Dear Editor,With the rapid development of new-generation information and communication technology,the fusion of sensing,communication,computing,and control(S3C)is becoming increasingly significant for cyber-physical s...Dear Editor,With the rapid development of new-generation information and communication technology,the fusion of sensing,communication,computing,and control(S3C)is becoming increasingly significant for cyber-physical systems(CPS).However,due to the non-convexity,the curse of dimensionality,and the partial observability faced by CPS,traditional convex optimization algorithms are challenging to deal with S3C co-optimization.展开更多
The Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)is a novel network architecture that enables flexible deployment across wide areas and provides real-time cross-domain transmission services.Under concurrent and diversified servic...The Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)is a novel network architecture that enables flexible deployment across wide areas and provides real-time cross-domain transmission services.Under concurrent and diversified service demands,AMN operating in isolation faces significant challenges in guaranteeing end-to-end transmission reliability.This has prompted the deep integration of AMN with terrestrial and satellite networks to form heterogeneous networks,which has become a crucial trend in improving the continuity and reliability of AMN services.However,network heterogeneity,dynamic resource distribution,and the absence of a unified reliable transmission mechanism impose severe challenges on multi-domain cooperative scheduling and differentiated-service adaptation.This paper serves as a reference for global scholars engaged in thorough research on heterogeneous integrated AMN.It outlines the fundamental characteristics of AMN,reviews recent advances and challenges in communication-sensing-computation coordination,unified control adaptation,and service reliability assurance,and discusses design concepts and future evolution paths for heterogeneous integrated AMN architectures.展开更多
Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investig...Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investigate the integrated scheduling of communication,sensing,and control for UAV-aided FSO communication systems.Initially,a sensing-control model is established via the control theory.Moreover,an FSO communication channel model is established by considering the effects of atmospheric loss,atmospheric turbulence,geometrical loss,and angle-of-arrival fluctuation.Then,the relationship between the motion control of the UAV and radial displacement is obtained to link the control aspect and communication aspect.Assuming that the base station has instantaneous channel state information(CSI)or statistical CSI,the thresholds of the sensing-control pattern activation are designed,respectively.Finally,an integrated scheduling scheme for performing communication,sensing,and control is proposed.Numerical results indicate that,compared with conventional time-triggered scheme,the proposed integrated scheduling scheme obtains comparable communication and control performance,but reduces the sensing consumed power by 52.46%.展开更多
Road traffic congestion can inevitably de-grade road infrastructure and decrease travel efficiency in urban traffic networks,which can be relieved by employing appropriate congestion control.Accord-ing to different de...Road traffic congestion can inevitably de-grade road infrastructure and decrease travel efficiency in urban traffic networks,which can be relieved by employing appropriate congestion control.Accord-ing to different developmental driving forces,in this paper,the evolution of road traffic congestion control is divided into two stages.The ever-growing num-ber of advanced sensing techniques can be seen as the key driving force of the first stage,called the sens-ing stage,in which congestion control strategies ex-perienced rapid growth owing to the accessibility of traffic data.At the second stage,i.e.,the communica-tion stage,communication and computation capabil-ity can be regarded as the identifying symbols for this stage,where the ability of collecting finer-grained in-sight into transportation and mobility reality improves dramatically with advances in vehicular networks,Big Data,and artificial intelligence.Specifically,as the pre-requisite for congestion control,in this paper,ex-isting congestion detection techniques are first elab-orated and classified.Then,a comprehensive survey of the recent advances for current congestion control strategies with a focus on traffic signal control,vehi-cle route guidance,and their combined techniques is provided.In this regard,the evolution of these strate-gies with continuous development of sensing,com-munication,and computation capability are also intro-duced.Finally,the paper concludes with several re-search challenges and trends to fully promote the in-tegration of advanced techniques for traffic congestion mitigation in transportation systems.展开更多
With the rapid advancements in edge computing and artificial intelligence,federated learning(FL)has gained momentum as a promising approach to collaborative data utilization across organizations and devices,while ensu...With the rapid advancements in edge computing and artificial intelligence,federated learning(FL)has gained momentum as a promising approach to collaborative data utilization across organizations and devices,while ensuring data privacy and information security.In order to further harness the energy efficiency of wireless networks,an integrated sensing,communication and computation(ISCC)framework has been proposed,which is anticipated to be a key enabler in the era of 6G networks.Although the advantages of pushing intelligence to edge devices are multi-fold,some challenges arise when incorporating FL into wireless networks under the umbrella of ISCC.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of FL,with special emphasis on the design and optimization of ISCC.We commence by introducing the background and fundamentals of FL and the ISCC framework.Subsequently,the aforementioned challenges are highlighted and the state of the art in potential solutions is reviewed.Finally,design guidelines are provided for the incorporation of FL and ISCC.Overall,this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of FL in the context of wireless networks,with a focus on the ISCC framework,and provide insights into addressing the challenges and optimizing the design for the integration of FL into future 6G networks.展开更多
In recent years,the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks.Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating c...In recent years,the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks.Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating communication,computing,caching,and control(i4C)technologies.In this survey,we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C,comprising background,motivation,leading technological enablers,potential applications,and use cases.Next,we describe different models of communication,computing,caching,and control(4C)to lay the foundation of the integration approach.We review current stateof-the-art research efforts related to the i4C,focusing on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence(AI)-based integration approaches.We also highlight the need for intelligence in resources integration.Then,we discuss the integration of sensing and communication(ISAC)and classify the integration approaches into various classes.Finally,we propose open challenges and present future research directions for beyond 5G networks,such as 6G.展开更多
A mobile satellite communication system(MSCS)is a device installed on a moving carrier for mobile satellite communication.It can eliminate disturbance and maintain continuous satellite communication when the carrier i...A mobile satellite communication system(MSCS)is a device installed on a moving carrier for mobile satellite communication.It can eliminate disturbance and maintain continuous satellite communication when the carrier is moving.Because of many advantages of mobile satellite communication,the MSCSs are becoming more and more popular in modern mobile communication.In this paper,a typical ship-mounted MSCS is studied.The dynamic model of the system is derived using the generalized Lagrange method both in the joint space and in the workspace.Based on the dynamic model,a nonlinear computed torque controller with trajectory planning is designed to track an aimed satellite with a satisfied transient response.Simulation results in two different situations are presented to show the tracking performance of the controller.展开更多
Task offloading is a potential solution to satisfy the strict requirements of computation-intensive and latency-sensitive vehicular applications due to the limited onboard computing resources.However,the overwhelming ...Task offloading is a potential solution to satisfy the strict requirements of computation-intensive and latency-sensitive vehicular applications due to the limited onboard computing resources.However,the overwhelming upload traffic may lead to unacceptable uploading time.To tackle this issue,for tasks taking environmental data as input,the data perceived by roadside units(RSU)equipped with several sensors can be directly exploited for computation,resulting in a novel task offloading paradigm with integrated communications,sensing and computing(I-CSC).With this paradigm,vehicles can select to upload their sensed data to RSUs or transmit computing instructions to RSUs during the offloading.By optimizing the computation mode and network resources,in this paper,we investigate an I-CSC-based task offloading problem to reduce the cost caused by resource consumption while guaranteeing the latency of each task.Although this nonconvex problem can be handled by the alternating minimization(AM)algorithm that alternatively minimizes the divided four sub-problems,it leads to high computational complexity and local optimal solution.To tackle this challenge,we propose a creative structural knowledge-driven meta-learning(SKDML)method,involving both the model-based AM algorithm and neural networks.Specifically,borrowing the iterative structure of the AM algorithm,also referred to as structural knowledge,the proposed SKDML adopts long short-term memory(LSTM)networkbased meta-learning to learn an adaptive optimizer for updating variables in each sub-problem,instead of the handcrafted counterpart in the AM algorithm.Furthermore,to pull out the solution from the local optimum,our proposed SKDML updates parameters in LSTM with the global loss function.Simulation results demonstrate that our method outperforms both the AM algorithm and the meta-learning without structural knowledge in terms of both the online processing time and the network performance.展开更多
The combination of integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)with mobile edge computing(MEC)enhances the overall safety and efficiency for vehicle to everything(V2X)system.However,existing works have not considered th...The combination of integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)with mobile edge computing(MEC)enhances the overall safety and efficiency for vehicle to everything(V2X)system.However,existing works have not considered the potential impacts on base station(BS)sensing performance when users offload their computational tasks via uplink.This could leave insufficient resources allocated to the sensing tasks,resulting in low sensing performance.To address this issue,we propose a cooperative power,bandwidth and computation resource allocation(RA)scheme in this paper,maximizing the overall utility of Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)for sensing accuracy,computation latency for processing sensing information,and communication and computation latency for computational tasks.To solve the RA problem,a twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)algorithm is adopted to explore and obtain the effective solution of the RA problem.Furthermore,we investigate the performance tradeoff between sensing accuracy and summation of communication latency and computation latency for computational tasks,as well as the relationship between computation latency for processing sensing information and that of computational tasks by numerical simulations.Simulation demonstrates that compared to other benchmark methods,TD3 achieves an average utility improvement of 97.11%and 27.90%in terms of the maximum summation of communication latency and computation latency for computational tasks and improves 3.60 and 1.04 times regarding the maximum computation latency for processing sensing information.展开更多
The rapid expansion of railways,especially High-Speed Railways(HSRs),has drawn considerable interest from both academic and industrial sectors.To meet the future vision of smart rail communications,the rail transport ...The rapid expansion of railways,especially High-Speed Railways(HSRs),has drawn considerable interest from both academic and industrial sectors.To meet the future vision of smart rail communications,the rail transport industry must innovate in key technologies to ensure high-quality transmissions for passengers and railway operations.These systems must function effectively under high mobility conditions while prioritizing safety,ecofriendliness,comfort,transparency,predictability,and reliability.On the other hand,the proposal of 6 G wireless technology introduces new possibilities for innovation in communication technologies,which may truly realize the current vision of HSR.Therefore,this article gives a review of the current advanced 6 G wireless communication technologies for HSR,including random access and switching,channel estimation and beamforming,integrated sensing and communication,and edge computing.The main application scenarios of these technologies are reviewed,as well as their current research status and challenges,followed by an outlook on future development directions.展开更多
THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-...THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-cloud collaborative design.However,the large-scale integration ofdistributed renewable energy resources,coupled with the extensivedeployment of sensing and communication devices,has resulted inthe new-type power system characterized by dynamic complexityand high uncertainty[1]-[4].展开更多
As 6G approaches,the proliferation of large language models(LLMs)and embodied intelligence is driving a paradigm shift from the Internet of Things(IoT)to the Internet of Agents(IoA).However,traditional network archite...As 6G approaches,the proliferation of large language models(LLMs)and embodied intelligence is driving a paradigm shift from the Internet of Things(IoT)to the Internet of Agents(IoA).However,traditional network architectures,designed for content-agnostic data transmission,struggle to accommodate the bursty,reasoning-driven traffic patterns and rigorous multimodal synchronization requirements of autonomous agents.This paper surveys the AI-agent communication network(ACN),aiming to bridge the gap between static network resources and dynamic agent tasks.We analyze the evolution from bit-oriented transmission to agentic syntax protocols,which enable intentbased signaling and semantic compression.Furthermore,we explore mechanisms for multi-agent collaborative consensus and distributed decision-making under the constraints of unstable wireless environments.We critically focus on task-driven dynamic networking,examining how integrated sensing,communication,and computing(ISCC)and network-embedded agents(NEA)facilitate the real-time generation of task graphs and intent-aware traffic scheduling.To synthesize these technologies,we propose a reference framework,the Deep-Agentic Network Architecture(DAN-Arch),which vertically integrates physical-layer sensing with application-layer reasoning flows.Finally,open challenges regarding energy efficiency,cross-domain governance,and 3GPP standardization pathways are discussed to guide future research towards a fully agent-native 6G ecosystem.展开更多
Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)leverage Integrated Sensing and Communications(ISAC)to enhance data exchange between vehicles and infrastructure in the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).This integration inevitably incr...Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)leverage Integrated Sensing and Communications(ISAC)to enhance data exchange between vehicles and infrastructure in the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).This integration inevitably increases computing demands,risking real-time system stability.Vehicle Edge Computing(VEC)addresses this by offloading tasks to Road Side Units(RSUs),ensuring timely services.Our previous work,the FLSimCo algorithm,which uses local resources for federated Self-Supervised Learning(SSL),has a limitation:vehicles often can’t complete all iteration tasks.Our improved algorithm offloads partial tasks to RSUs and optimizes energy consumption by adjusting transmission power,CPU frequency,and task assignment ratios,balancing local and RSU-based training.Meanwhile,setting an offloading threshold further prevents inefficiencies.Simulation results show that the enhanced algorithm reduces energy consumption and improves offloading efficiency and accuracy of federated SSL.展开更多
Internet of Things(IoTs)is a big world of connected objects,including the small and low-resources devices,like sensors,as well as the full-functional computing devices,such as servers and routers in the core network.W...Internet of Things(IoTs)is a big world of connected objects,including the small and low-resources devices,like sensors,as well as the full-functional computing devices,such as servers and routers in the core network.With the emerging of new IoT-based applications,such as smart transportation,smart agriculture,healthcare,and others,there is a need for making great efforts to achieve a balance in using the IoT resources,including Computing,Communication,and Caching.This paper provides an overview of the convergence of Computing,Communication,and Caching(CCC)by covering the IoT technology trends.At first,we give a snapshot of technology trends in communication,computing,and caching.As well,we describe the convergence in sensors,devices,and gateways.Addressing the aspect of convergence,we discuss the relationship between CCC technologies in collecting,indexing,processing,and storing data in IoT.Also,we introduce the three dimensions of the IoTs based on CCC.We explore different existing technologies that help to solve bottlenecks caused by a large number of physical devices in IoT.Finally,we propose future research directions and open problems in the convergence of communication,computing,and cashing with sensing and actuating devices.展开更多
To fully utilize the computational resources in the cooperative control environment and achieve global optimization for connected and automated vehicles,a parallel distributed computing framework is presented by a dec...To fully utilize the computational resources in the cooperative control environment and achieve global optimization for connected and automated vehicles,a parallel distributed computing framework is presented by a decomposition strategy.This strategy converts the original centralized optimization problem into a separable form by introducing a set of auxiliary variables and consensus equality constraints to address the coupling components necessary for collision avoidance.Based on the numerical analysis of communication resource consumption in this distributed framework,an information filtering strategy is further designed to enhance communication efficiency by limiting the transmission of consensus variables.Consequently,the global convergence of this parallel algorithm with filtered information is theoretically analyzed under the assumption that the feasible domain is convex.The communication traffic,cooperative control,numerical optimization performance of the proposed framework and parallel algorithm are validated and assessed through several simulation and experimental tests with the intersection scenario.展开更多
Due to high data rates and reliability,inter-satellite laser communication has developed rapidly in these days.However,the stability of the laser beam pointing is still a key technique which needs to be solved;otherwi...Due to high data rates and reliability,inter-satellite laser communication has developed rapidly in these days.However,the stability of the laser beam pointing is still a key technique which needs to be solved;otherwise,the beam pointing jitter noise would reduce the communication quality or,even worse,would make the inter-satellite laser communication impossible.For this purpose,a bench-top of the fine beam pointing control system has been built and tested for inter-satellite laser communication.The pointing offset of more than 100rad is produced by the steering mirror.With beam pointing control system turned on,the offset could be rapidly suppressed to lower than 100 nrad in less than 0.5 s.Moreover,the pointing stability can be kept at 40 nrad for yaw motion and 62 nrad for pitch motion,when the received beam jitter is set at 20rad.展开更多
Standard machine-learning approaches involve the centralization of training data in a data center,where centralized machine-learning algorithms can be applied for data analysis and inference.However,due to privacy res...Standard machine-learning approaches involve the centralization of training data in a data center,where centralized machine-learning algorithms can be applied for data analysis and inference.However,due to privacy restrictions and limited communication resources in wireless networks,it is often undesirable or impractical for the devices to transmit data to parameter sever.One approach to mitigate these problems is federated learning(FL),which enables the devices to train a common machine learning model without data sharing and transmission.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of FL applications for envisioned sixth generation(6G)wireless networks.In particular,the essential requirements for applying FL to wireless communications are first described.Then potential FL applications in wireless communications are detailed.The main problems and challenges associated with such applications are discussed.Finally,a comprehensive FL implementation for wireless communications is described.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62522320,92267108,62173322)the Science and Technology Program of Liaoning Province(2026JH6/101100030)Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2403062)。
摘要Dear Editor,With the rapid development of new-generation information and communication technology,the fusion of sensing,communication,computing,and control(S3C)is becoming increasingly significant for cyber-physical systems(CPS).However,due to the non-convexity,the curse of dimensionality,and the partial observability faced by CPS,traditional convex optimization algorithms are challenging to deal with S3C co-optimization.
基金supported by the Joint Fund of the Ministry of Education for Equipment Pre-Research of China(No.8091B042222)。
摘要The Airborne Maneuvering Network(AMN)is a novel network architecture that enables flexible deployment across wide areas and provides real-time cross-domain transmission services.Under concurrent and diversified service demands,AMN operating in isolation faces significant challenges in guaranteeing end-to-end transmission reliability.This has prompted the deep integration of AMN with terrestrial and satellite networks to form heterogeneous networks,which has become a crucial trend in improving the continuity and reliability of AMN services.However,network heterogeneity,dynamic resource distribution,and the absence of a unified reliable transmission mechanism impose severe challenges on multi-domain cooperative scheduling and differentiated-service adaptation.This paper serves as a reference for global scholars engaged in thorough research on heterogeneous integrated AMN.It outlines the fundamental characteristics of AMN,reviews recent advances and challenges in communication-sensing-computation coordination,unified control adaptation,and service reliability assurance,and discusses design concepts and future evolution paths for heterogeneous integrated AMN architectures.
摘要Recently,unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)-aided free-space optical(FSO)communication has attracted widespread attentions.However,most of the existing research focuses on communication performance only.The authors investigate the integrated scheduling of communication,sensing,and control for UAV-aided FSO communication systems.Initially,a sensing-control model is established via the control theory.Moreover,an FSO communication channel model is established by considering the effects of atmospheric loss,atmospheric turbulence,geometrical loss,and angle-of-arrival fluctuation.Then,the relationship between the motion control of the UAV and radial displacement is obtained to link the control aspect and communication aspect.Assuming that the base station has instantaneous channel state information(CSI)or statistical CSI,the thresholds of the sensing-control pattern activation are designed,respectively.Finally,an integrated scheduling scheme for performing communication,sensing,and control is proposed.Numerical results indicate that,compared with conventional time-triggered scheme,the proposed integrated scheduling scheme obtains comparable communication and control performance,but reduces the sensing consumed power by 52.46%.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFB1600100)National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(U1801266)the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities.
摘要Road traffic congestion can inevitably de-grade road infrastructure and decrease travel efficiency in urban traffic networks,which can be relieved by employing appropriate congestion control.Accord-ing to different developmental driving forces,in this paper,the evolution of road traffic congestion control is divided into two stages.The ever-growing num-ber of advanced sensing techniques can be seen as the key driving force of the first stage,called the sens-ing stage,in which congestion control strategies ex-perienced rapid growth owing to the accessibility of traffic data.At the second stage,i.e.,the communica-tion stage,communication and computation capabil-ity can be regarded as the identifying symbols for this stage,where the ability of collecting finer-grained in-sight into transportation and mobility reality improves dramatically with advances in vehicular networks,Big Data,and artificial intelligence.Specifically,as the pre-requisite for congestion control,in this paper,ex-isting congestion detection techniques are first elab-orated and classified.Then,a comprehensive survey of the recent advances for current congestion control strategies with a focus on traffic signal control,vehi-cle route guidance,and their combined techniques is provided.In this regard,the evolution of these strate-gies with continuous development of sensing,com-munication,and computation capability are also intro-duced.Finally,the paper concludes with several re-search challenges and trends to fully promote the in-tegration of advanced techniques for traffic congestion mitigation in transportation systems.
摘要With the rapid advancements in edge computing and artificial intelligence,federated learning(FL)has gained momentum as a promising approach to collaborative data utilization across organizations and devices,while ensuring data privacy and information security.In order to further harness the energy efficiency of wireless networks,an integrated sensing,communication and computation(ISCC)framework has been proposed,which is anticipated to be a key enabler in the era of 6G networks.Although the advantages of pushing intelligence to edge devices are multi-fold,some challenges arise when incorporating FL into wireless networks under the umbrella of ISCC.This paper provides a comprehensive survey of FL,with special emphasis on the design and optimization of ISCC.We commence by introducing the background and fundamentals of FL and the ISCC framework.Subsequently,the aforementioned challenges are highlighted and the state of the art in potential solutions is reviewed.Finally,design guidelines are provided for the incorporation of FL and ISCC.Overall,this paper aims to contribute to the understanding of FL in the context of wireless networks,with a focus on the ISCC framework,and provide insights into addressing the challenges and optimizing the design for the integration of FL into future 6G networks.
基金supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China(2019YFE0196400)Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi(2022KWZ09)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(61771358,61901317,62071352)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JB190104)Joint Education Project between China and Central-Eastern European Countries(202005)the 111 Project(B08038)。
摘要In recent years,the exponential proliferation of smart devices with their intelligent applications poses severe challenges on conventional cellular networks.Such challenges can be potentially overcome by integrating communication,computing,caching,and control(i4C)technologies.In this survey,we first give a snapshot of different aspects of the i4C,comprising background,motivation,leading technological enablers,potential applications,and use cases.Next,we describe different models of communication,computing,caching,and control(4C)to lay the foundation of the integration approach.We review current stateof-the-art research efforts related to the i4C,focusing on recent trends of both conventional and artificial intelligence(AI)-based integration approaches.We also highlight the need for intelligence in resources integration.Then,we discuss the integration of sensing and communication(ISAC)and classify the integration approaches into various classes.Finally,we propose open challenges and present future research directions for beyond 5G networks,such as 6G.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61074023 and 60975075)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BK2008404)+1 种基金Science and Technology Pillar Program of Jiangsu Province of China(No.BE2009160)Innovation Project of Graduate Students of Jiangsu Province of China(No.CXZZ 0254)
摘要A mobile satellite communication system(MSCS)is a device installed on a moving carrier for mobile satellite communication.It can eliminate disturbance and maintain continuous satellite communication when the carrier is moving.Because of many advantages of mobile satellite communication,the MSCSs are becoming more and more popular in modern mobile communication.In this paper,a typical ship-mounted MSCS is studied.The dynamic model of the system is derived using the generalized Lagrange method both in the joint space and in the workspace.Based on the dynamic model,a nonlinear computed torque controller with trajectory planning is designed to track an aimed satellite with a satisfied transient response.Simulation results in two different situations are presented to show the tracking performance of the controller.
基金supported in part by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1807700)in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China(62201414)+2 种基金in part by Qinchuangyuan Project(OCYRCXM-2022-362)in part by Science and Technology Project of Guangzhou(2023A04J1741)in part by Chongqing key laboratory of Mobile Communications Technologg(cqupt-mct-202202).
摘要Task offloading is a potential solution to satisfy the strict requirements of computation-intensive and latency-sensitive vehicular applications due to the limited onboard computing resources.However,the overwhelming upload traffic may lead to unacceptable uploading time.To tackle this issue,for tasks taking environmental data as input,the data perceived by roadside units(RSU)equipped with several sensors can be directly exploited for computation,resulting in a novel task offloading paradigm with integrated communications,sensing and computing(I-CSC).With this paradigm,vehicles can select to upload their sensed data to RSUs or transmit computing instructions to RSUs during the offloading.By optimizing the computation mode and network resources,in this paper,we investigate an I-CSC-based task offloading problem to reduce the cost caused by resource consumption while guaranteeing the latency of each task.Although this nonconvex problem can be handled by the alternating minimization(AM)algorithm that alternatively minimizes the divided four sub-problems,it leads to high computational complexity and local optimal solution.To tackle this challenge,we propose a creative structural knowledge-driven meta-learning(SKDML)method,involving both the model-based AM algorithm and neural networks.Specifically,borrowing the iterative structure of the AM algorithm,also referred to as structural knowledge,the proposed SKDML adopts long short-term memory(LSTM)networkbased meta-learning to learn an adaptive optimizer for updating variables in each sub-problem,instead of the handcrafted counterpart in the AM algorithm.Furthermore,to pull out the solution from the local optimum,our proposed SKDML updates parameters in LSTM with the global loss function.Simulation results demonstrate that our method outperforms both the AM algorithm and the meta-learning without structural knowledge in terms of both the online processing time and the network performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62231020)Innovation Capability Support Program of Shaanxi(2024RS-CXTD-01).
摘要The combination of integrated sensing and communication(ISAC)with mobile edge computing(MEC)enhances the overall safety and efficiency for vehicle to everything(V2X)system.However,existing works have not considered the potential impacts on base station(BS)sensing performance when users offload their computational tasks via uplink.This could leave insufficient resources allocated to the sensing tasks,resulting in low sensing performance.To address this issue,we propose a cooperative power,bandwidth and computation resource allocation(RA)scheme in this paper,maximizing the overall utility of Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)for sensing accuracy,computation latency for processing sensing information,and communication and computation latency for computational tasks.To solve the RA problem,a twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient(TD3)algorithm is adopted to explore and obtain the effective solution of the RA problem.Furthermore,we investigate the performance tradeoff between sensing accuracy and summation of communication latency and computation latency for computational tasks,as well as the relationship between computation latency for processing sensing information and that of computational tasks by numerical simulations.Simulation demonstrates that compared to other benchmark methods,TD3 achieves an average utility improvement of 97.11%and 27.90%in terms of the maximum summation of communication latency and computation latency for computational tasks and improves 3.60 and 1.04 times regarding the maximum computation latency for processing sensing information.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2468201,62122012,62221001).
摘要The rapid expansion of railways,especially High-Speed Railways(HSRs),has drawn considerable interest from both academic and industrial sectors.To meet the future vision of smart rail communications,the rail transport industry must innovate in key technologies to ensure high-quality transmissions for passengers and railway operations.These systems must function effectively under high mobility conditions while prioritizing safety,ecofriendliness,comfort,transparency,predictability,and reliability.On the other hand,the proposal of 6 G wireless technology introduces new possibilities for innovation in communication technologies,which may truly realize the current vision of HSR.Therefore,this article gives a review of the current advanced 6 G wireless communication technologies for HSR,including random access and switching,channel estimation and beamforming,integrated sensing and communication,and edge computing.The main application scenarios of these technologies are reviewed,as well as their current research status and challenges,followed by an outlook on future development directions.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62293500,62293505,62233010,62503240)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20250679)。
摘要THE power industrial control system(power ICS)is thecore infrastructure that ensures the safe,stable,and efficient operation of power systems.Its architecture typi-cally adopts a hierarchical and partitioned end-edge-cloud collaborative design.However,the large-scale integration ofdistributed renewable energy resources,coupled with the extensivedeployment of sensing and communication devices,has resulted inthe new-type power system characterized by dynamic complexityand high uncertainty[1]-[4].
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project of China on Mobile Information Networks under Grant No.2025ZD1304700the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant Nos.62301070,62225105 and 62394323+1 种基金funded by the Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications-China Mobile Communications Group Co.,Ltd.Joint Institute,the Research Initiation Project for Introduced Talents of BUPT under Grant No.2025KYQD12the Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunica-tions,under Grant No.NST20250303.
摘要As 6G approaches,the proliferation of large language models(LLMs)and embodied intelligence is driving a paradigm shift from the Internet of Things(IoT)to the Internet of Agents(IoA).However,traditional network architectures,designed for content-agnostic data transmission,struggle to accommodate the bursty,reasoning-driven traffic patterns and rigorous multimodal synchronization requirements of autonomous agents.This paper surveys the AI-agent communication network(ACN),aiming to bridge the gap between static network resources and dynamic agent tasks.We analyze the evolution from bit-oriented transmission to agentic syntax protocols,which enable intentbased signaling and semantic compression.Furthermore,we explore mechanisms for multi-agent collaborative consensus and distributed decision-making under the constraints of unstable wireless environments.We critically focus on task-driven dynamic networking,examining how integrated sensing,communication,and computing(ISCC)and network-embedded agents(NEA)facilitate the real-time generation of task graphs and intent-aware traffic scheduling.To synthesize these technologies,we propose a reference framework,the Deep-Agentic Network Architecture(DAN-Arch),which vertically integrates physical-layer sensing with application-layer reasoning flows.Finally,open challenges regarding energy efficiency,cross-domain governance,and 3GPP standardization pathways are discussed to guide future research towards a fully agent-native 6G ecosystem.
摘要Intelligent Transportation Systems(ITS)leverage Integrated Sensing and Communications(ISAC)to enhance data exchange between vehicles and infrastructure in the Internet of Vehicles(IoV).This integration inevitably increases computing demands,risking real-time system stability.Vehicle Edge Computing(VEC)addresses this by offloading tasks to Road Side Units(RSUs),ensuring timely services.Our previous work,the FLSimCo algorithm,which uses local resources for federated Self-Supervised Learning(SSL),has a limitation:vehicles often can’t complete all iteration tasks.Our improved algorithm offloads partial tasks to RSUs and optimizes energy consumption by adjusting transmission power,CPU frequency,and task assignment ratios,balancing local and RSU-based training.Meanwhile,setting an offloading threshold further prevents inefficiencies.Simulation results show that the enhanced algorithm reduces energy consumption and improves offloading efficiency and accuracy of federated SSL.
摘要Internet of Things(IoTs)is a big world of connected objects,including the small and low-resources devices,like sensors,as well as the full-functional computing devices,such as servers and routers in the core network.With the emerging of new IoT-based applications,such as smart transportation,smart agriculture,healthcare,and others,there is a need for making great efforts to achieve a balance in using the IoT resources,including Computing,Communication,and Caching.This paper provides an overview of the convergence of Computing,Communication,and Caching(CCC)by covering the IoT technology trends.At first,we give a snapshot of technology trends in communication,computing,and caching.As well,we describe the convergence in sensors,devices,and gateways.Addressing the aspect of convergence,we discuss the relationship between CCC technologies in collecting,indexing,processing,and storing data in IoT.Also,we introduce the three dimensions of the IoTs based on CCC.We explore different existing technologies that help to solve bottlenecks caused by a large number of physical devices in IoT.Finally,we propose future research directions and open problems in the convergence of communication,computing,and cashing with sensing and actuating devices.
基金supported by Advanced Power Transmission System Fundamental Theory and Technology(Grant No.T2421001)Science and Technology Innovation Key R&D Program of Chongqing(Grant No.CSTB2023TIAD-STX0028 and CSTB2023TIAD-STX0029).
摘要To fully utilize the computational resources in the cooperative control environment and achieve global optimization for connected and automated vehicles,a parallel distributed computing framework is presented by a decomposition strategy.This strategy converts the original centralized optimization problem into a separable form by introducing a set of auxiliary variables and consensus equality constraints to address the coupling components necessary for collision avoidance.Based on the numerical analysis of communication resource consumption in this distributed framework,an information filtering strategy is further designed to enhance communication efficiency by limiting the transmission of consensus variables.Consequently,the global convergence of this parallel algorithm with filtered information is theoretically analyzed under the assumption that the feasible domain is convex.The communication traffic,cooperative control,numerical optimization performance of the proposed framework and parallel algorithm are validated and assessed through several simulation and experimental tests with the intersection scenario.
基金supported by the Space Science Research Projects in Advance(SSRPA:O930143XM1)the Scientific Equipment Development and Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(SEDRP:Y231411YB1)
摘要Due to high data rates and reliability,inter-satellite laser communication has developed rapidly in these days.However,the stability of the laser beam pointing is still a key technique which needs to be solved;otherwise,the beam pointing jitter noise would reduce the communication quality or,even worse,would make the inter-satellite laser communication impossible.For this purpose,a bench-top of the fine beam pointing control system has been built and tested for inter-satellite laser communication.The pointing offset of more than 100rad is produced by the steering mirror.With beam pointing control system turned on,the offset could be rapidly suppressed to lower than 100 nrad in less than 0.5 s.Moreover,the pointing stability can be kept at 40 nrad for yaw motion and 62 nrad for pitch motion,when the received beam jitter is set at 20rad.
基金This work was supported by research grants from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EPSRC),UK(EP/T015985/1)from US National Science Foundation(CCF-1908308).
摘要Standard machine-learning approaches involve the centralization of training data in a data center,where centralized machine-learning algorithms can be applied for data analysis and inference.However,due to privacy restrictions and limited communication resources in wireless networks,it is often undesirable or impractical for the devices to transmit data to parameter sever.One approach to mitigate these problems is federated learning(FL),which enables the devices to train a common machine learning model without data sharing and transmission.This paper provides a comprehensive overview of FL applications for envisioned sixth generation(6G)wireless networks.In particular,the essential requirements for applying FL to wireless communications are first described.Then potential FL applications in wireless communications are detailed.The main problems and challenges associated with such applications are discussed.Finally,a comprehensive FL implementation for wireless communications is described.