Traffic flow prediction is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Accurate multi-step traffic flow prediction plays an important role in improving the operational efficiency of the traffic network...Traffic flow prediction is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Accurate multi-step traffic flow prediction plays an important role in improving the operational efficiency of the traffic network. Since traffic flow data has complex spatio-temporal correlation and non-linearity, existing prediction methods are mainly accomplished through a combination of a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and a recurrent neural network. The combination strategy has an excellent performance in traffic prediction tasks. However, multi-step prediction error accumulates with the predicted step size. Some scholars use multiple sampling sequences to achieve more accurate prediction results. But it requires high hardware conditions and multiplied training time. Considering the spatiotemporal correlation of traffic flow and influence of external factors, we propose an Attention Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network considering External Factors (ABSTGCN-EF) for multi-step traffic flow prediction. This model models the traffic flow as diffusion on a digraph and extracts the spatial characteristics of traffic flow through GCN. We add meaningful time-slots attention to the encoder-decoder to form an Attention Encoder Network (AEN) to handle temporal correlation. The attention vector is used as a competitive choice to draw the correlation between predicted states and historical states. We considered the impact of three external factors (daytime, weekdays, and traffic accident markers) on the traffic flow prediction tasks. Experiments on two public data sets show that it makes sense to consider external factors. The prediction performance of our ABSTGCN-EF model achieves 7.2%–8.7% higher than the state-of-the-art baselines.展开更多
Using skeletal information to model and recognize human actions is currently a hot research subject in the realm of Human Action Recognition(HAR).Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)have gained popularity in this discipl...Using skeletal information to model and recognize human actions is currently a hot research subject in the realm of Human Action Recognition(HAR).Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)have gained popularity in this discipline due to their capacity to efficiently process graph-structured data.However,it is challenging for current models to handle distant dependencies that commonly exist between human skeleton nodes,which hinders the development of algorithms in related fields.To solve these problems,the Lightweight Multiscale Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network(LMSTGCN)is proposed.Firstly,the Lightweight Multiscale Spatial Graph Convolutional Network(LMSGCN)is constructed to capture the information in various hierarchies,and multiple inner connections between skeleton joints are captured by dividing the input features into a number of subsets along the channel direction.Secondly,the dilated convolution is incorporated into the temporal convolution to construct Lightweight Multiscale Temporal Convolutional Network(LMTCN),which allows to obtain a wider receptive field while keeping the size of the convolution kernel unchanged.Thirdly,the Spatio-Temporal Location Attention(STLAtt)module is used to identify the most informative joints in the sequence of skeletal information at a specific frame,hence improving the model’s ability to extract features and recognize actions.Finally,multi-stream data fusion input structure is used to enhance the input data and expand the feature information.Experiments on three public datasets illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed network.展开更多
Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel graph neural network, namely modularized graph convolution network(MGCN), to address the underexplored issue in graph convolution networks(GCNs), wherein the weights for neighb...Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel graph neural network, namely modularized graph convolution network(MGCN), to address the underexplored issue in graph convolution networks(GCNs), wherein the weights for neighbor aggregation are fixed, leading to the limited capability of capturing diverse relationships among nodes for representation learning. Conventional GCNs always learn node representations in the graph according to the weights computed from the graph Laplacian, consequently overlooking the similarity and group cohesiveness of node features.展开更多
Traffic holographic perception refers to the real-time,high-fidelity,and multi-dimensional sensing of traffic states through the fusion of heterogeneous sensors,including cameras,radars,and connected vehicle data.The ...Traffic holographic perception refers to the real-time,high-fidelity,and multi-dimensional sensing of traffic states through the fusion of heterogeneous sensors,including cameras,radars,and connected vehicle data.The multi-source perception data obtained thereby can provide a complete digital representation of the road network for the Intelligent Transportation System(ITS).However,sensors are vulnerable to environmental interference,which can result in data loss at specific points or along arterial highways for certain periods,potentially undermining system safety and decision-making reliability.To address these challenges,a deep learning method based on Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)is proposed,leveraging Artificial Intelligence(AI)and intelligent connected technologies for real-time acquisition of multi-sensor perception data.A feature-level fusion integrates multi-source perception data.GCN captures spatial dependencies from the road network topology,while GRU extracts temporal features from time series,enabling accurate imputation of missing traffic data.The method is evaluated at intelligent connected intersections in the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Area.Results show that the accuracy of long-term traffic state completion reaches 89.36%,and the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)is reduced by 17.2%compared to the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)baseline.This framework provides a practical solution for deploying traffic holographic perception technology in secure and trustworthy ITS.展开更多
Dear Editor,D2This letter presents a node feature similarity preserving graph convolutional framework P G.Graph neural networks(GNNs)have garnered significant attention for their efficacy in learning graph representat...Dear Editor,D2This letter presents a node feature similarity preserving graph convolutional framework P G.Graph neural networks(GNNs)have garnered significant attention for their efficacy in learning graph representations across diverse real-world applications.展开更多
The ability to accurately predict urban traffic flows is crucial for optimising city operations.Consequently,various methods for forecasting urban traffic have been developed,focusing on analysing historical data to u...The ability to accurately predict urban traffic flows is crucial for optimising city operations.Consequently,various methods for forecasting urban traffic have been developed,focusing on analysing historical data to understand complex mobility patterns.Deep learning techniques,such as graph neural networks(GNNs),are popular for their ability to capture spatio-temporal dependencies.However,these models often become overly complex due to the large number of hyper-parameters involved.In this study,we introduce Dynamic Multi-Graph Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Ordinary Differential Equation Networks(DMST-GNODE),a framework based on ordinary differential equations(ODEs)that autonomously discovers effective spatial-temporal graph neural network(STGNN)architectures for traffic prediction tasks.The comparative analysis of DMST-GNODE and baseline models indicates that DMST-GNODE model demonstrates superior performance across multiple datasets,consistently achieving the lowest Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and Mean Absolute Error(MAE)values,alongside the highest accuracy.On the BKK(Bangkok)dataset,it outperformed other models with an RMSE of 3.3165 and an accuracy of 0.9367 for a 20-min interval,maintaining this trend across 40 and 60 min.Similarly,on the PeMS08 dataset,DMST-GNODE achieved the best performance with an RMSE of 19.4863 and an accuracy of 0.9377 at 20 min,demonstrating its effectiveness over longer periods.The Los_Loop dataset results further emphasise this model’s advantage,with an RMSE of 3.3422 and an accuracy of 0.7643 at 20 min,consistently maintaining superiority across all time intervals.These numerical highlights indicate that DMST-GNODE not only outperforms baseline models but also achieves higher accuracy and lower errors across different time intervals and datasets.展开更多
This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that simultaneously captures the strong periodicity and irregular meteorological fluctuations inherent in solar radiation time series.Existing approaches typically def...This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that simultaneously captures the strong periodicity and irregular meteorological fluctuations inherent in solar radiation time series.Existing approaches typically define inter-regional correlations using either simple correlation coefficients or distance-based measures when applying spatio-temporal graph neural networks(STGNNs).However,such definitions are prone to generating spurious correlations due to the dominance of periodic structures.To address this limitation,we adopt the Elastic-Band Transform(EBT)to decompose solar radiation into periodic and amplitude-modulated components,which are then modeled independently with separate graph neural networks.The periodic component,characterized by strong nationwide correlations,is learned with a relatively simple architecture,whereas the amplitude-modulated component is modeled with more complex STGNNs that capture climatological similarities between regions.The predictions from the two components are subsequently recombined to yield final forecasts that integrate both periodic patterns and aperiodic variability.The proposed framework is validated with multiple STGNN architectures,and experimental results demonstrate improved predictive accuracy and interpretability compared to conventional methods.展开更多
With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and data-driven modeling,deep learning has become an effective tool for analyzing scientific discovery such as predicting material behaviors.Graphene-reinforced co...With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and data-driven modeling,deep learning has become an effective tool for analyzing scientific discovery such as predicting material behaviors.Graphene-reinforced copper-based composites,which exhibit excellent mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties,have attracted extensive attention in advanced engineering applications;however,accurate prediction of their stress-strain behavior still relies heavily on computationally expensive molecular dynamics simulations or experiments.In this work,we propose a Graph-based Spatio-Temporal Attention Network,termed GraphSTAN,for stress-strain behavior prediction of copper-based composites.Specifically,atomic-scale initial microstructures are encoded as graphs and integrated with static physical parameters.A topology-aware spatio-temporal feature interaction mechanism is introduced to effectively couple structural representations with stress-strain time-series dynamics,enabling accurate prediction of full stress-strain evolution.Moreover,a multi-features dataset is constructed based on LAMMPS molecular dynamics simulations,consisting of 596 independent simulation samples corresponding to distinct combinations of microstructural configurations,loading conditions,and stress-strain time series.Experimental results demonstrate that GraphSTAN effectively predicts full stress-strain curves and achieves the higher performance of R2,MAE and RMSE for yield strength and Young’s modulus,respectively,significantly outperforming baseline methods.展开更多
A dynamic graph(DG)is adopted to portray the evolving interplay between nodes in real-world scenarios prevalently.A high-order graph convolutional network(HGCN)is equipped with the ability to represent a DG by the spa...A dynamic graph(DG)is adopted to portray the evolving interplay between nodes in real-world scenarios prevalently.A high-order graph convolutional network(HGCN)is equipped with the ability to represent a DG by the spatial-temporal message passing mechanism built on tensor product.Concretely,an HGCN utilizes the discrete Fourier transform(DFT)to implement temporal message passing and then employs face-wise product to realize spatial message passing.However,DFT is only a special case of assorted time-frequency transforms,which considers the complex temporal patterns partially,thereby resulting in an inaccurate temporal message passing possibly.To address this issue,this study proposes six advanced time-frequency transform-incorporated HGCNs(TF-HGCNs)with discrete Fourier,discrete Hartley,discrete cosine,Haar wavelet,Walsh Hadamard,and slant transforms.In addition,a potent ensemble is built regarding the proposed six TF-HGCNs as the bases.Finally,the corresponding theoretical proof is presented.Empirical studies on six DG datasets demonstrate that owing to diverse time-frequency transforms,the proposed six TF-HGCNs significantly outperform state-of-the-art models in addressing the task of link weight estimation.Moreover,their ensemble outstrips each base's performance.展开更多
With network attack technology continuing to develop,traditional anomaly traffic detection methods that rely on feature engineering are increasingly insufficient in efficiency and accuracy.Graph Neural Network(GNN),a ...With network attack technology continuing to develop,traditional anomaly traffic detection methods that rely on feature engineering are increasingly insufficient in efficiency and accuracy.Graph Neural Network(GNN),a promising Deep Learning(DL)approach,has proven to be highly effective in identifying intricate patterns in graph⁃structured data and has already found wide applications in the field of network security.In this paper,we propose a hybrid Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)⁃GraphSAGE model for Anomaly Traffic Detection,namely HGS⁃ATD,which aims to improve the accuracy of anomaly traffic detection by leveraging edge feature learning to better capture the relationships between network entities.We validate the HGS⁃ATD model on four publicly available datasets,including NF⁃UNSW⁃NB15⁃v2.The experimental results show that the enhanced hybrid model is 5.71%to 10.25%higher than the baseline model in terms of accuracy,and the F1⁃score is 5.53%to 11.63%higher than the baseline model,proving that the model can effectively distinguish normal traffic from attack traffic and accurately classify various types of attacks.展开更多
Transformers have been widely applied to hyperspectral image classification,leveraging their self-attention mechanism for powerful global modelling.However,two key challenges remain as follows:excessive memory and com...Transformers have been widely applied to hyperspectral image classification,leveraging their self-attention mechanism for powerful global modelling.However,two key challenges remain as follows:excessive memory and computational costs from calculating correlations between all tokens(especially as image size or spectral bands increase)and limited ability to model local boundary information due to lacking explicit enhancement mechanisms.This paper proposes a novel method,bridge transformer network fused with deep graph convolution(BTDGC),to address these issues.The framework includes three components as follows:a double random masking mechanism(DRMM)that forces the model to infer masked features from context during training,a bridge transformer(BT)module with bridge tokens for cross-region feature interaction and a Deep Graph Convolutional Pooling(DGCP)module that preserves spatial topology while aggregating hierarchical information.Experiments on standard hyperspectral datasets show BTDGC outperforms mainstream methods in classification accuracy and robustness,effectively balancing global modelling and local boundary representation.The code is available at http://gffzz188fe103f8f1460asbcu6cb50wqpn6un5.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/jenny3489/BTDGC.展开更多
Long-term traffic flow prediction is a crucial component of intelligent transportation systems within intelligent networks,requiring predictive models that balance accuracy with low-latency and lightweight computation...Long-term traffic flow prediction is a crucial component of intelligent transportation systems within intelligent networks,requiring predictive models that balance accuracy with low-latency and lightweight computation to optimize trafficmanagement and enhance urban mobility and sustainability.However,traditional predictivemodels struggle to capture long-term temporal dependencies and are computationally intensive,limiting their practicality in real-time.Moreover,many approaches overlook the periodic characteristics inherent in traffic data,further impacting performance.To address these challenges,we introduce ST-MambaGCN,a State-Space-Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolution Network.Unlike conventionalmodels,ST-MambaGCN replaces the temporal attention layer withMamba,a state-space model that efficiently captures long-term dependencies with near-linear computational complexity.The model combines Chebyshev polynomial-based graph convolutional networks(GCN)to explore spatial correlations.Additionally,we incorporate a multi-temporal feature capture mechanism,where the final integrated features are generated through the Hadamard product based on learnable parameters.This mechanism explicitly models shortterm,daily,and weekly traffic patterns to enhance the network’s awareness of traffic periodicity.Extensive experiments on the PeMS04 and PeMS08 datasets demonstrate that ST-MambaGCN significantly outperforms existing benchmarks,offering substantial improvements in both prediction accuracy and computational efficiency for long-term traffic flow prediction.展开更多
Accurate traffic flow prediction has a profound impact on modern traffic management. Traffic flow has complex spatial-temporal correlations and periodicity, which poses difficulties for precise prediction. To address ...Accurate traffic flow prediction has a profound impact on modern traffic management. Traffic flow has complex spatial-temporal correlations and periodicity, which poses difficulties for precise prediction. To address this problem, a Multi-head Self-attention and Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (MSSTGCN) for multiscale traffic flow prediction is proposed. Firstly, to capture the hidden traffic periodicity of traffic flow, traffic flow is divided into three kinds of periods, including hourly, daily, and weekly data. Secondly, a graph attention residual layer is constructed to learn the global spatial features across regions. Local spatial-temporal dependence is captured by using a T-GCN module. Thirdly, a transformer layer is introduced to learn the long-term dependence in time. A position embedding mechanism is introduced to label position information for all traffic sequences. Thus, this multi-head self-attention mechanism can recognize the sequence order and allocate weights for different time nodes. Experimental results on four real-world datasets show that the MSSTGCN performs better than the baseline methods and can be successfully adapted to traffic prediction tasks.展开更多
In recent years,gait-based emotion recognition has been widely applied in the field of computer vision.However,existing gait emotion recognition methods typically rely on complete human skeleton data,and their accurac...In recent years,gait-based emotion recognition has been widely applied in the field of computer vision.However,existing gait emotion recognition methods typically rely on complete human skeleton data,and their accuracy significantly declines when the data is occluded.To enhance the accuracy of gait emotion recognition under occlusion,this paper proposes a Multi-scale Suppression Graph ConvolutionalNetwork(MS-GCN).TheMS-GCN consists of three main components:Joint Interpolation Module(JI Moudle),Multi-scale Temporal Convolution Network(MS-TCN),and Suppression Graph Convolutional Network(SGCN).The JI Module completes the spatially occluded skeletal joints using the(K-Nearest Neighbors)KNN interpolation method.The MS-TCN employs convolutional kernels of various sizes to comprehensively capture the emotional information embedded in the gait,compensating for the temporal occlusion of gait information.The SGCN extracts more non-prominent human gait features by suppressing the extraction of key body part features,thereby reducing the negative impact of occlusion on emotion recognition results.The proposed method is evaluated on two comprehensive datasets:Emotion-Gait,containing 4227 real gaits from sources like BML,ICT-Pollick,and ELMD,and 1000 synthetic gaits generated using STEP-Gen technology,and ELMB,consisting of 3924 gaits,with 1835 labeled with emotions such as“Happy,”“Sad,”“Angry,”and“Neutral.”On the standard datasets Emotion-Gait and ELMB,the proposed method achieved accuracies of 0.900 and 0.896,respectively,attaining performance comparable to other state-ofthe-artmethods.Furthermore,on occlusion datasets,the proposedmethod significantly mitigates the performance degradation caused by occlusion compared to other methods,the accuracy is significantly higher than that of other methods.展开更多
Container-based virtualization technology has been more widely used in edge computing environments recently due to its advantages of lighter resource occupation, faster startup capability, and better resource utilizat...Container-based virtualization technology has been more widely used in edge computing environments recently due to its advantages of lighter resource occupation, faster startup capability, and better resource utilization efficiency. To meet the diverse needs of tasks, it usually needs to instantiate multiple network functions in the form of containers interconnect various generated containers to build a Container Cluster(CC). Then CCs will be deployed on edge service nodes with relatively limited resources. However, the increasingly complex and timevarying nature of tasks brings great challenges to optimal placement of CC. This paper regards the charges for various resources occupied by providing services as revenue, the service efficiency and energy consumption as cost, thus formulates a Mixed Integer Programming(MIP) model to describe the optimal placement of CC on edge service nodes. Furthermore, an Actor-Critic based Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL) incorporating Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN) framework named as RL-GCN is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The framework obtains an optimal placement strategy through self-learning according to the requirements and objectives of the placement of CC. Particularly, through the introduction of GCN, the features of the association relationship between multiple containers in CCs can be effectively extracted to improve the quality of placement.The experiment results show that under different scales of service nodes and task requests, the proposed method can obtain the improved system performance in terms of placement error ratio, time efficiency of solution output and cumulative system revenue compared with other representative baseline methods.展开更多
Self-powered neutron detectors(SPNDs)play a critical role in monitoring the safety margins and overall health of reactors,directly affecting safe operation within the reactor.In this work,a novel fault identification ...Self-powered neutron detectors(SPNDs)play a critical role in monitoring the safety margins and overall health of reactors,directly affecting safe operation within the reactor.In this work,a novel fault identification method based on graph convolutional networks(GCN)and Stacking ensemble learning is proposed for SPNDs.The GCN is employed to extract the spatial neighborhood information of SPNDs at different positions,and residuals are obtained by nonlinear fitting of SPND signals.In order to completely extract the time-varying features from residual sequences,the Stacking fusion model,integrated with various algorithms,is developed and enables the identification of five conditions for SPNDs:normal,drift,bias,precision degradation,and complete failure.The results demonstrate that the integration of diverse base-learners in the GCN-Stacking model exhibits advantages over a single model as well as enhances the stability and reliability in fault identification.Additionally,the GCN-Stacking model maintains higher accuracy in identifying faults at different reactor power levels.展开更多
Machine learning models have made significant advances in the establishment of structure-property relationships.However,it is still a challenge to predict the mechanical properties of the adhesive interface due to the...Machine learning models have made significant advances in the establishment of structure-property relationships.However,it is still a challenge to predict the mechanical properties of the adhesive interface due to the complexity and randomness of the polymer topologies.In this paper,we employed a graph convolutional network(GCN)model to predict the mechanical properties of a specific cross-linked polymer interfacial system,including yield strength(σy),ultimate strength(σu),failure strain(εu),and fracture toughness(Γ)utilizing molecular dynamics simulations.The results showed that the adopted GCN model can predict the mechanical properties with over 88%accuracy.Furthermore,the prediction performances for εu and σu are better than those for Γ and σy,with R2~0.73 for εu,R2~0.64 for σu,R2~0.51 for Γ,and R2~0.43 for σy.It is worth noting that the GCN model with the sum aggregator slightly outperforms that with the mean aggregator,and that models with linear regression and fully connected neural network regression provide similar predictions.The influence of input node features on prediction performance was also investigated.It was observed that the node closeness centrality is an important graph parameter in prediction.Specifically,node closeness centrality presents a more significant influence on the global mechanical properties of the adhesive interface,such as εu,σu,and Γ.Additionally,sensitivity analysis demonstrated that appropriate hyperparameters can improve computational efficiency without losing accuracy on a restricted set of data.This paper demonstrated the capacity of the GCN model to predict the mechanical properties of the adhesive interface with diverse topologies and provided a possible pathway for improving the mechanical properties of the adhesive interface by tailoring polymer structures in the future.展开更多
We investigate the ferromagnetic q-state Potts model on spherical Fibonacci graphs.These graphs are constructed by embedding quasi-uniform sites on a sphere and defining interactions via a chord-distance cutoff chosen...We investigate the ferromagnetic q-state Potts model on spherical Fibonacci graphs.These graphs are constructed by embedding quasi-uniform sites on a sphere and defining interactions via a chord-distance cutoff chosen so as to yield a network approximating four-neighbor connectivity.By combining Swendsen-Wang cluster Monte Carlo simulations with graph convolutional networks(GCNs),which operate directly on the adjacency structure and node spins,we develop a unified phase-classification framework applicable to both regular planar lattices and curved,irregular spherical graphs.Benchmarks on planar lattices demonstrate an efficient transfer strategy:after a fixed binarization of Potts spins into an effective Ising variable,a single GCN pre-trained on the Ising model can localize the transition region for different q values without retraining.Applying this strategy to spherical graphs,we find that curvature-and defect-induced connectivity irregularities induce only modest shifts in the inferred transition temperatures relative to their planar counterparts.Further analysis shows that the curvature-induced shift of the critical temperature is most pronounced at small q and diminishes rapidly as q increases.This trend is consistent with the physical picture that,in two dimensions,the Potts model undergoes a transition from a continuous phase transition to a weakly first-order one for q>4,accompanied by a pronounced reduction in the correlation length.展开更多
With the continuous advancement of sensors and algorithms,an increasing number of deep learning methods have been applied to fine-grained upper limb motion intention recognition using multimodal physiological signals....With the continuous advancement of sensors and algorithms,an increasing number of deep learning methods have been applied to fine-grained upper limb motion intention recognition using multimodal physiological signals.However,effectively and quantifiably integrating correlations between electroencephalogram(EEG)and electromyogram(EMG)signal channels as well as within EEG signal channels as a clue to improve performance remained challenging.In this paper,we proposed a novel framework that achieved accurate prediction of upper limb motion intentions via fusing EEG and EMG signals.Firstly,the raw input signals were fed into the feature extraction module,respectively,enabling feature decomposition in the channel dimension.Secondly,the graph convolution module with learnable edge weights was proposed to adaptively learn correlations between different modalities.Thirdly,we designed a self-attention graph pooling module that employed the self-attention mechanism to compute the attention score for each node as the basis for pooling.Compared with calculation methods using the mean or maximum value,this approach was more likely to retain nodes with stronger correlations to motor intentions.Finally,the prediction results were obtained through a classifier.We validated the effectiveness of our method on a publicly available multimodal upper limb dataset,achieving an accuracy of 93.17%.展开更多
In the burgeoning field of anomaly detection within attributed networks,traditional methodologies often encounter the intricacies of network complexity,particularly in capturing nonlinearity and sparsity.This study in...In the burgeoning field of anomaly detection within attributed networks,traditional methodologies often encounter the intricacies of network complexity,particularly in capturing nonlinearity and sparsity.This study introduces an innovative approach that synergizes the strengths of graph convolutional networks with advanced deep residual learning and a unique residual-based attention mechanism,thereby creating a more nuanced and efficient method for anomaly detection in complex networks.The heart of our model lies in the integration of graph convolutional networks that capture complex structural relationships within the network data.This is further bolstered by deep residual learning,which is employed to model intricate nonlinear connections directly from input data.A pivotal innovation in our approach is the incorporation of a residual-based attention mech-anism.This mechanism dynamically adjusts the importance of nodes based on their residual information,thereby significantly enhancing the sensitivity of the model to subtle anomalies.Furthermore,we introduce a novel hypersphere mapping technique in the latent space to distinctly separate normal and anomalous data.This mapping is the key to our model’s ability to pinpoint anomalies with greater precision.An extensive experimental setup was used to validate the efficacy of the proposed model.Using attributed social network datasets,we demonstrate that our model not only competes with but also surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods in anomaly detection.The results show the exceptional capability of our model to handle the multifaceted nature of real-world networks.展开更多
基金supported by the Nation Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.61462042 and No.61966018.
摘要Traffic flow prediction is an important part of the intelligent transportation system. Accurate multi-step traffic flow prediction plays an important role in improving the operational efficiency of the traffic network. Since traffic flow data has complex spatio-temporal correlation and non-linearity, existing prediction methods are mainly accomplished through a combination of a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) and a recurrent neural network. The combination strategy has an excellent performance in traffic prediction tasks. However, multi-step prediction error accumulates with the predicted step size. Some scholars use multiple sampling sequences to achieve more accurate prediction results. But it requires high hardware conditions and multiplied training time. Considering the spatiotemporal correlation of traffic flow and influence of external factors, we propose an Attention Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network considering External Factors (ABSTGCN-EF) for multi-step traffic flow prediction. This model models the traffic flow as diffusion on a digraph and extracts the spatial characteristics of traffic flow through GCN. We add meaningful time-slots attention to the encoder-decoder to form an Attention Encoder Network (AEN) to handle temporal correlation. The attention vector is used as a competitive choice to draw the correlation between predicted states and historical states. We considered the impact of three external factors (daytime, weekdays, and traffic accident markers) on the traffic flow prediction tasks. Experiments on two public data sets show that it makes sense to consider external factors. The prediction performance of our ABSTGCN-EF model achieves 7.2%–8.7% higher than the state-of-the-art baselines.
摘要Using skeletal information to model and recognize human actions is currently a hot research subject in the realm of Human Action Recognition(HAR).Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)have gained popularity in this discipline due to their capacity to efficiently process graph-structured data.However,it is challenging for current models to handle distant dependencies that commonly exist between human skeleton nodes,which hinders the development of algorithms in related fields.To solve these problems,the Lightweight Multiscale Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network(LMSTGCN)is proposed.Firstly,the Lightweight Multiscale Spatial Graph Convolutional Network(LMSGCN)is constructed to capture the information in various hierarchies,and multiple inner connections between skeleton joints are captured by dividing the input features into a number of subsets along the channel direction.Secondly,the dilated convolution is incorporated into the temporal convolution to construct Lightweight Multiscale Temporal Convolutional Network(LMTCN),which allows to obtain a wider receptive field while keeping the size of the convolution kernel unchanged.Thirdly,the Spatio-Temporal Location Attention(STLAtt)module is used to identify the most informative joints in the sequence of skeletal information at a specific frame,hence improving the model’s ability to extract features and recognize actions.Finally,multi-stream data fusion input structure is used to enhance the input data and expand the feature information.Experiments on three public datasets illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed network.
摘要Dear Editor,This letter presents a novel graph neural network, namely modularized graph convolution network(MGCN), to address the underexplored issue in graph convolution networks(GCNs), wherein the weights for neighbor aggregation are fixed, leading to the limited capability of capturing diverse relationships among nodes for representation learning. Conventional GCNs always learn node representations in the graph according to the weights computed from the graph Laplacian, consequently overlooking the similarity and group cohesiveness of node features.
基金supported in part by Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant L251058in part by Project of State Key Lab of Intelligent Transportation System under Grant 2024-A001.
摘要Traffic holographic perception refers to the real-time,high-fidelity,and multi-dimensional sensing of traffic states through the fusion of heterogeneous sensors,including cameras,radars,and connected vehicle data.The multi-source perception data obtained thereby can provide a complete digital representation of the road network for the Intelligent Transportation System(ITS).However,sensors are vulnerable to environmental interference,which can result in data loss at specific points or along arterial highways for certain periods,potentially undermining system safety and decision-making reliability.To address these challenges,a deep learning method based on Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN)and Gated Recurrent Units(GRU)is proposed,leveraging Artificial Intelligence(AI)and intelligent connected technologies for real-time acquisition of multi-sensor perception data.A feature-level fusion integrates multi-source perception data.GCN captures spatial dependencies from the road network topology,while GRU extracts temporal features from time series,enabling accurate imputation of missing traffic data.The method is evaluated at intelligent connected intersections in the Beijing High-level Autonomous Driving Demonstration Area.Results show that the accuracy of long-term traffic state completion reaches 89.36%,and the Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)is reduced by 17.2%compared to the Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM)baseline.This framework provides a practical solution for deploying traffic holographic perception technology in secure and trustworthy ITS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62402399)the New Chongqing Youth Innovation Talent Project(CSTB2024NSCQ-QCXMX0035)。
摘要Dear Editor,D2This letter presents a node feature similarity preserving graph convolutional framework P G.Graph neural networks(GNNs)have garnered significant attention for their efficacy in learning graph representations across diverse real-world applications.
摘要The ability to accurately predict urban traffic flows is crucial for optimising city operations.Consequently,various methods for forecasting urban traffic have been developed,focusing on analysing historical data to understand complex mobility patterns.Deep learning techniques,such as graph neural networks(GNNs),are popular for their ability to capture spatio-temporal dependencies.However,these models often become overly complex due to the large number of hyper-parameters involved.In this study,we introduce Dynamic Multi-Graph Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Ordinary Differential Equation Networks(DMST-GNODE),a framework based on ordinary differential equations(ODEs)that autonomously discovers effective spatial-temporal graph neural network(STGNN)architectures for traffic prediction tasks.The comparative analysis of DMST-GNODE and baseline models indicates that DMST-GNODE model demonstrates superior performance across multiple datasets,consistently achieving the lowest Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and Mean Absolute Error(MAE)values,alongside the highest accuracy.On the BKK(Bangkok)dataset,it outperformed other models with an RMSE of 3.3165 and an accuracy of 0.9367 for a 20-min interval,maintaining this trend across 40 and 60 min.Similarly,on the PeMS08 dataset,DMST-GNODE achieved the best performance with an RMSE of 19.4863 and an accuracy of 0.9377 at 20 min,demonstrating its effectiveness over longer periods.The Los_Loop dataset results further emphasise this model’s advantage,with an RMSE of 3.3422 and an accuracy of 0.7643 at 20 min,consistently maintaining superiority across all time intervals.These numerical highlights indicate that DMST-GNODE not only outperforms baseline models but also achieves higher accuracy and lower errors across different time intervals and datasets.
基金supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Education(RS-2023-00249743).
摘要This study proposes a novel forecasting framework that simultaneously captures the strong periodicity and irregular meteorological fluctuations inherent in solar radiation time series.Existing approaches typically define inter-regional correlations using either simple correlation coefficients or distance-based measures when applying spatio-temporal graph neural networks(STGNNs).However,such definitions are prone to generating spurious correlations due to the dominance of periodic structures.To address this limitation,we adopt the Elastic-Band Transform(EBT)to decompose solar radiation into periodic and amplitude-modulated components,which are then modeled independently with separate graph neural networks.The periodic component,characterized by strong nationwide correlations,is learned with a relatively simple architecture,whereas the amplitude-modulated component is modeled with more complex STGNNs that capture climatological similarities between regions.The predictions from the two components are subsequently recombined to yield final forecasts that integrate both periodic patterns and aperiodic variability.The proposed framework is validated with multiple STGNN architectures,and experimental results demonstrate improved predictive accuracy and interpretability compared to conventional methods.
摘要With the rapid development of artificial intelligence and data-driven modeling,deep learning has become an effective tool for analyzing scientific discovery such as predicting material behaviors.Graphene-reinforced copper-based composites,which exhibit excellent mechanical,electrical,and thermal properties,have attracted extensive attention in advanced engineering applications;however,accurate prediction of their stress-strain behavior still relies heavily on computationally expensive molecular dynamics simulations or experiments.In this work,we propose a Graph-based Spatio-Temporal Attention Network,termed GraphSTAN,for stress-strain behavior prediction of copper-based composites.Specifically,atomic-scale initial microstructures are encoded as graphs and integrated with static physical parameters.A topology-aware spatio-temporal feature interaction mechanism is introduced to effectively couple structural representations with stress-strain time-series dynamics,enabling accurate prediction of full stress-strain evolution.Moreover,a multi-features dataset is constructed based on LAMMPS molecular dynamics simulations,consisting of 596 independent simulation samples corresponding to distinct combinations of microstructural configurations,loading conditions,and stress-strain time series.Experimental results demonstrate that GraphSTAN effectively predicts full stress-strain curves and achieves the higher performance of R2,MAE and RMSE for yield strength and Young’s modulus,respectively,significantly outperforming baseline methods.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62372385,62272078,62002337)Chongqing Natural Science Foundation(CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1486,CSTB2023NSCQ-LZX0069)。
摘要A dynamic graph(DG)is adopted to portray the evolving interplay between nodes in real-world scenarios prevalently.A high-order graph convolutional network(HGCN)is equipped with the ability to represent a DG by the spatial-temporal message passing mechanism built on tensor product.Concretely,an HGCN utilizes the discrete Fourier transform(DFT)to implement temporal message passing and then employs face-wise product to realize spatial message passing.However,DFT is only a special case of assorted time-frequency transforms,which considers the complex temporal patterns partially,thereby resulting in an inaccurate temporal message passing possibly.To address this issue,this study proposes six advanced time-frequency transform-incorporated HGCNs(TF-HGCNs)with discrete Fourier,discrete Hartley,discrete cosine,Haar wavelet,Walsh Hadamard,and slant transforms.In addition,a potent ensemble is built regarding the proposed six TF-HGCNs as the bases.Finally,the corresponding theoretical proof is presented.Empirical studies on six DG datasets demonstrate that owing to diverse time-frequency transforms,the proposed six TF-HGCNs significantly outperform state-of-the-art models in addressing the task of link weight estimation.Moreover,their ensemble outstrips each base's performance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.62103434)National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars(Grant No.62176263).
摘要With network attack technology continuing to develop,traditional anomaly traffic detection methods that rely on feature engineering are increasingly insufficient in efficiency and accuracy.Graph Neural Network(GNN),a promising Deep Learning(DL)approach,has proven to be highly effective in identifying intricate patterns in graph⁃structured data and has already found wide applications in the field of network security.In this paper,we propose a hybrid Graph Convolutional Network(GCN)⁃GraphSAGE model for Anomaly Traffic Detection,namely HGS⁃ATD,which aims to improve the accuracy of anomaly traffic detection by leveraging edge feature learning to better capture the relationships between network entities.We validate the HGS⁃ATD model on four publicly available datasets,including NF⁃UNSW⁃NB15⁃v2.The experimental results show that the enhanced hybrid model is 5.71%to 10.25%higher than the baseline model in terms of accuracy,and the F1⁃score is 5.53%to 11.63%higher than the baseline model,proving that the model can effectively distinguish normal traffic from attack traffic and accurately classify various types of attacks.
摘要Transformers have been widely applied to hyperspectral image classification,leveraging their self-attention mechanism for powerful global modelling.However,two key challenges remain as follows:excessive memory and computational costs from calculating correlations between all tokens(especially as image size or spectral bands increase)and limited ability to model local boundary information due to lacking explicit enhancement mechanisms.This paper proposes a novel method,bridge transformer network fused with deep graph convolution(BTDGC),to address these issues.The framework includes three components as follows:a double random masking mechanism(DRMM)that forces the model to infer masked features from context during training,a bridge transformer(BT)module with bridge tokens for cross-region feature interaction and a Deep Graph Convolutional Pooling(DGCP)module that preserves spatial topology while aggregating hierarchical information.Experiments on standard hyperspectral datasets show BTDGC outperforms mainstream methods in classification accuracy and robustness,effectively balancing global modelling and local boundary representation.The code is available at http://gffzz188fe103f8f1460asbcu6cb50wqpn6un5.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/jenny3489/BTDGC.
基金supported byNationalNatural Science Foundation of China,GrantNo.62402046the Beijing Forestry University Science and Technology Innovation Project under Grant No.BLX202358.
摘要Long-term traffic flow prediction is a crucial component of intelligent transportation systems within intelligent networks,requiring predictive models that balance accuracy with low-latency and lightweight computation to optimize trafficmanagement and enhance urban mobility and sustainability.However,traditional predictivemodels struggle to capture long-term temporal dependencies and are computationally intensive,limiting their practicality in real-time.Moreover,many approaches overlook the periodic characteristics inherent in traffic data,further impacting performance.To address these challenges,we introduce ST-MambaGCN,a State-Space-Based Spatio-Temporal Graph Convolution Network.Unlike conventionalmodels,ST-MambaGCN replaces the temporal attention layer withMamba,a state-space model that efficiently captures long-term dependencies with near-linear computational complexity.The model combines Chebyshev polynomial-based graph convolutional networks(GCN)to explore spatial correlations.Additionally,we incorporate a multi-temporal feature capture mechanism,where the final integrated features are generated through the Hadamard product based on learnable parameters.This mechanism explicitly models shortterm,daily,and weekly traffic patterns to enhance the network’s awareness of traffic periodicity.Extensive experiments on the PeMS04 and PeMS08 datasets demonstrate that ST-MambaGCN significantly outperforms existing benchmarks,offering substantial improvements in both prediction accuracy and computational efficiency for long-term traffic flow prediction.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62472149,62376089,62202147)Hubei Provincial Science and Technology Plan Project(2023BCB04100).
摘要Accurate traffic flow prediction has a profound impact on modern traffic management. Traffic flow has complex spatial-temporal correlations and periodicity, which poses difficulties for precise prediction. To address this problem, a Multi-head Self-attention and Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Network (MSSTGCN) for multiscale traffic flow prediction is proposed. Firstly, to capture the hidden traffic periodicity of traffic flow, traffic flow is divided into three kinds of periods, including hourly, daily, and weekly data. Secondly, a graph attention residual layer is constructed to learn the global spatial features across regions. Local spatial-temporal dependence is captured by using a T-GCN module. Thirdly, a transformer layer is introduced to learn the long-term dependence in time. A position embedding mechanism is introduced to label position information for all traffic sequences. Thus, this multi-head self-attention mechanism can recognize the sequence order and allocate weights for different time nodes. Experimental results on four real-world datasets show that the MSSTGCN performs better than the baseline methods and can be successfully adapted to traffic prediction tasks.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62272049,62236006,62172045)the Key Projects of Beijing Union University(ZKZD202301).
摘要In recent years,gait-based emotion recognition has been widely applied in the field of computer vision.However,existing gait emotion recognition methods typically rely on complete human skeleton data,and their accuracy significantly declines when the data is occluded.To enhance the accuracy of gait emotion recognition under occlusion,this paper proposes a Multi-scale Suppression Graph ConvolutionalNetwork(MS-GCN).TheMS-GCN consists of three main components:Joint Interpolation Module(JI Moudle),Multi-scale Temporal Convolution Network(MS-TCN),and Suppression Graph Convolutional Network(SGCN).The JI Module completes the spatially occluded skeletal joints using the(K-Nearest Neighbors)KNN interpolation method.The MS-TCN employs convolutional kernels of various sizes to comprehensively capture the emotional information embedded in the gait,compensating for the temporal occlusion of gait information.The SGCN extracts more non-prominent human gait features by suppressing the extraction of key body part features,thereby reducing the negative impact of occlusion on emotion recognition results.The proposed method is evaluated on two comprehensive datasets:Emotion-Gait,containing 4227 real gaits from sources like BML,ICT-Pollick,and ELMD,and 1000 synthetic gaits generated using STEP-Gen technology,and ELMB,consisting of 3924 gaits,with 1835 labeled with emotions such as“Happy,”“Sad,”“Angry,”and“Neutral.”On the standard datasets Emotion-Gait and ELMB,the proposed method achieved accuracies of 0.900 and 0.896,respectively,attaining performance comparable to other state-ofthe-artmethods.Furthermore,on occlusion datasets,the proposedmethod significantly mitigates the performance degradation caused by occlusion compared to other methods,the accuracy is significantly higher than that of other methods.
摘要Container-based virtualization technology has been more widely used in edge computing environments recently due to its advantages of lighter resource occupation, faster startup capability, and better resource utilization efficiency. To meet the diverse needs of tasks, it usually needs to instantiate multiple network functions in the form of containers interconnect various generated containers to build a Container Cluster(CC). Then CCs will be deployed on edge service nodes with relatively limited resources. However, the increasingly complex and timevarying nature of tasks brings great challenges to optimal placement of CC. This paper regards the charges for various resources occupied by providing services as revenue, the service efficiency and energy consumption as cost, thus formulates a Mixed Integer Programming(MIP) model to describe the optimal placement of CC on edge service nodes. Furthermore, an Actor-Critic based Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL) incorporating Graph Convolutional Networks(GCN) framework named as RL-GCN is proposed to solve the optimization problem. The framework obtains an optimal placement strategy through self-learning according to the requirements and objectives of the placement of CC. Particularly, through the introduction of GCN, the features of the association relationship between multiple containers in CCs can be effectively extracted to improve the quality of placement.The experiment results show that under different scales of service nodes and task requests, the proposed method can obtain the improved system performance in terms of placement error ratio, time efficiency of solution output and cumulative system revenue compared with other representative baseline methods.
基金the Industry-University Cooperation Project in Fujian Province University(No.2022H6020)。
摘要Self-powered neutron detectors(SPNDs)play a critical role in monitoring the safety margins and overall health of reactors,directly affecting safe operation within the reactor.In this work,a novel fault identification method based on graph convolutional networks(GCN)and Stacking ensemble learning is proposed for SPNDs.The GCN is employed to extract the spatial neighborhood information of SPNDs at different positions,and residuals are obtained by nonlinear fitting of SPND signals.In order to completely extract the time-varying features from residual sequences,the Stacking fusion model,integrated with various algorithms,is developed and enables the identification of five conditions for SPNDs:normal,drift,bias,precision degradation,and complete failure.The results demonstrate that the integration of diverse base-learners in the GCN-Stacking model exhibits advantages over a single model as well as enhances the stability and reliability in fault identification.Additionally,the GCN-Stacking model maintains higher accuracy in identifying faults at different reactor power levels.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA0719200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11672314,12272391,and 12232020)+1 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-096)supported by National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen(Shenzhen Cloud Computing Center)and the Computing Facility,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.
摘要Machine learning models have made significant advances in the establishment of structure-property relationships.However,it is still a challenge to predict the mechanical properties of the adhesive interface due to the complexity and randomness of the polymer topologies.In this paper,we employed a graph convolutional network(GCN)model to predict the mechanical properties of a specific cross-linked polymer interfacial system,including yield strength(σy),ultimate strength(σu),failure strain(εu),and fracture toughness(Γ)utilizing molecular dynamics simulations.The results showed that the adopted GCN model can predict the mechanical properties with over 88%accuracy.Furthermore,the prediction performances for εu and σu are better than those for Γ and σy,with R2~0.73 for εu,R2~0.64 for σu,R2~0.51 for Γ,and R2~0.43 for σy.It is worth noting that the GCN model with the sum aggregator slightly outperforms that with the mean aggregator,and that models with linear regression and fully connected neural network regression provide similar predictions.The influence of input node features on prediction performance was also investigated.It was observed that the node closeness centrality is an important graph parameter in prediction.Specifically,node closeness centrality presents a more significant influence on the global mechanical properties of the adhesive interface,such as εu,σu,and Γ.Additionally,sensitivity analysis demonstrated that appropriate hyperparameters can improve computational efficiency without losing accuracy on a restricted set of data.This paper demonstrated the capacity of the GCN model to predict the mechanical properties of the adhesive interface with diverse topologies and provided a possible pathway for improving the mechanical properties of the adhesive interface by tailoring polymer structures in the future.
基金supported by the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2021ZD0301904)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12447216)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12405008)。
摘要We investigate the ferromagnetic q-state Potts model on spherical Fibonacci graphs.These graphs are constructed by embedding quasi-uniform sites on a sphere and defining interactions via a chord-distance cutoff chosen so as to yield a network approximating four-neighbor connectivity.By combining Swendsen-Wang cluster Monte Carlo simulations with graph convolutional networks(GCNs),which operate directly on the adjacency structure and node spins,we develop a unified phase-classification framework applicable to both regular planar lattices and curved,irregular spherical graphs.Benchmarks on planar lattices demonstrate an efficient transfer strategy:after a fixed binarization of Potts spins into an effective Ising variable,a single GCN pre-trained on the Ising model can localize the transition region for different q values without retraining.Applying this strategy to spherical graphs,we find that curvature-and defect-induced connectivity irregularities induce only modest shifts in the inferred transition temperatures relative to their planar counterparts.Further analysis shows that the curvature-induced shift of the critical temperature is most pronounced at small q and diminishes rapidly as q increases.This trend is consistent with the physical picture that,in two dimensions,the Potts model undergoes a transition from a continuous phase transition to a weakly first-order one for q>4,accompanied by a pronounced reduction in the correlation length.
基金supported by the Key Research&Development Project of Zhejiang Province(No.2020C04009)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LZ25F030005 and No.LY24F020015)。
摘要With the continuous advancement of sensors and algorithms,an increasing number of deep learning methods have been applied to fine-grained upper limb motion intention recognition using multimodal physiological signals.However,effectively and quantifiably integrating correlations between electroencephalogram(EEG)and electromyogram(EMG)signal channels as well as within EEG signal channels as a clue to improve performance remained challenging.In this paper,we proposed a novel framework that achieved accurate prediction of upper limb motion intentions via fusing EEG and EMG signals.Firstly,the raw input signals were fed into the feature extraction module,respectively,enabling feature decomposition in the channel dimension.Secondly,the graph convolution module with learnable edge weights was proposed to adaptively learn correlations between different modalities.Thirdly,we designed a self-attention graph pooling module that employed the self-attention mechanism to compute the attention score for each node as the basis for pooling.Compared with calculation methods using the mean or maximum value,this approach was more likely to retain nodes with stronger correlations to motor intentions.Finally,the prediction results were obtained through a classifier.We validated the effectiveness of our method on a publicly available multimodal upper limb dataset,achieving an accuracy of 93.17%.
摘要In the burgeoning field of anomaly detection within attributed networks,traditional methodologies often encounter the intricacies of network complexity,particularly in capturing nonlinearity and sparsity.This study introduces an innovative approach that synergizes the strengths of graph convolutional networks with advanced deep residual learning and a unique residual-based attention mechanism,thereby creating a more nuanced and efficient method for anomaly detection in complex networks.The heart of our model lies in the integration of graph convolutional networks that capture complex structural relationships within the network data.This is further bolstered by deep residual learning,which is employed to model intricate nonlinear connections directly from input data.A pivotal innovation in our approach is the incorporation of a residual-based attention mech-anism.This mechanism dynamically adjusts the importance of nodes based on their residual information,thereby significantly enhancing the sensitivity of the model to subtle anomalies.Furthermore,we introduce a novel hypersphere mapping technique in the latent space to distinctly separate normal and anomalous data.This mapping is the key to our model’s ability to pinpoint anomalies with greater precision.An extensive experimental setup was used to validate the efficacy of the proposed model.Using attributed social network datasets,we demonstrate that our model not only competes with but also surpasses existing state-of-the-art methods in anomaly detection.The results show the exceptional capability of our model to handle the multifaceted nature of real-world networks.