The development of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based composite solid-state electrolytes is severely hindered by slow Li+transport and unstable solid-state electrolyte interphases.This study addresses these challenges...The development of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based composite solid-state electrolytes is severely hindered by slow Li+transport and unstable solid-state electrolyte interphases.This study addresses these challenges by proposing a supramolecular ligand intervention strategy using 18-crown-6 as an additive.Coordination between the large-pore crown ethers and Li+promotes lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide dissociation and increases the free Li+concentration,thereby enhancing ion transport with a high ionic conductivity and an improved Li+transference number.Moreover,this coordination homogenizes the Li+flux,suppressing side reactions and dendrite formation.Consequently,the modified electrolyte significantly enhances the cycling stability of Li||Li cells up to 800 h with a reduced overpotential.Additionally,the Li||NCM811 cells delivered 84.2%capacity retention after 2500 cycles at 10C,and retained 72.5%capacity after 780 cycles even at a high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V at 5C.Structural and interfacial characterizations confirmed the formation of a dense LiF/Li3N-rich SEI layer,which enhances mechanical strength and ionic transport.This study provides a robust modification approach using supramolecular ligands to achieve high-performance solid-state lithium-metal batteries.展开更多
Achieving high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process has long been the goal pursued by advanced manufacturing researc...Achieving high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process has long been the goal pursued by advanced manufacturing research but is rarely explored due to the absence of instructive mechanisms.Here,we revealed a controllable ultrafast laser-induced focal volume light field and experimentally succeeded in highly efficient one-step composite structuring in multiple transparent solids.A pair of spatially coupled twin periodic structures reflecting light distribution in the focal volume are simultaneously created and independently tuned by engineering ultrafast laser-matter interaction.We demonstrated that the generated composite micro-nano structures are applicable to multi-dimensional information integration,nonlinear diffractive elements,and multi-functional optical modulation.This work presents the experimental verification of highly universal all-optical fabrication of composite micro-nano structures with independent controllability in multiple degrees of freedom,expands the current cognition of ultrafast laser-based material modification in transparent solids,and establishes a new scientific aspect of strong-field optics,namely,focal volume optics for composite structuring transparent solids.展开更多
The reduced elastic modulus Er and indentation hardness HIT of various brittle solids including ceramics,semiconductors,glasses,single crystals,and laser material were evaluated using nanoindentation.Various analysis ...The reduced elastic modulus Er and indentation hardness HIT of various brittle solids including ceramics,semiconductors,glasses,single crystals,and laser material were evaluated using nanoindentation.Various analysis procedures were compared such as Oliver&Pharr and nominal hardness-based methods,which require area function of the indenter,and other methods based on energy,displacement,contact depth,and contact stiffness,which do not require calibration of the indenter.Elastic recovery of the imprint by the Knoop indenter was also utilized to evaluate elastic moduli of brittle solids.Expressions relating HIT/Er and dimensionless nanoindentation variables(e.g.,the ratio of elastic work over total work and the ratio of permanent displacement over maximum displacement)are found to be nonlinear rather than linear for brittle solids.The plastic hardness Hp of brittle solids(except traditional glasses)extracted based on Er is found to be proportional to Er√HIT.展开更多
We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation(HHG)of defect-free solids by solving the timedependent Schrodinger equation(TDSE).The results show that the harmonic intensity can be enhanced,harmonic o...We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation(HHG)of defect-free solids by solving the timedependent Schrodinger equation(TDSE).The results show that the harmonic intensity can be enhanced,harmonic order can be extended,and modulation near the cutoff order becomes smaller for the second plateau by increasing the time delay.These effects are due to an increase of the electron population in higher energy bands,where the larger band gap allows electrons to release more energy,and the long electronic paths are suppressed.Additionally,we also investigate the HHG of defective solids by Bohmian trajectories(BT).It is found that the harmonic intensity of the second plateau can be further enhanced.Simultaneously,cutoff order is also extended due to Bohmian particles moving farther away from the defective zone.展开更多
Nickel-rich layered oxides are considered highly promising cathode materials for all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)due to their high theoretical specific capacity and energy density.In this study,a comparison between po...Nickel-rich layered oxides are considered highly promising cathode materials for all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)due to their high theoretical specific capacity and energy density.In this study,a comparison between polycrystalline and single-crystalline cathode materials was conducted.It was found that,during the charging process,ion transport at the interface of polycrystalline cathodes is significantly influenced by phase transitions and side reactions with the electrolyte,resulting in an irreversible increase in impedance after cycling.Furthermore,the structural stability of the cathode material affects internal ion diffusion kinetics,thereby influencing its electrochemical performance.Unlike single-crystalline materials,ion migration in polycrystalline materials must traverse anisotropic grain boundaries,which,due to anisotropic lattice contraction,evolve into intergranular cracks,leading to reduced ion diffusion kinetics and degraded electrochemical performance.In contrast,single-crystalline cathodes exhibit more stable interfacial resistance and uniform ion transport during charging,ensuring structural stability over longterm cycling.Consequently,at a 0.5 C rate,the single-crystalline cathode maintains a specific capacity of143 m Ah/g after 500 cycles,with a capacity retention of 89.2%,while preserving its intact single-crystal morphology.This study provides valuable new insights into the localized lithium-ion transport behavior in single-crystalline and polycrystalline cathode materials for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries.展开更多
Oxygen(O)doping is a promising strategy for enhancing the air stability and lithium metal compatibility of sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs).However,the impact of various O sources on the structure and properties of...Oxygen(O)doping is a promising strategy for enhancing the air stability and lithium metal compatibility of sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs).However,the impact of various O sources on the structure and properties of SSEs remains unclear.In this study,we synthesized a series of O-doped electrolytes,Li5.5PS4.5-xOxCl1.5(LPSCOx,0.1≤x≤0.5),using Li2O and P2O5as O sources,and systematically investigated their differences in structure,air stability,and electrochemical properties.O preferentially substitutes sulfur(S)at the 16e site and begins to replace S at the 4d site once a certain O concentration is reached.Notably,the P2O5-doped electrolytes(P-LPSCOx)exhibit a greater oxygen tolerance content(0.24)at the 16e site,along with better air stability,higher ionic conductivity,and superior lithium metal compatibility.XRD,SEM,and XPS analyses reveal that the P2O5-doped electrolytes exhibit larger cell parameters,higher densification,and fewer side reactions with lithium metal compared to the Li2O-doped counterparts.This study provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance O-doped sulfide electrolytes.展开更多
Designing efficient,stable dual-functional combustion catalysts remains a key challenge in developing next-generation solid propellants,particularly in achieving wide pressure plateau combustion.Herein,we synthesize a...Designing efficient,stable dual-functional combustion catalysts remains a key challenge in developing next-generation solid propellants,particularly in achieving wide pressure plateau combustion.Herein,we synthesize a series of carbon dot-based catalysts(CDs-1,CDs-2,CDs/Cu)via oxidative etching and hydrothermal methods,and employ them to replace conventional carbon black(CB)at 0.65 wt%loading in the preparation of HMX-CMDB propellants.Systematic evaluation through combined thermochemical analysis(50–350℃),laser ignition diagnostics(50–350 W/cm2),and combustion chamber testing(4–18 MPa)reveals remarkable catalytic enhancements.The optimized CDs/Cu catalyst demonstrates multifunctional superiority:(1)7.4℃ reduction in HMX-CMDB decomposition temperature at 10℃/min(from 205.2℃ to 196.0℃);(2)66.7%decrease in laser ignition delay(from 45 ms to 15 ms);(3)190.9%burning rate increase at 4 MPa(from 4.61 mm/s to 13.41 mm/s);(4)lower pressure exponent of 0.02 within 4–18 MPa range.Notably,CDs-1 induces stable"Plateau"combustion(4–14 MPa),while CDs/Cu achieves"Mesa"effects(8–12 MPa)via synergistic thermal feedback mechanisms-both phenomena ensure stable operation of the engine.Mechanistic studies integrate thermochemical kinetics,ignition combustion process,combustion flame structure,and combustion wave temperature distribution trends,which establish a new paradigm for the study of high efficiency combustion catalysts for solid propellants.展开更多
Understanding the complex plasma dynamics in ultra-intense relativistic laser-solid interactions is of fundamental importance for applications of laser-plasma-based particle accelerators,the creation of high-energy-de...Understanding the complex plasma dynamics in ultra-intense relativistic laser-solid interactions is of fundamental importance for applications of laser-plasma-based particle accelerators,the creation of high-energy-density matter,understanding planetary science,and laser-driven fusion energy.However,experimental efforts in this regime have been limited by the lack of accessibility of over-critical densities and the poor spatiotemporal resolution of conventional diagnostics.Over the last decade,the advent of femtosecond brilliant hard X-ray free-electron lasers(XFELs)has opened new horizons to overcome these limitations.Here,for the first time,we present full-scale spatiotemporal measurements of solid-density plasma dynamics,including preplasma generation with tens of nanometer scale length driven by the leading edge of a relativistic laser pulse,ultrafast heating and ionization at the main pulse arrival,the laser-driven blast wave,and transient surface return current-induced compression dynamics up to hundreds of picoseconds after interaction.These observations are enabled by utilizing a novel combination of advanced X-ray diagnostics including small-angle X-ray scattering,resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy,and propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging simultaneously at the European XFEL-HED beamline station.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have long faced limitations due to low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and poor interfacial stability with lithium metal anodes.Here,we present a...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have long faced limitations due to low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and poor interfacial stability with lithium metal anodes.Here,we present a structural engineering strategy to address these challenges through shear-induced crystallization of concentrated PEO-LiTFSI solutions,which self-assemble into flower-like spherulites with radially aligned lamellar crystals.This unique structure creates continuous Li+transport highways through densely packed crystalline domains,achieving a record-high ionic conductivity of 1.70×10-4 S/cm at 25℃ for pristine PEO-based systems.Strategic incorporation of lithium montmorillonite(MMTli,10 wt%)further optimizes the composite electrolyte,balancing high ionic conductivity(1.47×10-4 S/cm)with enhanced electrochemical stability(4.99 V vs.Li+/Li),elevated Li+transference number(0.62),and mechanical robustness.The composite electrolyte enables stable Li plating/stripping over 800 h in symmetric Li||Li cells and powers LiFePO4||Li solid-state batteries with 82%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C under ambient conditions.This work pioneers a scalable processing paradigm for crystalline polymer electrolytes,offering new insights into ion transport mechanisms and validating clay minerals as multifunctional additives for next-generation energy storage systems.展开更多
The catalytic transferred of small molecules into high-value chemical products in green methods are highly perused,and has obtained huge attention.In this field,great progress has been achieved during the past five ye...The catalytic transferred of small molecules into high-value chemical products in green methods are highly perused,and has obtained huge attention.In this field,great progress has been achieved during the past five years.Followed by the roadmap(Chinese Chemical Letters,2019,30,2089-2109)written by us before five years,we think that it should be updated to give more insights in this field.Thus,we write the present roadmap based on the fast changed background.In this roadmap,oxygen and carbon dioxide reduction reactions(including at high temperature),photocatalytic hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction reactions,(photo)electrocatalytic reduction of O2to H2O2and NH3generated from N2 are discussed.The progress and challenges in above catalytic processes are given.We believe this manuscript will give the researchers more suggestions and help them to obtain useful information in this field.展开更多
This study focuses on the synthesis and luminesce nce properties of Ce3+-doped CaSrSiO4 phosphor.Typically,the synthesis of Ce3+luminescent materials requires a reducing atmosphere.In this work,the traditiona...This study focuses on the synthesis and luminesce nce properties of Ce3+-doped CaSrSiO4 phosphor.Typically,the synthesis of Ce3+luminescent materials requires a reducing atmosphere.In this work,the traditional high-temperature solid-phase method was used in air atmosphere with SiC as the reducing material to successfully prepare CaSrSiO4:Ce3+ blue phosphor,and the self-reduction mechanism is discussed.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Rietveld refined XRD,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and the characterization results show that the CaSrSiO4 phase is obtained.The resulting phosphor exhibits exceptional brightness in blue light and remarkable thermal stability,with a ratio of 94% at elevated temperatures(423 K/303 K).The Ca1-xSr1-xSiO4:0.015Ce3+,0.015Li+ phosphors were combined with commercial green and red powders to create a white light-emitting diode(WLED) package with 365 nm chips.This results in a WLED with high performance,featuring a high color rendering index of Ra=95 and a correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5373 K.At the same time,a visible light communication system was produced to test the communication bandwidth.Compared with commercial YAG:Ce3+ phosphor and BAM:Eu2+ phosphor,the bandwidth is increased by 40.9% and 1092.3%,respectively.展开更多
Halide solid electrolytes(SEs)show high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with cathode active materials,providing long-life all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLIBs).Liquid-phase synthesis technology is a...Halide solid electrolytes(SEs)show high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with cathode active materials,providing long-life all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLIBs).Liquid-phase synthesis technology is a feasible option for the large-scale manufacturing of halide SEs.However,no leading liquid-phase synthesis method for halide SEs has been developed because of a limited understanding of the solvent effect on the formation of halide SEs.Herein,a scalable and universal liquid-phase synthesis method for halide SEs using organic solvents is reported.The Li₃₋ₓYCl₆₋ₓ SEs synthesized via pyridine transform trigonal structure to metastable orthorhombic structure as the Li concentration decreases,forming a highly pure orthorhombic phase with an ionic conductivity of 1.3×10⁻⁴S cm⁻¹ at 25℃ in the composition of x=1.Spectroscopic analysis indicates that pyridine acts as a reducing ligand,stabilizing the orthorhombic Li₂YCl₅by modulating the valence state of yttrium ions.Additionally,the developed synthesis method is extended to the synthesis of bromide SEs with high ionic conductivity.ASSLIBs using LiNi₀.₈Co₀.₁Mn₀.₁O₂-Li₂YCl₅ cathode composites demonstrate good cycling stability for 100 cycles.The liquid-phase synthesis technology reported here opens opportunities for the practical manufacturing of halide-based ASSLIBs.展开更多
1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regul...1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regulate a wide spectrum of behaviors from electrochemical reactivity and colloidal stability to energy transduction and information signaling[1-5].Despite their central importance across chemistry,materials science,and physics,experimental insight into EDLs has been largely shaped by a narrow subset of interfaces,those involving electrically conductive solids[6-9].Classical EDL models,originating from the Helmholtz[10].展开更多
Long-life pavement has been introduced to address the urgent need for durable and reliable transportation infrastructure.This review overviews the development of aggregates for long-life pavements and summarizes futur...Long-life pavement has been introduced to address the urgent need for durable and reliable transportation infrastructure.This review overviews the development of aggregates for long-life pavements and summarizes future research directions.The review indicates that natural aggregates,being non-renewable resources,are steadily declining in availability and may need to meet future demands.Construction solid waste aggregates are rapidly developing,with fine separation of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)and reinforcement of cementbased recycled aggregates serving as key strategies to enhance their application.Industry solid waste aggregates possess properties suitable for long-life pavements and offer additional functionalities such as cooling,conductivity,and reflectivity,demonstrating significant development potential.While artificial aggregates exhibit superior performance,their large-scale application requires consideration of economic and environmental impacts.Current aggregate evaluation methods need to address the needs of long-life pavements.Aggregate performance requirements should be graded based on mechanical stress and temperature distribution,with corresponding evaluation methods and indices developed.Evaluating the mechanical properties of aggregates should align more closely with actual stress states.Tests such as triaxial,repeated load,and wheel abrasion polishing are better suited for assessing the strength and durability of long-life pavement aggregates.Similarly,evaluating aggregates'physicochemical properties should be based on studies correlating these properties with road performance,with proposed evaluation criteria.Morphological characteristics of aggregates significantly influence asphalt mixture performance,and efficient evaluation of their profile,angularity,and texture will be a key focus of future research.展开更多
With high theoretical capacity and low cost,bismuth sulfide(Bi2S3)demonstrates considerable potential as an anode for sodium/potassium‐ion batteries(SIBs/PIBs).Unfortunately,significant volume variation,low ele...With high theoretical capacity and low cost,bismuth sulfide(Bi2S3)demonstrates considerable potential as an anode for sodium/potassium‐ion batteries(SIBs/PIBs).Unfortunately,significant volume variation,low electrical conductivity,and dissolution of polysulfides drastically weaken their intrinsic merits.Herein,we fabricate a Bi2S3‐SPAN composite by confining Bi2S3nanoparticles within a sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)nanofiber matrix.In this architecture,the confinement effect of SPAN inhibits the aggregation of Bi2S3nanoparticles and alleviates the volume expansion during charge and discharge.Critically,the“solid-solid”conversion mechanism significantly suppresses the“dissolution-shuttle”effect of polysulfides.These merits ensure that Bi2S3‐SPAN anode presents prominent sodium/potassium storage performance across a broad temperature range(−15℃ to-50℃),demonstrating its environmental adaptability.Especially,in SIBs,Bi2S3‐SPAN anode harvests capacities of 259 mAh g−1(90.9%retention)over 770 cycles and 537 mAh g−1(85.2%retention)over 230 cycles at 0.5 A g−1under −15℃ and 50℃,respectively.The full cells also achieve excellent electrochemical performances.Notably,Bi2S3‐SPAN‐450||NVP pouch cell delivers a stable capacity of 183 mAh after 300 cycles at 0.2 A g−1.This work is expected to offer inspiration for relieving volume expansion and the“dissolution-shuttle”effect of polysulfides in metal sulfide electrode materials for advanced SIBs/PIBs.展开更多
Background:The development of relevant and robust large animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma is needed to test new therapeutic strategies for this disease.Transgenic approaches hold promise in addressing this com...Background:The development of relevant and robust large animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma is needed to test new therapeutic strategies for this disease.Transgenic approaches hold promise in addressing this complex problem.One such model,the Oncopig,has been reported to develop tumors of up to 4 cm in diameter within 7-14 days at sites of in situ vector inoculation.However,the resulting lesions reportedly contained an extensive inflammatory component that has not been evaluated in detail.Methods:Herein,we describe our results from multiparametric characterization of the lesions generated using liver biopsy cores incubated in vector solution and re-placed in the tissue.The study consisted of 3 animals in 3 cohorts(total of 9 animals)that were evaluated at 14,21,and 28 days.CT imaging,immunohistochemistry,multiplex immunofluorescence,and comprehensive blood analyses were used to quantify composition of the hepatic masses that developed following AdCre inoculation.Results:The tumors were hypovascular on CT and predominantly composed of CD45+cells with a strong lymphohistiocytic component,with no carcinomas identified.Ki-67 staining showed proliferation of CD45+immune cells but no neoplastic component.To provide further insight,the results are evaluated in the context of tumor growth kinetics.Conclusion:While progress has been made in generating targetable lesions,achieving a robust large animal model of liver cancer that faithfully recapitulates the human disease remains a challenging goal.展开更多
Loess is the primary material used for engineering construction on the Chinese Loess Plateau.To address environmental issues posed by solid waste and the poor engineering properties of loess,solid waste materials from...Loess is the primary material used for engineering construction on the Chinese Loess Plateau.To address environmental issues posed by solid waste and the poor engineering properties of loess,solid waste materials from power plants were utilized to enhance loess,thereby achieving comprehensive resource utilization.In this study,the utilization of solid waste materials to improve loess is examined,and their properties,microstructure,and stabilization mechanism at different maintenance times are investigated.First,orthogonal tests were conducted on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of loess specimens containing cement,fly ash,and solid waste material A to derive the optimal composite proportioning scheme.Subsequently,a series of mechanical,hydraulic,and durability tests was conducted on the cured loess to evaluate the effect of the composites on the loess.The results showed that fly ash-based composites effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of loess during compression,bestowing the loess with enhanced impermeability and durability.The UCS of the improved loess specimens reached 8.25 MPa after 28 d of maintenance,while the permeability coefficient decreased to 1.01×10⁻⁸cm/s.The strength loss index of the specimens was 95.02%after 96 freeze–thaw cycles.Finally,microscopy tests were conducted to reveal the physical and chemical mechanisms by which the composites improved the loess.The composites produced numerous new gels that fill the internal pores of the loess and strengthen the connections between soil particles,resulting in a denser and more stable internal structure.The proposed methodology utilizes solid waste materials from power plants,such as fly ash,as amendment materials for secondary use and in situ abatement of loess,thereby offering environmental and economic benefits.展开更多
Bergenin(BG),a bioactive coumarin derivative,suffers from poor solubility and low oral bioavailability,restricting its clinical potential.To overcome these limitations,we developed a lipid prodrug strategy by conjugat...Bergenin(BG),a bioactive coumarin derivative,suffers from poor solubility and low oral bioavailability,restricting its clinical potential.To overcome these limitations,we developed a lipid prodrug strategy by conjugating BG with bioactive fatty acids of different chain lengths(6C,12C,18C)via ester bonds,formulating the conjugates into solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs),and systematically investigating the structure-activity relationship.Fatty acid conjugation not only enhanced lipophilicity,lipid matrix compatibility,and enzymatic stability but also imparted distinct biological effects that shaped oral absorption.Stearic acids(18C)conferred strong resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis,whereas lauric acid(12C)offered the most favorable balance in improving drug loading,stability,and membrane permeability.Pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated that 12C-BG SLNs achieved the greatest enhancement in oral bioavailability,with an 8.6-fold increase over BG-SLNs and more than 40-fold improvement relative to reported suspensions and phospholipid solid dispersions.Mechanistic studies indicated that absorption was primarily driven by prodrug monomers released during intestinal lipolysis,with a minor contribution from undigested nanoparticles,and moreover the fatty acid chain length strongly influenced cellular permeability and systemic exposure.Collectively,these results underscore the critical role of bioactive fatty acids as conjugating groups in modulating prodrug fate and highlight a promising platform for enhancing the oral delivery of poorly soluble phytochemicals.展开更多
The unprecedented success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of nucleic acidbased therapeutics,particularlyin oncology.Decades of foundational research on mRNA design,deliver...The unprecedented success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of nucleic acidbased therapeutics,particularlyin oncology.Decades of foundational research on mRNA design,delivery,and immunogenicity have laid the groundwork for the application of mRNA vaccines in cancer treatment.Herein,we summarize the key principles of synthetic mRNA engineering,including the optimization of structural elements,nucleoside modification,and codon usage to improve stability,enhance translation efficiency,and modulate immune responses.We highlight diverse antigen strategies,including tumorassociated antigens;neoantigens;and novel sources,such as cryptic antigens,aberrant splicing variants,and transposable element-derived antigens.We discuss delivery platforms,particularly lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)and dendritic cell-based systems,in the context of improving mRNA biodistribution and immune activation.We further examine how mRNA vaccines stimulate antitumor responses by encoding antigens,modulating the tumor microenvironment,and supporting adoptive T cell therapies.We review preclinical and clinical advances in combining mRNA vaccine with immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors(e.g.,melanoma,pancreatic cancer,and glioblastoma)and hematologic malignancies(e.g.,acute myeloid leukemia,myelodysplastic syndrome,and multiple myeloma).Finally,we explore emerging innovations,such as targeted LNP platforms for in vivo chimeric antigen receptor T/T cell receptor T engineering and artificial intelligence-assisted vaccine design,underscoring the transformative potential of mRNA technology in cancer immunotherapy.展开更多
The development of high-performance solid electrolytes is pivotal for advancing solid-state battery technologies.In this work,we design an oxysulfide-based solid electrolyte Na MgPO3S by combining bond valence theo...The development of high-performance solid electrolytes is pivotal for advancing solid-state battery technologies.In this work,we design an oxysulfide-based solid electrolyte Na MgPO3S by combining bond valence theory and density functional theory calculations.The material features a wide band gap of 4.0 eV and a considerable reduced Na+migration barrier of 0.44 eV,a 1.26-eV decrease compared to pristine Na MgPO4(~1.70 eV).Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations further reveal significantly enhanced ionic conductivity in the oxysulfide-based system compared to the pristine oxide structure.In addition,the calculated decomposition energy indicates that the modified material exhibits good moisture stability.Our findings suggest that sulfur-doping strategy can simultaneously achieve improved ionic conductivity and high moisture stability in oxide solid electrolytes,which could pave the way for designing high-performance solid electrolytes.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFF0500600)the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.52325206)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2001220,52203298,523B2022)the Shenzhen Technical Plan Project(Grant Nos.RCJC20200714114436091,JCYJ20220530143012027,JCYJ20220818101003008,JCYJ20220818101003007)Energy Revolution S&T Program of Yulin Innovation Institute of Clean Energy(Grant No.E511060817)the Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School-Shenzhen Pengrui Young Faculty Program of Shenzhen Pengrui Foundation(Grant No.SZPR2023006).
摘要The development of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based composite solid-state electrolytes is severely hindered by slow Li+transport and unstable solid-state electrolyte interphases.This study addresses these challenges by proposing a supramolecular ligand intervention strategy using 18-crown-6 as an additive.Coordination between the large-pore crown ethers and Li+promotes lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide dissociation and increases the free Li+concentration,thereby enhancing ion transport with a high ionic conductivity and an improved Li+transference number.Moreover,this coordination homogenizes the Li+flux,suppressing side reactions and dendrite formation.Consequently,the modified electrolyte significantly enhances the cycling stability of Li||Li cells up to 800 h with a reduced overpotential.Additionally,the Li||NCM811 cells delivered 84.2%capacity retention after 2500 cycles at 10C,and retained 72.5%capacity after 780 cycles even at a high cut-off voltage of 4.5 V at 5C.Structural and interfacial characterizations confirmed the formation of a dense LiF/Li3N-rich SEI layer,which enhances mechanical strength and ionic transport.This study provides a robust modification approach using supramolecular ligands to achieve high-performance solid-state lithium-metal batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB2802001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12304349,U20A20211,62275233)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZB20230628,GZC20241465)。
摘要Achieving high-level integration of composite micro-nano structures with different structural characteristics through a minimalist and universal process has long been the goal pursued by advanced manufacturing research but is rarely explored due to the absence of instructive mechanisms.Here,we revealed a controllable ultrafast laser-induced focal volume light field and experimentally succeeded in highly efficient one-step composite structuring in multiple transparent solids.A pair of spatially coupled twin periodic structures reflecting light distribution in the focal volume are simultaneously created and independently tuned by engineering ultrafast laser-matter interaction.We demonstrated that the generated composite micro-nano structures are applicable to multi-dimensional information integration,nonlinear diffractive elements,and multi-functional optical modulation.This work presents the experimental verification of highly universal all-optical fabrication of composite micro-nano structures with independent controllability in multiple degrees of freedom,expands the current cognition of ultrafast laser-based material modification in transparent solids,and establishes a new scientific aspect of strong-field optics,namely,focal volume optics for composite structuring transparent solids.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51705082)Fujian Provincial Minjiang Scholar Program (Grant No.0020-510759)+1 种基金Qishan Sholar program in Fuzhou University (Grant No.0020-650289)Fuzhou University Testing Fund of precious apparatus (Grant No.2023T018).
摘要The reduced elastic modulus Er and indentation hardness HIT of various brittle solids including ceramics,semiconductors,glasses,single crystals,and laser material were evaluated using nanoindentation.Various analysis procedures were compared such as Oliver&Pharr and nominal hardness-based methods,which require area function of the indenter,and other methods based on energy,displacement,contact depth,and contact stiffness,which do not require calibration of the indenter.Elastic recovery of the imprint by the Knoop indenter was also utilized to evaluate elastic moduli of brittle solids.Expressions relating HIT/Er and dimensionless nanoindentation variables(e.g.,the ratio of elastic work over total work and the ratio of permanent displacement over maximum displacement)are found to be nonlinear rather than linear for brittle solids.The plastic hardness Hp of brittle solids(except traditional glasses)extracted based on Er is found to be proportional to Er√HIT.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province of China(Grant No.20230101014JC)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.2572021BC05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12374265)。
摘要We theoretically investigate the high-order harmonic generation(HHG)of defect-free solids by solving the timedependent Schrodinger equation(TDSE).The results show that the harmonic intensity can be enhanced,harmonic order can be extended,and modulation near the cutoff order becomes smaller for the second plateau by increasing the time delay.These effects are due to an increase of the electron population in higher energy bands,where the larger band gap allows electrons to release more energy,and the long electronic paths are suppressed.Additionally,we also investigate the HHG of defective solids by Bohmian trajectories(BT).It is found that the harmonic intensity of the second plateau can be further enhanced.Simultaneously,cutoff order is also extended due to Bohmian particles moving farther away from the defective zone.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51902347)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of Central South University(No.2022ZZTS0439)。
摘要Nickel-rich layered oxides are considered highly promising cathode materials for all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)due to their high theoretical specific capacity and energy density.In this study,a comparison between polycrystalline and single-crystalline cathode materials was conducted.It was found that,during the charging process,ion transport at the interface of polycrystalline cathodes is significantly influenced by phase transitions and side reactions with the electrolyte,resulting in an irreversible increase in impedance after cycling.Furthermore,the structural stability of the cathode material affects internal ion diffusion kinetics,thereby influencing its electrochemical performance.Unlike single-crystalline materials,ion migration in polycrystalline materials must traverse anisotropic grain boundaries,which,due to anisotropic lattice contraction,evolve into intergranular cracks,leading to reduced ion diffusion kinetics and degraded electrochemical performance.In contrast,single-crystalline cathodes exhibit more stable interfacial resistance and uniform ion transport during charging,ensuring structural stability over longterm cycling.Consequently,at a 0.5 C rate,the single-crystalline cathode maintains a specific capacity of143 m Ah/g after 500 cycles,with a capacity retention of 89.2%,while preserving its intact single-crystal morphology.This study provides valuable new insights into the localized lithium-ion transport behavior in single-crystalline and polycrystalline cathode materials for sulfide-based all-solid-state batteries.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52377208).
摘要Oxygen(O)doping is a promising strategy for enhancing the air stability and lithium metal compatibility of sulfide solid electrolytes(SSEs).However,the impact of various O sources on the structure and properties of SSEs remains unclear.In this study,we synthesized a series of O-doped electrolytes,Li5.5PS4.5-xOxCl1.5(LPSCOx,0.1≤x≤0.5),using Li2O and P2O5as O sources,and systematically investigated their differences in structure,air stability,and electrochemical properties.O preferentially substitutes sulfur(S)at the 16e site and begins to replace S at the 4d site once a certain O concentration is reached.Notably,the P2O5-doped electrolytes(P-LPSCOx)exhibit a greater oxygen tolerance content(0.24)at the 16e site,along with better air stability,higher ionic conductivity,and superior lithium metal compatibility.XRD,SEM,and XPS analyses reveal that the P2O5-doped electrolytes exhibit larger cell parameters,higher densification,and fewer side reactions with lithium metal compared to the Li2O-doped counterparts.This study provides valuable insights into the development of high-performance O-doped sulfide electrolytes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22205178).
摘要Designing efficient,stable dual-functional combustion catalysts remains a key challenge in developing next-generation solid propellants,particularly in achieving wide pressure plateau combustion.Herein,we synthesize a series of carbon dot-based catalysts(CDs-1,CDs-2,CDs/Cu)via oxidative etching and hydrothermal methods,and employ them to replace conventional carbon black(CB)at 0.65 wt%loading in the preparation of HMX-CMDB propellants.Systematic evaluation through combined thermochemical analysis(50–350℃),laser ignition diagnostics(50–350 W/cm2),and combustion chamber testing(4–18 MPa)reveals remarkable catalytic enhancements.The optimized CDs/Cu catalyst demonstrates multifunctional superiority:(1)7.4℃ reduction in HMX-CMDB decomposition temperature at 10℃/min(from 205.2℃ to 196.0℃);(2)66.7%decrease in laser ignition delay(from 45 ms to 15 ms);(3)190.9%burning rate increase at 4 MPa(from 4.61 mm/s to 13.41 mm/s);(4)lower pressure exponent of 0.02 within 4–18 MPa range.Notably,CDs-1 induces stable"Plateau"combustion(4–14 MPa),while CDs/Cu achieves"Mesa"effects(8–12 MPa)via synergistic thermal feedback mechanisms-both phenomena ensure stable operation of the engine.Mechanistic studies integrate thermochemical kinetics,ignition combustion process,combustion flame structure,and combustion wave temperature distribution trends,which establish a new paradigm for the study of high efficiency combustion catalysts for solid propellants.
基金funding from Grant No. HIDSS-0002 DASHH (Data Science in Hamburg-Helmholtz Graduate School for the Structure of Matter)partially supported by the Helmholtz Imaging platform through the project “Smart Phase.”
摘要Understanding the complex plasma dynamics in ultra-intense relativistic laser-solid interactions is of fundamental importance for applications of laser-plasma-based particle accelerators,the creation of high-energy-density matter,understanding planetary science,and laser-driven fusion energy.However,experimental efforts in this regime have been limited by the lack of accessibility of over-critical densities and the poor spatiotemporal resolution of conventional diagnostics.Over the last decade,the advent of femtosecond brilliant hard X-ray free-electron lasers(XFELs)has opened new horizons to overcome these limitations.Here,for the first time,we present full-scale spatiotemporal measurements of solid-density plasma dynamics,including preplasma generation with tens of nanometer scale length driven by the leading edge of a relativistic laser pulse,ultrafast heating and ionization at the main pulse arrival,the laser-driven blast wave,and transient surface return current-induced compression dynamics up to hundreds of picoseconds after interaction.These observations are enabled by utilizing a novel combination of advanced X-ray diagnostics including small-angle X-ray scattering,resonant X-ray emission spectroscopy,and propagation-based X-ray phase-contrast imaging simultaneously at the European XFEL-HED beamline station.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42272044)the High-performance Computing Platform of China University of Geosciences Beijing。
摘要Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have long faced limitations due to low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and poor interfacial stability with lithium metal anodes.Here,we present a structural engineering strategy to address these challenges through shear-induced crystallization of concentrated PEO-LiTFSI solutions,which self-assemble into flower-like spherulites with radially aligned lamellar crystals.This unique structure creates continuous Li+transport highways through densely packed crystalline domains,achieving a record-high ionic conductivity of 1.70×10-4 S/cm at 25℃ for pristine PEO-based systems.Strategic incorporation of lithium montmorillonite(MMTli,10 wt%)further optimizes the composite electrolyte,balancing high ionic conductivity(1.47×10-4 S/cm)with enhanced electrochemical stability(4.99 V vs.Li+/Li),elevated Li+transference number(0.62),and mechanical robustness.The composite electrolyte enables stable Li plating/stripping over 800 h in symmetric Li||Li cells and powers LiFePO4||Li solid-state batteries with 82%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C under ambient conditions.This work pioneers a scalable processing paradigm for crystalline polymer electrolytes,offering new insights into ion transport mechanisms and validating clay minerals as multifunctional additives for next-generation energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22268003,22102095,52204320,U20A20246 and 12275199,U22A20418,22075196,21972110,52202208)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2023YFA1507903,2022YFB3803600,2022YFB4002501)+9 种基金SINOPEC(Beijing)Research Institute of Chemical Industry Co.,Ltd.(No.223239)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.CCNU22JC017)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(No.2021M692535)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2022JQ-095)the Basic Research Project Foundation of Xi’an Jiaotong University(No.xzy012024012)the Youth Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment(No.EIPE2131)the Russian Science Foundation(No.22-13-00035)the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the framework of a State Assignment of the Ioffe Institute,Russian Academy of Sciences(No.FFUG-2024-0036)Yunnan Fundamental Research Projects(No.202305AF150116)the Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2022-050)。
摘要The catalytic transferred of small molecules into high-value chemical products in green methods are highly perused,and has obtained huge attention.In this field,great progress has been achieved during the past five years.Followed by the roadmap(Chinese Chemical Letters,2019,30,2089-2109)written by us before five years,we think that it should be updated to give more insights in this field.Thus,we write the present roadmap based on the fast changed background.In this roadmap,oxygen and carbon dioxide reduction reactions(including at high temperature),photocatalytic hydrogen generation and carbon dioxide reduction reactions,(photo)electrocatalytic reduction of O2to H2O2and NH3generated from N2 are discussed.The progress and challenges in above catalytic processes are given.We believe this manuscript will give the researchers more suggestions and help them to obtain useful information in this field.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A2008)
摘要This study focuses on the synthesis and luminesce nce properties of Ce3+-doped CaSrSiO4 phosphor.Typically,the synthesis of Ce3+luminescent materials requires a reducing atmosphere.In this work,the traditional high-temperature solid-phase method was used in air atmosphere with SiC as the reducing material to successfully prepare CaSrSiO4:Ce3+ blue phosphor,and the self-reduction mechanism is discussed.The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Rietveld refined XRD,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and the characterization results show that the CaSrSiO4 phase is obtained.The resulting phosphor exhibits exceptional brightness in blue light and remarkable thermal stability,with a ratio of 94% at elevated temperatures(423 K/303 K).The Ca1-xSr1-xSiO4:0.015Ce3+,0.015Li+ phosphors were combined with commercial green and red powders to create a white light-emitting diode(WLED) package with 365 nm chips.This results in a WLED with high performance,featuring a high color rendering index of Ra=95 and a correlated color temperature(CCT) of 5373 K.At the same time,a visible light communication system was produced to test the communication bandwidth.Compared with commercial YAG:Ce3+ phosphor and BAM:Eu2+ phosphor,the bandwidth is increased by 40.9% and 1092.3%,respectively.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 25K18098.
摘要Halide solid electrolytes(SEs)show high ionic conductivity and good compatibility with cathode active materials,providing long-life all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASSLIBs).Liquid-phase synthesis technology is a feasible option for the large-scale manufacturing of halide SEs.However,no leading liquid-phase synthesis method for halide SEs has been developed because of a limited understanding of the solvent effect on the formation of halide SEs.Herein,a scalable and universal liquid-phase synthesis method for halide SEs using organic solvents is reported.The Li₃₋ₓYCl₆₋ₓ SEs synthesized via pyridine transform trigonal structure to metastable orthorhombic structure as the Li concentration decreases,forming a highly pure orthorhombic phase with an ionic conductivity of 1.3×10⁻⁴S cm⁻¹ at 25℃ in the composition of x=1.Spectroscopic analysis indicates that pyridine acts as a reducing ligand,stabilizing the orthorhombic Li₂YCl₅by modulating the valence state of yttrium ions.Additionally,the developed synthesis method is extended to the synthesis of bromide SEs with high ionic conductivity.ASSLIBs using LiNi₀.₈Co₀.₁Mn₀.₁O₂-Li₂YCl₅ cathode composites demonstrate good cycling stability for 100 cycles.The liquid-phase synthesis technology reported here opens opportunities for the practical manufacturing of halide-based ASSLIBs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.22479016)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M781041).
摘要1|Introduction Electrical double layers(EDLs)are fundamental to solid-liquid interfacial phenomena,orchestrating charge compensation,ionic ordering,and solvent reorganization.Through these coupled processes,EDLs regulate a wide spectrum of behaviors from electrochemical reactivity and colloidal stability to energy transduction and information signaling[1-5].Despite their central importance across chemistry,materials science,and physics,experimental insight into EDLs has been largely shaped by a narrow subset of interfaces,those involving electrically conductive solids[6-9].Classical EDL models,originating from the Helmholtz[10].
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52178420,52408476)Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Transportation Construction Investment Group Co.,Ltd.(202410)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(GZC20242207)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(HIT.DZJJ.2023086).
摘要Long-life pavement has been introduced to address the urgent need for durable and reliable transportation infrastructure.This review overviews the development of aggregates for long-life pavements and summarizes future research directions.The review indicates that natural aggregates,being non-renewable resources,are steadily declining in availability and may need to meet future demands.Construction solid waste aggregates are rapidly developing,with fine separation of reclaimed asphalt pavement(RAP)and reinforcement of cementbased recycled aggregates serving as key strategies to enhance their application.Industry solid waste aggregates possess properties suitable for long-life pavements and offer additional functionalities such as cooling,conductivity,and reflectivity,demonstrating significant development potential.While artificial aggregates exhibit superior performance,their large-scale application requires consideration of economic and environmental impacts.Current aggregate evaluation methods need to address the needs of long-life pavements.Aggregate performance requirements should be graded based on mechanical stress and temperature distribution,with corresponding evaluation methods and indices developed.Evaluating the mechanical properties of aggregates should align more closely with actual stress states.Tests such as triaxial,repeated load,and wheel abrasion polishing are better suited for assessing the strength and durability of long-life pavement aggregates.Similarly,evaluating aggregates'physicochemical properties should be based on studies correlating these properties with road performance,with proposed evaluation criteria.Morphological characteristics of aggregates significantly influence asphalt mixture performance,and efficient evaluation of their profile,angularity,and texture will be a key focus of future research.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22479026,51502036,and 21875037)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2023YFC3906300)+1 种基金the Young Top Talent of Fujian Young Eagle Programthe Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant Nos.2023J02013 and 2023YZ038001).
摘要With high theoretical capacity and low cost,bismuth sulfide(Bi2S3)demonstrates considerable potential as an anode for sodium/potassium‐ion batteries(SIBs/PIBs).Unfortunately,significant volume variation,low electrical conductivity,and dissolution of polysulfides drastically weaken their intrinsic merits.Herein,we fabricate a Bi2S3‐SPAN composite by confining Bi2S3nanoparticles within a sulfurized polyacrylonitrile(SPAN)nanofiber matrix.In this architecture,the confinement effect of SPAN inhibits the aggregation of Bi2S3nanoparticles and alleviates the volume expansion during charge and discharge.Critically,the“solid-solid”conversion mechanism significantly suppresses the“dissolution-shuttle”effect of polysulfides.These merits ensure that Bi2S3‐SPAN anode presents prominent sodium/potassium storage performance across a broad temperature range(−15℃ to-50℃),demonstrating its environmental adaptability.Especially,in SIBs,Bi2S3‐SPAN anode harvests capacities of 259 mAh g−1(90.9%retention)over 770 cycles and 537 mAh g−1(85.2%retention)over 230 cycles at 0.5 A g−1under −15℃ and 50℃,respectively.The full cells also achieve excellent electrochemical performances.Notably,Bi2S3‐SPAN‐450||NVP pouch cell delivers a stable capacity of 183 mAh after 300 cycles at 0.2 A g−1.This work is expected to offer inspiration for relieving volume expansion and the“dissolution-shuttle”effect of polysulfides in metal sulfide electrode materials for advanced SIBs/PIBs.
基金Institutional Research Grant,MD Anderson Cancer CenterUPWARDS Training Program(Undergraduate Students Working Towards Research in Science),Grant/Award Number:1R25CA240137-01A1the CPRIT Research Training Award CPRIT Training Program,Grant/Award Number:RP210028。
摘要Background:The development of relevant and robust large animal models of hepatocellular carcinoma is needed to test new therapeutic strategies for this disease.Transgenic approaches hold promise in addressing this complex problem.One such model,the Oncopig,has been reported to develop tumors of up to 4 cm in diameter within 7-14 days at sites of in situ vector inoculation.However,the resulting lesions reportedly contained an extensive inflammatory component that has not been evaluated in detail.Methods:Herein,we describe our results from multiparametric characterization of the lesions generated using liver biopsy cores incubated in vector solution and re-placed in the tissue.The study consisted of 3 animals in 3 cohorts(total of 9 animals)that were evaluated at 14,21,and 28 days.CT imaging,immunohistochemistry,multiplex immunofluorescence,and comprehensive blood analyses were used to quantify composition of the hepatic masses that developed following AdCre inoculation.Results:The tumors were hypovascular on CT and predominantly composed of CD45+cells with a strong lymphohistiocytic component,with no carcinomas identified.Ki-67 staining showed proliferation of CD45+immune cells but no neoplastic component.To provide further insight,the results are evaluated in the context of tumor growth kinetics.Conclusion:While progress has been made in generating targetable lesions,achieving a robust large animal model of liver cancer that faithfully recapitulates the human disease remains a challenging goal.
基金financially supported by the Chengdu University of Technology Postgraduate Innovative Cultivation Program(Grant No.10800-000510-01-022)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3003205)the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Independent Research Project(Grant No.SKLGP2023Z026).
摘要Loess is the primary material used for engineering construction on the Chinese Loess Plateau.To address environmental issues posed by solid waste and the poor engineering properties of loess,solid waste materials from power plants were utilized to enhance loess,thereby achieving comprehensive resource utilization.In this study,the utilization of solid waste materials to improve loess is examined,and their properties,microstructure,and stabilization mechanism at different maintenance times are investigated.First,orthogonal tests were conducted on the unconfined compressive strength(UCS)of loess specimens containing cement,fly ash,and solid waste material A to derive the optimal composite proportioning scheme.Subsequently,a series of mechanical,hydraulic,and durability tests was conducted on the cured loess to evaluate the effect of the composites on the loess.The results showed that fly ash-based composites effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of loess during compression,bestowing the loess with enhanced impermeability and durability.The UCS of the improved loess specimens reached 8.25 MPa after 28 d of maintenance,while the permeability coefficient decreased to 1.01×10⁻⁸cm/s.The strength loss index of the specimens was 95.02%after 96 freeze–thaw cycles.Finally,microscopy tests were conducted to reveal the physical and chemical mechanisms by which the composites improved the loess.The composites produced numerous new gels that fill the internal pores of the loess and strengthen the connections between soil particles,resulting in a denser and more stable internal structure.The proposed methodology utilizes solid waste materials from power plants,such as fly ash,as amendment materials for secondary use and in situ abatement of loess,thereby offering environmental and economic benefits.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province(No.2024-ZJ-911)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82104082)。
摘要Bergenin(BG),a bioactive coumarin derivative,suffers from poor solubility and low oral bioavailability,restricting its clinical potential.To overcome these limitations,we developed a lipid prodrug strategy by conjugating BG with bioactive fatty acids of different chain lengths(6C,12C,18C)via ester bonds,formulating the conjugates into solid lipid nanoparticles(SLNs),and systematically investigating the structure-activity relationship.Fatty acid conjugation not only enhanced lipophilicity,lipid matrix compatibility,and enzymatic stability but also imparted distinct biological effects that shaped oral absorption.Stearic acids(18C)conferred strong resistance to enzymatic hydrolysis,whereas lauric acid(12C)offered the most favorable balance in improving drug loading,stability,and membrane permeability.Pharmacokinetic studies in rats demonstrated that 12C-BG SLNs achieved the greatest enhancement in oral bioavailability,with an 8.6-fold increase over BG-SLNs and more than 40-fold improvement relative to reported suspensions and phospholipid solid dispersions.Mechanistic studies indicated that absorption was primarily driven by prodrug monomers released during intestinal lipolysis,with a minor contribution from undigested nanoparticles,and moreover the fatty acid chain length strongly influenced cellular permeability and systemic exposure.Collectively,these results underscore the critical role of bioactive fatty acids as conjugating groups in modulating prodrug fate and highlight a promising platform for enhancing the oral delivery of poorly soluble phytochemicals.
基金supported by the State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics,the Double First-Class Project(No.WF510162602)from the Ministry of Educationthe Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation(111 Project,No.B17029)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82230006 and 82300169)the Innovative Research Team of Highlevel Local Universities in Shanghai and CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2021-I2M-5-010)the Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Cell Therapy(No.23J41900100).
摘要The unprecedented success of mRNA vaccines during the COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of nucleic acidbased therapeutics,particularlyin oncology.Decades of foundational research on mRNA design,delivery,and immunogenicity have laid the groundwork for the application of mRNA vaccines in cancer treatment.Herein,we summarize the key principles of synthetic mRNA engineering,including the optimization of structural elements,nucleoside modification,and codon usage to improve stability,enhance translation efficiency,and modulate immune responses.We highlight diverse antigen strategies,including tumorassociated antigens;neoantigens;and novel sources,such as cryptic antigens,aberrant splicing variants,and transposable element-derived antigens.We discuss delivery platforms,particularly lipid nanoparticles(LNPs)and dendritic cell-based systems,in the context of improving mRNA biodistribution and immune activation.We further examine how mRNA vaccines stimulate antitumor responses by encoding antigens,modulating the tumor microenvironment,and supporting adoptive T cell therapies.We review preclinical and clinical advances in combining mRNA vaccine with immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of solid tumors(e.g.,melanoma,pancreatic cancer,and glioblastoma)and hematologic malignancies(e.g.,acute myeloid leukemia,myelodysplastic syndrome,and multiple myeloma).Finally,we explore emerging innovations,such as targeted LNP platforms for in vivo chimeric antigen receptor T/T cell receptor T engineering and artificial intelligence-assisted vaccine design,underscoring the transformative potential of mRNA technology in cancer immunotherapy.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22473010,22303114,and 12474372)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Jilin University,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.SQ2023YFB2805600)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant No.Z210004)the Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications(Grant No.IPOC2021ZT01)Beijing Nova Program from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.20230484433)Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Excellent Ph.D.Students Foundation(Grant No.CX20241078)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Undergraduate Program)(Grant No.QY24218)。
摘要The development of high-performance solid electrolytes is pivotal for advancing solid-state battery technologies.In this work,we design an oxysulfide-based solid electrolyte Na MgPO3S by combining bond valence theory and density functional theory calculations.The material features a wide band gap of 4.0 eV and a considerable reduced Na+migration barrier of 0.44 eV,a 1.26-eV decrease compared to pristine Na MgPO4(~1.70 eV).Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations further reveal significantly enhanced ionic conductivity in the oxysulfide-based system compared to the pristine oxide structure.In addition,the calculated decomposition energy indicates that the modified material exhibits good moisture stability.Our findings suggest that sulfur-doping strategy can simultaneously achieve improved ionic conductivity and high moisture stability in oxide solid electrolytes,which could pave the way for designing high-performance solid electrolytes.