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Upcycling Spent Graphite into Fluorine-Doped Reduced Graphene Oxide Anodes for High-Performance Lithium-Ion Batteries 认领 引用
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作者 LI Fei XING Baolin +4 位作者 WANG Zhenshuai HOU Yida YANG Lei ZENG Huihui PAN Qiaoqiao 《Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第3期623-638,共16页
Fluorine-doped reduced graphene oxide(FRGO)was synthesized from spent graphite(SG)by first producing reduced graphene oxide(RGO)via potassium permanganate-assisted oxidation and thermal reduction,followed by fluorinat... Fluorine-doped reduced graphene oxide(FRGO)was synthesized from spent graphite(SG)by first producing reduced graphene oxide(RGO)via potassium permanganate-assisted oxidation and thermal reduction,followed by fluorination with lithium hexafluorophosphate.The optimized material,FRGO-3,exhibited an expanded interlayer spacing of 0.375 nm,an ultrahigh specific surface area of 1433.86 m2·g-1,and a high fluorine doping content of 3.6%.Fluorine incorporation was predominantly achieved in semi-ionic and covalent C-F configurations.Owing to these structural and chemical characteristics,FRGO-3 demonstrated remarkable lithium storage performance,including a high reversible capacity of 1323 mAh·g-1 at 50 mA·g-1 and a retained capacity of 489 and 318 mAh·g-1 even at a high current density of 1000 and 2000 mA·g-1,along with excellent cycling stability.These results underscore its potential as an advanced anode material for highperformance lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).This work presents an efficient and scalable approach for the regeneration of waste graphite while unlocking its promise for sustainable LIB applications. 展开更多
关键词 spent graphite reduced graphene oxide fluorine-doped lithium-ion batteries
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Selective Lithium Leaching from Spent Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries:Mechanisms,Technologies,and Future Perspectives 认领 引用
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作者 Tianyu Zhao Zhongwei Zhao +6 位作者 Jingxiu Wang Yeonuk Choi Weilun Li Zhifei Zhang Ailiang Chen Wenhua Xu Dongfu Liu 《Engineering》 SCIE EI CSCD 2026年第7期240-258,共19页
With the rapid deployment of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries and their finite service life, the annual accumulation of end-of-life LFP batteries has risen substantially. This growing accumulation creates a rang... With the rapid deployment of lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries and their finite service life, the annual accumulation of end-of-life LFP batteries has risen substantially. This growing accumulation creates a range of safety and environmental concerns, including leakage, thermal runaway, combustion, and explosion, which threaten natural environments such as water, soil, and air, while also endangering both human and wildlife safety. Therefore, the effective and responsible recycling of spent LFP batteries is crucial. Recycling not only serves as a key approach to converting waste streams into valuable resources but also mitigates the relevant environmental concerns. The recovery of valuable components, particularly lithium, supports resource sustainability and provides environmental, economic, and societal benefits. Among the components of spent LFP batteries, lithium is the most valuable, primarily because these batteries generally have a lower intrinsic recycling value than other lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and do not contain economically high-value metals such as nickel and cobalt. However, the current industrial recovery rate of lithium from spent LFP batteries remains below 1%, underscoring the urgent need for further development of efficient lithium recovery technologies. Selective lithium leaching has emerged as a highly attractive and environmentally benign approach tailored for lithium recycling, receiving growing attention from both academia and industry. Various selective leaching techniques have been developed, including chemical selective leaching, electrochemical selective leaching, bio-selective leaching, leaching-precipitation, and direct selective leaching, all designed to selectively recover lithium from spent LFP batteries. Despite differences in operational approaches, these methods are founded on comparable thermodynamic principles and recovery goals. This review systematically summarizes recent technological developments and research progress, and integrates thermodynamic potential (E)-pH diagram analysis to evaluate the feasibility, advantages, and limitations of various selective leaching methods. Economic feasibility, operational complexity, and environmental performance are systematically evaluated. Furthermore, the key characteristics, limitations, and practical applicability of these technologies are comparatively discussed, providing a systematic comparison, critical assessment, and prioritization of all current research strategies in terms of industrial feasibility and future development potential. Additionally, this review highlights eight major advantages and five potential development directions for selective lithium leaching, emphasizing its promising role in future lithium recycling systems. Finally, based on selective leaching strategies, a comprehensive process flowchart for the overall recycling of LFP batteries is proposed as a conceptual framework for future industrial implementation. 展开更多
关键词 Lithium Selective leaching Lithium recycling Spent lithium-ion batteries Lithium iron phosphate
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An acid-free process for the selective recovery of lithium from spent ternary lithium-ion batteries 认领 引用
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作者 ZHANG Kun YANG Jian +2 位作者 JIANG Liang-xing LAI Yan-qing XU Kai-hua 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第4期1613-1625,共13页
With the dramatic accumulation of the end-of-life lithium-ion batteries,their recycling is attracting extensive attention worldwide.To address the problem of low lithium recovery in the current typical hydrometallurgy... With the dramatic accumulation of the end-of-life lithium-ion batteries,their recycling is attracting extensive attention worldwide.To address the problem of low lithium recovery in the current typical hydrometallurgy recovery process,this research uses sodium bisulfate as an auxiliary roasting reagent to extract lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries through sulphation roasting,which can enhance the lithium recovery rate significantly.A systematic study of the sulphation roasting process and the mechanisms was carried out with experiments,thermodynamic calculations,and characterization of the roasted sample phases.The results showed that at a roasting temperature of 600℃,NaHSO4·H2O/spent LiNixCoyMnzO2 cathode powders(S-NCM)mass ratio of 1.2,and roasting time of 60 min,95% selective dissolution of lithium was acquired,while the leaching rates of Ni,Co,and Mn were confined under 1%.During roasting,the NCM layered structure collapses and the lithium is transformed into the LiNaSO4 phase,while the transition metals transform into Ni6MnO8 and MnCo2O4 phases.The removal of impurity ions from the lithium-rich leaching solution and the generation of Li2CO3 were achieved by a combination of thermodynamic calculations and experiments. 展开更多
关键词 spent lithium-ion batteries sulfation roasting selective extraction lithium recovery
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Integrated gut metagenomic and muscle proteomic analysis reveals the role of dietary fermented extruded brewers'spent grain in enhancing pork quality through the gut-muscle axis 认领 引用
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作者 Yang Liu Yueqin Xie +10 位作者 Jianqi Yang Yu Deng Dongyun Liu Junlei Chang Jiayong Tang Hua Zhao Xiaoling Chen Gang Tian Guangmang Liu Jingyi Cai Gang Jia 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第4期2064-2082,共19页
Background The fact that feeding pigs with probiotic-fermented agricultural by-products improves pork quality has been repeatedly demonstrated and widely applied,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study... Background The fact that feeding pigs with probiotic-fermented agricultural by-products improves pork quality has been repeatedly demonstrated and widely applied,but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.This study explored the effects of fermented extruded brewers'spent grain(FEBSG)on meat quality in growing-finishing pigs,as well as its regulatory mechanisms.Methods Sixty Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire pigs(52.25±2.10 kg)were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments,in which FEBSG replaced 0,5%,10%,15%,and 20%of soybean meal(SBM).The experiment spanned 10 weeks.Results Compared with the control,20%FEBSG significantly increased final body weight,average daily feed intake,and average daily gain,while decreasing feed to gain ratio(P<0.05).Both 15%and 20%FEBSG improved carcass characteristics and meat quality,including higher carcass weight,loin eye area,and intramuscular fat content,along with lower drip loss and shear force(P<0.05).These treatments also enhanced flavor-related amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids(P<0.05),and improved umami and sweet taste profiles.Moreover,20%FEBSG increased muscle fiber density and reduced fiber diameter,upregulated MyHC I,MyHC IIa,PGC-1α,AMPKα1,TFAM,and SDH activity,and downregulated MyHC IIb and LDH activity(P<0.05).Proteomic analysis identified 69 differentially expressed proteins,with enrichment in AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways.Metagenomic analysis revealed increased abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria,including Clostridium,Lactobacillus,Prevotella,and Bartonella.Correlation analysis demonstrated associations between gut microbiota diversity and meat quality traits,as well as between dominant microbial genera and differentially expressed proteins,volatile fatty acids,muscle fiber characteristics,and the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway.Conclusions Partial replacement of SBM with FEBSG positively influenced growth performance and pork quality in pigs,with the underlying mechanisms may involve the activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM signaling pathway via the gut-muscle axis,thereby enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis,muscle development,and metabolism. 展开更多
关键词 Fermented extruded brewers’spent grain Growth performance Gut-muscle axis Growing-finishing pigs Meat quality
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Direct Application of Fresh Spent Mushroom Substrates Enhances Rice Grain Yields 认领 引用
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作者 Hengdong Zhang Rongji Wang +2 位作者 Jianchong Zhang Fali Zhang Zhiwang He 《Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany》 SCIE 2026年第3期177-190,共14页
Spent mushroom substrate(SMS),the residual byproduct of mushroom cultivation,represents a nutrient-rich agro-residues with potential for paddy field application.This study evaluated the effect of direct SMS applicatio... Spent mushroom substrate(SMS),the residual byproduct of mushroom cultivation,represents a nutrient-rich agro-residues with potential for paddy field application.This study evaluated the effect of direct SMS application on rice yield,yield components,biomass production,and nitrogen uptake(NU),aiming to provide useful information for fresh SMS utilization in paddy.Field experiments were conducted using a split-plot design with three replications,three SMS rates(0,9,and 18 t ha−1 dry matter)as the main plots and three nitrogen(N)(0,90,180 kg ha−1)as subplots in 2023 and 2024.Each plot was planted with rice cultivars Jingliangyou-534(2023–2024)and Yongyou-1540(2024).Results indicated that SMS application(9 and 18 t ha−1)significantly increased nitrogen content in straw and grain at maturity by 8.54%–41.42%and 1.71%–16.27%,respectively.Correspondingly,NU in straw,grain,and aboveground increased by 11.85%–92.81%,11.22%–43.59%,and 11.28%–53.18%,respectively.Aboveground biomass,panicles per m2 and spikelets per panicle increased by 6.83%–27.66%,0.44%–24.54%,and 5.01%–13.26%,respectively;no consistent effects were observed on setting rate for either cultivar across both years.Grain yield improved by 4.70%–23.57%,compared with no SMS application.These findings provide preliminary evidence that fresh SMS(≤18 t ha−1 dry matters)can be applied directly,without composting,as a convenient and effective strategy to enhance rice productivity,though further studies are needed to clarify the mechanisms underlying increased N uptake. 展开更多
关键词 Spent mushroom substrate direct application rice yield nitrogen uptake
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Direct repair of spent LiFePO4 via a closed-loop deep eutectic solvent process 认领 引用
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作者 Yuelin Kong Shuaipeng Hao +8 位作者 Yaqi Liao Yudi Shao Le Hu Wei Liu Yuanguang Xia Wen Yin Jingwei Xiang Yunhui Huang Lixia Yuan 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第6期224-233,I0007,共10页
The LiFePO4 batteries are expected to face a significant wave of retirement in the coming years.This necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive and environmentally friendly recycling system for spent LiFePO_... The LiFePO4 batteries are expected to face a significant wave of retirement in the coming years.This necessitates the establishment of a comprehensive and environmentally friendly recycling system for spent LiFePO4 batteries.The traditional hydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical methods involve high costs and serious pollution.This work provides a more efficient and environmentally benign alternative by repairing spent LiFePO4 through a citric acid-LiCl deep eutectic solvent(DES).The citric acid and LiCl form a molten state through hydrogen bonding at lower temperatures,enabling the ambient-pressure repair.The LiCl acts as a Li source to replace the lost Li.The citric acid donates electrons to reduce Fe3+to Fe2+,reducing electrostatic repulsion to facilitate Fe to return to its original lattice site,thereby eliminating Fe-Li anti-site defects and promoting the insertion of Li+into the lattice.Remarkably,this method eliminates the strict requirement for Li/Fe molar ratio control,making it applicable to spent LiFePO4 batteries with varying degradation levels.The regenerated LiFePO4 shows great electrochemical performance with a discharge capacity of 158.3 mA h g-1at 0.5C,with a capacity retention of 82.8%after600 cycles.Notably,the DES demonstrates recyclability and stable regeneration efficiency,while its eco-friendly nature further enhances the economic viability and industrial potential of this process. 展开更多
关键词 Spent LiFePO4batteries Deep eutectic solvent Fe-Li anti-site defects Ambient-pressure repair
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Bioinspired Injection Therapy for Spent LiFePO4Batteries:A Non-Invasive Strategy for Capacity Regeneration and Longevity Enhancement 认领 引用
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作者 Peng Wang Jian Wang +8 位作者 Longwei Bai Na Li Chuancong Zhou Mingyang Chen Jialiang Zhang Zhenyue Xing Zaowen Zhao Wei Zhang Xiaodong Shi 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第7期644-662,共19页
The widespread deployment of lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4,LFP)batteries has intensified the imperative to address the disposal challenges associated with retired LFP batteries,given their rapidly growing volumes.How... The widespread deployment of lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4,LFP)batteries has intensified the imperative to address the disposal challenges associated with retired LFP batteries,given their rapidly growing volumes.However,existing regeneration techniques remain constrained by their inherent complexity,high energy demands,and limited scalability,posing significant barriers to achieving efficient and economically viable solutions.Herein,inspired by medical injection therapy,a novel,non-invasive strategy for direct capacity rejuvenation is proposed by injecting recovery reagents into spent LFP batteries,circumventing the need for disassembly.This innovative approach leverages the I3-/I-redox couple to activate residual/dead lithium on the graphite anode and selectively re-engineer the solid electrolyte interphase(SEI),preserving its functional components while optimizing interfacial dynamics.The restored lithium from the anode serves as an intrinsic source to replenish lithium deficits and rectify Li-Fe antisite defects within the degraded LFP cathode.The resulting regenerated pouch cells demonstrate remarkable recovery of electrochemical capacity,accompanied by superior kinetics performance and significantly extended cycle life.This pioneering strategy not only delivers an energy-efficient and cost-effective pathway for LFP battery regeneration but also holds transformative potential to redefine sustainable practices in lithium-ion battery reuse,thereby advancing their practical applications and prolonging their service life. 展开更多
关键词 Spent LFP batteries Direct regeneration I3-/I-redox couple Dead lithium Lithium replenishment
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Prioritized Lithium Extraction From Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries via Low-Temperature Chlorination Mediated by Seawater-Derived Chlorides 认领 引用
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作者 Bei-Lei Zhang Xiang Chen +5 位作者 Hao Wang Feng-Yin Zhou Xin Qu Jing Li En-Bo Shangguan Hua-Yi Yin 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第2期395-408,共14页
Chlorination roasting has emerged as a promising pyrometallurgical strategy for the selective recovery of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).In this study,a natural roasting agent,seawater-derived chlorid... Chlorination roasting has emerged as a promising pyrometallurgical strategy for the selective recovery of lithium from spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).In this study,a natural roasting agent,seawater-derived chlorides,was employed to selectively extract lithium from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2(NCM523) cathode.MgCl2·6H2O,a main component of seawater desalination by-products,was investigated as a roasting agent to explore its chlorination mechanism and optimal roasting conditions.Under optimal roasting conditions (550 ℃,4 h,NCM523/MgCl2·6H2O mass ratio of 1:3,air atmosphere),lithium was selectively converted into soluble LiCl with a leaching efficiency of 98.36%,whereas over 99.99% of the transition metals remained in the form of insoluble metal oxides,achieving the highly selective pre-extraction of lithium.In contrast,the roasting of anhydrous MgCl2 is difficult to achieve the selective conversion of lithium,accompanied by the formation of partial transition metal chlorides.Thermodynamic analysis reveals that the formation of LiCl is thermodynamically more favorable,and the DFT calculation indicates that longer Li-O bonds within the NCM523 structure break more easily,facilitating lithium to escape from the lattice to achieve selective conversion.Unlike the solid-solid reaction of anhydrous MgCl2 with NCM523,the roasting process of MgCl2·6H2O that occurs due to its own thermal hydrolysis is a gas-solid chlorination process,which selectively chlorinates Li in NCM523 using the released HCl and Cl2 gases.Additionally,the chlorides extracted from the seawater as a chlorination agent further confirmed the effectiveness of the recovery process.Economic and environmental assessments demonstrate that this strategy reduces energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions,confirming its sustainability and cost-effectiveness.Overall,this work offers an efficient and economic approach for recovering valuable metals from spent LIB cathode. 展开更多
关键词 chlorination roasting MgCl2⋅6H2O seawater-derived chlorides selectively extracting lithium spent lithium-ion batteries
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Efficient recycling strategies for spent graphite anodes in lithium-ion batteries 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Qing He Changyuan Guo +5 位作者 Kang Han Fang Liu Zhao Yang Xuanpeng Wang Chaojiang Niu Jiashen Meng 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第3期750-770,共21页
The extensive application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles has led to a torrential surge of endof-life batteries.As the dominant anode material,graphite's environmental and resource costs in productio... The extensive application of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles has led to a torrential surge of endof-life batteries.As the dominant anode material,graphite's environmental and resource costs in production highlight the necessity of recycling spent graphite(SG).However,SG recycling technologies remain markedly underdeveloped compared to the cathode recovery status,due to perceived lower economic value.This review provides an in-depth analysis of the current SG growth trend and highlights the cost accounting for graphite recycling and the significant importance of advanced recycling technologies.By examining the failure mechanisms of graphite,various recycling and upcycling technologies in both practical application and fundamental research are fully discussed,in terms of the regeneration principle,recycling effect,strengths,and limitations of each method.Furthermore,the multi-purpose applications of recycled graphite beyond LIB anodes are explored to enhance its high-value properties.Finally,the prospects of SG recycling and large-scale application challenges are presented,including economic feasibility,process optimization,and regulatory restrictions.This review provides a comprehensive overview of developments in SG recycling strategies,offering valuable insights for narrowing the gap between fundamental research and practical applications. 展开更多
关键词 Spent graphite Failure mechanism Recycling methods Regeneration effect High-value properties
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Toward Sustainable Spent Cathode Recycling Technology:Failure Mechanism,Advancing Technology and Prospect 认领 引用
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作者 Fenqiang Luo Wenbin Lai +7 位作者 Lihui Chen Songwei Yang Zhengyang Huang Xin Chen Fuyu Xiao Qingrong Qian Qinghua Chen Lingxing Zeng 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第5期48-74,共27页
The cathode materials from spent batteries are expected to become a resource stream rich in critical metals,drawing increasing attention to the disposal and recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,due t... The cathode materials from spent batteries are expected to become a resource stream rich in critical metals,drawing increasing attention to the disposal and recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).However,due to current technological limitations,the recycling efficiency and environmental sustainability of LIBs still face significant challenges.Thus,a comprehensive review of the failure mechanism,advanced recycling technology and prospect of recycling spent cathode in LIBs is provided.It firstly analyzed failure mechanism of various cathode materials,which is the cornerstone of customizing recycling process.This is followed by a comprehensive examination of recent advances in recycling technology,which includes both conventional approaches and novel direct recycling methodologies.A series of forward-looking recommendations aimed at optimizing recycling processes are underscored in conclusion,with the ultimate goal of guiding future recycling technology toward large-scale industrialization,contributing to green and sustainable development in battery technology. 展开更多
关键词 failure mechanism lithium-ion batteries recycling technology spent cathode materials
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A Dual Closed-Loop Process to Recycle High Nickel Cathode of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries via Deep Eutectic Solvents:Computational Screening and Experimental Validation 认领 引用
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作者 Yang Chen Shi Luo +5 位作者 Ping Liu Meng-Fei Chen Ajanaku Kolawole Oluseyi Chun-Tao Zhang Biao Gao Kai-Fu Huo 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第1期225-236,共12页
Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)have displayed a significant potential in green recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials.In this study,we proposed a computational screening strategy based on the bin... Deep eutectic solvents(DESs)have displayed a significant potential in green recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)cathode materials.In this study,we proposed a computational screening strategy based on the binding energy and hydrogen bonding performance via density functional theory and molecular dynamic calculation,achieving a novel DES system composed of tetramethylammonium chloride(TMAC)and oxalic acid dihydrate(OA)for a dual closed-loop process to recycle LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2(NCM811)cathode of spent LIBs.The binding energy between DESs and Li/Ni/Co/Mn ions were shown to critically influence metal leaching efficiency,implying that DESs with higher binding energy exhibited superior extraction performance.DES TMAC-OA was screened out as optimal potential,and then followed by experimental validations to achieve the leaching of valuable metals from spent NCM811 cathode powder in a much milder condition(80℃,30 min)with high efficiency.Combined with the coordination regulation of water and ethanol,a high selectivity separation of Li and Ni/Co/Mn can be achieved to regenerate high-value precursors of NCM811 with both high purity and yield.The regenerated precursors can be used to produce new NCM811 with considerable electrochemical performances.More importantly,DESs can be perfectly regenerated and recycled many times,indicating that the process is cost-effective and eco-friendly.Such a strategy provides a feasibility basis to demonstrate a promising potential of DESs in the green recovery and recycling of valuable materials from spent LIBs,therefore benefiting the circular economy and the sustainable management of electronic waste. 展开更多
关键词 deep eutectic solvents dual closed-loop process precursor regeneration recyclable spent lithium-ion batteries
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Nitrate ions induced transpassive degradation and corrosion mechanism shifts in 304L/C25 stainless steels within simulated spent nuclear fuel reprocessing environments 认领 引用
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作者 Wen-Hao Li Yue Zheng +6 位作者 Wan-Qi Chen Qi-Qian Chen Lian-Min Zhang Ai-Li Ma Zhan Sun Xia Liu Yu-Gui Zheng 《Journal of Iron and Steel Research International》 SCIE EI CSCD 2026年第4期383-399,共17页
The effects of nitrate ion(NO3−)concentration on corrosion behavior of 304L and C25 stainless steels in 6 mol/L boiling nitric acid(simulating spent nuclear fuel reprocessing)were explored.Increasing NO3−t... The effects of nitrate ion(NO3−)concentration on corrosion behavior of 304L and C25 stainless steels in 6 mol/L boiling nitric acid(simulating spent nuclear fuel reprocessing)were explored.Increasing NO3−to 5 mol/L accelerate the corrosion of both 304L and C25 steels by enhancing the cathodic reduction reaction drastically,as evidenced by the increased corrosion current density and mass loss rate,positive shifts in corrosion potential,and a decrease in cathodic Tafel slope.These observations suggest a transition from activation-controlled to diffusion-or mixed-controlled corrosion mechanisms.Meanwhile,passive films degraded significantly with the reduced Cr(OH)3/Cr2O3 content.304L stainless steel undergoes intergranular corrosion at low NO3−concentrations(0.5 mol/L)and transitions to uniform corrosion at 5 mol/L NO3−.In contrast,C25 stainless steel exhibits pitting corrosion at NO3−concentrations of 3 mol/L or higher,with the formation of Mo-oxide precipitates observed at 5 mol/L. 展开更多
关键词 Nitrate ion Spent fuel reprocessing 304L stainless steel C25 stainless steel Passive film
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Defect-engineered gradient reconstruction for the upcycling of spent LiFePO4to generate high-value LiFe1−xMnxPO4/C cathodes 认领 引用
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作者 Shuaijing Ji Yanqiong Tan +6 位作者 Junwei Wang Fengqian Wang Danpeng Cheng Zhenxing Wang Zhongwen Ouyang Shun Tang Yuancheng Cao 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第1期306-316,I0008,共11页
Recycling spent lithium-ion(Li+)batteries is critical for achieving environmental conservation and the strategic recovery of essential resources.Compared with conventional methods for recovering cathode materials,whic... Recycling spent lithium-ion(Li+)batteries is critical for achieving environmental conservation and the strategic recovery of essential resources.Compared with conventional methods for recovering cathode materials,which are energy-intensive and prone to secondary pollution,the direct regeneration approach has emerged as a rapid and highly efficient method,gaining widespread attention in recent years.However,this approach faces major challenges,including degraded electrochemical performances and limited economic value.This study,therefore,proposes a high-value direct regeneration strategy to convert degraded spent LiFePO4(S-LFP)into a gradient manganese(Mn)-doped regenerated LiFe0.7Mn0.3PO4/C(R-LFMP)composite.This method leverages the inherent microcracks and Li vacancies present in S-LFP,likely acting as diffusion channels for the Mn2+/Li+ions.Through a two-step mechanochemical ball-milling and carbothermal reduction process,this approach achieves simultaneous Li replenishment and surface-localised Mn gradient doping with enhanced structural control.Notably,the R-LFMP exhibits an exceptional electrochemical performance.At 0.1 C,it delivers a discharge capacity of 161.4 mA h g−1and an energy density of 563.5 Wh kg−1(representing a 60.5%improvement over S-LFP).Additionally,it maintains 83%capacity retention after 900 cycles at 0.5C,a considerable enhancement compared to commercial LFMP(62%).Furthermore,the regenerated cathode material generates a net profit of$7.102 kg−1,surpassing the profitability of conventional recycling methods by 90%.Overall,this study introduces a transformative and sustainable LFP regeneration technology,achieving breakthroughs in electrochemical restoration and high-value recycling,while paving the way for the closed-loop utilisation of LFP-based energy storage systems. 展开更多
关键词 Spent LiFePO4recycling Defect-guided gradient reconstruction Gradient manganese doping Closed-loop recycling Economic viability
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Efficient Recycling of Spent LiCoO2 Cathodes Via Confined Pore-Assisted Simplified Direct Carbothermic Reduction Without External Reducing Agents 认领 引用
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作者 Donghun Kang Joowon Im +2 位作者 Sujong Chae Haeseong Jang Minseong Ko 《Energy & Environmental Materials》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第2期15-21,共7页
As demand for lithium-ion batteries increases,the supply of materials is increasingly constrained by their geographical concentration.This has spurred significant research into recycling spent batteries to enhance res... As demand for lithium-ion batteries increases,the supply of materials is increasingly constrained by their geographical concentration.This has spurred significant research into recycling spent batteries to enhance resource circulation.Currently,commercially applied recycling methods(such as pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy)face environmental and economic challenges,including waste acid and gas generation,high-temperature heat treatment,and operational complexity.A promising alternative is the carbothermic reduction process,which operates at lower temperatures,minimizing costs and environmental emissions.However,this method still requires large quantities of external reducing agents.Therefore,this study aims to introduce a simplified direct carbothermic reduction(SDCR)process.The SDCR process leveraged carbon conductive materials and organic binders within the electrode as reducing agents.Additionally,the high compaction state created a conducive environment for reducing gases,promoting efficient reduction and material recovery.This approach reduces the reliance on external reducing agents and streamlines the re-upcycling process,making it commercially viable. 展开更多
关键词 carbothermic reduction closed-loop recycling lithium-ion batteries simplified direct carbothermic reduction spent cathode material
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Green closed-loop recycling process for all elements in spent LiMn2O4 cathode materials 认领 引用
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作者 Qinglong Sun Natnael Ghebretatios +7 位作者 Zhidong Chang Wei Wang Benard Amakanji Otota Bin Dong Jialong Li Yaqi Wang Leiying Zhang Zhiyi Chen 《Particuology》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第7期10-24,共15页
With the impending surge in retired lithium‑ion batteries,developing efficient strategies for recovering valuable elements has attracted significant attention.This study presents an innovative closed‑loop recycling me... With the impending surge in retired lithium‑ion batteries,developing efficient strategies for recovering valuable elements has attracted significant attention.This study presents an innovative closed‑loop recycling method that integrates NH4Cl reductive roasting with a selective ammonia leaching system to achieve the complete recovery and regeneration of lithium and manganese from spent LiMn2O4cathodes.The reaction mechanism was elucidated using XRD,SEM‑EDS,and XPS demonstrating that Mn4+/Mn3+in the LiMn2O4spinel structure is simultaneously reduced and chlorinated by NH4+from molten ammonium salts.This synergistic process efficiently converts the cathode material into water‑soluble LiCl and(NH4)*(2)MnCl*(4).Notably,residual nitrogen is stored and recycled as NH4+,with no impurity cations introduced during roasting.Under optimized roasting conditions(350℃,15 min,w(s‑LMO)/w(NH4Cl)=1:2.5),the chlorination extent of manganese reached 88%,with the residual fraction stabilized as Mn3O4,while the lithium conversion efficiency approached 96%.Subsequent leaching in an NH3·H2O–H2O system enabled the nearly complete separation of Li and Mn,yielding battery‑grade Li2CO3.The incorporation of 2%H2O2as an oxidizing agent facilitated the selective precipitation of over 99%of the manganese in the form of spherical nano‑crystalline Mn3O4,while the lithium leaching efficiency remained virtually quantitative.The overall recovery rate for lithium reached 96%,while that for manganese approached 100%.Thermodynamic analysis and comprehensive characterization reveal the underlying mechanisms governing this selective manganese precipitation.Finally,the regenerated LiMn2O4cathode material synthesized via the closed‑loop process exhibited excellent structural integrity and electrochemical performance,confirming the viability and sustainability of the proposed methodology. 展开更多
关键词 Spent LiMn2O4cathode material Reductive chlorination Ammoniacal leaching Li/Mn separation Full-element closed-loop recovery Cathode material regeneration
Direct Repair of the Crystal Structure and Coating Surface of Spent LiFePO4Materials Enables Superfast Li-Ion Migration 认领 引用
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作者 Yuanqi Lan Jianfeng Wen +7 位作者 Yatian Zhang Xuexia Lan Tianyi Song Jie Zhu Jing Peng Wenjiao Yao Yongbing Tang Hui-Ming Cheng 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2026年第4期755-770,共16页
The rapid accumulation of spent LiFePO4(LFP)cathodes from retired lithium-ion batteries necessitates the development of effective and environmental-friendly recycling strategies.In this context,direct regeneration ... The rapid accumulation of spent LiFePO4(LFP)cathodes from retired lithium-ion batteries necessitates the development of effective and environmental-friendly recycling strategies.In this context,direct regeneration has emerged as a promising approach for reclaiming LFP cathode materials,offering a streamlined pathway to restore their electrochemical functionality.We report an integrated regeneration protocol that simultaneously repairs the degraded crystal structure and reconstructs the damaged carbon coating in spent LFP.The regenerated cathode material had superfast lithium-ion diffusion kinetics and a stable cathode-electrolyte interface,giving a remarkable rate capability with specific capacities of 122 m Ah g-1at 5C and 106 m Ah g-1at 10C(1C=170 m A g-1).It also maintained capacities of 110.7 m Ah g-1(5C)and 84.1 m Ah g-1(10C)after 400 cycles.It could be used in harsh environments and could be stably cycled at subzero temperatures(-10 and-20°C)and in solid-state electrolyte batteries.Life cycle assessment combined with economic evaluation using the Ever Batt model reveals that this direct regeneration approach has high economic and environmental benefits. 展开更多
关键词 Spent Li-ion battery LiFePO4cathode Direct recycling
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Recycling technologies of spent lithium-ion batteries and future directions:A review 认领 引用 被引量：7
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作者 Xue-song GAO Meng WU +5 位作者 Guang-jin ZHAO Kun-hong GU Jia-jia WU Hong-bo ZENG Wen-qing QIN Jun-wei HAN 《Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第1期271-295,共25页
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the most popular energy storage devices due to their high energy density,high operating voltage,and long cycle life.However,green and effective recycling methods are needed because LIBs ... Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are the most popular energy storage devices due to their high energy density,high operating voltage,and long cycle life.However,green and effective recycling methods are needed because LIBs contain heavy metals such as Co,Ni,and Mn and organic compounds inside,which seriously threaten human health and the environment.In this work,we review the current status of spent LIB recycling,discuss the traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical recovery processes,and summarize the existing short-process recovery technologies such as salt-assisted roasting,flotation processes,and direct recycling.Finally,we analyze the problems and potential research prospects of the current recycling process,and point out that the multidisciplinary integration of recycling will become the mainstream technology for the development of spent LIBs. 展开更多
关键词 spent lithium battery short-process recycling secondary resources pretreatment metal recovery
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Revealing role of oxidation in recycling spent lithium iron phosphate through acid leaching 认领 引用 被引量：6
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作者 Dan-Feng Wang Min Chen +7 位作者 Jing-Jing Zhao Feng-Yin Zhou Hong-Ya Wang Xin Qu Yu-Qi Cai Zhi-Yu Zheng Di-Hua Wang Hua-Yi Yin 《Rare Metals》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第3期2059-2070,共12页
The efficient recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4,also referred to as LFP)should convert Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ),which is key to the extraction of Li and separation of Fe and is not well understood.Herein,we ... The efficient recycling of spent lithium iron phosphate(LiFePO4,also referred to as LFP)should convert Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ),which is key to the extraction of Li and separation of Fe and is not well understood.Herein,we systematically study the oxidation of LiFePO4in the air and in the solution containing oxidants such as H2O2and the effect of oxidation on the leaching behaviors of LFP.In the air,O2breaks down the LFP olivine structure at 550℃for 1 h by oxidizing Fe(Ⅱ)to Fe(Ⅲ)in terms of converting LFP to Li3Fe2(PO4)3and Fe2O3.After that,Li is leached in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution and is further recycled as Li3PO4with a Li recovery efficiency of 97.48%.Meanwhile,Fe is recovered as FePO4and Fe2O3.Compared with H2SO4-H2O2,the air oxidation saves H2O2but increases the leaching efficiency of Fe and H2SO4consumption.The discrepancy of Fe leaching efficiency can be attributed to the different leaching mechanisms involving the solid-to-solid and solid-to-liquid-to-solid conversions.Furthermore,the results of the Everbatt model analysis show that the air roasting-H2SO4leaching method has low emission and potentially high income,which is simple and safe.Overall,this work will deepen the understanding of acid leaching of LFP and favorably stimulate the maturation of the LFP recycling technique. 展开更多
关键词 Spent lithium iron phosphate battery Air roasting Acid leaching Oxidation Recovery
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Toward Joule heating recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries:A rising direct regeneration method 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Haoxuan Yu Meiting Huang +4 位作者 Yifeng Li Liang Chen Hui Lv Liming Yang Xubiao Luo 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2025年第6期501-513,I0012,共13页
Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are critical for the rapid growth of electric vehicles(EVs),but their inherent lifespan leads to numerous retirements and resource challenges.The efficacy of conventional recycling technique... Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)are critical for the rapid growth of electric vehicles(EVs),but their inherent lifespan leads to numerous retirements and resource challenges.The efficacy of conventional recycling techniques is increasingly compromised by their high energy consumption and secondary pollution,rendering them less responsive to greener and more sustainable requirement of rapid development.Thus,the direct recycling process emerged and was considered as a more expedient and convenient method of recycling compared to the conventional recycling modes that are currently in study.However,due to the reliance on the indispensable sintering process,direct recycling still faces considerable challenges,motivating researchers to explore faster,greener,and more cost-effective strategies for LIBs recycling,Inspiringly,Joule heating recycling(JHR),an emerging technique,offers rapid,efficient impurity removal and material regeneration with minimal environmental impact,addressing limitations of existing methods.This method reduces the time for direct recycling of spent LIBs by a factor of at least three orders of magnitude and exhibits significant potential for future industrial production.Unfortunately,due to the lack of systematic organization and reporting,this next generation approach to direct recycling of spent LIBs has not yet gained much interest.To facilitate a more profound comprehension of rising flash recycling strategy,in this study,JHR is distinguished into two distinctive implementation pathways(including flash Joule heating and carbon thermal shock),designed to accommodate varying pretreatment stages and diverse spent LIBs materials.Subsequently,the advantages of the recently developed JHR of spent LIBs in terms of material performance,environmental friendliness,and economic viability are discussed in detail.Ultimately,with the goal of achieving more attractive society effects,the future direction of JHR of spent LIBs and its potential for practical application are proposed and envisaged. 展开更多
关键词 Joule heating Spent lithium-ionbatteries Flash recycling Regeneration Upcycling
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Metabolomics, network pharmacology, and microbiome analyses uncover the mechanisms of the Chinese herbal formula for the improvement of meat quality in spent hens 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 Zhihua Li Abul Kalam Azad +6 位作者 Chengwen Meng Xiangfeng Kong Jue Gui Wenchao Lin Yadong Cui Wei Lan Qinghua He 《Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2025年第2期948-964,共17页
Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi... Background Meat originating from the spent hen is an important source of poultry meat production;however,multiple factors cause the decline in the meat quality of spent hens.Chinese herbs have been widely used as medi-cine for a long time to prevent diseases and as nutrient supplements to improve the product quality.This experi-ment explored the effects of adding 1.0%Chinese herbal formula(CHF,including 0.30%Leonurus japonicus Houtt.,0.20%Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge.,0.25%Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,and 0.25%Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)for 120 d to the spent hens’diet through metabolomics,network pharmacology,and microbiome strategies.Results The results indicated that CHF supplementation improved the meat quality by reducing drip loss(P<0.05),b*value(P=0.058),and shear force(P=0.099)and increasing cooked meat percentage(P=0.054)and dry matter(P<0.05)of breast muscle.The addition of CHF improved the nutritional value of breast muscle by increasing(P<0.05)the content of C18:2n-6,n-6-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA),total PUFA,PUFA-to-saturated fatty acids(SFA)ratio,and hypocholesterolemic-to-hypercholesterolemic ratio,and tending to increase serine content(P=0.069).The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed that the biosynthesis of SFA,linoleic acid metabolism,fatty acid degradation,fatty acid elongation,and fatty acid biosynthesis pathways were enriched by CHF supplementation.Furthermore,the network pharmacology analysis indicated that CHF was closely associated with oxidative stress and lipid metabo-lism.The CHF supplementation increased the glutathione peroxidase level(P<0.05)and upregulated gene expres-sion related to the Nrf2 pathway(including HO-1,P<0.05;Nrf2,P=0.098;CAT,P=0.060;GPX1,P=0.063;and SOD2,P=0.052)and lipid metabolism(including PPARγ,P<0.05;SREBP1,P=0.059;and CPT1A,P=0.058).Additionally,CHF supplementation increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes,Spirochaetes,and Synergistetes abundances(P<0.05),which may contribute to better meat quality.Conclusions Our results suggest that CHF supplementation improved the quality and nutritional value of meat,which will provide a theoretical basis for the utilization of CHF as a feed additive in spent hens’diets. 展开更多
关键词 Cecal microbiota Chinese herbal formula Fatty acid Meat quality Network pharmacology Spent hens
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