Women comprise 20% of world’s billion smokers. Especially troubling is raising prevalence of tobacco use among girls. In fact, it is expected that 20% of women in developing/developed countries will be smokers by 202...Women comprise 20% of world’s billion smokers. Especially troubling is raising prevalence of tobacco use among girls. In fact, it is expected that 20% of women in developing/developed countries will be smokers by 2025. This study analytically compares knowledge, attitudes, and practices of tobacco use, by gender, among 4 sub-populations in Alexandria, Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional approach was used for 4 subgroups (high school students, university students, shopping malls/clubs’ attendees, employees of health-related facilities), 1000 each (total sample size = 4000). A modified version of WHO questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Smoking prevalence was generally higher among males (29%-44%) compared to females (2% - 9%) in the studied groups. Cafeterias were preferable smoking places for both genders, especially among high school/university students. Most smokers in the 4 subgroups reported that most or all their friends were smokers. Mean knowledge scores were found to be higher among male employees/high school students, compared to females in the same sub-groups. Mean attitude scores towards smoking were higher among females (i.e. against smoking) in the 4 sub-samples. Conclusion & Recommendations: Tobacco use among males is generally higher among males, but females seem to be catching up. Social gatherings seem to attract many youngsters, of both genders, to smoke in public, especially waterpipe (which is a growing epidemic of tobacco use in our communities). Mass community- and gender-based health awareness campaigns are needed, using different channels, including school-based health education interventions, at the earliest age possible.展开更多
目的探究秩和比法结合疾病诊断分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)在临床科室亚专科护理人员工作量评估及工作倦怠感干预中的应用效果。方法选取2023年1月—2024年12月枣庄市妇幼保健院多个亚专科的80名护理人员作为研究对象,采用随机...目的探究秩和比法结合疾病诊断分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)在临床科室亚专科护理人员工作量评估及工作倦怠感干预中的应用效果。方法选取2023年1月—2024年12月枣庄市妇幼保健院多个亚专科的80名护理人员作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各40名。对照组采用传统工作量评估法、观察组采用秩和比法结合疾病诊断分组评估法,比较2组护理人员的工作量评分、工作倦怠感评分(Maslach burnout inventory,MBI量表)、护理差错率及满意度。结果观察组工作量评估符合率为92.50%,高于对照组的75.00%,观察组工作倦怠感总分为(28.47±6.23)分,低于对照组的(42.35±7.18),观察组护理差错率为3.33‰,低于对照组的10.83‰,观察组满意度为92.00%,高于对照组的75.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论秩和比法结合疾病诊断分组可精准量化亚专科护理工作量,有效缓解护理人员工作倦怠,提升护理质量与满意度,为护理人力资源优化提供科学依据。展开更多
For a finite group G, let S(G) be the set of minimal subgroups of odd order,which are complemented in G. It is proved that if every minimal subgroup X of odd orderof G which does not belong to S(G), CG(X) is eit...For a finite group G, let S(G) be the set of minimal subgroups of odd order,which are complemented in G. It is proved that if every minimal subgroup X of odd orderof G which does not belong to S(G), CG(X) is either subnormal or abnormal in G. Then Gsolvable.展开更多
In this paper,DFT method was used to study the relative stability of hydrogen bonding networks of numerous 512,51262 and 435663 water cluster isomers.Herein we introduced an optimized six-digit definition to character...In this paper,DFT method was used to study the relative stability of hydrogen bonding networks of numerous 512,51262 and 435663 water cluster isomers.Herein we introduced an optimized six-digit definition to characterize diverse sub-grouped hydrogen bonds to consider the cooperative effect of the nearest and nextnearest neighbor water molecules.There are totally 74 kinds of sub-grouped hydrogen bonds in cage hydrate clusters,and these energies can be obtained by iterative calculations.This improvement effectively explains some regularity contained in hydrogen bonding cooperative effect.In general,donor or acceptor fragment sharing identical value of three independent digits usually performs poor cooperative effect,indicating that the existence of those same-digital-array fragments is the necessary condition to judge poor cooperative effect.Vice versa,the existence of different-digital-array is also the necessary condition to judge strong cooperative effect.展开更多
以多个用户为推荐对象的组推荐系统已成为研究热点。目前,组推荐系统大多考虑如何充分挖掘用户偏好来尽可能满足所有用户的需求,但这也造成了推荐列表规模过大的问题,从而导致群组成员无法快速做出决定。针对该问题,文中提出了一种缩小...以多个用户为推荐对象的组推荐系统已成为研究热点。目前,组推荐系统大多考虑如何充分挖掘用户偏好来尽可能满足所有用户的需求,但这也造成了推荐列表规模过大的问题,从而导致群组成员无法快速做出决定。针对该问题,文中提出了一种缩小群组推荐列表的方法(Recommendation Method based on Sub-Group and Social Behavior,RMSGSB)。该方法通过划分子组来缩小群组规模并减少群组偏好属性数量,利用成员的社会行为,从容忍度与利他行为两方面为子组分配权重,以保证推荐公平性。在真实数据集上的实验对比结果表明,该算法具有更好的群组推荐效果。展开更多
模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)子模块电容均压问题,是MMC型高压直流输电系统稳定运行的关键。当桥臂子模块数过多时,采用传统的排序均压算法将使电容电压排序运算量过大,这对控制器的硬件设计带来巨大挑战。针...模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)子模块电容均压问题,是MMC型高压直流输电系统稳定运行的关键。当桥臂子模块数过多时,采用传统的排序均压算法将使电容电压排序运算量过大,这对控制器的硬件设计带来巨大挑战。针对传统均压算法的问题,提出了一种改进的电容电压平衡方法,通过对子模块分组,减少了电容电压排序运算量,同时采用一种组间电压平衡算法,解决了各组间电压不平衡问题。在此基础上,类比整数质因子分解思想进一步优化,得到电容电压平衡分组排序的最优化方法。在实时数字仿真器RT-Lab中搭建了模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,改进方法及最优化方法能在维持子模块电容电压平衡的同时,大大提高仿真计算速度,从而验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。展开更多
The grouping of sensors is a calculation method for partitioning the wireless sensor network into groups, each group consisting of a collection of sensors. A sensor can be an element of multiple groups. In the present...The grouping of sensors is a calculation method for partitioning the wireless sensor network into groups, each group consisting of a collection of sensors. A sensor can be an element of multiple groups. In the present paper, we will show a model to divide the wireless sensor network sensors into groups. These groups could communicate and work together in a cooperative way in order to save the time of routing and energy of WSN. In addition, we will present a way to show how to organize the sensors in groups and provide a combinatorial analysis of some issues related to the performance of the network.展开更多
摘要Women comprise 20% of world’s billion smokers. Especially troubling is raising prevalence of tobacco use among girls. In fact, it is expected that 20% of women in developing/developed countries will be smokers by 2025. This study analytically compares knowledge, attitudes, and practices of tobacco use, by gender, among 4 sub-populations in Alexandria, Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional approach was used for 4 subgroups (high school students, university students, shopping malls/clubs’ attendees, employees of health-related facilities), 1000 each (total sample size = 4000). A modified version of WHO questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: Smoking prevalence was generally higher among males (29%-44%) compared to females (2% - 9%) in the studied groups. Cafeterias were preferable smoking places for both genders, especially among high school/university students. Most smokers in the 4 subgroups reported that most or all their friends were smokers. Mean knowledge scores were found to be higher among male employees/high school students, compared to females in the same sub-groups. Mean attitude scores towards smoking were higher among females (i.e. against smoking) in the 4 sub-samples. Conclusion & Recommendations: Tobacco use among males is generally higher among males, but females seem to be catching up. Social gatherings seem to attract many youngsters, of both genders, to smoke in public, especially waterpipe (which is a growing epidemic of tobacco use in our communities). Mass community- and gender-based health awareness campaigns are needed, using different channels, including school-based health education interventions, at the earliest age possible.
摘要目的探究秩和比法结合疾病诊断分组(diagnosis related groups,DRG)在临床科室亚专科护理人员工作量评估及工作倦怠感干预中的应用效果。方法选取2023年1月—2024年12月枣庄市妇幼保健院多个亚专科的80名护理人员作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各40名。对照组采用传统工作量评估法、观察组采用秩和比法结合疾病诊断分组评估法,比较2组护理人员的工作量评分、工作倦怠感评分(Maslach burnout inventory,MBI量表)、护理差错率及满意度。结果观察组工作量评估符合率为92.50%,高于对照组的75.00%,观察组工作倦怠感总分为(28.47±6.23)分,低于对照组的(42.35±7.18),观察组护理差错率为3.33‰,低于对照组的10.83‰,观察组满意度为92.00%,高于对照组的75.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论秩和比法结合疾病诊断分组可精准量化亚专科护理工作量,有效缓解护理人员工作倦怠,提升护理质量与满意度,为护理人力资源优化提供科学依据。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Autonomous Region(0249001)
摘要For a finite group G, let S(G) be the set of minimal subgroups of odd order,which are complemented in G. It is proved that if every minimal subgroup X of odd orderof G which does not belong to S(G), CG(X) is either subnormal or abnormal in G. Then Gsolvable.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21672018)。
摘要In this paper,DFT method was used to study the relative stability of hydrogen bonding networks of numerous 512,51262 and 435663 water cluster isomers.Herein we introduced an optimized six-digit definition to characterize diverse sub-grouped hydrogen bonds to consider the cooperative effect of the nearest and nextnearest neighbor water molecules.There are totally 74 kinds of sub-grouped hydrogen bonds in cage hydrate clusters,and these energies can be obtained by iterative calculations.This improvement effectively explains some regularity contained in hydrogen bonding cooperative effect.In general,donor or acceptor fragment sharing identical value of three independent digits usually performs poor cooperative effect,indicating that the existence of those same-digital-array fragments is the necessary condition to judge poor cooperative effect.Vice versa,the existence of different-digital-array is also the necessary condition to judge strong cooperative effect.
摘要以多个用户为推荐对象的组推荐系统已成为研究热点。目前,组推荐系统大多考虑如何充分挖掘用户偏好来尽可能满足所有用户的需求,但这也造成了推荐列表规模过大的问题,从而导致群组成员无法快速做出决定。针对该问题,文中提出了一种缩小群组推荐列表的方法(Recommendation Method based on Sub-Group and Social Behavior,RMSGSB)。该方法通过划分子组来缩小群组规模并减少群组偏好属性数量,利用成员的社会行为,从容忍度与利他行为两方面为子组分配权重,以保证推荐公平性。在真实数据集上的实验对比结果表明,该算法具有更好的群组推荐效果。
摘要模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)子模块电容均压问题,是MMC型高压直流输电系统稳定运行的关键。当桥臂子模块数过多时,采用传统的排序均压算法将使电容电压排序运算量过大,这对控制器的硬件设计带来巨大挑战。针对传统均压算法的问题,提出了一种改进的电容电压平衡方法,通过对子模块分组,减少了电容电压排序运算量,同时采用一种组间电压平衡算法,解决了各组间电压不平衡问题。在此基础上,类比整数质因子分解思想进一步优化,得到电容电压平衡分组排序的最优化方法。在实时数字仿真器RT-Lab中搭建了模块化多电平换流器直流输电系统(modular multilevel converter high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)模型进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,改进方法及最优化方法能在维持子模块电容电压平衡的同时,大大提高仿真计算速度,从而验证了所提出方法的有效性和可行性。
摘要The grouping of sensors is a calculation method for partitioning the wireless sensor network into groups, each group consisting of a collection of sensors. A sensor can be an element of multiple groups. In the present paper, we will show a model to divide the wireless sensor network sensors into groups. These groups could communicate and work together in a cooperative way in order to save the time of routing and energy of WSN. In addition, we will present a way to show how to organize the sensors in groups and provide a combinatorial analysis of some issues related to the performance of the network.