The reaction of earth to pull-out process of frictional rock bolts was here modeled by the distinct element method (DEM). Ten frictional bolts were prepared;the expanding shells of five bolts included convex edges and...The reaction of earth to pull-out process of frictional rock bolts was here modeled by the distinct element method (DEM). Ten frictional bolts were prepared;the expanding shells of five bolts included convex edges and the others had the shells with concave bits. The strength of bolts was measured by applying a standard pull-out test;the results confirmed that the strength of shells with convex edges was remarkably more than the strength of other shells. Furthermore, a two-dimensional DEM model of the test was developed by a particle flow code;the obtained results showed that the reaction of rock particles to the contacts occurring between the convex edges and earth was considerably more than those of the concave bits. In the other words, the convex edges transferred the pull-out force into a large area of the surrounded rock, causing these bolts to have the highest resistance against earth movements.展开更多
为了厘清空气静压主轴多物理场耦合机理,建立了电磁场、流体场及固体场互相耦合作用下的空气静压主轴模型。首先,提出一种永磁同步电机不平衡磁拉力(Unbalance magnetic pull,UMP)的计算方法,通过构建磁隙磁通密度解析模型,得到不同电...为了厘清空气静压主轴多物理场耦合机理,建立了电磁场、流体场及固体场互相耦合作用下的空气静压主轴模型。首先,提出一种永磁同步电机不平衡磁拉力(Unbalance magnetic pull,UMP)的计算方法,通过构建磁隙磁通密度解析模型,得到不同电机极对数下的UMP计算结果。随后,通过求解雷诺方程,得到前/后空气径向轴承的刚度、阻尼系数;通过切片法,得到电机对应处的不平衡磁力/力矩,分别将其耦合到对应转子Timoshenko梁单元上,建立磁-流-固多场耦合的空气静压主轴模型,并通过与有限元仿真软件的对比验证模型的正确性。在不平衡质量力作用下,采用Newmark-β方法求解主轴动力学运动方程,对主轴的振动特性进行分析。结果表明:定转速(5×104r/min)时,不平衡磁力/力矩随时间正弦波动,波动周期为主轴转动周期;磁隙厚度在时域上随周向角度和时间的变化而波动,在频域上不受周向角度影响;在有UMP情况下的主轴振动响应较大;变转速(1×104~1×105r/min)时,电机转子处振动响应在9.5×104r/min处与主轴达到1阶(1506 Hz)和2阶(1642 Hz)固有频率的叠加谐共振,幅值最大;磁隙厚度在9×104r/min处与主轴达到1阶共振;不平衡磁力/力矩与电机转子处振动响应规律一致。展开更多
针对无螺纹自锚式锚杆的承载特性,基于B样条物质点法(B-spline Material Point Method,BSMPM),引入了库伦摩擦模型、指数模型和双曲线模型,发展了土体-锚杆耦合界面接触模型,开展了锚杆的竖向和水平拉拔模拟,并与已有试验结果或理论解...针对无螺纹自锚式锚杆的承载特性,基于B样条物质点法(B-spline Material Point Method,BSMPM),引入了库伦摩擦模型、指数模型和双曲线模型,发展了土体-锚杆耦合界面接触模型,开展了锚杆的竖向和水平拉拔模拟,并与已有试验结果或理论解进行对比.结果表明:(1)B样条物质点法能够准确计算土体-锚杆耦合问题,引入三种接触模型下的耦合模型所得锚杆竖向拉拔模拟结果均与已有试验结果吻合较好,所得锚杆水平承载力特征值与理论解相对误差在合理范围内,指数接触模型、摩擦接触模型和双曲线接触模型的相对误差分别为12.03%、13.04%和13.19%;(2)水平荷载下锚杆变形由锚杆与土体的相对刚度主导,长径比增加至30时,锚杆变形特征由刚性转变为弹性;(3)随着锚杆直径的增大,水平变形系数呈幂指数减小,锚杆的水平承载力呈负指数衰减型曲线增长规律,锚杆直径由100 mm增大至400 mm,水平承载力提升83%(10.3 kN→18.87 kN).研究结果验证了B样条物质点法在土体-锚杆耦合问题研究上的可行性,为土体-结构耦合问题研究提供了可靠分析方法.展开更多
Three-photon absorption(3PA) of a push-pull chromophore,2-(3-cyano-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex- 2-enylidene)methyl)-5,5-dimethylfuran-2-ylidene) malononitrile(CFM) including TCF grou...Three-photon absorption(3PA) of a push-pull chromophore,2-(3-cyano-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex- 2-enylidene)methyl)-5,5-dimethylfuran-2-ylidene) malononitrile(CFM) including TCF group was measured by the nonlinear transmission method using a femto-second Ti:Sapphire oscillator-amplifier laser system.Its three-photon absorption cross-sections at 1300 ran were 36.8×10^-79 cm^6 s^2 in the solution of DMF and 12.3×10^-79 cm^6 s^2 in the solution of CH_2Cl_2,respectively.The large values were got by experiments in this paper,which is a new exploration for these kinds of materials.The molecule has the potential application foreground of 3PA areas and optical power limiting.展开更多
摘要The reaction of earth to pull-out process of frictional rock bolts was here modeled by the distinct element method (DEM). Ten frictional bolts were prepared;the expanding shells of five bolts included convex edges and the others had the shells with concave bits. The strength of bolts was measured by applying a standard pull-out test;the results confirmed that the strength of shells with convex edges was remarkably more than the strength of other shells. Furthermore, a two-dimensional DEM model of the test was developed by a particle flow code;the obtained results showed that the reaction of rock particles to the contacts occurring between the convex edges and earth was considerably more than those of the concave bits. In the other words, the convex edges transferred the pull-out force into a large area of the surrounded rock, causing these bolts to have the highest resistance against earth movements.
摘要为了厘清空气静压主轴多物理场耦合机理,建立了电磁场、流体场及固体场互相耦合作用下的空气静压主轴模型。首先,提出一种永磁同步电机不平衡磁拉力(Unbalance magnetic pull,UMP)的计算方法,通过构建磁隙磁通密度解析模型,得到不同电机极对数下的UMP计算结果。随后,通过求解雷诺方程,得到前/后空气径向轴承的刚度、阻尼系数;通过切片法,得到电机对应处的不平衡磁力/力矩,分别将其耦合到对应转子Timoshenko梁单元上,建立磁-流-固多场耦合的空气静压主轴模型,并通过与有限元仿真软件的对比验证模型的正确性。在不平衡质量力作用下,采用Newmark-β方法求解主轴动力学运动方程,对主轴的振动特性进行分析。结果表明:定转速(5×104r/min)时,不平衡磁力/力矩随时间正弦波动,波动周期为主轴转动周期;磁隙厚度在时域上随周向角度和时间的变化而波动,在频域上不受周向角度影响;在有UMP情况下的主轴振动响应较大;变转速(1×104~1×105r/min)时,电机转子处振动响应在9.5×104r/min处与主轴达到1阶(1506 Hz)和2阶(1642 Hz)固有频率的叠加谐共振,幅值最大;磁隙厚度在9×104r/min处与主轴达到1阶共振;不平衡磁力/力矩与电机转子处振动响应规律一致。
摘要针对无螺纹自锚式锚杆的承载特性,基于B样条物质点法(B-spline Material Point Method,BSMPM),引入了库伦摩擦模型、指数模型和双曲线模型,发展了土体-锚杆耦合界面接触模型,开展了锚杆的竖向和水平拉拔模拟,并与已有试验结果或理论解进行对比.结果表明:(1)B样条物质点法能够准确计算土体-锚杆耦合问题,引入三种接触模型下的耦合模型所得锚杆竖向拉拔模拟结果均与已有试验结果吻合较好,所得锚杆水平承载力特征值与理论解相对误差在合理范围内,指数接触模型、摩擦接触模型和双曲线接触模型的相对误差分别为12.03%、13.04%和13.19%;(2)水平荷载下锚杆变形由锚杆与土体的相对刚度主导,长径比增加至30时,锚杆变形特征由刚性转变为弹性;(3)随着锚杆直径的增大,水平变形系数呈幂指数减小,锚杆的水平承载力呈负指数衰减型曲线增长规律,锚杆直径由100 mm增大至400 mm,水平承载力提升83%(10.3 kN→18.87 kN).研究结果验证了B样条物质点法在土体-锚杆耦合问题研究上的可行性,为土体-结构耦合问题研究提供了可靠分析方法.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61178057)for financial support
摘要Three-photon absorption(3PA) of a push-pull chromophore,2-(3-cyano-(3-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex- 2-enylidene)methyl)-5,5-dimethylfuran-2-ylidene) malononitrile(CFM) including TCF group was measured by the nonlinear transmission method using a femto-second Ti:Sapphire oscillator-amplifier laser system.Its three-photon absorption cross-sections at 1300 ran were 36.8×10^-79 cm^6 s^2 in the solution of DMF and 12.3×10^-79 cm^6 s^2 in the solution of CH_2Cl_2,respectively.The large values were got by experiments in this paper,which is a new exploration for these kinds of materials.The molecule has the potential application foreground of 3PA areas and optical power limiting.