In this paper, the effects of both rotation and magnetic field of the peristaltic transport of a second-order fluid through a porous medium in a channel are studied analytically and computed numerically. The material ...In this paper, the effects of both rotation and magnetic field of the peristaltic transport of a second-order fluid through a porous medium in a channel are studied analytically and computed numerically. The material is represented by the constitutive equations for a second-order fluid. Closed-form solutions under the consideration of long wavelength and low Reynolds number is presented. The analytical expressions for the pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction force, stream function, shear stress, and velocity are obtained in the physical domain. The effects of the non-dimensional wave amplitude, porosity, magnetic field, rotation, and the dimensionless time-mean flow in the wave frame are analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically in each case considered. Comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence and absence of rotation, magnetic field, and porosity. The results indicate that the effects of the non-dimensional wave amplitude, porosity, magnetic field, rotation, and the dimensionless time-mean flow are very pronounced in the phenomena.展开更多
The normal viscous force of squeeze flow between two arbitrary rigid spheres with an interstitial second-order fluid was studied for modeling wet granular materials using the discrete element method. Based on the Reyn...The normal viscous force of squeeze flow between two arbitrary rigid spheres with an interstitial second-order fluid was studied for modeling wet granular materials using the discrete element method. Based on the Reynolds' lubrication theory, the small parameter method was introduced to approximately analyze velocity field and stress distribution between the two disks. Then a similar procedure was carried out for analyzing the normal interaction between two nearly touching, arbitrary rigid spheres to obtain the pressure distribution and the resulting squeeze force. It has been proved that the solutions can be reduced to the case of a Newtonian fluid when the non-Newtonian terms are neglected.展开更多
The exact solutions are obtained for unsteady unidirectional flows of a generalized second-order fluid through a rectangular conduit.The fractional calculus in the constitutive relationship of a non-Newtonian fluid is...The exact solutions are obtained for unsteady unidirectional flows of a generalized second-order fluid through a rectangular conduit.The fractional calculus in the constitutive relationship of a non-Newtonian fluid is introduced.We construct the solutions by means of Fourier transform and the discrete Laplace transform of the sequential derivatives and the double finite Fourier transform.The solutions for Newtonian fluid between two infinite parallel plates appear as limiting cases of our solutions.展开更多
Discriminative region localization and efficient feature encoding are crucial for fine-grained object recognition.However,existing data augmentation methods struggle to accurately locate discriminative regions in comp...Discriminative region localization and efficient feature encoding are crucial for fine-grained object recognition.However,existing data augmentation methods struggle to accurately locate discriminative regions in complex backgrounds,small target objects,and limited training data,leading to poor recognition.Fine-grained images exhibit“small inter-class differences,”and while second-order feature encoding enhances discrimination,it often requires dual Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),increasing training time and complexity.This study proposes a model integrating discriminative region localization and efficient second-order feature encoding.By ranking feature map channels via a fully connected layer,it selects high-importance channels to generate an enhanced map,accurately locating discriminative regions.Cropping and erasing augmentations further refine recognition.To improve efficiency,a novel second-order feature encoding module generates an attention map from the fourth convolutional group of Residual Network 50 layers(ResNet-50)and multiplies it with features from the fifth group,producing second-order features while reducing dimensionality and training time.Experiments on Caltech-University of California,San Diego Birds-200-2011(CUB-200-2011),Stanford Car,and Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft(FGVC Aircraft)datasets show state-of-the-art accuracy of 88.9%,94.7%,and 93.3%,respectively.展开更多
This paper presents a second-order memcapacitor(CM)-based FitzHugh–Nagumo(FHN)neuron model designed to emulate multiscale memory mechanisms observed in biological neurons.The memcapacitor incorporates two internal st...This paper presents a second-order memcapacitor(CM)-based FitzHugh–Nagumo(FHN)neuron model designed to emulate multiscale memory mechanisms observed in biological neurons.The memcapacitor incorporates two internal state variables—a fast variable that enables rapid response and a slow variable that enables gradual adaptation—replacing the linear membrane capacitor in the classical FHN circuit to form a four-dimensional neuronal system.The electrical activities of the neuron are systematically investigated using bifurcation diagrams,Lyapunov exponents,and a twoparameter dynamical map.Numerical simulations reveal that variations in excitation frequency and amplitude can induce transitions among chaotic firing,multiperiodic firing,and single-periodic spiking.Furthermore,the model demonstrates pronounced multistability governed by the memcapacitor's initial states,where distinct periodic and chaotic attractors coexist within separate basins of attraction—a direct manifestation of the multiscale memory interaction.By tailoring external stimuli and internal parameters,the neuron successfully reproduces eight quintessential neuromorphic behaviors,including phasic and tonic spiking,mixed-mode oscillations,subthreshold oscillations,inhibition-induced spiking,rebound spikes,bistability,and Class 2 excitability.Finally,an analog FHN circuit integrated with a secondorder memcapacitor emulator is implemented using off-the-shelf electronic components.Circuit simulations demonstrate excellent agreement with numerical analyses,thereby validating both the model's correctness and its physical realizability for neuromorphic engineering applications.展开更多
A method for correlating thermal light over a wide spectral range is proposed.A multi-wavelength pseudothermal source,prepared by projecting laser beams of multiple wavelengths(650 nm,635 nm,532 nm,and 473 nm)onto a m...A method for correlating thermal light over a wide spectral range is proposed.A multi-wavelength pseudothermal source,prepared by projecting laser beams of multiple wavelengths(650 nm,635 nm,532 nm,and 473 nm)onto a moving thin ground glass plate,is employed in a double-slit interference experiment.The ground glass plate induces random phase differences between light beams of different wavelengths passing through it.This initial random phase difference significantly influences the high-order intensity correlation functions of multi-wavelength thermal beams.Experimentally,second-order correlated interference patterns,including subwavelength interference,of pseudothermal beams with different wavelengths are observed in the intensity correlation measurements.This method facilitates applications of correlated thermal photons in quantum information processing and quantum imaging.展开更多
This paper proposes a hybrid sequential second-order cone programming(HSSOCP)method with a three-layer scheme for the entry trajectory optimization of the cross-domain morphing vehicles(CDMVs).By defining the new morp...This paper proposes a hybrid sequential second-order cone programming(HSSOCP)method with a three-layer scheme for the entry trajectory optimization of the cross-domain morphing vehicles(CDMVs).By defining the new morphing rate control variable and using relaxation techniques to relax the bank angle constraint,the SOCP-based entry problem is constructed.A dynamic relaxation penal-ization technique is developed in the first layer to overcome artificial infeasibility and significantly enhance initialization robustness.A novel standard oscillation identification(SOI)method is proposed to precisely identify the iteration oscillations of basic SSOCP in the second layer,which can significantly improve the solution accuracy.A soft-trust-region strategy is applied in the third layer to eliminate oscillations and accelerate convergence.Simulation results of two scenarios demonstrate that the proposed SOI method effectively avoids non-standard oscillation interference versus traditional methods.The morphing aircraft can complete tasks better with a 7.01%and 10.43%reduction in heat load respectively compared to fixed-wing aircraft.The HSSOCP method can maintain accuracy while reducing computation time by 63.47%and 73.86%versus VATSSOCP.Monte Carlo simulations further validate the robustness.展开更多
One of the most significant challenges in commercializing organic second-order nonlinear optical(NLO)materials lies in the inherent trade-off between nonlinearity and stability.A key factor in mitigating this compromi...One of the most significant challenges in commercializing organic second-order nonlinear optical(NLO)materials lies in the inherent trade-off between nonlinearity and stability.A key factor in mitigating this compromise is achieving precise temporal synchronization between the formation of the cross-linked network and the establishment of an optimal non-centrosymmetric alignment of the chromophores.Guided by this principle,we developed a series of NLO polymers incorporating multiple ether chains with low rotational energy barriers,which facilitate molecular reorientation during electric field poling,thereby enhancing the NLO response effectively.Combined with an optimized photocrosslinking strategy,the resulting PX4o/PETMP doped film achieved large macroscopic NLO coefficient of 190 pm·V-1and thermal degradation temperature as high as 120℃.This work offers a universal approach to alleviating the“nonlinearity-stability”trade-off in a wide range of polymeric systems.展开更多
The vibration and resonance behavior of steel frame structures are significantly affected by connection flexibility and geometric nonlinearity.Conventional vibration analyses often assume fully rigid beam-column conne...The vibration and resonance behavior of steel frame structures are significantly affected by connection flexibility and geometric nonlinearity.Conventional vibration analyses often assume fully rigid beam-column connections and neglect second-order effects,which can lead to inaccurate predictions of natural frequencies and resonance conditions.This study proposes a finite element-based approach for the vibration analysis of planar steel frames with linear and nonlinear semi-rigid connections,explicitly incorporating geometric nonlinearity.Beam-column connections aremodeled using nonlinearmoment-rotation relationships,while elastic and geometric stiffnessmatrices,together with a consistentmassmatrix,are integrated into the governing dynamic equations.Thetime-history response is computed using the Newmark integration scheme.The proposed formulation is validated through benchmark examples and comparisons with published results and commercial finite element software.Numerical results reveal that the combined effects of semi-rigid connections and geometric nonlinearity significantly alter the effective structural stiffness,leading to noticeable variations in natural vibration frequencies.In particular,the fundamental frequency evolves during dynamic response,resulting in resonance shifting and time-dependent resonance behavior.These findings suggest that resonance in steel frames with semi-rigid connections should be regarded as a state-dependent phenomenon rather than a fixed structural property,with important implications for vibration assessment and resonance control in structural design.展开更多
We consider an infinite capacity second-order fluid queue with subordinator input and Markovmodulated linear release rate. The fluid queue level is described by a generalized Langevin stochastic differential equation ...We consider an infinite capacity second-order fluid queue with subordinator input and Markovmodulated linear release rate. The fluid queue level is described by a generalized Langevin stochastic differential equation (SDE). Applying infinitesimal generator, we obtain the stationary distribution that satisfies an integro-differential equation. We derive the solution of the SDE and study the transient level's convergence in distribution. When the coefficients of the SDE are constants, we deduce the system transient property.展开更多
The fractional calculus approach in the constitutive relationship model of second-order fluid is introduced and the flow characteristics of the viscoelastic fluid in double cylinder rheometer are studied. First, the a...The fractional calculus approach in the constitutive relationship model of second-order fluid is introduced and the flow characteristics of the viscoelastic fluid in double cylinder rheometer are studied. First, the analytical solution of which the derivative order is 1/2 is derived with the analytical solution and the reliability of Laplace numerical inversion based on Crump algorithm for the problem is verified, then the characteristics of second-order fluid flow in the rheometer by using Crump method is analyzed. The results indicate that the more obvious the viscoelastic properties of fluid are, the more sensitive the dependence of velocity and stress on fractional derivative order is.展开更多
Fluid seepage and associated heat transfer within the enhanced geothermal system(EGS)regulate the extraction of heat from hot,low-water-saturation thermal reservoirs,sometimes referred to as hot dry rock(HDR).To under...Fluid seepage and associated heat transfer within the enhanced geothermal system(EGS)regulate the extraction of heat from hot,low-water-saturation thermal reservoirs,sometimes referred to as hot dry rock(HDR).To understand these complex heat recovery processes,we simulated long-term heat extraction in a surrogate HDR using a true triaxial apparatus.A circulation test was first implemented to analyze the connectivity between different wells.Suitable injection and production wells were then selected for the laboratory heat extraction tests in granite,which lasted 14.5 h.Under variable injection rate conditions,we systematically analyzed the time-varying curves of temperature and flow rate in the production wells and pressure in the injection wells.Our findings showed that the advantage channel was dominant in the flow distribution when several paths existed in EGS.Changes in fracture conductivity are attributed to injection pressure.These included an increase in fracture width and activation of a localized closed area of fracture.These two mechanisms influenced the production temperature,and this is consistent with the field data monitored at the Fenton Hill and Hijiori projects.Fluid leak-off was an important factor affecting the production flow rate.For a fracture with low hydraulic conductivity,a lower injection rate could effectively prevent excessive fluid leak-off.In addition,by comparing injection rates and fluid recovery rates,production wells in different phases or injection modes had different fluid recovery rates even when the injection rates were the same.展开更多
The two-dimensional steady flow of an incompressible second-order viscoelastic fluid between two parallel plates was studied in terms of vorticity, the stream function and temperature equations. The governing equation...The two-dimensional steady flow of an incompressible second-order viscoelastic fluid between two parallel plates was studied in terms of vorticity, the stream function and temperature equations. The governing equations were expanded with respect to a snmll parameter to get the zeroth- and first-order approximate equations. By using the differenl2al quadrature method with only a few grid points, the high-accurate numerical results were obtained.展开更多
While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO2geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model...While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO2geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model incorporating rate-and-state friction laws to investigate fault reactivation mechanisms during early-stage CO2injection.The competing effects of pore pressure diffusion and fluid pressurization are systematically investigated,considering three key factors:permeability variations within fault damage zones,normal stress variation coefficients,and injection parameters.Numerical simulations reveal that slower CO2migration causes limited pressure perturbation(<0.3 MPa over 15 d)compared to single-phase fluid injection.Fluid pressurization enhances fault strength and delays reactivation,though this stabilizing effect diminishes in low-permeability damage zones.Highly permeable damage zones promote larger rupture areas despite strengthening from pressurization,as reduced effective stress accelerates failure.Paradoxically,while fluid pressurization increases fault strength,it simultaneously elevates seismic risk through amplified stress drops during slip events.Temporal analysis shows that fluid pressurization dominates initial fault response,while sustained pore pressure diffusion ultimately drives reactivation.Increased normal stress variation coefficients and injection rates accelerate localized rupture initiation but restrict propagation due to non-critically stressed states.This discrepancy demonstrates that regions with positive Coulomb failure stress changes do not correlate well with actual slip zones.These findings highlight the critical interplay between transient pressurization effects and progressive pressure diffusion during early CO2injection phases,providing crucial insights for seismic risk management in CO2storage projects.展开更多
In recent years,the study of higher-order topological states and their material realizations has become a research frontier in topological condensed matter physics.We demonstrate that twisted bilayer graphene with sma...In recent years,the study of higher-order topological states and their material realizations has become a research frontier in topological condensed matter physics.We demonstrate that twisted bilayer graphene with small twist angles behaves as a second-order topological insulator possessing topological corner charges.Using a tight-binding model,we compute the topological band indices and corner states of finite-sized twisted bilayer graphene flakes.It is found that for any small twist angle,whether commensurate or incommensurate,the gaps both below and above the flat bands are associated with nontrivial topological indices.Our results not only extend the concept of second-order band topology to arbitrary small twist angles but also confirm the existence of corner states at acute-angle corners.展开更多
This paper studies the random internal wave equations describing the density interface displacements and the velocity potentials of N-layer stratified fluid contained between two rigid walls at the top and bottom. The...This paper studies the random internal wave equations describing the density interface displacements and the velocity potentials of N-layer stratified fluid contained between two rigid walls at the top and bottom. The density interface displacements and the velocity potentials were solved to the second-order by an expansion approach used by Longuet-Higgins (1963) and Dean (1979) in the study of random surface waves and by Song (2004) in the study of second- order random wave solutions for internal waves in a two-layer fluid. The obtained results indicate that the first-order solutions are a linear superposition of many wave components with different amplitudes, wave numbers and frequencies, and that the amplitudes of first-order wave components with the same wave numbers and frequencies between the adjacent density interfaces are modulated by each other. They also show that the second-order solutions consist of two parts: the first one is the first-order solutions, and the second one is the solutions of the second-order asymptotic equations, which describe the second-order nonlinear modification and the second-order wave-wave interactions not only among the wave components on same density interfaces but also among the wave components between the adjacent density interfaces. Both the first-order and second-order solutions depend on the density and depth of each layer. It is also deduced that the results of the present work include those derived by Song (2004) for second-order random wave solutions for internal waves in a two-layer fluid as a particular case.展开更多
Background:The analysis and prediction of pancreaticobiliary reflux(PBR)play a crucial role in planning surgical interventions for hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases,considering the uncertain mechanism behind it.Howev...Background:The analysis and prediction of pancreaticobiliary reflux(PBR)play a crucial role in planning surgical interventions for hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases,considering the uncertain mechanism behind it.However,current practices are limited by fragmented clinical observations,making it challenging to visualize the complex phenomenon in the pancreaticobiliary junction(PBJ)through imaging and radiography experiments.This study aimed to comprehensively describe the retrograde flow characteristics in various PBR scenarios and assess the factors leading to PBR using simulations based on idealized geometry and boundary conditions.Methods:By Cadence Pointwise,we developed a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model using an idealized PBJ system.Standard parameters such as pressure and viscosity were applied,along with typical assumptions relevant to fluid dynamic modeling.Subsequently,based on the aforementioned basic idealized model,we analyzed 8 hypothetical PBR conditions,covering a range of high(shorter)and low(longer)values or different positions for each specific parameter,at a representative stage of a peristaltic propagation cycle of the Oddi's sphincter.Results:We modeled a two-dimensional PBJ with the propagation of a peristaltic wave.These findings demonstrated that the shortened septum,the extended ampulla,the increased wavelength and enhanced amplitude of the Oddi's sphincterial peristalsis,the widened diameter difference and the increased pressure difference between the common bile duct(CBD)and the main pancreatic duct(MPD),as well as the gravitational effect(position),strongly impacted PBR,while the viscosity of bile and pancreatic juice had a weaker influence.Additionally,an inequality incorporating these risk factors was developed for the evaluation of whether reflux occurs.Conclusions:Numerical simulation can be used to describe the reflux flow field,offering the possibility to visualize and analyze PBR,which has the potential to significantly revolutionize the understanding of PBR and improve clinical decision-making.Future work should focus on bridging the gap between CFD and clinical practice.展开更多
Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying p...Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying pore structures and surface chemical properties,this technology can simulate fluid displacement behaviors in different types of reservoirs.Through the modification of fluid properties and displacement conditions in experiments,it allows for the quantitative analysis of fluid distribution characteristics during displacement processes.This provides valuable technical tools for studying the microscopic mechanisms of CO2 flooding,chemical flooding,and other enhanced oil/gas recovery techniques.This paper reviews the unique advantages of microfluidic technology in revealing pore-scale transport behaviors and optimizing development strategies,while also analyzing the current challenges associated with its application.With advancements in materials science and manufacturing technologies,microfluidic technology is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in reservoir development,offering new technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.展开更多
A rapid,green and highly sensitive excitation-emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence method was proposed for analysis of irinotecan(CPT-11)in biological fluids including human plasma and urine samples of uncalibrated interf...A rapid,green and highly sensitive excitation-emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence method was proposed for analysis of irinotecan(CPT-11)in biological fluids including human plasma and urine samples of uncalibrated interferences with the aid of second-order advantage.Due to the serious spectral overlapping from biological matrices,the parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC)and the alternating normalization-weighted error(ANWE)have been recommended to perform directly calibration and overcome the problem which makes the traditional fluorospectrophotometer in trouble.Satisfactory results can be achieved.Furthermore,performance of the proposed method was evaluated based on figures of merit and some statistical parameters.The accuracy of both algorithms was validated by the elliptical joint confidence region(EJCR)test.The precision and repeatability were also investigated by the relative standard deviations(RSDs)of intra-day and inter-day.展开更多
The heat transfer of a magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid inside an annulus considering the second-order slip condition and nanoparticle migration is theoret-ically investigated. A second-order slip condition, which appro...The heat transfer of a magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid inside an annulus considering the second-order slip condition and nanoparticle migration is theoret-ically investigated. A second-order slip condition, which appropriately represents the non-equilibrium region near the interface, is prescribed rather than the no-slip condition and the linear Navier slip condition. To impose different temperature gradients, the outer wall is subjected to q2, the inner wall is subjected to q1, and q1 〉 q2. A modified two-component four-equation non-homogeneous equilibrium model is employed for the nanofiuid, which have been reduced to two-point ordinary boundary value differential equations in the consideration of the thermally and hydrodynamically fully developed flow. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed to solve the equations, and the h-curves are plotted to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the solutions. Moreover, the effects of the physical factors on the flow and heat transfer are discussed in detail, and the semi-analytical relation between NUB and NBT is obtained.展开更多
摘要In this paper, the effects of both rotation and magnetic field of the peristaltic transport of a second-order fluid through a porous medium in a channel are studied analytically and computed numerically. The material is represented by the constitutive equations for a second-order fluid. Closed-form solutions under the consideration of long wavelength and low Reynolds number is presented. The analytical expressions for the pressure gradient, pressure rise, friction force, stream function, shear stress, and velocity are obtained in the physical domain. The effects of the non-dimensional wave amplitude, porosity, magnetic field, rotation, and the dimensionless time-mean flow in the wave frame are analyzed theoretically and computed numerically. Numerical results are given and illustrated graphically in each case considered. Comparison was made with the results obtained in the presence and absence of rotation, magnetic field, and porosity. The results indicate that the effects of the non-dimensional wave amplitude, porosity, magnetic field, rotation, and the dimensionless time-mean flow are very pronounced in the phenomena.
摘要The normal viscous force of squeeze flow between two arbitrary rigid spheres with an interstitial second-order fluid was studied for modeling wet granular materials using the discrete element method. Based on the Reynolds' lubrication theory, the small parameter method was introduced to approximately analyze velocity field and stress distribution between the two disks. Then a similar procedure was carried out for analyzing the normal interaction between two nearly touching, arbitrary rigid spheres to obtain the pressure distribution and the resulting squeeze force. It has been proved that the solutions can be reduced to the case of a Newtonian fluid when the non-Newtonian terms are neglected.
摘要The exact solutions are obtained for unsteady unidirectional flows of a generalized second-order fluid through a rectangular conduit.The fractional calculus in the constitutive relationship of a non-Newtonian fluid is introduced.We construct the solutions by means of Fourier transform and the discrete Laplace transform of the sequential derivatives and the double finite Fourier transform.The solutions for Newtonian fluid between two infinite parallel plates appear as limiting cases of our solutions.
基金supported,in part,by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant 62272236,62376128 and 62306139the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20201136,BK20191401.
摘要Discriminative region localization and efficient feature encoding are crucial for fine-grained object recognition.However,existing data augmentation methods struggle to accurately locate discriminative regions in complex backgrounds,small target objects,and limited training data,leading to poor recognition.Fine-grained images exhibit“small inter-class differences,”and while second-order feature encoding enhances discrimination,it often requires dual Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),increasing training time and complexity.This study proposes a model integrating discriminative region localization and efficient second-order feature encoding.By ranking feature map channels via a fully connected layer,it selects high-importance channels to generate an enhanced map,accurately locating discriminative regions.Cropping and erasing augmentations further refine recognition.To improve efficiency,a novel second-order feature encoding module generates an attention map from the fourth convolutional group of Residual Network 50 layers(ResNet-50)and multiplies it with features from the fifth group,producing second-order features while reducing dimensionality and training time.Experiments on Caltech-University of California,San Diego Birds-200-2011(CUB-200-2011),Stanford Car,and Fine-Grained Visual Classification of Aircraft(FGVC Aircraft)datasets show state-of-the-art accuracy of 88.9%,94.7%,and 93.3%,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62171401)the Key Project of the Education Department of Hunan Province(Grant No.25A0146)。
摘要This paper presents a second-order memcapacitor(CM)-based FitzHugh–Nagumo(FHN)neuron model designed to emulate multiscale memory mechanisms observed in biological neurons.The memcapacitor incorporates two internal state variables—a fast variable that enables rapid response and a slow variable that enables gradual adaptation—replacing the linear membrane capacitor in the classical FHN circuit to form a four-dimensional neuronal system.The electrical activities of the neuron are systematically investigated using bifurcation diagrams,Lyapunov exponents,and a twoparameter dynamical map.Numerical simulations reveal that variations in excitation frequency and amplitude can induce transitions among chaotic firing,multiperiodic firing,and single-periodic spiking.Furthermore,the model demonstrates pronounced multistability governed by the memcapacitor's initial states,where distinct periodic and chaotic attractors coexist within separate basins of attraction—a direct manifestation of the multiscale memory interaction.By tailoring external stimuli and internal parameters,the neuron successfully reproduces eight quintessential neuromorphic behaviors,including phasic and tonic spiking,mixed-mode oscillations,subthreshold oscillations,inhibition-induced spiking,rebound spikes,bistability,and Class 2 excitability.Finally,an analog FHN circuit integrated with a secondorder memcapacitor emulator is implemented using off-the-shelf electronic components.Circuit simulations demonstrate excellent agreement with numerical analyses,thereby validating both the model's correctness and its physical realizability for neuromorphic engineering applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62105278 and 11674273)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.ZR2023MA015)。
摘要A method for correlating thermal light over a wide spectral range is proposed.A multi-wavelength pseudothermal source,prepared by projecting laser beams of multiple wavelengths(650 nm,635 nm,532 nm,and 473 nm)onto a moving thin ground glass plate,is employed in a double-slit interference experiment.The ground glass plate induces random phase differences between light beams of different wavelengths passing through it.This initial random phase difference significantly influences the high-order intensity correlation functions of multi-wavelength thermal beams.Experimentally,second-order correlated interference patterns,including subwavelength interference,of pseudothermal beams with different wavelengths are observed in the intensity correlation measurements.This method facilitates applications of correlated thermal photons in quantum information processing and quantum imaging.
基金supported by the Open Fund of Laboratory of Aerospace Servo Actuation and Transmission(No.LASAT-2022-A03).
摘要This paper proposes a hybrid sequential second-order cone programming(HSSOCP)method with a three-layer scheme for the entry trajectory optimization of the cross-domain morphing vehicles(CDMVs).By defining the new morphing rate control variable and using relaxation techniques to relax the bank angle constraint,the SOCP-based entry problem is constructed.A dynamic relaxation penal-ization technique is developed in the first layer to overcome artificial infeasibility and significantly enhance initialization robustness.A novel standard oscillation identification(SOI)method is proposed to precisely identify the iteration oscillations of basic SSOCP in the second layer,which can significantly improve the solution accuracy.A soft-trust-region strategy is applied in the third layer to eliminate oscillations and accelerate convergence.Simulation results of two scenarios demonstrate that the proposed SOI method effectively avoids non-standard oscillation interference versus traditional methods.The morphing aircraft can complete tasks better with a 7.01%and 10.43%reduction in heat load respectively compared to fixed-wing aircraft.The HSSOCP method can maintain accuracy while reducing computation time by 63.47%and 73.86%versus VATSSOCP.Monte Carlo simulations further validate the robustness.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22235006 and 22475157)Foundation of Hubei Scientific Committee(Nos.2024 AFA021 and 2024BAB014)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2042025kf0009)。
摘要One of the most significant challenges in commercializing organic second-order nonlinear optical(NLO)materials lies in the inherent trade-off between nonlinearity and stability.A key factor in mitigating this compromise is achieving precise temporal synchronization between the formation of the cross-linked network and the establishment of an optimal non-centrosymmetric alignment of the chromophores.Guided by this principle,we developed a series of NLO polymers incorporating multiple ether chains with low rotational energy barriers,which facilitate molecular reorientation during electric field poling,thereby enhancing the NLO response effectively.Combined with an optimized photocrosslinking strategy,the resulting PX4o/PETMP doped film achieved large macroscopic NLO coefficient of 190 pm·V-1and thermal degradation temperature as high as 120℃.This work offers a universal approach to alleviating the“nonlinearity-stability”trade-off in a wide range of polymeric systems.
摘要The vibration and resonance behavior of steel frame structures are significantly affected by connection flexibility and geometric nonlinearity.Conventional vibration analyses often assume fully rigid beam-column connections and neglect second-order effects,which can lead to inaccurate predictions of natural frequencies and resonance conditions.This study proposes a finite element-based approach for the vibration analysis of planar steel frames with linear and nonlinear semi-rigid connections,explicitly incorporating geometric nonlinearity.Beam-column connections aremodeled using nonlinearmoment-rotation relationships,while elastic and geometric stiffnessmatrices,together with a consistentmassmatrix,are integrated into the governing dynamic equations.Thetime-history response is computed using the Newmark integration scheme.The proposed formulation is validated through benchmark examples and comparisons with published results and commercial finite element software.Numerical results reveal that the combined effects of semi-rigid connections and geometric nonlinearity significantly alter the effective structural stiffness,leading to noticeable variations in natural vibration frequencies.In particular,the fundamental frequency evolves during dynamic response,resulting in resonance shifting and time-dependent resonance behavior.These findings suggest that resonance in steel frames with semi-rigid connections should be regarded as a state-dependent phenomenon rather than a fixed structural property,with important implications for vibration assessment and resonance control in structural design.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.10726063)
摘要We consider an infinite capacity second-order fluid queue with subordinator input and Markovmodulated linear release rate. The fluid queue level is described by a generalized Langevin stochastic differential equation (SDE). Applying infinitesimal generator, we obtain the stationary distribution that satisfies an integro-differential equation. We derive the solution of the SDE and study the transient level's convergence in distribution. When the coefficients of the SDE are constants, we deduce the system transient property.
摘要The fractional calculus approach in the constitutive relationship model of second-order fluid is introduced and the flow characteristics of the viscoelastic fluid in double cylinder rheometer are studied. First, the analytical solution of which the derivative order is 1/2 is derived with the analytical solution and the reliability of Laplace numerical inversion based on Crump algorithm for the problem is verified, then the characteristics of second-order fluid flow in the rheometer by using Crump method is analyzed. The results indicate that the more obvious the viscoelastic properties of fluid are, the more sensitive the dependence of velocity and stress on fractional derivative order is.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52192622)the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province,China(Grant No.2025ZNSFSC0371)the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project(Grant No.SKLGP2022Z018).
摘要Fluid seepage and associated heat transfer within the enhanced geothermal system(EGS)regulate the extraction of heat from hot,low-water-saturation thermal reservoirs,sometimes referred to as hot dry rock(HDR).To understand these complex heat recovery processes,we simulated long-term heat extraction in a surrogate HDR using a true triaxial apparatus.A circulation test was first implemented to analyze the connectivity between different wells.Suitable injection and production wells were then selected for the laboratory heat extraction tests in granite,which lasted 14.5 h.Under variable injection rate conditions,we systematically analyzed the time-varying curves of temperature and flow rate in the production wells and pressure in the injection wells.Our findings showed that the advantage channel was dominant in the flow distribution when several paths existed in EGS.Changes in fracture conductivity are attributed to injection pressure.These included an increase in fracture width and activation of a localized closed area of fracture.These two mechanisms influenced the production temperature,and this is consistent with the field data monitored at the Fenton Hill and Hijiori projects.Fluid leak-off was an important factor affecting the production flow rate.For a fracture with low hydraulic conductivity,a lower injection rate could effectively prevent excessive fluid leak-off.In addition,by comparing injection rates and fluid recovery rates,production wells in different phases or injection modes had different fluid recovery rates even when the injection rates were the same.
摘要The two-dimensional steady flow of an incompressible second-order viscoelastic fluid between two parallel plates was studied in terms of vorticity, the stream function and temperature equations. The governing equations were expanded with respect to a snmll parameter to get the zeroth- and first-order approximate equations. By using the differenl2al quadrature method with only a few grid points, the high-accurate numerical results were obtained.
基金funded by Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.U23A20671)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology(Grant No.2021ZD0034)the Creative Groups of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2021CFA030).
摘要While injection-induced seismicity has been widely studied,its implications for CO2geological storage require reevaluation due to distinct fluid-rock interactions.This study develops a coupled hydromechanical model incorporating rate-and-state friction laws to investigate fault reactivation mechanisms during early-stage CO2injection.The competing effects of pore pressure diffusion and fluid pressurization are systematically investigated,considering three key factors:permeability variations within fault damage zones,normal stress variation coefficients,and injection parameters.Numerical simulations reveal that slower CO2migration causes limited pressure perturbation(<0.3 MPa over 15 d)compared to single-phase fluid injection.Fluid pressurization enhances fault strength and delays reactivation,though this stabilizing effect diminishes in low-permeability damage zones.Highly permeable damage zones promote larger rupture areas despite strengthening from pressurization,as reduced effective stress accelerates failure.Paradoxically,while fluid pressurization increases fault strength,it simultaneously elevates seismic risk through amplified stress drops during slip events.Temporal analysis shows that fluid pressurization dominates initial fault response,while sustained pore pressure diffusion ultimately drives reactivation.Increased normal stress variation coefficients and injection rates accelerate localized rupture initiation but restrict propagation due to non-critically stressed states.This discrepancy demonstrates that regions with positive Coulomb failure stress changes do not correlate well with actual slip zones.These findings highlight the critical interplay between transient pressurization effects and progressive pressure diffusion during early CO2injection phases,providing crucial insights for seismic risk management in CO2storage projects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12104232 and 12074156).
摘要In recent years,the study of higher-order topological states and their material realizations has become a research frontier in topological condensed matter physics.We demonstrate that twisted bilayer graphene with small twist angles behaves as a second-order topological insulator possessing topological corner charges.Using a tight-binding model,we compute the topological band indices and corner states of finite-sized twisted bilayer graphene flakes.It is found that for any small twist angle,whether commensurate or incommensurate,the gaps both below and above the flat bands are associated with nontrivial topological indices.Our results not only extend the concept of second-order band topology to arbitrary small twist angles but also confirm the existence of corner states at acute-angle corners.
基金Project supported by the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars (Grant No 40425015), the Cooperative Project of Chinese Academy Sciences and the China National 0ffshore oil Corporation ("Behaviours of internal waves and their roles on the marine structures") and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No10461005).
摘要This paper studies the random internal wave equations describing the density interface displacements and the velocity potentials of N-layer stratified fluid contained between two rigid walls at the top and bottom. The density interface displacements and the velocity potentials were solved to the second-order by an expansion approach used by Longuet-Higgins (1963) and Dean (1979) in the study of random surface waves and by Song (2004) in the study of second- order random wave solutions for internal waves in a two-layer fluid. The obtained results indicate that the first-order solutions are a linear superposition of many wave components with different amplitudes, wave numbers and frequencies, and that the amplitudes of first-order wave components with the same wave numbers and frequencies between the adjacent density interfaces are modulated by each other. They also show that the second-order solutions consist of two parts: the first one is the first-order solutions, and the second one is the solutions of the second-order asymptotic equations, which describe the second-order nonlinear modification and the second-order wave-wave interactions not only among the wave components on same density interfaces but also among the wave components between the adjacent density interfaces. Both the first-order and second-order solutions depend on the density and depth of each layer. It is also deduced that the results of the present work include those derived by Song (2004) for second-order random wave solutions for internal waves in a two-layer fluid as a particular case.
基金supported by grants from the Key Specialty Construction Project of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission(PWZzk2022-17)the Featured Clinical Discipline Project of Shanghai Pudong District(PWYts2021-06)+2 种基金the Fund from Shanghai East Hospital(DFLC2022019,DFRC2018014 and 2024-DFZD-005DS)Hutchison Research Fund(2025HH-015)the Science and Technology Development Project of Medical and Health of Shandong Province(202010000131 and 202104070065)。
摘要Background:The analysis and prediction of pancreaticobiliary reflux(PBR)play a crucial role in planning surgical interventions for hepato-biliary-pancreatic diseases,considering the uncertain mechanism behind it.However,current practices are limited by fragmented clinical observations,making it challenging to visualize the complex phenomenon in the pancreaticobiliary junction(PBJ)through imaging and radiography experiments.This study aimed to comprehensively describe the retrograde flow characteristics in various PBR scenarios and assess the factors leading to PBR using simulations based on idealized geometry and boundary conditions.Methods:By Cadence Pointwise,we developed a computational fluid dynamics(CFD)model using an idealized PBJ system.Standard parameters such as pressure and viscosity were applied,along with typical assumptions relevant to fluid dynamic modeling.Subsequently,based on the aforementioned basic idealized model,we analyzed 8 hypothetical PBR conditions,covering a range of high(shorter)and low(longer)values or different positions for each specific parameter,at a representative stage of a peristaltic propagation cycle of the Oddi's sphincter.Results:We modeled a two-dimensional PBJ with the propagation of a peristaltic wave.These findings demonstrated that the shortened septum,the extended ampulla,the increased wavelength and enhanced amplitude of the Oddi's sphincterial peristalsis,the widened diameter difference and the increased pressure difference between the common bile duct(CBD)and the main pancreatic duct(MPD),as well as the gravitational effect(position),strongly impacted PBR,while the viscosity of bile and pancreatic juice had a weaker influence.Additionally,an inequality incorporating these risk factors was developed for the evaluation of whether reflux occurs.Conclusions:Numerical simulation can be used to describe the reflux flow field,offering the possibility to visualize and analyze PBR,which has the potential to significantly revolutionize the understanding of PBR and improve clinical decision-making.Future work should focus on bridging the gap between CFD and clinical practice.
基金funded by the Key Science Foundation of Laboratory of Marine Oil&Gas Reservoirs Production,Sinopec(33550000-22-ZC0613-0332).
摘要Microfluidic technology,as an advanced experimental technique at the microscale,demonstrates significant potential for application in oil and gas reservoir development.By constructing microscopic models with varying pore structures and surface chemical properties,this technology can simulate fluid displacement behaviors in different types of reservoirs.Through the modification of fluid properties and displacement conditions in experiments,it allows for the quantitative analysis of fluid distribution characteristics during displacement processes.This provides valuable technical tools for studying the microscopic mechanisms of CO2 flooding,chemical flooding,and other enhanced oil/gas recovery techniques.This paper reviews the unique advantages of microfluidic technology in revealing pore-scale transport behaviors and optimizing development strategies,while also analyzing the current challenges associated with its application.With advancements in materials science and manufacturing technologies,microfluidic technology is expected to play an increasingly prominent role in reservoir development,offering new technical support for the efficient development of oil and gas reservoirs.
基金supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20775025)The National Basic Research Program(No.2007CB216404)as well as PCSIRT.
摘要A rapid,green and highly sensitive excitation-emission matrix(EEM)fluorescence method was proposed for analysis of irinotecan(CPT-11)in biological fluids including human plasma and urine samples of uncalibrated interferences with the aid of second-order advantage.Due to the serious spectral overlapping from biological matrices,the parallel factor analysis(PARAFAC)and the alternating normalization-weighted error(ANWE)have been recommended to perform directly calibration and overcome the problem which makes the traditional fluorospectrophotometer in trouble.Satisfactory results can be achieved.Furthermore,performance of the proposed method was evaluated based on figures of merit and some statistical parameters.The accuracy of both algorithms was validated by the elliptical joint confidence region(EJCR)test.The precision and repeatability were also investigated by the relative standard deviations(RSDs)of intra-day and inter-day.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51476191 and51406008)
摘要The heat transfer of a magnetohydrodynamics nanofluid inside an annulus considering the second-order slip condition and nanoparticle migration is theoret-ically investigated. A second-order slip condition, which appropriately represents the non-equilibrium region near the interface, is prescribed rather than the no-slip condition and the linear Navier slip condition. To impose different temperature gradients, the outer wall is subjected to q2, the inner wall is subjected to q1, and q1 〉 q2. A modified two-component four-equation non-homogeneous equilibrium model is employed for the nanofiuid, which have been reduced to two-point ordinary boundary value differential equations in the consideration of the thermally and hydrodynamically fully developed flow. The homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed to solve the equations, and the h-curves are plotted to verify the accuracy and efficiency of the solutions. Moreover, the effects of the physical factors on the flow and heat transfer are discussed in detail, and the semi-analytical relation between NUB and NBT is obtained.