Against the backdrop of the national New Liberal Arts initiative and the regional“Cultural Bay Area”vision in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),this study examines the development of English major ...Against the backdrop of the national New Liberal Arts initiative and the regional“Cultural Bay Area”vision in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),this study examines the development of English major programs in Guangdong’s application-oriented universities.It starts with an analysis of the current status and existing problems of integrating Lingnan Culture into English teaching,and further explores the corresponding integration pathways from three dimensions:curriculum systems,practical courses,and faculty development-to construct a Lingnan Culture-centered curriculum framework,which provides a practical paradigm for incorporating regional culture into foreign language program development.This study aims to explore how to organically integrate Lingnan Culture into college English teaching to cultivate interdisciplinary talents with linguistic competence,cultural literacy,and cross-cultural communication skills,ultimately providing talent support for promoting“going global”of Lingnan Culture.展开更多
Background:Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia,with a prevalence of approximately 11.2%in China that continues to rise.Periodontitis is a microorganism-initiated,mult...Background:Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia,with a prevalence of approximately 11.2%in China that continues to rise.Periodontitis is a microorganism-initiated,multifactorial infectious disease and is regarded as the sixth complication of diabetes.Nearly 90%of individuals with diabetes are affected by periodontitis.The relationship between these two conditions is bidirectional:periodontitis worsens glycemic control,increases insulin resistance,and contributes to the development of diabetic complications,including higher mortality from ischemic heart disease and diabetic nephropathy.Conversely,sustained hyperglycemia,longer disease duration,and inadequate self-management increase the risk of periodontitis.In addition,severe periodontitis and tooth loss impose a substantial social and economic burden.However,oral-health knowledge among diabetic patients remains limited.This study aimed to develop a Protection Motivation Theory(PMT)-based health education program for patients with diabetes and periodontitis.Objective:To develop a PMT-based health education program for patients with diabetes and periodontitis and provide a replicable intervention for clinical practice.Methods:Guided by PMT,this study used evidence synthesis and Delphi expert consultation.Literature retrieval,screening,quality appraisal,evidence extraction,and grading were conducted to develop a draft program,which was then refined through expert consultation on content,delivery,intervention cycle,and expected outcomes.Results:Of 448 records identified,22 studies were included,yielding 31 best-evidence items.Evidence confirmed the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis and the importance of health education in improving glycemic and periodontal outcomes.After two Delphi rounds,the final program included 7 primary and 48 secondary items.Expert participation was 100%in both rounds;the authority coefficient was 0.87;coefficients of variation ranged from 0.10 to 0.25;Kendall’s W values were 0.466 and 0.301(p<0.01),indicating good agreement.Conclusion:A structured PMT-based health education program with sound scientific basis and feasibility was developed for patients with diabetes and periodontitis.展开更多
Initial teacher preparation and teachers’ continuing professional development are two significant pillars of the teacher education enterprise. The former encompasses a wide range of teachereducation initiatives at th...Initial teacher preparation and teachers’ continuing professional development are two significant pillars of the teacher education enterprise. The former encompasses a wide range of teachereducation initiatives at the levels of diploma, bachelor’s degree, postgraduate diploma, and even master’s degree for teacher licensure purposes. These are widely documented in the literature.What is important is how teacher professional development contributes to bolstering the teachereducator force, which is relatively insufficiently documented due to the very fact that different educational systems have somewhat different expectations of such programs in relation to the ideologies and theories underpinning the teacher professional development program design and curriculum offering. Taking stock of a postgraduate diploma program in English language teaching(PGDELT) for teachers’ continuing professional development with a 31-year history housed at a premier teacher education institution in Singapore, which has successfully graduated over 1, 000 English language teachers for colleges and universities in China, I intend to highlight some of its key features, as a former student and then a lecturer on the program, in order to draw implications for sustainable growth of language teacher education programs, especially those whose main purposes are to prepare teachers of English as a second or foreign language(ESL/EFL) and provide continuing professional development opportunities for such inservice teachers.展开更多
Objective:Despite the known benefits of integrated primary care and behavioral health services,integrated behavioral health services have not been readily used in medical clinics in interior Alaska.With minimal resour...Objective:Despite the known benefits of integrated primary care and behavioral health services,integrated behavioral health services have not been readily used in medical clinics in interior Alaska.With minimal resources,we recently developed an integrated primary care-behavioral health program in a medical clinic in interior Alaska to meet clinic and community needs.The objective of this study was to explore initial program outcomes and determine the feasibility of program development and implementation.Methods:We initially conducted a needs assessment for integrating behavioral health services into primary care.Program development was informed by specific clinic needs.Following program implementation,initial program outcomes were tracked with use of data from the electronic health record and patient and provider use and satisfaction surveys.The level of integration of primary care and behavioral health services was evaluated with the Practice Integration Profile.Results:A total of 188 patients were seen by behavioral health consultants during the initial pilot phase,including 44.0%referred for mental health symptoms,33.1%referred for physical health issues,and 22.3%referred for both mental and physical health issues.The initial program outcomes indicate modest clinical improvement(measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire)as well as patient and provider satisfaction with the model,and a moderate level of practice integration.Conclusion:On the basis of the initial findings,it appears that our integrated primary care-behavioral health program has the potential to serve an important role in addressing the behavioral health needs of the local population.Our implementation procedure and initial program outcomes suggest that such models are feasible in rural and small-scale settings with minimal overhead costs.展开更多
There is consistent epidemiological evidence linking low birth weight,preterm birth and adverse fetal growth to an elevated risk of the metabolic syndrome(obesity,raised blood pressure,raised serum triglycerides,lower...There is consistent epidemiological evidence linking low birth weight,preterm birth and adverse fetal growth to an elevated risk of the metabolic syndrome(obesity,raised blood pressure,raised serum triglycerides,lowered serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance)and related disorders.This"fetal or developmental origins/programming of disease"concept is now well accepted but the"programming"mechanisms remain poorly understood.We reviewed the major evidence,implications and limitations of current hypotheses in interpreting developmental programming and discuss future research directions.Major current hypotheses to interpret developmental programming include:(1)thrifty phenotype;(2)postnatal accelerated or catchup growth;(3)glucocorticoid effects;(4)epigenetic changes;(5)oxidative stress;(6)prenatal hypoxia;(7)placental dysfunction;and(8)reduced stem cell number.Some hypothetical mechanisms(2,4 and 8)could be driven by other upstream"driver"mechanisms.There is a lack of animal studies addressing multiple mechanisms simultaneously and a lack of strong evidence linking clinical outcomes to biomarkers of the proposed programming mechanisms in humans.There are needs for(1)experimental studies addressing multiple hypothetical mechanisms simultaneously;and(2)prospective pregnancy cohort studies linking biomarkers of the proposed mechanisms to clinical outcomes or surrogate biomarker endpoints.A better understanding of the programming mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing early life interventions to arrest the increasing epidemic of the metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes and other related disorders.展开更多
Without the ‘rigid lid’ assumption, the depth averaged linear k-ε model can describe the change of water depth. However, it is incapable of accurately simulating turbulent flows, where the normal Reynolds stresses ...Without the ‘rigid lid’ assumption, the depth averaged linear k-ε model can describe the change of water depth. However, it is incapable of accurately simulating turbulent flows, where the normal Reynolds stresses play an important role. A depth averaged nonlinear k-ε model is developed taking into account the stress relations described by Speziale. The depth averaged linear and nonlinear k-ε models can both be used to calculate the flow field near a side discharge into open channel flow, but the results of the nonlinear model are in much closer agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the technique of changing the 2D linear k-ε program into a depth averaged, nonlinear program is presented. 展开更多
A paradigm of program development using type theories is given after analyzing some typical exam- ples.In order to carry this approach forward,a language ALT is designed.It is a linguistic description of a generalized...A paradigm of program development using type theories is given after analyzing some typical exam- ples.In order to carry this approach forward,a language ALT is designed.It is a linguistic description of a generalized higher order typed lambda calculus with Π,∑ types and Π,∑ kinds (supertypes). Four examples are given to show how ALT can be used to implement many concepts of software engi- neering and artificial intelligence.They are intuitionistic logic,Peano arithmetic,approximate reasoning and program transformations.ALT is described formally,using a structural operational approach.展开更多
Recently, FTTH (fiber to the home) is spreading rapidly, and communication technology has become an indispensable part in our lives. FTTH installers who build the infi'astructure must correspond to the progress of ...Recently, FTTH (fiber to the home) is spreading rapidly, and communication technology has become an indispensable part in our lives. FTTH installers who build the infi'astructure must correspond to the progress of technology while ensuring a high quality of installation, and it is struggling to its counterpart. The present study is undertaken in order to propose effective vocational ability development program for FTTH installers from the approach of their skill. They are information network cabling-related qualification system and competitions as the ability evaluation system. Then the author concludes that this program makes a contribution to improving their skill and maintaining the quality of the optical fiber network in analyzing some example of actual installation work and the measurement result of the OTDR(optical time domain reflect) meter.展开更多
Background:Project"Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs"(P.A.T.H.S)is a well tested comprehensive Chinese positive youth development program which was developed in Hong Kong.It has b...Background:Project"Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs"(P.A.T.H.S)is a well tested comprehensive Chinese positive youth development program which was developed in Hong Kong.It has been modified and adapted for use in Macao.This program aims to help adolescent school children develop positively in preparation for their future.Purpose:This study investigated the effectiveness of an adolescent development program(P.A.T.H.S)for Secondary 1 students from two pilot schools in Macao.Method:The study adopted an evaluation approach using an outcome evaluation questionnaire.After the program was completed,the participants were invited to respond to a subjective outcome evaluation questionnaire.Results:Findings from 242 Secondary 1 students showed that a high proportion of respondents had positive perceptions of the program and the program instructors,more than two-thirds regarded the program as beneficial.Four themes including the enhancement of personal,interpersonal,familial and societal level of competence emerged from the qualitative data of the perception of the most important thing learned from the program.Conclusion:Based on the overall subjective evaluation findings,this study provides support for the positive effects of Tier 1 of the P.A.T.H.S program.In view of the paucity of youth studies in Macao,the present study can contribute to evidence-based youth work and provide further ground data for the program to be evaluated in the Secondary 2 periods in the future.Additionally,it can be used as the basis for international comparison with Chinese adolescent youth development program.Regarding the relevance to clinical practice,the study demonstrates the active role nurses can play in the promotion of adolescent holistic health in the community.It encourages nurses to take more active part in community health project especially school nurses who could use relevant youth development program to promote adolescent health.展开更多
Curriculum in this study was defined as an academic plan involving five elements. After literature review, five assumptions were formed regarding the change of the curriculum of English major program caused by the lab...Curriculum in this study was defined as an academic plan involving five elements. After literature review, five assumptions were formed regarding the change of the curriculum of English major program caused by the labor market. A case study of the College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Science and Technology (SUST) was conducted to show how the curriculum of English major program was influenced by the labor market development.展开更多
The State Science and Technology Commission, State Economic and Trade Commission, and State Planning Commission of China have jointly worked out the Program for the Development of Chinese New and Renewable Energy rece...The State Science and Technology Commission, State Economic and Trade Commission, and State Planning Commission of China have jointly worked out the Program for the Development of Chinese New and Renewable Energy recently.展开更多
The National Program on the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020), herein- after referred to as the "NewProgram," was published in August 2011. This is an important document designed to ensure implementation of...The National Program on the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020), herein- after referred to as the "NewProgram," was published in August 2011. This is an important document designed to ensure implementation of the basic state strategy of gender equal- ity and the all-round development of Chinese women. The New Program is a part of China's policy program for the protection of human rights. It sets 57 major targets to be attained over the decade. The targets cover seven fields, namely, health, education, economy,展开更多
Modern biotechnology booms in the molecular life science. It brings about a promising future for improving human health, foodstuff, environment and energy and is of significance to improve traditional agriculture, dru...Modern biotechnology booms in the molecular life science. It brings about a promising future for improving human health, foodstuff, environment and energy and is of significance to improve traditional agriculture, druamakins and other展开更多
To compensate for the imperfection of traditional bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization, material interpolation scheme and sensitivity filter functions are introduced. A suitable filter can overcome the ...To compensate for the imperfection of traditional bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization, material interpolation scheme and sensitivity filter functions are introduced. A suitable filter can overcome the checkerboard and mesh-dependency. And the historical information on accurate elemental sensitivity numbers are used to keep the objective function converging steadily. Apart from rational intervals of the relevant important parameters, the concept of distinguishing between active and non-active elements design is proposed, which can be widely used for improving the function and artistry of structures directly, especially for a one whose accurate size is not given. Furthermore, user-friendly software packages are developed to enhance its accessibility for practicing engineers and architects. And to reduce the time cost for large timeconsuming complex structure optimization, parallel computing is built-in in the MATLAB codes. The program is easy to use for engineers who may not be familiar with either FEA or structure optimization. And developers can make a deep research on the algorithm by changing the MATLAB codes. Several classical examples are given to show that the improved BESO method is superior for its handy and utility computer program software.展开更多
The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly over the past few decades,and prevention efforts have not been successful.Fetal programming involves the earliest stage of obesity developme...The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly over the past few decades,and prevention efforts have not been successful.Fetal programming involves the earliest stage of obesity development,and provides a novel concept to complement other strategies for lifelong prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.The World Health Organization now advocates a life-course approach to prevent/control obesity,starting with pre-conceptional and antenatal maternal health.Maternal overnutrition,gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive gestational weight gain lead to fetal overgrowth,and“programs”the offspring with an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood and adulthood.This review summarizes current data on fetal programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus including potential causative factors,mechanisms and interventions to reduce its impact.展开更多
摘要Against the backdrop of the national New Liberal Arts initiative and the regional“Cultural Bay Area”vision in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),this study examines the development of English major programs in Guangdong’s application-oriented universities.It starts with an analysis of the current status and existing problems of integrating Lingnan Culture into English teaching,and further explores the corresponding integration pathways from three dimensions:curriculum systems,practical courses,and faculty development-to construct a Lingnan Culture-centered curriculum framework,which provides a practical paradigm for incorporating regional culture into foreign language program development.This study aims to explore how to organically integrate Lingnan Culture into college English teaching to cultivate interdisciplinary talents with linguistic competence,cultural literacy,and cross-cultural communication skills,ultimately providing talent support for promoting“going global”of Lingnan Culture.
摘要Background:Diabetes mellitus(DM)is a metabolic disorder characterized by persistent hyperglycemia,with a prevalence of approximately 11.2%in China that continues to rise.Periodontitis is a microorganism-initiated,multifactorial infectious disease and is regarded as the sixth complication of diabetes.Nearly 90%of individuals with diabetes are affected by periodontitis.The relationship between these two conditions is bidirectional:periodontitis worsens glycemic control,increases insulin resistance,and contributes to the development of diabetic complications,including higher mortality from ischemic heart disease and diabetic nephropathy.Conversely,sustained hyperglycemia,longer disease duration,and inadequate self-management increase the risk of periodontitis.In addition,severe periodontitis and tooth loss impose a substantial social and economic burden.However,oral-health knowledge among diabetic patients remains limited.This study aimed to develop a Protection Motivation Theory(PMT)-based health education program for patients with diabetes and periodontitis.Objective:To develop a PMT-based health education program for patients with diabetes and periodontitis and provide a replicable intervention for clinical practice.Methods:Guided by PMT,this study used evidence synthesis and Delphi expert consultation.Literature retrieval,screening,quality appraisal,evidence extraction,and grading were conducted to develop a draft program,which was then refined through expert consultation on content,delivery,intervention cycle,and expected outcomes.Results:Of 448 records identified,22 studies were included,yielding 31 best-evidence items.Evidence confirmed the bidirectional relationship between diabetes and periodontitis and the importance of health education in improving glycemic and periodontal outcomes.After two Delphi rounds,the final program included 7 primary and 48 secondary items.Expert participation was 100%in both rounds;the authority coefficient was 0.87;coefficients of variation ranged from 0.10 to 0.25;Kendall’s W values were 0.466 and 0.301(p<0.01),indicating good agreement.Conclusion:A structured PMT-based health education program with sound scientific basis and feasibility was developed for patients with diabetes and periodontitis.
摘要Initial teacher preparation and teachers’ continuing professional development are two significant pillars of the teacher education enterprise. The former encompasses a wide range of teachereducation initiatives at the levels of diploma, bachelor’s degree, postgraduate diploma, and even master’s degree for teacher licensure purposes. These are widely documented in the literature.What is important is how teacher professional development contributes to bolstering the teachereducator force, which is relatively insufficiently documented due to the very fact that different educational systems have somewhat different expectations of such programs in relation to the ideologies and theories underpinning the teacher professional development program design and curriculum offering. Taking stock of a postgraduate diploma program in English language teaching(PGDELT) for teachers’ continuing professional development with a 31-year history housed at a premier teacher education institution in Singapore, which has successfully graduated over 1, 000 English language teachers for colleges and universities in China, I intend to highlight some of its key features, as a former student and then a lecturer on the program, in order to draw implications for sustainable growth of language teacher education programs, especially those whose main purposes are to prepare teachers of English as a second or foreign language(ESL/EFL) and provide continuing professional development opportunities for such inservice teachers.
摘要Objective:Despite the known benefits of integrated primary care and behavioral health services,integrated behavioral health services have not been readily used in medical clinics in interior Alaska.With minimal resources,we recently developed an integrated primary care-behavioral health program in a medical clinic in interior Alaska to meet clinic and community needs.The objective of this study was to explore initial program outcomes and determine the feasibility of program development and implementation.Methods:We initially conducted a needs assessment for integrating behavioral health services into primary care.Program development was informed by specific clinic needs.Following program implementation,initial program outcomes were tracked with use of data from the electronic health record and patient and provider use and satisfaction surveys.The level of integration of primary care and behavioral health services was evaluated with the Practice Integration Profile.Results:A total of 188 patients were seen by behavioral health consultants during the initial pilot phase,including 44.0%referred for mental health symptoms,33.1%referred for physical health issues,and 22.3%referred for both mental and physical health issues.The initial program outcomes indicate modest clinical improvement(measured by the nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire)as well as patient and provider satisfaction with the model,and a moderate level of practice integration.Conclusion:On the basis of the initial findings,it appears that our integrated primary care-behavioral health program has the potential to serve an important role in addressing the behavioral health needs of the local population.Our implementation procedure and initial program outcomes suggest that such models are feasible in rural and small-scale settings with minimal overhead costs.
基金Supported by a Research Grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research(CIHR),Institute of Nutrition,Metabolism and Diabetes(CIHR Grant#79896-Luo ZC)partly by a Clinical Epidemiology Junior Scholar Award from the Fonds de la Recherche en Santédu Québec(FRSQ)(Luo ZC)partly by a FRSQ Senior Scholar Award(Nuyt AM)
摘要There is consistent epidemiological evidence linking low birth weight,preterm birth and adverse fetal growth to an elevated risk of the metabolic syndrome(obesity,raised blood pressure,raised serum triglycerides,lowered serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and impaired glucose tolerance or insulin resistance)and related disorders.This"fetal or developmental origins/programming of disease"concept is now well accepted but the"programming"mechanisms remain poorly understood.We reviewed the major evidence,implications and limitations of current hypotheses in interpreting developmental programming and discuss future research directions.Major current hypotheses to interpret developmental programming include:(1)thrifty phenotype;(2)postnatal accelerated or catchup growth;(3)glucocorticoid effects;(4)epigenetic changes;(5)oxidative stress;(6)prenatal hypoxia;(7)placental dysfunction;and(8)reduced stem cell number.Some hypothetical mechanisms(2,4 and 8)could be driven by other upstream"driver"mechanisms.There is a lack of animal studies addressing multiple mechanisms simultaneously and a lack of strong evidence linking clinical outcomes to biomarkers of the proposed programming mechanisms in humans.There are needs for(1)experimental studies addressing multiple hypothetical mechanisms simultaneously;and(2)prospective pregnancy cohort studies linking biomarkers of the proposed mechanisms to clinical outcomes or surrogate biomarker endpoints.A better understanding of the programming mechanisms is a prerequisite for developing early life interventions to arrest the increasing epidemic of the metabolic syndrome,type 2 diabetes and other related disorders.
摘要Without the ‘rigid lid’ assumption, the depth averaged linear k-ε model can describe the change of water depth. However, it is incapable of accurately simulating turbulent flows, where the normal Reynolds stresses play an important role. A depth averaged nonlinear k-ε model is developed taking into account the stress relations described by Speziale. The depth averaged linear and nonlinear k-ε models can both be used to calculate the flow field near a side discharge into open channel flow, but the results of the nonlinear model are in much closer agreement with experimental results. Furthermore, the technique of changing the 2D linear k-ε program into a depth averaged, nonlinear program is presented.
摘要A paradigm of program development using type theories is given after analyzing some typical exam- ples.In order to carry this approach forward,a language ALT is designed.It is a linguistic description of a generalized higher order typed lambda calculus with Π,∑ types and Π,∑ kinds (supertypes). Four examples are given to show how ALT can be used to implement many concepts of software engi- neering and artificial intelligence.They are intuitionistic logic,Peano arithmetic,approximate reasoning and program transformations.ALT is described formally,using a structural operational approach.
摘要Recently, FTTH (fiber to the home) is spreading rapidly, and communication technology has become an indispensable part in our lives. FTTH installers who build the infi'astructure must correspond to the progress of technology while ensuring a high quality of installation, and it is struggling to its counterpart. The present study is undertaken in order to propose effective vocational ability development program for FTTH installers from the approach of their skill. They are information network cabling-related qualification system and competitions as the ability evaluation system. Then the author concludes that this program makes a contribution to improving their skill and maintaining the quality of the optical fiber network in analyzing some example of actual installation work and the measurement result of the OTDR(optical time domain reflect) meter.
摘要Background:Project"Positive Adolescent Training through Holistic Social Programs"(P.A.T.H.S)is a well tested comprehensive Chinese positive youth development program which was developed in Hong Kong.It has been modified and adapted for use in Macao.This program aims to help adolescent school children develop positively in preparation for their future.Purpose:This study investigated the effectiveness of an adolescent development program(P.A.T.H.S)for Secondary 1 students from two pilot schools in Macao.Method:The study adopted an evaluation approach using an outcome evaluation questionnaire.After the program was completed,the participants were invited to respond to a subjective outcome evaluation questionnaire.Results:Findings from 242 Secondary 1 students showed that a high proportion of respondents had positive perceptions of the program and the program instructors,more than two-thirds regarded the program as beneficial.Four themes including the enhancement of personal,interpersonal,familial and societal level of competence emerged from the qualitative data of the perception of the most important thing learned from the program.Conclusion:Based on the overall subjective evaluation findings,this study provides support for the positive effects of Tier 1 of the P.A.T.H.S program.In view of the paucity of youth studies in Macao,the present study can contribute to evidence-based youth work and provide further ground data for the program to be evaluated in the Secondary 2 periods in the future.Additionally,it can be used as the basis for international comparison with Chinese adolescent youth development program.Regarding the relevance to clinical practice,the study demonstrates the active role nurses can play in the promotion of adolescent holistic health in the community.It encourages nurses to take more active part in community health project especially school nurses who could use relevant youth development program to promote adolescent health.
摘要Curriculum in this study was defined as an academic plan involving five elements. After literature review, five assumptions were formed regarding the change of the curriculum of English major program caused by the labor market. A case study of the College of Foreign Languages, Shandong University of Science and Technology (SUST) was conducted to show how the curriculum of English major program was influenced by the labor market development.
摘要The State Science and Technology Commission, State Economic and Trade Commission, and State Planning Commission of China have jointly worked out the Program for the Development of Chinese New and Renewable Energy recently.
摘要The National Program on the Development of Chinese Women (2011-2020), herein- after referred to as the "NewProgram," was published in August 2011. This is an important document designed to ensure implementation of the basic state strategy of gender equal- ity and the all-round development of Chinese women. The New Program is a part of China's policy program for the protection of human rights. It sets 57 major targets to be attained over the decade. The targets cover seven fields, namely, health, education, economy,
摘要Modern biotechnology booms in the molecular life science. It brings about a promising future for improving human health, foodstuff, environment and energy and is of significance to improve traditional agriculture, druamakins and other
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51078311)
摘要To compensate for the imperfection of traditional bi-directional evolutionary structural optimization, material interpolation scheme and sensitivity filter functions are introduced. A suitable filter can overcome the checkerboard and mesh-dependency. And the historical information on accurate elemental sensitivity numbers are used to keep the objective function converging steadily. Apart from rational intervals of the relevant important parameters, the concept of distinguishing between active and non-active elements design is proposed, which can be widely used for improving the function and artistry of structures directly, especially for a one whose accurate size is not given. Furthermore, user-friendly software packages are developed to enhance its accessibility for practicing engineers and architects. And to reduce the time cost for large timeconsuming complex structure optimization, parallel computing is built-in in the MATLAB codes. The program is easy to use for engineers who may not be familiar with either FEA or structure optimization. And developers can make a deep research on the algorithm by changing the MATLAB codes. Several classical examples are given to show that the improved BESO method is superior for its handy and utility computer program software.
摘要The prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus has increased rapidly over the past few decades,and prevention efforts have not been successful.Fetal programming involves the earliest stage of obesity development,and provides a novel concept to complement other strategies for lifelong prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.The World Health Organization now advocates a life-course approach to prevent/control obesity,starting with pre-conceptional and antenatal maternal health.Maternal overnutrition,gestational diabetes mellitus and excessive gestational weight gain lead to fetal overgrowth,and“programs”the offspring with an increased risk of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in childhood and adulthood.This review summarizes current data on fetal programming of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus including potential causative factors,mechanisms and interventions to reduce its impact.