Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of restructured meat of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fortified with 0-8 g/100 g of chia seed flour (CSF) was evaluated. It had a higher nutritional value (higher fibre...Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of restructured meat of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fortified with 0-8 g/100 g of chia seed flour (CSF) was evaluated. It had a higher nutritional value (higher fibre content and protein retention] (p 〈 0.05) and better cooking characteristics (higher cooking yield and moisture retention) (p 〈 0.05) than the control. The colour (a*, b*) increased; lightness and whiteness index decrease (p 〈 0.05). Hardness increase (p 〈 0.05) occurred because of CSF addition. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that fibre fortification did not interfere with the thermal transitions of the restructured meat. No significant differences were detected with the preference test scores of 4% or 8% CSF compared with the control. Restructured (4%-8% CSF) had a higher content of fibre and fat, which could be linoleic and linolenic acid, and an increase in the content of protein compared with those of commercial products, among had 1.62 and 2.25 mg AGE/g. Therefore, the restructured properties of common carp were governed by CSF addition.展开更多
PetroChina has recently separated the lubricants assets of the two oil refining enterprises at Liaohe Oil Field and Yumen Oil Field and transferred them to PetroChina Lubricating Oil Company. As a result,the lubricati...PetroChina has recently separated the lubricants assets of the two oil refining enterprises at Liaohe Oil Field and Yumen Oil Field and transferred them to PetroChina Lubricating Oil Company. As a result,the lubricating oil company has currently nine regional lubricants production plants nationwide with six regional sales centers and two research centers,forming a large-scale lubricants complex with integration of production, marketing and technical development.展开更多
Ten governmental organizations recently issued a joint circular (No.762-2006, State Development & Reform Commission) to guide Chinese textile growth in the next five years (2006-2010). The circular, seriously take...Ten governmental organizations recently issued a joint circular (No.762-2006, State Development & Reform Commission) to guide Chinese textile growth in the next five years (2006-2010). The circular, seriously taken as guideline policy, is given out amid aggravating factors for resources, environment, trade disputes, structural problems and other challenging issues that Chinese textile industry is supposed to address in展开更多
The opening ceremony for the restructured China Standardization Press was grandly held in Beijing on December 1st, Mr. Pu Changcheng, the vice minister of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection ...The opening ceremony for the restructured China Standardization Press was grandly held in Beijing on December 1st, Mr. Pu Changcheng, the vice minister of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), Mr. Ji Zhengkun, the administrator of the Standardization Administration of China (SAC), Li Zhonghai, the chairman of China Association for Standardization (CAS) and the president of the China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS) attended and addressed at the ceremony.展开更多
In order to carry out the arrangements of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council so as to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and to establish a modern enterpris...In order to carry out the arrangements of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council so as to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and to establish a modern enterprise system,CGWIC has been restructured to a limited liability company (legal entity wholly owned) from展开更多
The intrinsic volatility and stochasticity of large-scale wind power generation pose significant challenges to grid stability.To address the limitations of conventional models in capturing strong non-stationarity,this...The intrinsic volatility and stochasticity of large-scale wind power generation pose significant challenges to grid stability.To address the limitations of conventional models in capturing strong non-stationarity,this study proposes a novel Multi-Stage Adaptive Forecasting Network(MSAF-Net).The framework features a hierarchical signal refinement strategy coupled with an intelligently optimized hybrid predictor.Initially,input redundancy is minimized via Pearson Correlation Coefficient(PCC)analysis to isolate significant meteorological variables.A two-phase decomposition-reconstruction mechanism is then implemented:the wind power series is first decomposed using Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN).To optimize the trade-off between signal complexity and computational cost,the resulting components are reconstructed based on Sample Entropy(SE),with the highest-complexity component specifically targeted for secondary denoising via Empirical Wavelet Transform(EWT).For the prediction stage,a hybrid architecture integrates Bidirectional Temporal Convolutional Networks(BiTCN)to extract multi-scale local features and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)networks to model long-term temporal dependencies.Crucially,an Attention Mechanism is embedded to weigh critical time steps,while the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)automatically optimizes the network hyperparameters.Experimental results demonstrate that MSAF-Net achieves an RMSE of 41.59,MAE of 26.67,and MAPE of 1.36%.Notably,the proposed model achieves a 23.l6%reduction in MAPE compared to the competitive CEEMDAN-EWT-LSTM benchmark,verifying its superior predictive accuracy and generalization capability.展开更多
In the last two decades,the wind power generation has been rapidly and widely developed in many regions and countries for tackling the problems of environmental pollution and sustainability of energy supply.However,th...In the last two decades,the wind power generation has been rapidly and widely developed in many regions and countries for tackling the problems of environmental pollution and sustainability of energy supply.However,the high share of intermittent and fluctuating wind power production has also increased the burden of system operator for securing power system reliability during the operational phase.Moreover,the power system restructuring and deregulation have not only introduced the competition for reducing cost but also changed the strategy of reliability evaluation and management of power systems.The conventional long-term reliability evaluation techniques have been well developed,which have been more focused on planning and expansion rather than operation of power systems.This paper proposes a new technique for evaluating operational reliabilities of restructured power systems with high wind power penetration.The proposed technique is based on the combination of the reliability network equivalent and time-sequential simulation approaches.The operational reliability network equivalents are developed to represent reliability models of wind farms,conventional generation and reserve provides,fast reserve providers and transmission network in restructured power systems.A contingency management schema for real time operation considering its coupling with the dayahead market is proposed.The time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation is used to model the chronological characteristics of corresponding reliability network equivalents.Asimplified method is also developed in the simulation procedures for improving the computational efficiency.The proposed technique can be used to evaluate customers’reliabilities considering high penetration of wind power during the power system operation in the deregulated environment.展开更多
Hydrogenation of CO and CO2(COx)into value-added chemicals and fuels is a central process for the sustainable utilization of carbon resources,where the dynamic structural changes of the catalysts play a crucial ...Hydrogenation of CO and CO2(COx)into value-added chemicals and fuels is a central process for the sustainable utilization of carbon resources,where the dynamic structural changes of the catalysts play a crucial role in determining catalytic performances.This review summarizes recent progress in regulating catalyst dynamic changes to achieve efficient COxhydrogenation.We highlight the crucial role of promoters in tuning the electronic and/or geometric structures of active sites,discuss the influence of supports in stabilizing metal nanoparticles,and emphasize the importance of reaction atmosphere engineering in suppressing or directing catalyst surface restructuring.These strategies efficiently modulate the catalyst dynamics,either by stabilizing the catalyst against undesirable restructuring or by harnessing dynamic restructuring to generate new active sites.As a result,enhanced activity,improved selectivity,and prolonged catalyst durability can be achieved.We anticipate that these concepts and insights discussed in this review will provide valuable guidance for the rational design of highly efficient catalysts for COxhydrogenation.展开更多
Achieving both high activity and long-term stability for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in acidic media remains a critical challenge for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers(PEMWEs).In this study,we propose...Achieving both high activity and long-term stability for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in acidic media remains a critical challenge for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers(PEMWEs).In this study,we proposed a Cu-incorporated ruthenium(Ru)catalyst(CuRu-250)that exhibited superior performance via dynamic surface modulation during operation.Rather than serving solely as a static dopant,Cu actively influenced the catalyst surface by undergoing partial dissolution and inducing surface restructuring.This dynamic behavior enabled pathway tuning from the adsorbate evolution mechanism to the oxide path mechanism,enhancing the intermediate turnover and suppressing the overoxidation of Ru.Consequently,CuRu-250 demonstrated markedly improved durability and competitive activity compared to undoped Ru and commercial RuO2.Single-cell PEMWE tests validated its catalytic performance under realistic conditions.These findings highlight the role of active dopant behavior in tuning acidic OER pathways and improving electrochemical resilience,thus offering a practical strategy for advanced catalyst design.展开更多
Unstable pe+pH(a soil redox parameter representing the total variation of pH and Eh,pe=−log10(e−)=Eh(mV)/59.2)environment caused by alternation flooding and drainage cycles can alter aggregate structure.However,...Unstable pe+pH(a soil redox parameter representing the total variation of pH and Eh,pe=−log10(e−)=Eh(mV)/59.2)environment caused by alternation flooding and drainage cycles can alter aggregate structure.However,the mechanism of aggregate restructuring and its impact on Cd distribution remains poorly understood.Contaminated soils were collected from three different rice-growing regions in China and then were subjected to a 40-day anaerobic incubation followed by a 20-day oxidation period.The contribution of known binders,including iron(Fe)oxides and soil organic carbon(SOC),to aggregate structural stability and its impact on DTPA-Cd distribution were investigated.The results show that flooding decreased laterite soil pe+pH from 9.56 to 1.73,resulting in the disintegration of macroaggregates and formation of microaggregates.In addition,free Fe oxides(Fe DCB)were mainly distributed in macroaggregates,while amorphous Fe oxides(Fe OA)and SOC tended to accumulate in microaggregates.The greatest decrease of 65.2%–73.2%was observed in aggregate mean weight diameter(MWD)after dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate(DCB)extraction,which indicates that Fe DCB contributed more to aggregate stability than Fe OA and SOC.Furthermore,flooding stage decreased the content of DTPA-Cd in bulk soil,and that tended to distribute in microaggregates(0.30 and 0.52 mg/kg for the>2 and<0.053 mm fraction,respectively).Taken together,unstable pe+pH changed the distribution of Fe oxides and SOC in different aggregate size,resulting in aggregate restructuring,which further impacted Cd distribution in paddy soil.展开更多
It is well-known that appropriately determining the solution space and initializations is crucial for obtaining high-quality optimal solutions for optimization problems,considering both gradient-based and gradient-fre...It is well-known that appropriately determining the solution space and initializations is crucial for obtaining high-quality optimal solutions for optimization problems,considering both gradient-based and gradient-free techniques.However,the general framework for adaptively dealing with a particular optimization problem is commonly overlooked and thus still hidden in the literature.To overcome this limitation,a new approach assisted by the neural network(NN)is proposed for solving high-dimensional optimization issues.By restructuring the search space to optimize the objective function via a nonlinear mapping constructed by an autoencoder(AE),the surrogate solution space is constructed by a network training process and dynamically oriented to the optimal solution of the optimization issue.To enhance the optimization efficiency and address non-smooth problems,the classical metaheuristic grey wolf optimizer(GWO)and the adaptive moment estimation(Adam)are sequentially employed to complement the disadvantages of the constituted models.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by solving a set of mathematical functions with 1000-dimensional and three large-scale truss design optimization problems.Several numerical experiments show that the solution space is reduced in terms of both size and complexity based on the restructuring procedure,in which the global optimal solution is still conserved,leading to better optimization efficiency when solving optimization problems with complex search domains with large dimensions.In addition,the hybrid optimizer has also been proven to be more effective when combined with the restructuring technique owing to the use of the Adam algorithm in the second phase.展开更多
Despite significant progress over the past fifteen years associated with School Mapping Restructure(SMR)in Chinese rural schools,many small schools have been closed or have merged with larger primary schools.This has ...Despite significant progress over the past fifteen years associated with School Mapping Restructure(SMR)in Chinese rural schools,many small schools have been closed or have merged with larger primary schools.This has resulted,among other things,in difficulties for many students in rural areas who now have to travel longer distances to a central(primary)school and whose families generally have to bear greater expenses for schooling.This paper examines the role of small rural schools in the Chinese education system,looks at the context and impacts of SMR on these schools in terms of quality,cost and access indicators,and highlights some of the key difficulties faced by these schools in the restructured education system.We argue that small rural schools have a significant role to play in delivering education services in rural China and should therefore be retained,supported and equipped with the right levels of facilities and quality services for them to fulfill their role.The policy implications of these findings for education officials are discussed in the context of continuing SMR.展开更多
This study aims to explore the possibility of preparing and improving the quality of restructured ground chicken(RGC)by ultrasound treatment with plasma protein(URGCP).The results showed that the effects of factors on...This study aims to explore the possibility of preparing and improving the quality of restructured ground chicken(RGC)by ultrasound treatment with plasma protein(URGCP).The results showed that the effects of factors on gumminess in URGCP were in the order of plasma protein addition amount>ultrasound power>ultrasound time.Moreover,the optimal conditions were as follows:ultrasound power of 190 W,ultrasound time of 15 min,and addition of plasma protein of 2.27%(w/w).The final gumminess of URGCP was increased by 7.96%over that of RGC.Under optimized process,the microstructure was enhanced and hardness of URGCP was decreased by 6.82%and the springiness of URGCP was increased 1.39 times than that of RGC.The water hold capability was also significantly improved.Hence,this study provided a practical basis for the application of ultrasound treatment and plasma protein in RGC processing.展开更多
In contemporary international relations which are marked by accelerating changes, intensifying geopolitical competition, and the fragmentation of the global economy, medium-term development plans have become key instr...In contemporary international relations which are marked by accelerating changes, intensifying geopolitical competition, and the fragmentation of the global economy, medium-term development plans have become key instruments for states' strategic positioning. The approvals of China's 15th Five-Year Plan(2026–2030) and Serbia's national development strategy “Serbia 2030” unfold precisely within a context that is defined by intensifying global competition, technological transformations, the restructuring of global value chains, and deeper systemic shifts encompassing the redistribution of global power, the crisis of the existing globalization model, and the growing importance of technological and energy security.展开更多
In response to profound adjustments in the global economic and trade landscape and increased geoeconomic uncertainty,companies around the world have been making plans for supply chain restructuring and the re-selectio...In response to profound adjustments in the global economic and trade landscape and increased geoeconomic uncertainty,companies around the world have been making plans for supply chain restructuring and the re-selection of investment destinations.However,despite these global changes,recent authoritative surveys have confirmed that China remains a hotspot for investment by multinational corporations.展开更多
As the global economy adjusts and domestic industries evolve,China's export of M&E products faces structural obstacles.The traditional"volume-for-price"expansion is unsustainable,emerging-market outr...As the global economy adjusts and domestic industries evolve,China's export of M&E products faces structural obstacles.The traditional"volume-for-price"expansion is unsustainable,emerging-market outreach faces barriers,and risks from exporting second-hand M&E equipment are rising.Thus,advancing high-quality,green,and standardized exports is crucial.Remanufactured M&E products offer robust performance,reduced costs,and lower carbon emissions.These advantages support China's M&E trade upgrade and address emerging market needs,enabling new export solutions and competitive strengths.展开更多
As Asia modernizes at a rapid pace amid shifting geopolitical dynamics,think-tank diplomacy has become an increasingly vital aspect of Indonesia-China relations.The increasing complexity of regional challenges such as...As Asia modernizes at a rapid pace amid shifting geopolitical dynamics,think-tank diplomacy has become an increasingly vital aspect of Indonesia-China relations.The increasing complexity of regional challenges such as technological change,digital governance,energy transition,and economic restructuring has encouraged both countries to expand knowledge-based collaboration beyond traditional state diplomacy.This is consistent with China's 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030),which prioritizes high-standard opening-up,innovation,scientific cooperation,and international research cooperation as part of its modernization agenda.展开更多
The“shale revolution”stands as one of the most defining developments in the global petroleum industry since the turn of the 21st century.It not only enabled the United States to achieve“energy independence”by tran...The“shale revolution”stands as one of the most defining developments in the global petroleum industry since the turn of the 21st century.It not only enabled the United States to achieve“energy independence”by transforming from a net importer to a net exporter of oil and gas,but also fundamentally reshaped the global oil and gas market,exerting a profound influence on international trade flows and prices.展开更多
Against a backdrop of rising global trade protectionism and accelerated restructuring of international industrial and supply chains,regional institutional cooperation is becoming a key force in stabilizing cross-borde...Against a backdrop of rising global trade protectionism and accelerated restructuring of international industrial and supply chains,regional institutional cooperation is becoming a key force in stabilizing cross-border trade and investment.The ASEAN region enjoys strong economic growth momentum with a distinct demographic advantage while China boasts a complete industrial system and manufacturing capacity.展开更多
The new energy vehicle industry is growing quickly,bringing new opportunities and challenges to automotive maintenance professional education.This paper checks vocational schools’current new energy vehicle maintenanc...The new energy vehicle industry is growing quickly,bringing new opportunities and challenges to automotive maintenance professional education.This paper checks vocational schools’current new energy vehicle maintenance curriculum to see if the curriculum fits real maintenance work and industry needs.Industry and education are not linked well right now.This project takes“modular maintenance”as a starting point and rebuilds the traditional curricula.A vehicle is split into five main parts.It gets rid of gaps between different subjects and rearranges teaching content.A content system consisting of“modules-projects-tasks”is built and corresponding multimedia materials are added as a supplement.Teaching activities are designed,focusing on the“teach,learn,do,evaluate”way of learning.A diverse assessment method based on professional abilities is used.The results show that this approach is effective in developing students’systematic thinking,boosting their overall maintenance skills,cultivating their professional qualities,and helping vocational education combine with real social needs.展开更多
摘要Physicochemical and sensory characteristics of restructured meat of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fortified with 0-8 g/100 g of chia seed flour (CSF) was evaluated. It had a higher nutritional value (higher fibre content and protein retention] (p 〈 0.05) and better cooking characteristics (higher cooking yield and moisture retention) (p 〈 0.05) than the control. The colour (a*, b*) increased; lightness and whiteness index decrease (p 〈 0.05). Hardness increase (p 〈 0.05) occurred because of CSF addition. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that fibre fortification did not interfere with the thermal transitions of the restructured meat. No significant differences were detected with the preference test scores of 4% or 8% CSF compared with the control. Restructured (4%-8% CSF) had a higher content of fibre and fat, which could be linoleic and linolenic acid, and an increase in the content of protein compared with those of commercial products, among had 1.62 and 2.25 mg AGE/g. Therefore, the restructured properties of common carp were governed by CSF addition.
摘要PetroChina has recently separated the lubricants assets of the two oil refining enterprises at Liaohe Oil Field and Yumen Oil Field and transferred them to PetroChina Lubricating Oil Company. As a result,the lubricating oil company has currently nine regional lubricants production plants nationwide with six regional sales centers and two research centers,forming a large-scale lubricants complex with integration of production, marketing and technical development.
摘要Ten governmental organizations recently issued a joint circular (No.762-2006, State Development & Reform Commission) to guide Chinese textile growth in the next five years (2006-2010). The circular, seriously taken as guideline policy, is given out amid aggravating factors for resources, environment, trade disputes, structural problems and other challenging issues that Chinese textile industry is supposed to address in
摘要The opening ceremony for the restructured China Standardization Press was grandly held in Beijing on December 1st, Mr. Pu Changcheng, the vice minister of the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine (AQSIQ), Mr. Ji Zhengkun, the administrator of the Standardization Administration of China (SAC), Li Zhonghai, the chairman of China Association for Standardization (CAS) and the president of the China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS) attended and addressed at the ceremony.
摘要In order to carry out the arrangements of the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council so as to deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and to establish a modern enterprise system,CGWIC has been restructured to a limited liability company (legal entity wholly owned) from
基金supported by Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(202401CF070073).
摘要The intrinsic volatility and stochasticity of large-scale wind power generation pose significant challenges to grid stability.To address the limitations of conventional models in capturing strong non-stationarity,this study proposes a novel Multi-Stage Adaptive Forecasting Network(MSAF-Net).The framework features a hierarchical signal refinement strategy coupled with an intelligently optimized hybrid predictor.Initially,input redundancy is minimized via Pearson Correlation Coefficient(PCC)analysis to isolate significant meteorological variables.A two-phase decomposition-reconstruction mechanism is then implemented:the wind power series is first decomposed using Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN).To optimize the trade-off between signal complexity and computational cost,the resulting components are reconstructed based on Sample Entropy(SE),with the highest-complexity component specifically targeted for secondary denoising via Empirical Wavelet Transform(EWT).For the prediction stage,a hybrid architecture integrates Bidirectional Temporal Convolutional Networks(BiTCN)to extract multi-scale local features and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)networks to model long-term temporal dependencies.Crucially,an Attention Mechanism is embedded to weigh critical time steps,while the Sparrow Search Algorithm(SSA)automatically optimizes the network hyperparameters.Experimental results demonstrate that MSAF-Net achieves an RMSE of 41.59,MAE of 26.67,and MAPE of 1.36%.Notably,the proposed model achieves a 23.l6%reduction in MAPE compared to the competitive CEEMDAN-EWT-LSTM benchmark,verifying its superior predictive accuracy and generalization capability.
基金This work was supported by Chinese National Natural Science Funds under Grant 51177078.
摘要In the last two decades,the wind power generation has been rapidly and widely developed in many regions and countries for tackling the problems of environmental pollution and sustainability of energy supply.However,the high share of intermittent and fluctuating wind power production has also increased the burden of system operator for securing power system reliability during the operational phase.Moreover,the power system restructuring and deregulation have not only introduced the competition for reducing cost but also changed the strategy of reliability evaluation and management of power systems.The conventional long-term reliability evaluation techniques have been well developed,which have been more focused on planning and expansion rather than operation of power systems.This paper proposes a new technique for evaluating operational reliabilities of restructured power systems with high wind power penetration.The proposed technique is based on the combination of the reliability network equivalent and time-sequential simulation approaches.The operational reliability network equivalents are developed to represent reliability models of wind farms,conventional generation and reserve provides,fast reserve providers and transmission network in restructured power systems.A contingency management schema for real time operation considering its coupling with the dayahead market is proposed.The time-sequential Monte Carlo simulation is used to model the chronological characteristics of corresponding reliability network equivalents.Asimplified method is also developed in the simulation procedures for improving the computational efficiency.The proposed technique can be used to evaluate customers’reliabilities considering high penetration of wind power during the power system operation in the deregulated environment.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFA1500404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22525204 and 22521204)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M742990)the Contract Projects of China Petroleum&Chemical Corporation(123018)。
摘要Hydrogenation of CO and CO2(COx)into value-added chemicals and fuels is a central process for the sustainable utilization of carbon resources,where the dynamic structural changes of the catalysts play a crucial role in determining catalytic performances.This review summarizes recent progress in regulating catalyst dynamic changes to achieve efficient COxhydrogenation.We highlight the crucial role of promoters in tuning the electronic and/or geometric structures of active sites,discuss the influence of supports in stabilizing metal nanoparticles,and emphasize the importance of reaction atmosphere engineering in suppressing or directing catalyst surface restructuring.These strategies efficiently modulate the catalyst dynamics,either by stabilizing the catalyst against undesirable restructuring or by harnessing dynamic restructuring to generate new active sites.As a result,enhanced activity,improved selectivity,and prolonged catalyst durability can be achieved.We anticipate that these concepts and insights discussed in this review will provide valuable guidance for the rational design of highly efficient catalysts for COxhydrogenation.
摘要Achieving both high activity and long-term stability for the oxygen evolution reaction(OER)in acidic media remains a critical challenge for proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers(PEMWEs).In this study,we proposed a Cu-incorporated ruthenium(Ru)catalyst(CuRu-250)that exhibited superior performance via dynamic surface modulation during operation.Rather than serving solely as a static dopant,Cu actively influenced the catalyst surface by undergoing partial dissolution and inducing surface restructuring.This dynamic behavior enabled pathway tuning from the adsorbate evolution mechanism to the oxide path mechanism,enhancing the intermediate turnover and suppressing the overoxidation of Ru.Consequently,CuRu-250 demonstrated markedly improved durability and competitive activity compared to undoped Ru and commercial RuO2.Single-cell PEMWE tests validated its catalytic performance under realistic conditions.These findings highlight the role of active dopant behavior in tuning acidic OER pathways and improving electrochemical resilience,thus offering a practical strategy for advanced catalyst design.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42477028)the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.CAAS-CSGLCA-202302)+3 种基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program(No.CAAS-ZDRW202308)the Youth Innovation of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(No.Y2023QC17)the Research Fund Program of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology(No.2023B1212060016)the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-03).
摘要Unstable pe+pH(a soil redox parameter representing the total variation of pH and Eh,pe=−log10(e−)=Eh(mV)/59.2)environment caused by alternation flooding and drainage cycles can alter aggregate structure.However,the mechanism of aggregate restructuring and its impact on Cd distribution remains poorly understood.Contaminated soils were collected from three different rice-growing regions in China and then were subjected to a 40-day anaerobic incubation followed by a 20-day oxidation period.The contribution of known binders,including iron(Fe)oxides and soil organic carbon(SOC),to aggregate structural stability and its impact on DTPA-Cd distribution were investigated.The results show that flooding decreased laterite soil pe+pH from 9.56 to 1.73,resulting in the disintegration of macroaggregates and formation of microaggregates.In addition,free Fe oxides(Fe DCB)were mainly distributed in macroaggregates,while amorphous Fe oxides(Fe OA)and SOC tended to accumulate in microaggregates.The greatest decrease of 65.2%–73.2%was observed in aggregate mean weight diameter(MWD)after dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate(DCB)extraction,which indicates that Fe DCB contributed more to aggregate stability than Fe OA and SOC.Furthermore,flooding stage decreased the content of DTPA-Cd in bulk soil,and that tended to distribute in microaggregates(0.30 and 0.52 mg/kg for the>2 and<0.053 mm fraction,respectively).Taken together,unstable pe+pH changed the distribution of Fe oxides and SOC in different aggregate size,resulting in aggregate restructuring,which further impacted Cd distribution in paddy soil.
基金Project supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF),funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT(No.RS-2024-00337001)。
摘要It is well-known that appropriately determining the solution space and initializations is crucial for obtaining high-quality optimal solutions for optimization problems,considering both gradient-based and gradient-free techniques.However,the general framework for adaptively dealing with a particular optimization problem is commonly overlooked and thus still hidden in the literature.To overcome this limitation,a new approach assisted by the neural network(NN)is proposed for solving high-dimensional optimization issues.By restructuring the search space to optimize the objective function via a nonlinear mapping constructed by an autoencoder(AE),the surrogate solution space is constructed by a network training process and dynamically oriented to the optimal solution of the optimization issue.To enhance the optimization efficiency and address non-smooth problems,the classical metaheuristic grey wolf optimizer(GWO)and the adaptive moment estimation(Adam)are sequentially employed to complement the disadvantages of the constituted models.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by solving a set of mathematical functions with 1000-dimensional and three large-scale truss design optimization problems.Several numerical experiments show that the solution space is reduced in terms of both size and complexity based on the restructuring procedure,in which the global optimal solution is still conserved,leading to better optimization efficiency when solving optimization problems with complex search domains with large dimensions.In addition,the hybrid optimizer has also been proven to be more effective when combined with the restructuring technique owing to the use of the Adam algorithm in the second phase.
摘要Despite significant progress over the past fifteen years associated with School Mapping Restructure(SMR)in Chinese rural schools,many small schools have been closed or have merged with larger primary schools.This has resulted,among other things,in difficulties for many students in rural areas who now have to travel longer distances to a central(primary)school and whose families generally have to bear greater expenses for schooling.This paper examines the role of small rural schools in the Chinese education system,looks at the context and impacts of SMR on these schools in terms of quality,cost and access indicators,and highlights some of the key difficulties faced by these schools in the restructured education system.We argue that small rural schools have a significant role to play in delivering education services in rural China and should therefore be retained,supported and equipped with the right levels of facilities and quality services for them to fulfill their role.The policy implications of these findings for education officials are discussed in the context of continuing SMR.
基金supported by the China agriculture research system(CARS-41)Liaocheng Science and Technology Support SME Climbing Plan Project(2023PDJH23)Jiangsu Agriculture Science and Technology Innovation Fund(CX(21)2016).
摘要This study aims to explore the possibility of preparing and improving the quality of restructured ground chicken(RGC)by ultrasound treatment with plasma protein(URGCP).The results showed that the effects of factors on gumminess in URGCP were in the order of plasma protein addition amount>ultrasound power>ultrasound time.Moreover,the optimal conditions were as follows:ultrasound power of 190 W,ultrasound time of 15 min,and addition of plasma protein of 2.27%(w/w).The final gumminess of URGCP was increased by 7.96%over that of RGC.Under optimized process,the microstructure was enhanced and hardness of URGCP was decreased by 6.82%and the springiness of URGCP was increased 1.39 times than that of RGC.The water hold capability was also significantly improved.Hence,this study provided a practical basis for the application of ultrasound treatment and plasma protein in RGC processing.
摘要In contemporary international relations which are marked by accelerating changes, intensifying geopolitical competition, and the fragmentation of the global economy, medium-term development plans have become key instruments for states' strategic positioning. The approvals of China's 15th Five-Year Plan(2026–2030) and Serbia's national development strategy “Serbia 2030” unfold precisely within a context that is defined by intensifying global competition, technological transformations, the restructuring of global value chains, and deeper systemic shifts encompassing the redistribution of global power, the crisis of the existing globalization model, and the growing importance of technological and energy security.
摘要In response to profound adjustments in the global economic and trade landscape and increased geoeconomic uncertainty,companies around the world have been making plans for supply chain restructuring and the re-selection of investment destinations.However,despite these global changes,recent authoritative surveys have confirmed that China remains a hotspot for investment by multinational corporations.
摘要As Asia modernizes at a rapid pace amid shifting geopolitical dynamics,think-tank diplomacy has become an increasingly vital aspect of Indonesia-China relations.The increasing complexity of regional challenges such as technological change,digital governance,energy transition,and economic restructuring has encouraged both countries to expand knowledge-based collaboration beyond traditional state diplomacy.This is consistent with China's 15th Five-Year Plan(2026-2030),which prioritizes high-standard opening-up,innovation,scientific cooperation,and international research cooperation as part of its modernization agenda.
摘要The“shale revolution”stands as one of the most defining developments in the global petroleum industry since the turn of the 21st century.It not only enabled the United States to achieve“energy independence”by transforming from a net importer to a net exporter of oil and gas,but also fundamentally reshaped the global oil and gas market,exerting a profound influence on international trade flows and prices.
摘要Against a backdrop of rising global trade protectionism and accelerated restructuring of international industrial and supply chains,regional institutional cooperation is becoming a key force in stabilizing cross-border trade and investment.The ASEAN region enjoys strong economic growth momentum with a distinct demographic advantage while China boasts a complete industrial system and manufacturing capacity.
摘要The new energy vehicle industry is growing quickly,bringing new opportunities and challenges to automotive maintenance professional education.This paper checks vocational schools’current new energy vehicle maintenance curriculum to see if the curriculum fits real maintenance work and industry needs.Industry and education are not linked well right now.This project takes“modular maintenance”as a starting point and rebuilds the traditional curricula.A vehicle is split into five main parts.It gets rid of gaps between different subjects and rearranges teaching content.A content system consisting of“modules-projects-tasks”is built and corresponding multimedia materials are added as a supplement.Teaching activities are designed,focusing on the“teach,learn,do,evaluate”way of learning.A diverse assessment method based on professional abilities is used.The results show that this approach is effective in developing students’systematic thinking,boosting their overall maintenance skills,cultivating their professional qualities,and helping vocational education combine with real social needs.