A dual-band filtering push‒pull power amplifier(PA)with a large frequency ratio is presented in this paper.The proposed filtering power dividing/combining network is based on a hybrid-mode filtering balun using micros...A dual-band filtering push‒pull power amplifier(PA)with a large frequency ratio is presented in this paper.The proposed filtering power dividing/combining network is based on a hybrid-mode filtering balun using microstrip line(MSL)and substrate integrated waveguide(SIW).The MSL filtering balun operates in the S-band,with a frequency range of 2.6‒2.86 GHz.Meanwhile,the SIW filtering balun is designed for Ku-band operation,covering a frequency range of 13‒13.65 GHz.Under these conditions,the prototype is capable of attaining a frequency ratio as high as five times the original value.Due to the inherent differential characteristic of the hybrid-mode filtering balun with a large frequency ratio,the proposed push‒pull PA not only realizes filtering functionality but also achieves second-harmonic suppression.To validate the designed concept,the proposed prototype has been designed,fabricated,and measured.Measurement results demonstrate that the proposed PA achieves a 7 dB small-signal gain while maintaining out-of-band spurious rejection during active testing.The developed dual-band filtering push‒pull PA delivers excellent performance,with a peak output power of 36.8 dBm at low frequencies and 36 dBm at high frequencies.Moreover,by employing dual-band filtering baluns,the PA inherently suppresses even-order harmonics while simultaneously providing filtering characteristics in both operational bands,which effectively suppresses near-band spurious signals.展开更多
This study focuses on the talent supply-demand contradiction in grassroots employment under the Rural Revitalization Strategy.It systematically analyzes the internal and external driving mechanisms behind rural colleg...This study focuses on the talent supply-demand contradiction in grassroots employment under the Rural Revitalization Strategy.It systematically analyzes the internal and external driving mechanisms behind rural college students decisions to pursue careers at the grassroots level,exploring the"push-pull"factors and the guiding role of university counselors.Employing a mixed-methods approach combining literature review and in-depth interviews,the analysis reveals that urban employment competition pressure,high cost of living coupled with economic burdens,and household registration and social resource barriers constitute the primary"push"factors.Conversely,national policy support,emotional attachment to one s hometown and the need for value realization,as well as grassroots development opportunities and growth potential,serve as the main"pull"factors.University counselors play a significant guiding role in the employment decision-making process of rural college students.Through ideological guidance,information dissemination,capacity building,and psychological support,they enhance students job-seeking capabilities and adaptability to grassroots work,thereby strengthening their identification with such career paths.This paper provides practical insights for counselors facilitating the return of rural college students to grassroots employment.展开更多
As the popularity of open source projects,the volume of incoming pull requests is too large,which puts heavy burden on integrators who are responsible for accepting or rejecting pull requests.An accepted pull request ...As the popularity of open source projects,the volume of incoming pull requests is too large,which puts heavy burden on integrators who are responsible for accepting or rejecting pull requests.An accepted pull request prediction approach can help integrators by allowing them either to enforce an immediate rejection of code changes or allocate more resources to overcome the deficiency.In this paper,an approach CTCPPre is proposed to predict the accepted pull requests in GitHub.CTCPPre mainly considers code features of modified changes,text features of pull requests’description,contributor features of developers’previous behaviors,and project features of development environment.The effectiveness of CTCPPre on 28 projects containing 221096 pull requests is evaluated.Experimental results show that CTCPPre has good performances by achieving accuracy of 0.82,AUC of 0.76 and F1-score of 0.88 on average.It is compared with the state of art accepted pull request prediction approach RFPredict.On average across 28 projects,CTCPPre outperforms RFPredict by 6.64%,16.06%and 4.79%in terms of accuracy,AUC and F1-score,respectively.展开更多
A 34⁃year⁃old Australian woman broke the Guinness World Record for the most pull⁃ups performed by a woman in 24 hours by doing 7,079 pull⁃ups.To say Olivia Vinson put the old record for most pull⁃ups by a woman in 24 ...A 34⁃year⁃old Australian woman broke the Guinness World Record for the most pull⁃ups performed by a woman in 24 hours by doing 7,079 pull⁃ups.To say Olivia Vinson put the old record for most pull⁃ups by a woman in 24 hours to shame would be an understatement,considering that the Australian fitness enthusiast nearly doubled it.The achieve⁃ment began as a wild proposition from her husband and coach,and even though initially she just laughed at the idea of challenging a world record,it eventually started to make sense.Olivia trained for three months before taking on the challenge in September of last year,but 12 hours into her attempt,she pulled a bicep tendon(肱二头肌腱),which made her unable to perform pull⁃ups anymore.She had to cancel the whole thing,but after healing for a few months,she was back to breaking the Guinness World Record.展开更多
A deceptive pull-off jamming method to terminal guidance radar is put forward in this paper.The design rules about the important jamming parameters are discussed in detail,including the number of the decoy targets in ...A deceptive pull-off jamming method to terminal guidance radar is put forward in this paper.The design rules about the important jamming parameters are discussed in detail,including the number of the decoy targets in range dimension,the velocity of the range gate pull-off,and the number of the decoy targets in velocity dimension and the velocity of the Doppler frequency pull-off.Also,the steps to design these parameters are brought out.The rules and design procedure discussed in this paper have important meaning for the choice of the reasonable jamming parameters in the practical applications,which can help to obtain good jamming effect.展开更多
A device for supporting soft rock masses combined with a constant resistance structure characterized by constant resistance and large deformation at the end of a steel bar, known as the constant resistance and large d...A device for supporting soft rock masses combined with a constant resistance structure characterized by constant resistance and large deformation at the end of a steel bar, known as the constant resistance and large deformation(CRLD) bolt, has recently been developed to counteract soft rock swelling that often occurs during deep mining. In order to further study the mechanical properties of the CRLD bolt, we investigated its mechanical properties by comparison with the conventional strength bolt(rebar) using static pull tests on many aspects, including supporting capacity, elongation, radial deformation, and energy absorption. The tests verified that the mechanical defects of the rebar, which include the decrease of bolt diameter, reduction of supporting capacity, and emergence and evolution of fracture until failure during the whole pull process, were caused by the Poisson's ratio effect. Due to the special structure set on the CRLD bolt, the bolt presents a seemingly unusual phenomenon of the negative Poisson's ratio effect, i.e., the diameter of the constant resistance structure increases while under-pulling. It is the very effect that ensures the extraordinary mechanical properties, including high resistance, large elongation, and strong energy absorption. According to the comparison and analysis of numerical simulation and field test, we can conclude that the CRLD bolt works better than the rebar bolt.展开更多
Radial drilling technology, of which the jet bit is the key device, is a research focus in the field of oil drilling and production. This paper establishes mechanical equations for jet bits and analyzes the hydroseal ...Radial drilling technology, of which the jet bit is the key device, is a research focus in the field of oil drilling and production. This paper establishes mechanical equations for jet bits and analyzes the hydroseal of backward jets in bottom holes. Meanwhile this paper establishes a mechanical equation for a high pressure hose and analyzes the axial force distribution. Laboratory experiments indicate that the flow rate, the angle between the backward nozzle axis and the jet bit axis, and the hole diameter are the major influencing factors; the generation of the pulling force is mainly due to the inlet pressure of the jet bit; the backward jets can significantly increase not only the pulling force but also the stability of jet bits. The pulling force would reach 8,376 N under experimental conditions, which can steadily pull the high-pressure hose forward.展开更多
BACKGROUND A one-stage laparoscopic operation has recently been considered a favorable option for the management of patients with Hirschsprung's disease(HD)due to its superior cosmetic results.One-stage transanal ...BACKGROUND A one-stage laparoscopic operation has recently been considered a favorable option for the management of patients with Hirschsprung's disease(HD)due to its superior cosmetic results.One-stage transanal endorectal pull-through for the treatment of rectosigmoid HD has been widely used in newborns without complications.However,enterostomy is required in some HD cases for enterocolitis and dilated colon.Our transumbilical enterostomy(TUE)and twostage laparoscopy-assisted anorectoplasty were effective and achieved a similar cosmetic effect to one-stage laparoscopy on the abdominal wall in patients with anorectal malformation,but the effect in patients with HD is unclear.AIM To evaluate the safety,efficacy and cosmetic results of TUE in two-stage laparoscopy-assisted pull-through for HD.METHODS From June 2013 to June 2018,53 patients(40 boys,13 girls;mean age at enterostomy:5.5±2.2 mo)who underwent enterostomy and two-stage laparoscopy-assisted pull-through for HD with stoma closure were reviewed at our institution.Two enterostomy approaches were used:TUE in 24 patients,and conventional abdominal enterostomy(CAE)in 29 patients.Eleven patients with rectosigmoid HD had severe preoperative enterocolitis or a dilated colon.26 patients had long-segment HD,and 16 patients had total colonic aganglionosis(TCA).The patients with left-sided HD underwent the two-stage laparoscopic Soave procedure,and the patients with right-sided HD and TCA underwent the laparoscopic Duhamel procedure.Demographics,enterostomy operative time,complications and cosmetic results were respectively evaluated.RESULTS There were no differences between the groups with respect to gender,age at enterostomy,weight and clinical type(P>0.05).No conversion to open technique was required.Two patients experienced episodes of stomal mucosal prolapse in the TUE group and 1 patient in the CAE group(8.33%vs 3.45%,P>0.05).No parastomal hernia was observed in either of the two groups.Wound infection at the stoma was seen in 1 case in the TUE group,and 2 cases in the CAE group(4.17%vs 6.90%,P>0.05).No obstruction was noted in any of the patients in the TUE group,whereas obstruction was found in 1 patient in the CAE group.Enterocolitis was observed in 3 and 5 patients in the TUE and CAE group,respectively(12.50%vs 17.24%,P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the TUE group and CAE group in terms of the incidence of soiling and constipation(P>0.05).The cosmetic result using the scar score in the TUE group was better than that in the CAE group(6.83±0.96 vs 13.32±1.57,P<0.05).CONCLUSION TUE is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of HD,and the staged enterostomy and two-stage laparoscopy-assisted pull-through achieved a similar cosmetic effect to the one-stage laparoscopic procedure.展开更多
The friction pull plug welding(FPPW)of the 2219-T87 tungsten inert gas(TIG)welded joint was investigated,and the microstructures,precipitate evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture morphologies of this joint were...The friction pull plug welding(FPPW)of the 2219-T87 tungsten inert gas(TIG)welded joint was investigated,and the microstructures,precipitate evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture morphologies of this joint were analyzed and discussed.In this study,defectfree joints were obtained using a rotational speed of 7000 r/min,an axial feeding displacement of 12 mm,and an axial force of 20-22 kN.The results indicated that within these welding parameters,metallurgical bonding between the plug and plate is achieved by the formation of recrystallized grains.The microstructural features of the FPPW joint can be divided into different regions,including the heat-affected zone(HAZ),thermomechanically affected zone(TMAZ),recrystallization zone(RZ),heat-affected zone in the TIG weld(TIG-HAZ),and the thermomechanically affected zone in the TIG weld(TIG-TMAZ).In the TIG-TMAZ,the grains were highly deformed and elongated due to the shear and the extrusion that produces the plug during the FPPW process.The main reason for the softening in the TMAZ is determined to be the dissolution ofθ’and coarsening ofθprecipitate particles.In a tensile test,the FPPW joint welded with an axial force of 22 kN showed the highest ultimate tensile strength of 237 MPa.The locations of cracks and factures in the TIG-TMAZ were identified.The fracture morphology of the tensile sample showed good plasticity and toughness of the joints.展开更多
Thirteen volatile compounds were identified from Flemingia macrophylla plants. Eight major components significantly attracted the tea green leafhoppers, Empoasca flavescens F. Based on their relative abundances, follo...Thirteen volatile compounds were identified from Flemingia macrophylla plants. Eight major components significantly attracted the tea green leafhoppers, Empoasca flavescens F. Based on their relative abundances, following synthetic blends were made for field experiments: 1) eight-component-attractant blend included Z-3-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-ocimene, Me SA, Z-3-hexenyl butyrate, dodecane, hexadecane and nonanal at 10, 10, 1, 11, 2, 6, 2 and 4 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively;2) four-component-attractant blend #1 contained hexadecane, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and nonanal at 2, 10, 10 and 4 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively;3) four-component-attractant blend #2 contained hexadecane, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and Me SA at 2, 10, 10 and 11 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively. Thymol and 1-methoxy-4-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, identified from Lavandula angustifolia aeration samples, significantly repelled the leafhopper as strong repellents when tested alone or in combination at 10 mg mL^-1. For field bioassays, each attractant lure was attached to a bud green sticky board hung from a bamboo stick at above tea plant level for catching the leafhoppers, whereas the repellent dispenser was tied to a tea branch inside tea clump for pushing the leafhoppers away from tea clumps. The results showed that the eight-component-attractant blend caught similar numbers of the leafhopper as did the four-component-attractant blend #1 at about 53–79 leafhoppersrap/day, which were significantly higher than those on the hexane-control bud green sticky boards. Average leafhopper catches from un-baited sticky boards were about 51–73 leafhoppersrap/day when pushed by the repellents placed inside tea plants, with the two-component-repellent blend being more effective than their single components. When the two-component-repellent blend was further tested with the three attractant blends in a push-pull fashion, average trap catches ranged from 62 to 92 leafhoppersrap/day. Control efficacy on the leafhoppers within the push-pull zones increased progressively from day 1(43%) to day 5(73%). This push-pull approach might have a great potential as a green control strategy for combating the tea green leafhoppers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62201262)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.30924010912).
摘要A dual-band filtering push‒pull power amplifier(PA)with a large frequency ratio is presented in this paper.The proposed filtering power dividing/combining network is based on a hybrid-mode filtering balun using microstrip line(MSL)and substrate integrated waveguide(SIW).The MSL filtering balun operates in the S-band,with a frequency range of 2.6‒2.86 GHz.Meanwhile,the SIW filtering balun is designed for Ku-band operation,covering a frequency range of 13‒13.65 GHz.Under these conditions,the prototype is capable of attaining a frequency ratio as high as five times the original value.Due to the inherent differential characteristic of the hybrid-mode filtering balun with a large frequency ratio,the proposed push‒pull PA not only realizes filtering functionality but also achieves second-harmonic suppression.To validate the designed concept,the proposed prototype has been designed,fabricated,and measured.Measurement results demonstrate that the proposed PA achieves a 7 dB small-signal gain while maintaining out-of-band spurious rejection during active testing.The developed dual-band filtering push‒pull PA delivers excellent performance,with a peak output power of 36.8 dBm at low frequencies and 36 dBm at high frequencies.Moreover,by employing dual-band filtering baluns,the PA inherently suppresses even-order harmonics while simultaneously providing filtering characteristics in both operational bands,which effectively suppresses near-band spurious signals.
基金Supported by Jiangxi University Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project(GL23110).
摘要This study focuses on the talent supply-demand contradiction in grassroots employment under the Rural Revitalization Strategy.It systematically analyzes the internal and external driving mechanisms behind rural college students decisions to pursue careers at the grassroots level,exploring the"push-pull"factors and the guiding role of university counselors.Employing a mixed-methods approach combining literature review and in-depth interviews,the analysis reveals that urban employment competition pressure,high cost of living coupled with economic burdens,and household registration and social resource barriers constitute the primary"push"factors.Conversely,national policy support,emotional attachment to one s hometown and the need for value realization,as well as grassroots development opportunities and growth potential,serve as the main"pull"factors.University counselors play a significant guiding role in the employment decision-making process of rural college students.Through ideological guidance,information dissemination,capacity building,and psychological support,they enhance students job-seeking capabilities and adaptability to grassroots work,thereby strengthening their identification with such career paths.This paper provides practical insights for counselors facilitating the return of rural college students to grassroots employment.
基金Project(2018YFB1004202)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(61732019)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(SKLSDE-2018ZX-06)supported by the State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment,China
摘要As the popularity of open source projects,the volume of incoming pull requests is too large,which puts heavy burden on integrators who are responsible for accepting or rejecting pull requests.An accepted pull request prediction approach can help integrators by allowing them either to enforce an immediate rejection of code changes or allocate more resources to overcome the deficiency.In this paper,an approach CTCPPre is proposed to predict the accepted pull requests in GitHub.CTCPPre mainly considers code features of modified changes,text features of pull requests’description,contributor features of developers’previous behaviors,and project features of development environment.The effectiveness of CTCPPre on 28 projects containing 221096 pull requests is evaluated.Experimental results show that CTCPPre has good performances by achieving accuracy of 0.82,AUC of 0.76 and F1-score of 0.88 on average.It is compared with the state of art accepted pull request prediction approach RFPredict.On average across 28 projects,CTCPPre outperforms RFPredict by 6.64%,16.06%and 4.79%in terms of accuracy,AUC and F1-score,respectively.
摘要A 34⁃year⁃old Australian woman broke the Guinness World Record for the most pull⁃ups performed by a woman in 24 hours by doing 7,079 pull⁃ups.To say Olivia Vinson put the old record for most pull⁃ups by a woman in 24 hours to shame would be an understatement,considering that the Australian fitness enthusiast nearly doubled it.The achieve⁃ment began as a wild proposition from her husband and coach,and even though initially she just laughed at the idea of challenging a world record,it eventually started to make sense.Olivia trained for three months before taking on the challenge in September of last year,but 12 hours into her attempt,she pulled a bicep tendon(肱二头肌腱),which made her unable to perform pull⁃ups anymore.She had to cancel the whole thing,but after healing for a few months,she was back to breaking the Guinness World Record.
基金Sponsored by National Basic Research Program of China (6139001012)
摘要A deceptive pull-off jamming method to terminal guidance radar is put forward in this paper.The design rules about the important jamming parameters are discussed in detail,including the number of the decoy targets in range dimension,the velocity of the range gate pull-off,and the number of the decoy targets in velocity dimension and the velocity of the Doppler frequency pull-off.Also,the steps to design these parameters are brought out.The rules and design procedure discussed in this paper have important meaning for the choice of the reasonable jamming parameters in the practical applications,which can help to obtain good jamming effect.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program(2016YFC0600901)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51374214,51134005 and 51574248)+1 种基金the Special Fund of Basic Research and Operating of China University of Mining&Technology,Beijing(Grant Nos.2009QL03)the State Scholarship Fund of China
摘要A device for supporting soft rock masses combined with a constant resistance structure characterized by constant resistance and large deformation at the end of a steel bar, known as the constant resistance and large deformation(CRLD) bolt, has recently been developed to counteract soft rock swelling that often occurs during deep mining. In order to further study the mechanical properties of the CRLD bolt, we investigated its mechanical properties by comparison with the conventional strength bolt(rebar) using static pull tests on many aspects, including supporting capacity, elongation, radial deformation, and energy absorption. The tests verified that the mechanical defects of the rebar, which include the decrease of bolt diameter, reduction of supporting capacity, and emergence and evolution of fracture until failure during the whole pull process, were caused by the Poisson's ratio effect. Due to the special structure set on the CRLD bolt, the bolt presents a seemingly unusual phenomenon of the negative Poisson's ratio effect, i.e., the diameter of the constant resistance structure increases while under-pulling. It is the very effect that ensures the extraordinary mechanical properties, including high resistance, large elongation, and strong energy absorption. According to the comparison and analysis of numerical simulation and field test, we can conclude that the CRLD bolt works better than the rebar bolt.
基金supported by High-tech Research and Development Program of China (No. 2007AA09Z315)Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 20070425006)
摘要Radial drilling technology, of which the jet bit is the key device, is a research focus in the field of oil drilling and production. This paper establishes mechanical equations for jet bits and analyzes the hydroseal of backward jets in bottom holes. Meanwhile this paper establishes a mechanical equation for a high pressure hose and analyzes the axial force distribution. Laboratory experiments indicate that the flow rate, the angle between the backward nozzle axis and the jet bit axis, and the hole diameter are the major influencing factors; the generation of the pulling force is mainly due to the inlet pressure of the jet bit; the backward jets can significantly increase not only the pulling force but also the stability of jet bits. The pulling force would reach 8,376 N under experimental conditions, which can steadily pull the high-pressure hose forward.
基金Supported by the Public Welfare Research and Special Fund of the National Health and Family Planning of China,No.201402007
摘要BACKGROUND A one-stage laparoscopic operation has recently been considered a favorable option for the management of patients with Hirschsprung's disease(HD)due to its superior cosmetic results.One-stage transanal endorectal pull-through for the treatment of rectosigmoid HD has been widely used in newborns without complications.However,enterostomy is required in some HD cases for enterocolitis and dilated colon.Our transumbilical enterostomy(TUE)and twostage laparoscopy-assisted anorectoplasty were effective and achieved a similar cosmetic effect to one-stage laparoscopy on the abdominal wall in patients with anorectal malformation,but the effect in patients with HD is unclear.AIM To evaluate the safety,efficacy and cosmetic results of TUE in two-stage laparoscopy-assisted pull-through for HD.METHODS From June 2013 to June 2018,53 patients(40 boys,13 girls;mean age at enterostomy:5.5±2.2 mo)who underwent enterostomy and two-stage laparoscopy-assisted pull-through for HD with stoma closure were reviewed at our institution.Two enterostomy approaches were used:TUE in 24 patients,and conventional abdominal enterostomy(CAE)in 29 patients.Eleven patients with rectosigmoid HD had severe preoperative enterocolitis or a dilated colon.26 patients had long-segment HD,and 16 patients had total colonic aganglionosis(TCA).The patients with left-sided HD underwent the two-stage laparoscopic Soave procedure,and the patients with right-sided HD and TCA underwent the laparoscopic Duhamel procedure.Demographics,enterostomy operative time,complications and cosmetic results were respectively evaluated.RESULTS There were no differences between the groups with respect to gender,age at enterostomy,weight and clinical type(P>0.05).No conversion to open technique was required.Two patients experienced episodes of stomal mucosal prolapse in the TUE group and 1 patient in the CAE group(8.33%vs 3.45%,P>0.05).No parastomal hernia was observed in either of the two groups.Wound infection at the stoma was seen in 1 case in the TUE group,and 2 cases in the CAE group(4.17%vs 6.90%,P>0.05).No obstruction was noted in any of the patients in the TUE group,whereas obstruction was found in 1 patient in the CAE group.Enterocolitis was observed in 3 and 5 patients in the TUE and CAE group,respectively(12.50%vs 17.24%,P>0.05).There was no significant difference between the TUE group and CAE group in terms of the incidence of soiling and constipation(P>0.05).The cosmetic result using the scar score in the TUE group was better than that in the CAE group(6.83±0.96 vs 13.32±1.57,P<0.05).CONCLUSION TUE is a safe and feasible method for the treatment of HD,and the staged enterostomy and two-stage laparoscopy-assisted pull-through achieved a similar cosmetic effect to the one-stage laparoscopic procedure.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51875401 and 52075376).
摘要The friction pull plug welding(FPPW)of the 2219-T87 tungsten inert gas(TIG)welded joint was investigated,and the microstructures,precipitate evolution,mechanical properties,and fracture morphologies of this joint were analyzed and discussed.In this study,defectfree joints were obtained using a rotational speed of 7000 r/min,an axial feeding displacement of 12 mm,and an axial force of 20-22 kN.The results indicated that within these welding parameters,metallurgical bonding between the plug and plate is achieved by the formation of recrystallized grains.The microstructural features of the FPPW joint can be divided into different regions,including the heat-affected zone(HAZ),thermomechanically affected zone(TMAZ),recrystallization zone(RZ),heat-affected zone in the TIG weld(TIG-HAZ),and the thermomechanically affected zone in the TIG weld(TIG-TMAZ).In the TIG-TMAZ,the grains were highly deformed and elongated due to the shear and the extrusion that produces the plug during the FPPW process.The main reason for the softening in the TMAZ is determined to be the dissolution ofθ’and coarsening ofθprecipitate particles.In a tensile test,the FPPW joint welded with an axial force of 22 kN showed the highest ultimate tensile strength of 237 MPa.The locations of cracks and factures in the TIG-TMAZ were identified.The fracture morphology of the tensile sample showed good plasticity and toughness of the joints.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC1604402)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province, China (LY17C140002)+1 种基金the Fundamental and Public Welfare of Zhejiang Province, China (LGN18C160006)the College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship of Zhejiang Province, China (2017R409055)
摘要Thirteen volatile compounds were identified from Flemingia macrophylla plants. Eight major components significantly attracted the tea green leafhoppers, Empoasca flavescens F. Based on their relative abundances, following synthetic blends were made for field experiments: 1) eight-component-attractant blend included Z-3-hexen-1-ol, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-ocimene, Me SA, Z-3-hexenyl butyrate, dodecane, hexadecane and nonanal at 10, 10, 1, 11, 2, 6, 2 and 4 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively;2) four-component-attractant blend #1 contained hexadecane, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and nonanal at 2, 10, 10 and 4 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively;3) four-component-attractant blend #2 contained hexadecane, Z-3-hexenyl acetate, Z-3-hexen-1-ol and Me SA at 2, 10, 10 and 11 mg mL^-1 in n-hexane, respectively. Thymol and 1-methoxy-4-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-benzene, identified from Lavandula angustifolia aeration samples, significantly repelled the leafhopper as strong repellents when tested alone or in combination at 10 mg mL^-1. For field bioassays, each attractant lure was attached to a bud green sticky board hung from a bamboo stick at above tea plant level for catching the leafhoppers, whereas the repellent dispenser was tied to a tea branch inside tea clump for pushing the leafhoppers away from tea clumps. The results showed that the eight-component-attractant blend caught similar numbers of the leafhopper as did the four-component-attractant blend #1 at about 53–79 leafhoppersrap/day, which were significantly higher than those on the hexane-control bud green sticky boards. Average leafhopper catches from un-baited sticky boards were about 51–73 leafhoppersrap/day when pushed by the repellents placed inside tea plants, with the two-component-repellent blend being more effective than their single components. When the two-component-repellent blend was further tested with the three attractant blends in a push-pull fashion, average trap catches ranged from 62 to 92 leafhoppersrap/day. Control efficacy on the leafhoppers within the push-pull zones increased progressively from day 1(43%) to day 5(73%). This push-pull approach might have a great potential as a green control strategy for combating the tea green leafhoppers.
摘要【目的】含有VQ基序(VQ)的蛋白质是植物特异性蛋白质,具有保守的“FxxhVQxhTG”氨基酸序列,调节植物生长和发育。番茄SlMPK1在高温胁迫过程中发挥重要作用,酵母双杂交(Y2H)显示SlVQ6蛋白能够与SlMPK1相互作用,通过GST pull-down技术进一步验证SlMPK1与SlVQ6的互作以及SlVQ6的互作网络,为研究SlVQ6介导的高温应答信号通路奠定基础。【方法】通过pGEX-4T-1-PC-VQ6质粒构建,以含有目的基因SIVQ6的菌液为模板,设计特异性引物,扩增目的基因序列,将获得的目的基因VQ6克隆到载体pGEX-4T-1的BamHⅠ和NotⅠ的酶切位点之间,将获得的重组质粒pGEX-4T-1-PC-VQ6转入TOP10克隆菌株经IPTG(异丙基硫代半乳糖苷)诱导表达,通过GST柱亲和纯化获得目标蛋白PC-VQ6,进而获得预期GST-SlVQ6融合蛋白,通过体外磷酸化进一步确定SlVQ6是否是SlMPK1的下游底物;以GST-SlVQ6为诱饵蛋白固定于GST Sepharose Beads上,与番茄叶片总蛋白孵育后洗脱,收集洗脱液进行SDS-PAGE凝胶电泳验证,通过LC-MS/MS检测SlVQ6可能互作的候选蛋白,并对筛选的SIVQ6互作蛋白通过GO、KEGG和蛋白互作网络进行生物信息学分析。【结果】成功构建pGEX-4T-1-PC-SlVQ6基因重组表达质粒,并获得带有GST标签的GST-SlVQ6融合蛋白,其分子量大小约为54 kD;将GST-SlVQ6和His-SlMPK1进行体外磷酸化试验,SlMPK1能够磷酸化SlVQ6,而作为阴性对照的GST与SlMPK1无相互作用,且SlVQ6不存在自磷酸化的现象,表明GST-SlVQ6和His-SlMPK1具有相互作用,且SlVQ6是SlMPK1的下游底物;以GST-SlVQ6融合蛋白为诱饵蛋白(空GST为阴性对照),利用pull-down试验筛选番茄叶片组织蛋白中与SlVQ6蛋白结合的蛋白,经SDS-PAGE分离、液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)鉴定以及Mascot与蛋白数据库检索,共鉴定出37个与SlVQ6结合的蛋白,包括蛋白激酶Receptor for Activated C Kinase 1B(RACK1B),通过GO、KEGG和蛋白互作网络的生物信息学分析,表明这些蛋白参与多种信号通路,其中8个核糖体蛋白可能与高温胁迫密切相关。【结论】SlVQ6是SlMPK1的底物蛋白,且37个蛋白可能与SlVQ6互作,这些蛋白与胁迫反应有着密切的联系,可能会在提高番茄植株高温耐受性等方面发挥重要作用。