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A New Lizard(Lepidosauria:Squamata) from the Upper Cretaceous of Henan,China 认领 引用 被引量：3
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作者 XU Li WU Xiaochun +4 位作者 Lü Junchang JIA Songhai ZHANG Jiming PU Hanyong ZHANG Xingliao 《Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2014年第4期1041-1050,共10页
Funiusaurus luanchuanensis gen. et sp. nov. was described on the basis of an incomplete skull from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of the Tantou Basin in Luanehuan County, Henan Province. It is the second represe... Funiusaurus luanchuanensis gen. et sp. nov. was described on the basis of an incomplete skull from the Upper Cretaceous Qiupa Formation of the Tantou Basin in Luanehuan County, Henan Province. It is the second representative of lizards known from Luanchuan and adds a new member to the Luanchuan Fauna. F. luanchuanensis is a small-sized lizard and systematically assigned to the Polyglyphanodontidae of the Teiioidea because of the presence of a caniniform tooth and an elongate posterior process of the postorbital. It is distinctive in that the heterodont dentition bears 19 teeth in both the upper and lower jaws, the 3^rd maxillary tooth is large and caniniform, the post-caniniform teeth in maxilla and those posterior to the 3^rd dentary tooth are chisel-like in lateral view, the prefrontal possesses a fossa on its lateral surface, the postorbital with an extremely elongate posterior process and the well-developed retroarticular process has a deep fossa on its dorsal surface. In phylogeny, our analysis suggests a close relationship of Funiusaurus to the large-sized Tianyusaurus from the same basin within the Tuberocephalosaurinae. The discovery of Funiusaurus is significant in confirming the status of the Tuberocephalosaurinae, which includes a group of the Asian members of the Polyglyphanodontidae only. 展开更多
关键词 Squamata Funiusaurus Qiupa Formation Late Cretaceous Henan
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Reproduction and genetic diversity of Juniperus squamata along an elevational gradient in the Hengduan Mountains 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Tsam Ju Zhi-Tong Han +5 位作者 Markus Ruhsam Jia-Liang Li Wen-Jing Tao Sonam Tso Georg Miehe Kang-Shan Mao 《Plant Diversity》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2022年第4期369-376,共8页
Elevation plays a crucial factor in the distribution of plants,as environmental conditions become increasingly harsh at higher elevations.Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of large-scale elevational ... Elevation plays a crucial factor in the distribution of plants,as environmental conditions become increasingly harsh at higher elevations.Previous studies have mainly focused on the effects of large-scale elevational gradients on plants,with little attention on the impact of smaller-scale gradients.In this study we used 14 microsatellite loci to survey the genetic structure of 332 Juniperus squamata plants along elevation gradient from two sites in the Hengduan Mountains.We found that the genetic structure(single,clonal,mosaic)of J.squamata shrubs is affected by differences in elevational gradients of only 150 m.Shrubs in the mid-elevation plots rarely have a clonal or mosaic structure compared to shrubs in lower-or higher-elevation plots.Human activity can significantly affect genetic structure,as well as reproductive strategy and genetic diversity.Sub-populations at mid-elevations had the highest yield of seed cones,lower levels of asexual reproduction and higher levels of genetic diversity.This may be due to the trade-off between elevational stress and anthropogenic disturbance at mid-elevation since there is greater elevational stress at higher-elevations and greater intensity of anthropogenic disturbance at lower-elevations.Our findings provide new insights into the finer scale genetic structure of alpine shrubs,which may improve the conservation and management of shrublands,a major vegetation type on the Hengduan Mountains and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 展开更多
关键词 Fine-scale structure Juniperus squamata High elevation Human disturbance
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On the Occurrence of Oligodon joynsoni (Smith,1917)(Squamata:Colubridae) in China 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Ke JIANG Tianbo CHEN +5 位作者 Patrick DAVID Gernot VOGEL Mian HOU Zhiyong YUAN Yuanjun MENG Jing CHE 《Asian Herpetological Research》 SCIE 2012年第4期316-321,共6页
On the basis of a different dorsal pattern,and a low number of maxillary teeth,the specimens of Oligodon joynsoni(Smith,1917) from the Nonggang National Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China formerly identified as O. joynsoni ... On the basis of a different dorsal pattern,and a low number of maxillary teeth,the specimens of Oligodon joynsoni(Smith,1917) from the Nonggang National Nature Reserve,Guangxi,China formerly identified as O. joynsoni by several authors should be referred to the recently described species O. nagao David,Nguyen,Nguyen,Jiang,Chen,Teynié,and Ziegler,2012. Here,we provide the first genuine record of O. joynsoni(Smith,1917) in China based on a male specimen collected from Xishuangbanna,Yunnan,China. 展开更多
关键词 taxonomy revision record Oligodon joynsoni Colubridae Squamata
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Phylogenetic Relationship of an Extremely Endangered Species, Pinus squamata (Pinaceae) Inferred from Four Sequences of the Chloroplast Genome and ITS of the Nuclear Ribosomal DNA 认领 引用 被引量：5
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作者 张志勇 杨俊波 李德铢 《Acta Botanica Sinica》 2003年第5期530-535,共6页
Pinus squamata X. W. Li, a recently-described species of the Pinaceae, is an extremely endangered pine with only 32 individuals in the wild. This species was thought to be intermediate between P. bungeana Zuec. ex End... Pinus squamata X. W. Li, a recently-described species of the Pinaceae, is an extremely endangered pine with only 32 individuals in the wild. This species was thought to be intermediate between P. bungeana Zuec. ex Endl. of subgen. Strobus and P. yunnanensis Franch. of subgen. Pinus by the original author. We made an effort to address the question of the phylogenetic relationship of this peculiar and important species in the context of the major groups of the genus Pinus by using sequences of the rbcL, matK,genes, rpl20-rps18 spacer, trnV intron of the chloroplast genome and the nuclear ribosomal ITS region. The results of the separated analysis and the combined analysis of the four cpDNA sequences and ITS sequence indicated that P. squamata was a stable member of subsect. Gerardianae and P. gerardiana Wall. was the closest species of P. squamata phylogenetically. As a result, the causes of the distribution pattern of subsect. Gerardianae were also discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Pinus squamata phylogenetic relationship rbc L mat K rpl20-rps 18 trn V ITS
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Gerarda prevostiana(Eydoux and Gervais,1837)(Squamata:Serpentes:Homalopsidae),a New Snake for Borneo 认领 引用
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作者 Indraneil DAS Hans BREUER Samuel SHONLEBEN 《Asian Herpetological Research》 SCIE 2013年第1期76-78,共3页
A new record of the homalopsid snake, Gerarda prevostiana is presented from a mangrove-dominated patch in the vicinity of Kampung Bako, Sarawak, East Malaysia, and this comprises the first published record from the Su... A new record of the homalopsid snake, Gerarda prevostiana is presented from a mangrove-dominated patch in the vicinity of Kampung Bako, Sarawak, East Malaysia, and this comprises the first published record from the Sundaic Island of Borneo. A possible second locality for the species is a ca. 6.68 km site to its northeast, Kampung Buntal, based on an unlocated museum specimen. The species is widespread in mainland Southeast Asia, with additional records to the west （the Indian Subcontinent） and east （the Philippines Archipelago）, but was previously unrecorded from the islands of the Sundas. The secretive habits of the species, including the occupancy of mud lobster （Thalassinia spp.） mounds in mostly inaccessible, swampy habitats may be a reason for its perceived rarity and few published records. 展开更多
关键词 Gerarda prevostiana serpentes Squamata Homalopsidae Borneo new record
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A Glimpse into the Natural History of Leiolepis rubritaeniata Mertens,1961(Squamata:Leiolepididae) 认领 引用
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作者 Gunther KÖHLER Panupong THAMMACHOTI 《Asian Herpetological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2023年第2期147-155,共9页
During the months of April through July 2020 we studied aspects of the natural history of Leiolepis rubritaeniata,a species of butterfly lizard that occurs on the Khorat Plateau in Thailand and adjacent regions of Lao... During the months of April through July 2020 we studied aspects of the natural history of Leiolepis rubritaeniata,a species of butterfly lizard that occurs on the Khorat Plateau in Thailand and adjacent regions of Laos and Cambodia as well as in south-central Vietnam.We present data on population size and structure,as well as location,size,compass orientation,and structure of the lizard’s burrows.Also,we present climatic data(ambient air temperature and precipitation)at the study site for the duration of our field work as well as temperature data for the complete year 2021.Furthermore,we provide data on egg laying,incubation conditions and characteristics of the hatchlings.Finally,we present an easy to use and reliable non-invasive method for the long-term recognition of individual butterfly lizards based on their unique dorsal patterning.Butterfly lizards are utilized as a food source for the local human population.So far,there are no farming projects in Thailand involving this species and all individuals are collected from the wild populations.No data are available on the population dynamics of L.rubritaeniata but it can be assumed that habitat destruction due to land use change as well as its utilization for human consumption have negative effects on the long-term survival of the local populations of this lizard species.The baseline data presented here are essential for any meaningful conservation strategy for these lizards. 展开更多
关键词 Burrow structure butterfly lizard ecology Khorat Plateau Southeast Asia Squamata
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A New Species of the Genus Protobothrops(Squamata: Viperidae) from Southern Tibet, China and Sikkim, India 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 Hujun PAN Basundhara CHETTRI +4 位作者 Daode YANG Ke JIANG Kai WANG Liang ZHANG Gernot VOGEL 《Asian Herpetological Research》 SCIE 2013年第2期109-115,共7页
A new species of the genus Protobothrops Hoge ＆ Romano-Hoge, 1983, was described from Jilong County, southern Tibet, China, and Chungthang, northern Sikkim, India. It differs from congeners by the following character... A new species of the genus Protobothrops Hoge ＆ Romano-Hoge, 1983, was described from Jilong County, southern Tibet, China, and Chungthang, northern Sikkim, India. It differs from congeners by the following characters： 1） relatively large body size （total length up to 1510 mm）; 2） dorsal scale rows 25-25-19; 3） except for the smooth outermost row, dorsal scales are weakly keeled; 4） relatively high number of ventral （198-216） and subcaudal （65-76 pairs） scales; 5） 7-8 supralabials; 6） 11 to 13 infralabials; 7） dorsal head uniform dark brown, laterally a reddish-brown obscure postocular streak; 8） dorsum of trtmk and tail olive, with distinct black edged red brown transverse bands across the body and tail; and 9） eye from bright brown and reddish brown to mildly brown. The new species was also observed from the Haa Valley in western Bhutan. 展开更多
关键词 new species Protobothrops Viperidae Squamata Himalayan region
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Multidimensional analyses of reptile assemblages:insights from phylogenetic,functional,and taxonomic diversity 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Nadia Vicenzi Agustina Novillo +1 位作者 Jaiber J.Solano-Iguaran Leonardo D.Bacigalupe 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第1期41-53,共13页
Multidimensional biodiversity approaches provide a framework for understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape communities through time and space.In this study,we assess the spatial variation in t... Multidimensional biodiversity approaches provide a framework for understanding the ecological and evolutionary processes that shape communities through time and space.In this study,we assess the spatial variation in taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional diversity of reptile assemblages along Chile’s latitudinal gradient to gain insight into the primary assembly processes structuring these communities.We compiled data on distribution,phylogeny,and functional traits and estimated alpha diversity indices of taxonomic,phylogenetic,and functional dimensions.We then assessed the assembly process under the stress dominance hypothesis(SDH),using null models to test whether the observed phylogenetic and functional diversity deviated from random patterns,suggesting the influence of habitat filtering or interspecific competition.We also examined environmental influences on diversity metrics.Our results show that phylogenetic diversity is a poor proxy for functional diversity,highlighting the importance of multidimensional approaches to understanding the drivers of assemblage composition and structure.In support of the SDH,habitat filtering influenced reptile assemblages in arid and cold environments,whereas interspecific competition influenced the assemblages in milder environments,such as the Mediterranean region and Valdivian forests.Furthermore,the spatial mismatch between diversity metrics allowed us to explore how assemblage composition and structure are influenced by local environmental heterogeneity,biogeographic history,and adaptive radiations of squamate reptiles.Environmental variables,particularly temperature,primary productivity,and topographic complexity,emerged as strong predictors of reptile diversity.Our study highlights the importance of integrating species’evolutionary history and ecological traits with taxonomic richness to improve our understanding of community composition,ecosystem functioning,history,and resilience. 展开更多
关键词 habitat filtering interspecific competition species richness squamata stress dominance hypothesis
Evolutionary patterns of nervous plexuses in 3 iguanid families(Pleurodonta):influence of phylogeny and sexual dimorphism 认领 引用
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作者 Exequiel Alejandro Navarro Mario Ricardo Ruiz-Monachesi +1 位作者 Angel Matias Quipildor Andres Sebastian Quinteros 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2026年第4期457-474,共18页
Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord at the cervicothoracic and lumbosacral regions,where they anastomose to form nerve plexuses.Studies on the neuroanatomy of these plexuses have traditionally focused on descrip... Spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord at the cervicothoracic and lumbosacral regions,where they anastomose to form nerve plexuses.Studies on the neuroanatomy of these plexuses have traditionally focused on descriptive aspects,with little consideration of evolutionary or phylogenetic contexts.South America hosts a diverse fauna of iguanian lizards,which have been the subject of multiple studies,some of which have reported evidence of sexual dimorphism.Considering this,we investigated the evolution of nerve plexuses and compared them between sexes in species of Leiosauridae,Liolaemidae,and Tropiduridae.To visualize the plexuses,we applied differential staining with Sudan Black and performed conventional dissections.Evolutionary analyses were conducted on 8 previously studied neuroanatomical characters using Bayesian inference and parsimony approaches.Our results show congruence between both optimality criteria.The most significant evolutionary variation was observed in Leiosauridae and Liolaemidae.Characters from the brachial plexus exhibited the highest phylogenetic signal and a low evolutionary rate.In contrast,characters from the lumbar plexus showed no phylogenetic signal and varied between sexes.Lumbar plexus traits evolved faster in males than in females.Our findings suggest that brachial plexus characters evolve under a strong phylogenetic influence.Instead,the lumbar plexus in males and females may be shaped by different selective pressures.Females exhibited more conservative traits,whereas males may be influenced by additional selective forces.Phylogeny and sexual dimorphism shape the evolution of the nerve plexuses in studied Pleurodont lizards.This study constitutes a first step toward understanding nervous plexuses from both perspectives in these reptiles. 展开更多
关键词 brachial plexus lumbar plexus neuroanatomy Squamata
云南特有珍稀濒危植物巧家五针松移植保护成效及影响因素分析 认领 引用
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作者 曾颖 胡艳萍 +4 位作者 彭明春 赵彪 王晓帆 周杰 王崇云 《云南大学学报（自然科学版）》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2026年第3期574-582,共9页
在全球生物多样性保护进程加速的背景下,"昆明宣言"(2021)与"昆明−蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架"(2022)确立了保护与修复并重的战略方向.中国积极响应国际承诺,将极小种群野生植物拯救列为国家行动重点.以巧家五针松... 在全球生物多样性保护进程加速的背景下,"昆明宣言"(2021)与"昆明−蒙特利尔全球生物多样性框架"(2022)确立了保护与修复并重的战略方向.中国积极响应国际承诺,将极小种群野生植物拯救列为国家行动重点.以巧家五针松(Pinus squamata)为研究对象,评估其移植保护成效及环境影响机制.结果表明:巧家五针松移植存活率较高,不同保护类型与管护级别对存活率及生长量(胸径和树高年增长量)无显著影响;随机森林模型预测年降水量和土壤总钾密度等环境因子通过非线性阈值效应影响其生长.当前移植保护有效扩增了巧家五针松种群数量,但长期恢复需重点关注移植地相关环境因子的适宜性、遗传多样性的有效保存,将移植地最适环境阈值整合到未来的保护规划.巧家五针松的移植保护为极小种群植物的保护和种群回归提供了有价值的实践经验,并揭示其作为营林树种的潜在价值. 展开更多
关键词 极小种群野生植物 巧家五针松 移植保护 存活率
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不同预处理方式对极危树种巧家五针松种子萌发的影响 认领 引用
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作者 徐颂明 陈一锋 +3 位作者 杨峰 谢镇 潘洪峰 李梦佳 《湖南生态科学学报》 CAS 2026年第1期64-69,共6页
【目的】本研究旨在探究不同预处理方式对极危树种巧家五针松(Pinus squamata)种子萌发的影响,为促进其种群更新提供技术支持。【方法】在测定种子基本特性的基础上,比较干热激、湿热激、赤霉素及草木灰浸提液多种预处理方式对种子萌发... 【目的】本研究旨在探究不同预处理方式对极危树种巧家五针松(Pinus squamata)种子萌发的影响,为促进其种群更新提供技术支持。【方法】在测定种子基本特性的基础上,比较干热激、湿热激、赤霉素及草木灰浸提液多种预处理方式对种子萌发的影响。【结果】中强度干热激(80℃,1 min)处理可显著促进种子萌发,其萌发率(31.7%)和萌发速率指数(1.023)均极显著高于对照组(20.0%,0.767)(P<0.01);而其余处理,如不同强度的湿热激、赤霉素及草木灰浸提液处理,均未表现出显著促进作用,部分处理甚至完全抑制了萌发。【结论】适宜强度的干热激是促进巧家五针松种子萌发的有效物理方法,但种子自身品质较差(空粒率高、收获指数低)是限制其萌发的关键因素;推测该物种的休眠机制可能并不主要依赖于赤霉素调控通路。 展开更多
关键词 巧家五针松 种子萌发 干热激 赤霉素 种子品质
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极度濒危植物巧家五针松的根内和根际真菌群落特征 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 张子睿 周静 +3 位作者 胡艳萍 梁爽 马永鹏 陈伟乐 《植物生态学报》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2025年第10期1600-1611,共12页
巧家五针松(Pinus squamata)是中国特有的极度濒危植物,野生种群仅存于云南省巧家县,面临生境脆弱与种群恢复困难等问题。根内和根际真菌群落对濒危植物的种群维持和生态适应具有重要影响,但目前对于巧家五针松真菌群落特征的研究尚存... 巧家五针松(Pinus squamata)是中国特有的极度濒危植物,野生种群仅存于云南省巧家县,面临生境脆弱与种群恢复困难等问题。根内和根际真菌群落对濒危植物的种群维持和生态适应具有重要影响,但目前对于巧家五针松真菌群落特征的研究尚存不足。该研究通过原位采样和高通量测序,分析了巧家五针松的野生种群和人工繁育种群的真菌群落结构及其地理分异格局,比较了巧家五针松与伴生植物在真菌群落结构上的差异。结果表明:(1)巧家五针松的野外种群和人工繁育种群在根内和根际的真菌群落结构上均存在显著差异,其中野生种群的真菌多样性低于迁地保护的人工繁育种群。(2)对于野生种群,西坡和东坡两个种群个体的真菌群落存在显著差异。(3)外生菌根(ECM)真菌中的蜡壳耳属(Sebacina)、红菇属(Russula)和金孢牛肝菌属(Xanthoconium)等为巧家五针松的优势菌属,尤其是对于分布在土壤养分缺乏的西坡种群。(4)巧家五针松与邻域树种共享部分ECM真菌,反映出菌根真菌网络在资源共享与生态稳定中的协同作用。该研究揭示了影响巧家五针松真菌群落的非生物和生物因素,并提出在未来保育工作中应结合人工接种菌根真菌与优化繁育环境,恢复关键共生菌丝网络,以促进“松-菌”一体化的恢复愿景。 展开更多
关键词 濒危植物 极小种群 巧家五针松 外生菌根真菌 根际根内真菌群落 保护策略
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极小种群植物巧家五针松拯救保护研究综述 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 杨忠兴 华朝朗 +4 位作者 陈春祥 赵昌奎 胡艳萍 吴明慧 张天壁 《林业调查规划》 2025年第1期115-121,共7页
从野生种群现状与生境特征、致危因素、繁殖生物学特性与繁殖技术、保护遗传学特征、综合保护与实践等方面对巧家五针松拯救保护研究进行综述,介绍拯救保护取得的进展。通过近地、迁地、种群回归等综合保护与实践,巧家五针松已从34株野... 从野生种群现状与生境特征、致危因素、繁殖生物学特性与繁殖技术、保护遗传学特征、综合保护与实践等方面对巧家五针松拯救保护研究进行综述,介绍拯救保护取得的进展。通过近地、迁地、种群回归等综合保护与实践,巧家五针松已从34株野生种群扩繁到3550多株。34株野生种群分布区已建立了国家级自然保护区,建设了防火隔离带,实施了病虫害防治、抗旱、抗寒、宣传教育等一系列保护措施,开展了原生境及其种群动态监测,野外种群得到了强有力保护;建立樟木箐种群回归点1处,保存株数1600多株,2023年回归种群首次开展采种育苗;巧家县境内建立了近地保护点11处,保存株数1100多株,建立迁地保护点13处、种子库1个,保存株数850多株。巧家五针松拯救保护工作取得了显著成效,为巧家五针松的基因保存、种群延续奠定了坚实基础。 展开更多
关键词 巧家五针松 极小种群 拯救保护 云南药山国家级自然保护区
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五针白皮松在群落演替过程中的种间联结性分析 认领 引用 被引量：46
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作者 张志勇 陶德定 李德铢 《生物多样性》 CAS 2003年第2期125-131,共7页
通过方差分析、χ2 检验和共同出现百分率PC等的计算 ,对五针白皮松 (Pinussquamata)分布的群落中主要树种间的种间联结性进行了定量分析。研究结果表明 :2个五针白皮松分布的群落总体种间关联性为显著正相关 ,其中半阳坡上的群落为正相... 通过方差分析、χ2 检验和共同出现百分率PC等的计算 ,对五针白皮松 (Pinussquamata)分布的群落中主要树种间的种间联结性进行了定量分析。研究结果表明 :2个五针白皮松分布的群落总体种间关联性为显著正相关 ,其中半阳坡上的群落为正相关 ,阴坡上的群落为显著正相关。由于半阳坡上的群落为针阔叶混交林 ,而阴坡上的群落为常绿阔叶林 ,表明五针白皮松分布的群落有从针阔叶混交林向常绿阔叶林演替的趋势。χ2 检验和共同出现百分率PC的结果说明 ,阴坡群落的树种间有较密切的正相关 ,五针白皮松与其他树种总体上无关联性 ,表明五针白皮松是一个阳性先锋树种 ,它与其他物种的共同出现往往是由于随机的因素。同时 ,通过五针白皮松年龄结构并联系云南松 (Pinusyunnanensis)与其他物种关系的分析得出结论 ,五针白皮松的濒危状况可能是在长期的植被演化过程中被阔叶树种排挤所造成的。 展开更多
关键词 Pinus squamata 群落演替 种间联结
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Choosing between a rock and a hard place: Camouflage in the round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 William E. COOPER, Jr. Wade C. SHERBROOKE 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2012年第4期541-548,共8页
The round-tailed homed lizard Phrynosoma modestum is cryptically colored and resembles a small stone when it draws legs close to its body and elevates its back. We investigated effectiveness of camouflage in P. modest... The round-tailed homed lizard Phrynosoma modestum is cryptically colored and resembles a small stone when it draws legs close to its body and elevates its back. We investigated effectiveness of camouflage in P. modestum and its dependence on stones by placing a lizard in one of two microhabitats （uniform sand or sand with surface rocks approximately the same size as lizards）. An observer who knew which microhabitat contained the lizard was asked to locate the lizard visually. Latency to detec- tion was longer and probability of no detection within 60 s was higher for lizards on rock background than on bare sand. In arenas where lizards could choose to occupy rock or bare sand, much higher proportions selected rocky backgrounds throughout the day; at night all lizards slept among stones. A unique posture gives P modestum a rounded appearance similar to many natural stones. Lizards occasionally adopted the posture, but none did so in response to a nearby experimenter. Stimuli that elicit the posture are unknown. That P. modestum is better camouflaged among rocks than on bare sand and prefers to occupy rocky areas suggests that special resemblance to rocks （masquerade） enhances camouflage attributable to coloration and immobility. 展开更多
关键词 Animal defense Background matching Camouflage Crypsis Masquerade Squamata
Ecology and Behaviour of Burton's Legless Lizard(Lialis burtonis,Pygopodidae) in Tropical Australia 认领 引用 被引量：1
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作者 Michael WALL Richard SHINE 《Asian Herpetological Research》 SCIE 2013年第1期9-21,共13页
The elongate, functionally limbless flap-footed lizards （family Pygopodidae） are found throughout Australia, ranging into southern New Guinea. Despite their diversity and abundance in most Australian ecosystems, pyg... The elongate, functionally limbless flap-footed lizards （family Pygopodidae） are found throughout Australia, ranging into southern New Guinea. Despite their diversity and abundance in most Australian ecosystems, pygopodids have attracted little scientific study. An intensive ecological study of one pygopodid, Burton＇s legless lizard （Lialis burtonis Gray 1835）, was conducted in Australia＇s tropical Northern Territory. L. burtonis eats nothing but other lizards, primarily skinks, and appears to feed relatively infrequently （only 20.8% of stomachs contained prey）. Ovulation and mating occur chiefly in the late dry-season （beginning around September）, and most egg-laying takes place in the early to middle wet-season （November-January）. Females can lay multiple clutches per year, some of which may be fertilised with stored sperm. Free-ranging L. burtonis are sedentary ambush foragers, with radio-tracked lizards moving on average 〈 5 m/day. Most foraging is done diurnally, but lizards may be active at any time of day or night. Radiotracked lizards were usually found in leaf-litter microhabitats, a preference that was also evident in habitat-choice experiments using field enclosures. Lizards typically buried themselves in 6-8 cm of litter; at this depth, they detect potential prey items while staying hidden from predators and prey and avoiding lethally high temperatures. 展开更多
关键词 Squamata habitat use wet-dry tropics thermoregulation movement activity patterns
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Optimal escape theory predicts escape behaviors beyond flight initiation distance:risk assessment and escape by striped plateau lizards Sceloporus virgatus 认领 引用 被引量：2
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作者 William E. COOPER Jr. 《Current Zoology》 CAS 北大核心 2009年第2期123-131,共9页
Escape theory predicts that flight initiation distance （FID = distance between predator and prey when escape begins） is longer when risk is greater and shorter when escape is more costly. A few tests suggest that es... Escape theory predicts that flight initiation distance （FID = distance between predator and prey when escape begins） is longer when risk is greater and shorter when escape is more costly. A few tests suggest that escape theory applies to distance fled. Escape models have not addressed stochastic variables, such as probability of fleeing and of entering refuge, but their economic logic might be applicable. Experiments on several risk factors in the lizard Sceloporus virgatus confirmed all predictions for the above escape variables. FID was greater when approach was faster and more direct, for lizards on ground than on trees, for lizards rarely exposed to humans, for the second of two approaches, and when the predator turned toward lizards rather than away. Lizards fled further during rapid and second consecutive approaches. They were more likely to flee when approached directly, when a predator turned toward them, and during second approaches. They were more likely to enter refuge when approached rapidly. A novel finding is that perch height in trees was unrelated to FID because lizards escaped by moving out of sight, then moving up or down unpredictably. These findings add to a growing body of evidence supporting predictions of escape theory for FID and distance fled. They show that two probabilistic aspects of escape are predictable based on relative predation risk levels. Because individuals differ in boldness, the assessed optimal FID and threshold risks for fleeing and entering refuge are exceeded for an increasing proportion of individuals as risk increases 展开更多
关键词 Approach distance Distance fled Flight initiation distance Predation risk Refuge entry Squamata
The Herpetofauna of Iran: Checklist of Taxonomy, Distribution and Conservation Status 认领 引用
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作者 Barbod SAFAEI-MAHROO Hanyeh GHAFFARI +12 位作者 Hadi FAHIMI Siamak BROOMAND Mahtab YAZDANIAN Elnaz NAJAFI MAJD Seyyed Saeed HOSSEINIAN YOUSEFKHANI Elham REZAZADEH Mahboubeh Sadat HOSSEINZADEH Reza NASRABADI Mehdi RAJABIZADEH Meysam MASHAYEKHI Alireza MOTESHAREI Alireza NADERI Seyed Mahdi KAZEMI 《Asian Herpetological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2015年第4期257-290,共34页
We present an annotated checklist for a total 241 reptiles and 22 amphibians including 5 frogs, 9 toads, 7 newts and salamanders, 1 crocodile, 1 worm lizard, 148 lizards, 79 snakes and 12 turtles and tortoises, includ... We present an annotated checklist for a total 241 reptiles and 22 amphibians including 5 frogs, 9 toads, 7 newts and salamanders, 1 crocodile, 1 worm lizard, 148 lizards, 79 snakes and 12 turtles and tortoises, includes the most scientific literature up to August 2014 and also based on several field surveys conducted in different Provinces of Iran from 2009 to 2014. We present an up-to-dated checklist of reptiles and amphibians in Iran. We provide a comprehensive listing of taxonomy, names, distribution and conservation status of all amphibians and reptiles of Iran. This checklist includes all recognized named taxa, English names for classes, orders, families, species, subspecies along with Persian names for species, including indication of native and introduced species. For the first time we report two non-native introduced reptiles from natural habitats of Iran. Of the total 22 species of amphibians in Iran, 6（27.2%） are endemic and of the total 241 species of reptiles, 55（22.8%） are endemic. Of the 22 amphibians species in Iran, 3（13%） are Critically Endangered, 2（9%） are Vulnerable and of the 241 reptile species 3（1.2%） are Critically Endangered, 4（1.6%） are Endangered and 10（4.1%） are Vulnerable. Accordingly, this paper combines significant aspects of taxonomy, common names, conservation status and distribution of the Iranian herpetofauna. 展开更多
关键词 Amphibians Anura Caudata Reptiles Crocodylia Squamata Testudines Persian common name
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Evolution of Phenotype and Mitochondrial Genome Reveals Limbless and Body-elongated Squamates may Change Their Energy Basis for Locomotion 认领 引用
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作者 Zeng WANG Wei WU +3 位作者 Jinlong REN Changjun PENG Dechun JIANG Jiatang LI 《Asian Herpetological Research》 SCIE CSCD 2021年第2期213-220,共8页
Limb reduction in Squamata present the dramatic characteristic to focus and usually accompanied with particularly morphological modifications, impacting tremendous locomotion changing and might generate different ener... Limb reduction in Squamata present the dramatic characteristic to focus and usually accompanied with particularly morphological modifications, impacting tremendous locomotion changing and might generate different energy requirement. Herein, we combined both morphological and mitochondrial genomic data to explore the evolution of phenotypic transformation and mitochondrial genome of limbless and body-elongated squamates. We collected phenotypic measurements of 503 individuals, representing limbed or limbless taxa across all major lineages in Squama ta to investiga te the morphological correla tions with limb-reduction. Furthermore, we provided the mitochondrial genome of the representative limbless and elongated species Dibamus bourreti(Angel, 1935) to detect selective constraints on limbless clades with published mitogenomes of other squa ma te reptiles. Our results evidenced tha t body elongation had certain negative relationship with limbreduction in Squamata lineage and Lacertilia lineage(R = –0.495, P < 2.2 e-16;R= –0.332, P = 1.1 e-13, respectively), while tail length showed slight correlation in both clades(R = 0.156, P = 4.3 e-04;R= 0.192, P = 2.1 e-05, respectively). Besides, detection demonstrated that ATP6 has experienced accelerated evolution among limbless lineages, suggesting selective pressure on mitogenomes may play an essential role in energy disparity for locomotion of limbed and limbless squamates. 展开更多
关键词 limb-reduction mitogenome morphology selective pressure Squamata
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Predator-prey distance and latency to flee from an immobile predator: functional relationship and importance 认领 引用
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作者 William E. COOPER JR Jose MARTIN 《Current Zoology》 SCIE CAS CSCD 2016年第2期117-122,共6页
When an immobile prey has detected an immobile predator nearby, predation risk is greater when the predator is closer. Consequently, prey flee with shorter latency as standing distance （predator-prey distance when bo... When an immobile prey has detected an immobile predator nearby, predation risk is greater when the predator is closer. Consequently, prey flee with shorter latency as standing distance （predator-prey distance when both are still） decreases. Since it was first reported in 2009, this relationship has been confirmed in the few species studied. However, little is known about the functional relationship between standing distance and latency to flee （LF）. We hypothesized that LF increases as standing distance increases at short distances, but reaches a plateau at longer distances where prey can escape reliably if attacked. We simulated immobile predators by moving slowly into positions near striped plateau lizards Sceloporus virgatus, stopping and then remaining immobile, and recording LF from the stopping time. LF increased from shorter to longer standing distances in a decelerating manner. The relationship was concave downward, and LF was indistinguishable among the longer standing distance groups. Latency to flee appears to reach a plateau or approach an asymptotic value as stand- ing distance increases. The effect size of standing distance was large, indicating that S. virgatus sensi- tively adjusts LF to the level of risk associated with standing distance. Relationships between risk assessment and theoretical zones associated with risk, its assessment by prey, and escape decisions are discussed. Effect sizes of standing distance were substantial to large in all studies to date, indicating that standing distance is an important predation risk factor when both predator and prey are immobile. 展开更多
关键词 antipredatory behavior escape behavior latency to flee squamata standing distance.
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