDH,resulting in a mediated-electron transfer mechanism,differentiating it from the Fe-Al LDH/PMS system.It was fascinating that MXene/Fe-Al LDH achieved satisfactory treatment efficiency in continuous column reactor and real landfill leachate.