An advanced super-resolution reconstruction method for turbulent flows should be efficient,avoiding reliance on high-resolution data;reliable,strictly adhering to physical laws;and accurate,effectively reconstructing ...An advanced super-resolution reconstruction method for turbulent flows should be efficient,avoiding reliance on high-resolution data;reliable,strictly adhering to physical laws;and accurate,effectively reconstructing both small-and large-scale flow structures.To achieve these objectives,we developed TurbRec,an unsupervised,physically-consistent full-scale turbulent reconstruction model.This novel framework is designed to capture both high-and low-frequency information for precise recon-struction of small-and large-scale turbulent structures.TurbRec relies entirely on low-resolution inputs and governing equations,eliminating the need for high-resolution data and ensuring both efficiency and physical fidelity.Inspired by the multi-scale nature of turbulence and the energy cascade process,our approach integrates frequency-aware Fourier feature embeddings,capturing the full spectrum of turbulent frequencies and enhancing the model’s ability to represent intricate spectral details.To maintain physi-cal consistency,we embed the governing equations within the super-resolution process and introduce a series of physics-motivated strategies,including segmented learning with overlapping windows,multi-scale normalization,and an enhanced residual learning network architecture.These innovations address known challenges in turbulent flow reconstruction,such as accurately predicting small-scale structures and ensuring smooth transitions across temporal boundaries.Numerical experiments demonstrate that Tur-bRec consistently outperforms traditional physics-informed neural networks in predicting instantaneous spatial flow structures,turbulent kinetic energy spectra,and various turbulent statistics.展开更多
The synergistic innovation of nanoscale optical fabrication and characterization technologies holds the key to overcoming three-dimensional(3D)precision manufacturing bottlenecks.This study reports the novel self-repo...The synergistic innovation of nanoscale optical fabrication and characterization technologies holds the key to overcoming three-dimensional(3D)precision manufacturing bottlenecks.This study reports the novel self-reporting functionality of 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin(DETC)in photoresist,which serves as both a super-resolution photoinitiator and an intrinsic fluorophore with stimulated emission depletion(STED)behavior and polymerization-dependent lifetime characteristics.Through the development of an integrated system combining STED-inspired periphery photoinhibition(PPI)printing with dual-mode imaging,we achieve simultaneous in situ characterization and super-resolution quality verification.Specifically,PPI imaging demonstrates 50-nm lateral resolution for 40-nm printed lines and resolves 200-nm axial gaps when characterizing developed structures.Furthermore,in situ fluorescence lifetime imaging(FLIM)achieves nanometer-level resolution,comparable to confocal microscopy,by utilizing DETC’s lifetime shift to characterize undeveloped structures.This synergy imaging approach resolves the trade-off between resolution and non-destructive detection,while establishing a new paradigm for closed-loop optimization of complex 3D nanodevices,with profound implications for nanophotonics,precision biosensing,and ultrahigh-density optical storage.展开更多
The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses ...The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses substantial challenges.Issues such as water scarcity,energy crises,escalating greenhouse gas emissions,and diminishing farm profitability threaten longterm agricultural sustainability.In response,we applied a holistic food–carbon–nitrogen–water–energy–profit (FCNWEP)nexus framework to comprehensively assess the sustainability of distinct crop management strategies across three subsites in Central China.Field experiments were conducted in Hubei and Hunan provinces from 2017 to 2021 using a widely adopted elite super hybrid rice cultivar (Y-liangyou 900).Four crop management treatments were implemented:a control(CK,0 kg N ha-1),conventional crop management (CCM,210–250 kg N ha-1,7:3 basal:mid-tiller fertilizer ratio),and two integrated crop management (ICM) treatments (ICM1,180–210 kg N ha-1,5:2:3 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation fertilizer ratio;ICM2,240–270 kg N ha-1,5:2:2:1 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation:flowering fertilizer ratio).Variables assessed included grain yield,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint,water footprint,energy footprint,nitrogen use efficiency,and economic benefits.Our results showed significant yield variations,with ICM2 consistently outperforming CCM and ICM1across all three sites.In Jingzhou,Suizhou,and Changsha,ICM2’s grain yield was 30.2,24.7,and 13.3%higher than CCM,respectively.Net profits under ICM2 exceeded those of CCM and ICM1 by 31.8 and 115.2%in Jingzhou,32.2 and 109.9%in Suizhou,and 15.4 and 34.0%in Changsha,respectively.Integrated crop management,particularly ICM2,demonstrated improved nitrogen and energy use efficiency,leading to reduced carbon,nitrogen,water,and energy footprints.Overall,composite sustainability scores derived from the FCNWEP framework indicated that both ICM2 and ICM1 exhibited higher sustainability levels compared to CCM.This study provides valuable insights into practical management methodologies and offers recommendations for enhancing agricultural sustainability.展开更多
In order to facilitate the recycling of sewage sludge ash(SSA),and to reveal the effects of SSA and super absorbent polymers(SAP)on the volumetric deformation of the high performance cementbased materials,the separate...In order to facilitate the recycling of sewage sludge ash(SSA),and to reveal the effects of SSA and super absorbent polymers(SAP)on the volumetric deformation of the high performance cementbased materials,the separate and coupled effects of SSA and SAP on the volumetric deformation of the cement pastes with a low water/binder ratio(0.25)under different environmental conditions(sealed,drying,and water immersion environments)were studied.The results showed that the addition of SSA or SAP reduced the autogenous and drying shrinkage,and increased the water immersion expansion strain of the cement pastes.The addition of SSA and SAP together further reduced the autogenous and drying shrinkage,and increased the water immersion expansion.The synergistic effect of SSA and SAP on the volumetric deformation of the cement pastes was observed under a sealed environment.It was less significant under a water immersion environment.Under drying environment,the reduction in shrinkage caused by the combined addition of SSA and SAP was lower than the sum of the reduced shrinkages caused by SSA and SAP alone.These findings provided a new potential approach for the recycling and utilization of SSA.展开更多
The proportion of intense tropical cyclones is projected to increase under climate change,posing growing threats to global biodiversity.However,most existing research has been conducted in the North Atlantic region an...The proportion of intense tropical cyclones is projected to increase under climate change,posing growing threats to global biodiversity.However,most existing research has been conducted in the North Atlantic region and has focused on their impacts on natural habitats,whereas other cyclone-prone but biodiversity-rich and human-disturbed ecosystems have been overlooked.Moreover,while functional traits are important in mediating species'responses to habitat change,their role remains understudied in cyclone contexts.To address these issues,we assessed the differences in bird communities before and after a super typhoon across two coastal habitat types in Haikou,southern China:urban green space and suburban habitats.We evaluated species richness,total abundance,community composition,and how functional traits shaped species'resilience to a super typhoon.We recorded 45 species and 1627 individuals from the field survey of 101.5-km-long transects.Species richness remained stable in both habitats after the typhoon.Bird abundance at the transect level declined in both habitats,but this decline was significant only in suburban habitats;community composition also shifted in both habitats due to species replacement and concurrent population gains and losses.Functional trait analysis indicated that species with a higher hand-wing index,lower body mass,or open-country habitat association were more vulnerable.These findings highlight the heightened vulnerability of suburban habitats to cyclonic disturbances and underscore the importance of incorporating functional trait analysis and non-forest ecosystems into climate impact assessments to inform more holistic biodiversity conservation strategies.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide,and surgery remains the cornerstone of curative treatment.However,the extent of surgical resection may significantly in...BACKGROUND Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide,and surgery remains the cornerstone of curative treatment.However,the extent of surgical resection may significantly influence postoperative immune and inflammatory responses,which are closely related to recovery and complication rates.AIM To compare the effects of super minimally invasive surgery(SMIS)and organresection surgery(ORS)for gastric cancer on postoperative immune and inflammatory responses.METHODS This prospective study included patients with gastric cancer who underwent SMIS or conventional ORS between May 2023 and April 2024.Peripheral blood samples were collected one day preoperatively and on the third postoperative day.Plasma levels of 92 trauma-and immunity-related proteins were quantified using the Olink proteomic platform.Differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)before and after surgery were identified within each group,and comparative analyses were performed to assess immune-inflammatory alterations between SMIS and ORS.RESULTS A total of 38 patients were included:20 in the SMIS group and 18 in the ORS group.Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the groups(all P>0.05).Proteomic analysis identified 13 DEPs after SMIS and 37 DEPs after ORS.Nine DEPs were shared between the surgical models(TMPRSS15,CNTN2,HPGDS,PLXDC1,NPPC,CA14,calcitonin,platelet-derived growth factor C,and nitric oxide synthase).Among these,calcitonin,platelet-derived growth factor C,and nitric oxide synthase showed the most prominent postoperative upregulation,particularly after ORS,indicating a stronger trauma-related immune response than SMIS.CONCLUSION SMIS for gastric cancer was associated with a reduced postoperative immune-inflammatory response and lower trauma-related protein expression than ORS,suggesting better immune preservation and lower surgical stress.展开更多
The recrystallization microstructure,texture,precipitation behavior,and their effects on the mechanical and corrosion properties of a cold-rolled 26.7Cr-3.7Mo-2Ni super ferritic stainless steel sheet containing pre-pr...The recrystallization microstructure,texture,precipitation behavior,and their effects on the mechanical and corrosion properties of a cold-rolled 26.7Cr-3.7Mo-2Ni super ferritic stainless steel sheet containing pre-precipitated Laves phases are investigated after annealing at 950-1090℃for 1 min.Annealing at 950-990℃induced partial dissolution of sub-micron Laves phases,promoting extensive precipitation of nano-sized Laves particles at subgrain and grain boundaries.These nano-particles pinned boundaries,suppressing subgrain coalescence in//ND-oriented grains and inhibiting full recrystallization,resulting in a mixed texture of weakγ-fiber combined with strongα-andα*-fibers.The residual Laves phases promoted pit initiation leading to high corrosion rate.In contrast,annealing at 1010-1090℃further dissolved sub-micron Laves phases,reduced nano-sized precipitation,and enabled complete recrystallization.Under these conditions,the average corrosion rate remained consistently low,while a singular,strongγ-fiber texture progressively intensified with temperature.The optimal combination of properties was achieved at 1030℃,exhibiting a tensile strength of 680 MPa,yield strength of 530 MPa,elongation of 24.65%,and an average corrosion rate of approximately 0.02 mm/a in 6%FeCl3+1%HCl solution at 65℃.Compared with SEA-CURE steel,the experimental alloy exhibited significantly enhanced strength,elongation,and corrosion resistance through controlled Laves phase precipitation and optimized recrystallization annealing,indicating strong potential for practical applications.展开更多
A compact TM020-mode RF cavity was proposed and studied by KEK and RIKEN for the storage ring of the NanoTerasu facility.However,performance limitations due to accelerating mode leakage into the coaxial slots have ...A compact TM020-mode RF cavity was proposed and studied by KEK and RIKEN for the storage ring of the NanoTerasu facility.However,performance limitations due to accelerating mode leakage into the coaxial slots have been identified.This paper presents an improved TM020-mode cavity design to solve this issue.By employing an elliptical choke,the leakage power can be significantly reduced.Harmful parasitic modes other than the TM020-mode are effectively suppressed using the elliptical choke placed at the magnetic node of the TM020-mode.Through optimization,this improved TM020-mode RF cavity meets the requirements of the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF)collider rings with a beam current of up to 2 A.Detailed mechanical design and thermal analysis confirm the feasibility and stability of the improved cavity.展开更多
Extracting spatio-temporal cues from neighbouring frames is challenging in video super-resolution(VSR).Although deformable alignment-based VSR methods have shown promise in aligning neighbouring frames with the refere...Extracting spatio-temporal cues from neighbouring frames is challenging in video super-resolution(VSR).Although deformable alignment-based VSR methods have shown promise in aligning neighbouring frames with the reference frame,most existing methods rely on one or a few traditional convolutions to estimate motion offsets for spatio-temporal alignment,restricting receptive field size and alignment accuracy.To address these limitations,we propose an effective spatio-temporal alignment network(ESTA-Net)for VSR.The core component of our method is the group convolution-based alignment module(GCBAM),which utilises cascaded group convolutions to learn offsets across both the original and downsampled resolutions.By employing group convolutions rather than traditional convolutions,GCBAM enables the deformable alignment to achieve a wider receptive field with lower computational cost,thereby improving the accuracy of offset estimation.Additionally,the bi-scale alignment strategy within GCBAM enhances robustness to complex and large-scale motions.Furthermore,we introduce an attention-based feature enhancement module(AFEM)to refine the aligned features,focusing on critical details to improve reconstruction quality.Extensive experiments on standard benchmarks show that our ESTA-Net achieves superior VSR performance against other advanced methods,while maintaining a good equilibrium between model size and performance.展开更多
The Local Surface Plasma Resonance(LSPR)of spherical metal particles is typically only observed within the visible spectrum.This inherent property renders modulation through alterations in radius or material challengi...The Local Surface Plasma Resonance(LSPR)of spherical metal particles is typically only observed within the visible spectrum.This inherent property renders modulation through alterations in radius or material challenging,significantly constraining its practical applications.In this work,we propose a super-elliptic gold nanoparticle model that allows for the continuous modulation of particle geometry from spherical to star-like shapes using a single roundness parameter(e).Unlike conventional nanorods or discrete nanostars,this geometry provides a unified framework to investigate the evolution of multipole resonances.The radiation characteristics of super elliptic gold nanoparticles in the range of 0.3~2.5μm were calculated by using the Finite Difference Time Domain method.The present study investigates the effects of the particle roundness parameter and particle size on the LSPR response.The results demonstrated that an augmentation in the particle roundness parameter resulted in a substantial enhancement of the absorption efficiency of the particles.Concurrently,a discernible red shift in the LSPR peaks was observed within the visible light spectrum.A greater prevalence of LSPR peaks was observed in the visible and near infrared band for the super elliptical gold nanoparticles with large roundness parameter.Super-elliptical particles have been observed to exhibit multiple plasmonic absorption peaks,in contrast to the more typical behaviour of conventional noble metal particles,which typically exhibit only one or two such peaks.The effect of the roundness parameter on the local surface plasma resonance response of nanoparticles of varying sizes is consistent.The super elliptic gold nanoparticles have potential applications in the fields of solar heating,radiative cooling,biomedical and photocatalysis.展开更多
As extreme climatic events,super typhoons can exert severe threats to terrestrial vegetation ecosystems.Super typhoon‘Yagi’(No.2411),recognized as the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2024,was characterize...As extreme climatic events,super typhoons can exert severe threats to terrestrial vegetation ecosystems.Super typhoon‘Yagi’(No.2411),recognized as the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2024,was characterized by prolonged duration,extensive spatial impact,and exceptional destructive capacity.This study evaluated the sensitivity and response mechanisms of surface vegetation ecosystems to super typhoons on multiple dimensions using remote sensing,survey,and observation data.The results revealed that:1)this super typhoon(intensity≥level 7)affected an area of 1484145 km2;506640 km2was terrestrial area.Typhoon intensity was positively correlated with the severity of vegetation destruction,following a concentric gradient pattern that decreased radially from the typhoon’s core.2)In non-built-up area,forest ecosystems were the predominant land cover type that is affected by the super typhoon(271807 km2),followed by croplands(69151 km2).Different forest ecosystems exhibited varying susceptibility to the super typhoon.Mixed forests demonstrated extreme susceptibility,with 60.30%Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)deterioration,whereas broadleaf forests exhibited comparatively greater wind resistance(30.89%NDVI deterioration).3)In built-up area,the sensitivity of vegetation of urban functional zones to super typhoon‘Yagi’exhibited spatial heterogeneity,influenced by landscape patterns.Sensitivity of different tree species to the super typhoon also varied,with Areca catechu exhibiting an 85%uprooting rate,while Syagrus,Pterocarpus indicus and Dypsis lutescens maintained uprooting rates below 10%.This study quantitatively assesses the heterogeneous impacts of super typhoon‘Yagi’on vegetation across large scales,and provided scientific references for typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.展开更多
Label-free super-resolution imaging based on the spatial-frequency-shift(SFS)effect enables conventional microscopes to surpass the diffraction limit,holding significant promise for nanoscale inspection in materials s...Label-free super-resolution imaging based on the spatial-frequency-shift(SFS)effect enables conventional microscopes to surpass the diffraction limit,holding significant promise for nanoscale inspection in materials science and biology.However,current SFS approaches generally face a practical trade-off in obtaining both the ultra-high resolution and the high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)when using high lateral wavevector(kx)illumination supported by a natural waveguide or single metal film.Here,we proposed a wavevector resonance modulation scheme in multilayered nanostructures that introduces an enhanced deep SFS effect,which is realized by surface plasmon polariton illumination supported by a designed multilayer with relaxed fabrication tolerance.This approach simultaneously achieves a peak-topeak distance of∼70 nm under the excitation wavelength of 780 nm,a resonance-enhanced illumination field,and a more than 10-fold expansion for the coherent transfer function(CTF).We demonstrated the simple excitation process by means of gratings and presented an application in nano-imaging experiments for label-free particles.Results show the advance in the resonance-enhanced illumination modulation method for super-resolution imaging,enabling conventional microscopes to detect and distinguish label-free nanoscale structures with characteristic lateral scales down to sub-λ∕10.展开更多
●AIM:To compare the efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement(PSR)surgery versus repeated low-level red light therapy(RLRL)treatment in controlling high and super high myopia(HM and SHM)of Chinese children.●METHOD...●AIM:To compare the efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement(PSR)surgery versus repeated low-level red light therapy(RLRL)treatment in controlling high and super high myopia(HM and SHM)of Chinese children.●METHODS:This retrospective case analysis enrolled Chinese children with HM(-6.00 to-10.00 D;76 children,120 eyes)or SHM(0.05).In the PSR group,BCVA improved significantly at 1 and 2y in both myopia groups(all P0.05).In the RLRL group,BCVA was significantly improved at 1 and 2y,while AL shortened and SE decreased obviously from 3mo to 2y after treatment(all P<0.05);The SHM group showed greater BCVA improvement and AL reduction than the HM group at 1 and 2y,whereas SE improvement was similar between the two groups.In the control group,BCVA declined significantly,accompanied by continuous increases in AL and SE at the 2-year follow-up(all P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:PSR and RLRL effectively improve BCVA in children with HM and SHM.PSR slows AL and SE progression,whereas RLRL reduces AL and SE,with better BCVA and AL outcomes in SHM at 1 and 2y.Both interventions are safe without severe adverse events within 2y.As a non-surgical approach,RLRL has promising clinical value.展开更多
A thermally driven“Super Vortex”circulation often develops over the Qingzang Plateau(QZP;namely,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau),which is characterized by cyclonic convergence in the lower troposphere and anticyclonic di...A thermally driven“Super Vortex”circulation often develops over the Qingzang Plateau(QZP;namely,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau),which is characterized by cyclonic convergence in the lower troposphere and anticyclonic divergence in the upper troposphere,a structure dynamically analogous to the conditional instability of the second kind(CISK)mechanism in tropical cyclones.Meanwhile,the latent heat released by cloud and precipitation also constitutes a primary component of the QZP's thermal forcing,reinforcing a self-excited positive feedback that maintains this“Super Vortex”dynamic structure.South Asia-sourced aerosols are transported to the Mount Qomolangma(MQ)region,which are closely associated with the“Super Vortex”dynamic structure.These aerosols and the apparent heat source generate a pronounced cloud-precipitation activation effect,thereby enhancing deep convection over the complex terrain of the QZP.The strong buoyancy and shear terms in the QZP boundary layer,induced by inhomogeneous low-level air density over the large-scale terrain,also possess an“efficient”convection triggering capability.From a global perspective,the large-scale terrain boundary layers exhibit general universality in modulating the cloud and precipitation triggering processes.The warming-wetting trend over the QZP and its associated convective activity are closely associated with atmospheric moisture cycling and energy transport arising from trans-hemispheric air-sea interactions.Sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in key oceanic regions of both hemispheres exhibit coherent interdecadal variability with that of low cloud cover(LCC)over the QZP.Furthermore,Rossby wave sources triggered by SST variations over these regions exert non-negligible impacts on the upper-tropospheric circulation of the“Super Vortex”dynamic structure and its convective activity.Deep convective systems that frequently occur over the QZP further enhance the vertical transport efficiency through the“chimney effect”,rapidly conveying energy and moisture into the mid-and upper troposphere.In doing so,they constitute a critical component of the global atmospheric energy and moisture cycles,highlighting the global influence of the QZP“Super Vortex”dynamic structure on atmospheric moisture cycling and climate variability.展开更多
At a robot dining bar at the 2026 Zhongguancun Forum Annual Conference in Beijing,customers scanned a QR code to place an order.The system automatically split it into tasks for six robots from different companies work...At a robot dining bar at the 2026 Zhongguancun Forum Annual Conference in Beijing,customers scanned a QR code to place an order.The system automatically split it into tasks for six robots from different companies working in coordination.They made coffee,prepared candied hawthorn skewers,picked up food,and delivered it to the table.Without human intervention,a coffee-and-dessert set was served in just two minutes.Embodied intelligence,a frontier technology,is rapidly moving from the laboratory into industrial application.展开更多
JX Mart Good prices from June 15 to June 23,2026 Fresh fruits and vegetables 20%off!Conversation A(in the living room)Milo:Check out JX Mart's super sale,Ivy.Ivy:What do they have?Milo:Some fresh fruits and vegeta...JX Mart Good prices from June 15 to June 23,2026 Fresh fruits and vegetables 20%off!Conversation A(in the living room)Milo:Check out JX Mart's super sale,Ivy.Ivy:What do they have?Milo:Some fresh fruits and vegetables are 20%off.Ivy:That's wonderful!Milo:They're selling watermelons for$6.99 each.Ivy:Nice.展开更多
Due to intensive urban development, supertall buildings have become the most prominent feature of modern city skylines. This article focuses on discussing the critical steps and technical methodologies involved in con...Due to intensive urban development, supertall buildings have become the most prominent feature of modern city skylines. This article focuses on discussing the critical steps and technical methodologies involved in constructing supertall buildings, as well as the various risks associated with such projects. The aim is to comprehensively clarify current technological advancements, thoroughly examine the specific manifestations of major risks, and propose effective integrated management and control strategies. The paper first examines the factors driving the rapid growth of supertall buildings, emphasizing the unique challenges and complexities they present in construction processes. It then assesses the overall level of contemporary construction technologies, identifies the most significant technical bottlenecks, and highlights the differences in construction methods and stricter regulatory requirements compared to conventional high-rise buildings. Subsequently, the article delves into key technical approaches employed during construction—including selecting appropriate structural systems for seamless coordination among processes, employing precision engineering techniques for ultra-high pumping operations and large-scale steel structure hoisting, and optimizing the utilization of vertical transportation equipment and formwork systems. Finally, it summarizes the most common risk types encountered during construction, such as safety incidents during elevated work, operational issues with heavy machinery, quality control challenges at complex joints or deep foundation pits, and impacts from extreme weather conditions or environmental disturbances. To address the aforementioned risks, this article recommends utilizing advanced monitoring technologies and information-based management platforms to establish a comprehensive risk early-warning system. It details how to rigorously control quality in critical construction phases while implementing specialized safety measures.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12572266)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF1500600)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo of China(Grant No.2023J027)as well as by the High Performance Computing Centers at Eastern Institute of Technology,Ningbo,and Ningbo Institute of Digital Twin.
摘要An advanced super-resolution reconstruction method for turbulent flows should be efficient,avoiding reliance on high-resolution data;reliable,strictly adhering to physical laws;and accurate,effectively reconstructing both small-and large-scale flow structures.To achieve these objectives,we developed TurbRec,an unsupervised,physically-consistent full-scale turbulent reconstruction model.This novel framework is designed to capture both high-and low-frequency information for precise recon-struction of small-and large-scale turbulent structures.TurbRec relies entirely on low-resolution inputs and governing equations,eliminating the need for high-resolution data and ensuring both efficiency and physical fidelity.Inspired by the multi-scale nature of turbulence and the energy cascade process,our approach integrates frequency-aware Fourier feature embeddings,capturing the full spectrum of turbulent frequencies and enhancing the model’s ability to represent intricate spectral details.To maintain physi-cal consistency,we embed the governing equations within the super-resolution process and introduce a series of physics-motivated strategies,including segmented learning with overlapping windows,multi-scale normalization,and an enhanced residual learning network architecture.These innovations address known challenges in turbulent flow reconstruction,such as accurately predicting small-scale structures and ensuring smooth transitions across temporal boundaries.Numerical experiments demonstrate that Tur-bRec consistently outperforms traditional physics-informed neural networks in predicting instantaneous spatial flow structures,turbulent kinetic energy spectra,and various turbulent statistics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62125504,62105298,22105180,12204434,62405291,and 62505277)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF0502700,2022YFC2403100)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LQ22F050017,LD21F050002)Chinese Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M692953)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Extreme Photonics and Instrumentation,Zhejiang university.
摘要The synergistic innovation of nanoscale optical fabrication and characterization technologies holds the key to overcoming three-dimensional(3D)precision manufacturing bottlenecks.This study reports the novel self-reporting functionality of 7-diethylamino-3-thenoylcoumarin(DETC)in photoresist,which serves as both a super-resolution photoinitiator and an intrinsic fluorophore with stimulated emission depletion(STED)behavior and polymerization-dependent lifetime characteristics.Through the development of an integrated system combining STED-inspired periphery photoinhibition(PPI)printing with dual-mode imaging,we achieve simultaneous in situ characterization and super-resolution quality verification.Specifically,PPI imaging demonstrates 50-nm lateral resolution for 40-nm printed lines and resolves 200-nm axial gaps when characterizing developed structures.Furthermore,in situ fluorescence lifetime imaging(FLIM)achieves nanometer-level resolution,comparable to confocal microscopy,by utilizing DETC’s lifetime shift to characterize undeveloped structures.This synergy imaging approach resolves the trade-off between resolution and non-destructive detection,while establishing a new paradigm for closed-loop optimization of complex 3D nanodevices,with profound implications for nanophotonics,precision biosensing,and ultrahigh-density optical storage.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32172108 and 32301940)the Young Elite Scientists Sponsorship Program by the China Association for Science and Technology (2023QNRC001)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710489)the Chinese Scholarship Council (202310930003)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFD2301004)。
摘要The breakthrough in super hybrid rice yield has significantly contributed to China’s and global food security.However,the inherent conflict between high productivity and environmentally sustainable agriculture poses substantial challenges.Issues such as water scarcity,energy crises,escalating greenhouse gas emissions,and diminishing farm profitability threaten longterm agricultural sustainability.In response,we applied a holistic food–carbon–nitrogen–water–energy–profit (FCNWEP)nexus framework to comprehensively assess the sustainability of distinct crop management strategies across three subsites in Central China.Field experiments were conducted in Hubei and Hunan provinces from 2017 to 2021 using a widely adopted elite super hybrid rice cultivar (Y-liangyou 900).Four crop management treatments were implemented:a control(CK,0 kg N ha-1),conventional crop management (CCM,210–250 kg N ha-1,7:3 basal:mid-tiller fertilizer ratio),and two integrated crop management (ICM) treatments (ICM1,180–210 kg N ha-1,5:2:3 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation fertilizer ratio;ICM2,240–270 kg N ha-1,5:2:2:1 basal:mid-tiller:panicle initiation:flowering fertilizer ratio).Variables assessed included grain yield,carbon footprint,nitrogen footprint,water footprint,energy footprint,nitrogen use efficiency,and economic benefits.Our results showed significant yield variations,with ICM2 consistently outperforming CCM and ICM1across all three sites.In Jingzhou,Suizhou,and Changsha,ICM2’s grain yield was 30.2,24.7,and 13.3%higher than CCM,respectively.Net profits under ICM2 exceeded those of CCM and ICM1 by 31.8 and 115.2%in Jingzhou,32.2 and 109.9%in Suizhou,and 15.4 and 34.0%in Changsha,respectively.Integrated crop management,particularly ICM2,demonstrated improved nitrogen and energy use efficiency,leading to reduced carbon,nitrogen,water,and energy footprints.Overall,composite sustainability scores derived from the FCNWEP framework indicated that both ICM2 and ICM1 exhibited higher sustainability levels compared to CCM.This study provides valuable insights into practical management methodologies and offers recommendations for enhancing agricultural sustainability.
基金Funded by"Pioneer"and"Leading Goose"R&D Program of Zhejiang(No.2023C03146)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52378272,52008372)+2 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Hangzhou(No.2025SZRJJ0450)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY22E080014)Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Green Construction and Intelligent Operation&Maintenance for Coastal Infrastructure(Zhejiang University of Technology)(No.ZKLCDF230302).
摘要In order to facilitate the recycling of sewage sludge ash(SSA),and to reveal the effects of SSA and super absorbent polymers(SAP)on the volumetric deformation of the high performance cementbased materials,the separate and coupled effects of SSA and SAP on the volumetric deformation of the cement pastes with a low water/binder ratio(0.25)under different environmental conditions(sealed,drying,and water immersion environments)were studied.The results showed that the addition of SSA or SAP reduced the autogenous and drying shrinkage,and increased the water immersion expansion strain of the cement pastes.The addition of SSA and SAP together further reduced the autogenous and drying shrinkage,and increased the water immersion expansion.The synergistic effect of SSA and SAP on the volumetric deformation of the cement pastes was observed under a sealed environment.It was less significant under a water immersion environment.Under drying environment,the reduction in shrinkage caused by the combined addition of SSA and SAP was lower than the sum of the reduced shrinkages caused by SSA and SAP alone.These findings provided a new potential approach for the recycling and utilization of SSA.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant 3210130466 to D.J.)Construction Fund of Forestry Discipline of Southwest Forestry University(Grant LXXK-2025D05 to D.J.)。
摘要The proportion of intense tropical cyclones is projected to increase under climate change,posing growing threats to global biodiversity.However,most existing research has been conducted in the North Atlantic region and has focused on their impacts on natural habitats,whereas other cyclone-prone but biodiversity-rich and human-disturbed ecosystems have been overlooked.Moreover,while functional traits are important in mediating species'responses to habitat change,their role remains understudied in cyclone contexts.To address these issues,we assessed the differences in bird communities before and after a super typhoon across two coastal habitat types in Haikou,southern China:urban green space and suburban habitats.We evaluated species richness,total abundance,community composition,and how functional traits shaped species'resilience to a super typhoon.We recorded 45 species and 1627 individuals from the field survey of 101.5-km-long transects.Species richness remained stable in both habitats after the typhoon.Bird abundance at the transect level declined in both habitats,but this decline was significant only in suburban habitats;community composition also shifted in both habitats due to species replacement and concurrent population gains and losses.Functional trait analysis indicated that species with a higher hand-wing index,lower body mass,or open-country habitat association were more vulnerable.These findings highlight the heightened vulnerability of suburban habitats to cyclonic disturbances and underscore the importance of incorporating functional trait analysis and non-forest ecosystems into climate impact assessments to inform more holistic biodiversity conservation strategies.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China,No.2022YFC2503601.
摘要BACKGROUND Gastric cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide,and surgery remains the cornerstone of curative treatment.However,the extent of surgical resection may significantly influence postoperative immune and inflammatory responses,which are closely related to recovery and complication rates.AIM To compare the effects of super minimally invasive surgery(SMIS)and organresection surgery(ORS)for gastric cancer on postoperative immune and inflammatory responses.METHODS This prospective study included patients with gastric cancer who underwent SMIS or conventional ORS between May 2023 and April 2024.Peripheral blood samples were collected one day preoperatively and on the third postoperative day.Plasma levels of 92 trauma-and immunity-related proteins were quantified using the Olink proteomic platform.Differentially expressed proteins(DEPs)before and after surgery were identified within each group,and comparative analyses were performed to assess immune-inflammatory alterations between SMIS and ORS.RESULTS A total of 38 patients were included:20 in the SMIS group and 18 in the ORS group.Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the groups(all P>0.05).Proteomic analysis identified 13 DEPs after SMIS and 37 DEPs after ORS.Nine DEPs were shared between the surgical models(TMPRSS15,CNTN2,HPGDS,PLXDC1,NPPC,CA14,calcitonin,platelet-derived growth factor C,and nitric oxide synthase).Among these,calcitonin,platelet-derived growth factor C,and nitric oxide synthase showed the most prominent postoperative upregulation,particularly after ORS,indicating a stronger trauma-related immune response than SMIS.CONCLUSION SMIS for gastric cancer was associated with a reduced postoperative immune-inflammatory response and lower trauma-related protein expression than ORS,suggesting better immune preservation and lower surgical stress.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52575463)the Key Research and Development Project of Shanxi Province(Grant No.202302050201011)+1 种基金the Central Guidance Fund for Local Science and Technology Development(Grant No.YDZJSX2025D036)the Shanxi Province Patent Conversion Plan Project(Grant No.202402014).
摘要The recrystallization microstructure,texture,precipitation behavior,and their effects on the mechanical and corrosion properties of a cold-rolled 26.7Cr-3.7Mo-2Ni super ferritic stainless steel sheet containing pre-precipitated Laves phases are investigated after annealing at 950-1090℃for 1 min.Annealing at 950-990℃induced partial dissolution of sub-micron Laves phases,promoting extensive precipitation of nano-sized Laves particles at subgrain and grain boundaries.These nano-particles pinned boundaries,suppressing subgrain coalescence in//ND-oriented grains and inhibiting full recrystallization,resulting in a mixed texture of weakγ-fiber combined with strongα-andα*-fibers.The residual Laves phases promoted pit initiation leading to high corrosion rate.In contrast,annealing at 1010-1090℃further dissolved sub-micron Laves phases,reduced nano-sized precipitation,and enabled complete recrystallization.Under these conditions,the average corrosion rate remained consistently low,while a singular,strongγ-fiber texture progressively intensified with temperature.The optimal combination of properties was achieved at 1030℃,exhibiting a tensile strength of 680 MPa,yield strength of 530 MPa,elongation of 24.65%,and an average corrosion rate of approximately 0.02 mm/a in 6%FeCl3+1%HCl solution at 65℃.Compared with SEA-CURE steel,the experimental alloy exhibited significantly enhanced strength,elongation,and corrosion resistance through controlled Laves phase precipitation and optimized recrystallization annealing,indicating strong potential for practical applications.
基金supported by the“Hundred Talents Program”of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.KJ2310007003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.WK2310000114,KY2310000047,and KY2310000067)+1 种基金the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2025PD0102)Super Tau-Charm Facility key technology research project。
摘要A compact TM020-mode RF cavity was proposed and studied by KEK and RIKEN for the storage ring of the NanoTerasu facility.However,performance limitations due to accelerating mode leakage into the coaxial slots have been identified.This paper presents an improved TM020-mode cavity design to solve this issue.By employing an elliptical choke,the leakage power can be significantly reduced.Harmful parasitic modes other than the TM020-mode are effectively suppressed using the elliptical choke placed at the magnetic node of the TM020-mode.Through optimization,this improved TM020-mode RF cavity meets the requirements of the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF)collider rings with a beam current of up to 2 A.Detailed mechanical design and thermal analysis confirm the feasibility and stability of the improved cavity.
基金supported by the Establishment of Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee under Grant No.ZDSYS20190902093015527the Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Committee under Grant No.JSGG20220831104402004。
摘要Extracting spatio-temporal cues from neighbouring frames is challenging in video super-resolution(VSR).Although deformable alignment-based VSR methods have shown promise in aligning neighbouring frames with the reference frame,most existing methods rely on one or a few traditional convolutions to estimate motion offsets for spatio-temporal alignment,restricting receptive field size and alignment accuracy.To address these limitations,we propose an effective spatio-temporal alignment network(ESTA-Net)for VSR.The core component of our method is the group convolution-based alignment module(GCBAM),which utilises cascaded group convolutions to learn offsets across both the original and downsampled resolutions.By employing group convolutions rather than traditional convolutions,GCBAM enables the deformable alignment to achieve a wider receptive field with lower computational cost,thereby improving the accuracy of offset estimation.Additionally,the bi-scale alignment strategy within GCBAM enhances robustness to complex and large-scale motions.Furthermore,we introduce an attention-based feature enhancement module(AFEM)to refine the aligned features,focusing on critical details to improve reconstruction quality.Extensive experiments on standard benchmarks show that our ESTA-Net achieves superior VSR performance against other advanced methods,while maintaining a good equilibrium between model size and performance.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Department of Education of Jiangxi Province(GJJ2409205)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(2024A1515011867,2024A1515011379,2023A1515110613).
摘要The Local Surface Plasma Resonance(LSPR)of spherical metal particles is typically only observed within the visible spectrum.This inherent property renders modulation through alterations in radius or material challenging,significantly constraining its practical applications.In this work,we propose a super-elliptic gold nanoparticle model that allows for the continuous modulation of particle geometry from spherical to star-like shapes using a single roundness parameter(e).Unlike conventional nanorods or discrete nanostars,this geometry provides a unified framework to investigate the evolution of multipole resonances.The radiation characteristics of super elliptic gold nanoparticles in the range of 0.3~2.5μm were calculated by using the Finite Difference Time Domain method.The present study investigates the effects of the particle roundness parameter and particle size on the LSPR response.The results demonstrated that an augmentation in the particle roundness parameter resulted in a substantial enhancement of the absorption efficiency of the particles.Concurrently,a discernible red shift in the LSPR peaks was observed within the visible light spectrum.A greater prevalence of LSPR peaks was observed in the visible and near infrared band for the super elliptical gold nanoparticles with large roundness parameter.Super-elliptical particles have been observed to exhibit multiple plasmonic absorption peaks,in contrast to the more typical behaviour of conventional noble metal particles,which typically exhibit only one or two such peaks.The effect of the roundness parameter on the local surface plasma resonance response of nanoparticles of varying sizes is consistent.The super elliptic gold nanoparticles have potential applications in the fields of solar heating,radiative cooling,biomedical and photocatalysis.
基金Under the auspices of the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2023YFF1304600)the Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.724MS059,423QN233)。
摘要As extreme climatic events,super typhoons can exert severe threats to terrestrial vegetation ecosystems.Super typhoon‘Yagi’(No.2411),recognized as the most intense tropical cyclone worldwide in 2024,was characterized by prolonged duration,extensive spatial impact,and exceptional destructive capacity.This study evaluated the sensitivity and response mechanisms of surface vegetation ecosystems to super typhoons on multiple dimensions using remote sensing,survey,and observation data.The results revealed that:1)this super typhoon(intensity≥level 7)affected an area of 1484145 km2;506640 km2was terrestrial area.Typhoon intensity was positively correlated with the severity of vegetation destruction,following a concentric gradient pattern that decreased radially from the typhoon’s core.2)In non-built-up area,forest ecosystems were the predominant land cover type that is affected by the super typhoon(271807 km2),followed by croplands(69151 km2).Different forest ecosystems exhibited varying susceptibility to the super typhoon.Mixed forests demonstrated extreme susceptibility,with 60.30%Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI)deterioration,whereas broadleaf forests exhibited comparatively greater wind resistance(30.89%NDVI deterioration).3)In built-up area,the sensitivity of vegetation of urban functional zones to super typhoon‘Yagi’exhibited spatial heterogeneity,influenced by landscape patterns.Sensitivity of different tree species to the super typhoon also varied,with Areca catechu exhibiting an 85%uprooting rate,while Syagrus,Pterocarpus indicus and Dypsis lutescens maintained uprooting rates below 10%.This study quantitatively assesses the heterogeneous impacts of super typhoon‘Yagi’on vegetation across large scales,and provided scientific references for typhoon disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2525010,T2293751,and 2024YFF1206700)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2024R01001).
摘要Label-free super-resolution imaging based on the spatial-frequency-shift(SFS)effect enables conventional microscopes to surpass the diffraction limit,holding significant promise for nanoscale inspection in materials science and biology.However,current SFS approaches generally face a practical trade-off in obtaining both the ultra-high resolution and the high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)when using high lateral wavevector(kx)illumination supported by a natural waveguide or single metal film.Here,we proposed a wavevector resonance modulation scheme in multilayered nanostructures that introduces an enhanced deep SFS effect,which is realized by surface plasmon polariton illumination supported by a designed multilayer with relaxed fabrication tolerance.This approach simultaneously achieves a peak-topeak distance of∼70 nm under the excitation wavelength of 780 nm,a resonance-enhanced illumination field,and a more than 10-fold expansion for the coherent transfer function(CTF).We demonstrated the simple excitation process by means of gratings and presented an application in nano-imaging experiments for label-free particles.Results show the advance in the resonance-enhanced illumination modulation method for super-resolution imaging,enabling conventional microscopes to detect and distinguish label-free nanoscale structures with characteristic lateral scales down to sub-λ∕10.
基金Supported by the Henan Province Young and Middle-aged Health Scientific and Technological Innovation Leadership Talent Training Project(No.LJRC2023008).
摘要●AIM:To compare the efficacy of posterior scleral reinforcement(PSR)surgery versus repeated low-level red light therapy(RLRL)treatment in controlling high and super high myopia(HM and SHM)of Chinese children.●METHODS:This retrospective case analysis enrolled Chinese children with HM(-6.00 to-10.00 D;76 children,120 eyes)or SHM(0.05).In the PSR group,BCVA improved significantly at 1 and 2y in both myopia groups(all P0.05).In the RLRL group,BCVA was significantly improved at 1 and 2y,while AL shortened and SE decreased obviously from 3mo to 2y after treatment(all P<0.05);The SHM group showed greater BCVA improvement and AL reduction than the HM group at 1 and 2y,whereas SE improvement was similar between the two groups.In the control group,BCVA declined significantly,accompanied by continuous increases in AL and SE at the 2-year follow-up(all P<0.05).●CONCLUSION:PSR and RLRL effectively improve BCVA in children with HM and SHM.PSR slows AL and SE progression,whereas RLRL reduces AL and SE,with better BCVA and AL outcomes in SHM at 1 and 2y.Both interventions are safe without severe adverse events within 2y.As a non-surgical approach,RLRL has promising clinical value.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U2542206)Major Science and Technology Project of the Xizang Autonomous Region(XZ202402ZD0006-06)+1 种基金Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)Program(2019QZKK0105)Science and Technology Development Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(2025KJ026 and2025KJ021)。
摘要A thermally driven“Super Vortex”circulation often develops over the Qingzang Plateau(QZP;namely,the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau),which is characterized by cyclonic convergence in the lower troposphere and anticyclonic divergence in the upper troposphere,a structure dynamically analogous to the conditional instability of the second kind(CISK)mechanism in tropical cyclones.Meanwhile,the latent heat released by cloud and precipitation also constitutes a primary component of the QZP's thermal forcing,reinforcing a self-excited positive feedback that maintains this“Super Vortex”dynamic structure.South Asia-sourced aerosols are transported to the Mount Qomolangma(MQ)region,which are closely associated with the“Super Vortex”dynamic structure.These aerosols and the apparent heat source generate a pronounced cloud-precipitation activation effect,thereby enhancing deep convection over the complex terrain of the QZP.The strong buoyancy and shear terms in the QZP boundary layer,induced by inhomogeneous low-level air density over the large-scale terrain,also possess an“efficient”convection triggering capability.From a global perspective,the large-scale terrain boundary layers exhibit general universality in modulating the cloud and precipitation triggering processes.The warming-wetting trend over the QZP and its associated convective activity are closely associated with atmospheric moisture cycling and energy transport arising from trans-hemispheric air-sea interactions.Sea surface temperatures(SSTs)in key oceanic regions of both hemispheres exhibit coherent interdecadal variability with that of low cloud cover(LCC)over the QZP.Furthermore,Rossby wave sources triggered by SST variations over these regions exert non-negligible impacts on the upper-tropospheric circulation of the“Super Vortex”dynamic structure and its convective activity.Deep convective systems that frequently occur over the QZP further enhance the vertical transport efficiency through the“chimney effect”,rapidly conveying energy and moisture into the mid-and upper troposphere.In doing so,they constitute a critical component of the global atmospheric energy and moisture cycles,highlighting the global influence of the QZP“Super Vortex”dynamic structure on atmospheric moisture cycling and climate variability.
摘要At a robot dining bar at the 2026 Zhongguancun Forum Annual Conference in Beijing,customers scanned a QR code to place an order.The system automatically split it into tasks for six robots from different companies working in coordination.They made coffee,prepared candied hawthorn skewers,picked up food,and delivered it to the table.Without human intervention,a coffee-and-dessert set was served in just two minutes.Embodied intelligence,a frontier technology,is rapidly moving from the laboratory into industrial application.
摘要JX Mart Good prices from June 15 to June 23,2026 Fresh fruits and vegetables 20%off!Conversation A(in the living room)Milo:Check out JX Mart's super sale,Ivy.Ivy:What do they have?Milo:Some fresh fruits and vegetables are 20%off.Ivy:That's wonderful!Milo:They're selling watermelons for$6.99 each.Ivy:Nice.
摘要Due to intensive urban development, supertall buildings have become the most prominent feature of modern city skylines. This article focuses on discussing the critical steps and technical methodologies involved in constructing supertall buildings, as well as the various risks associated with such projects. The aim is to comprehensively clarify current technological advancements, thoroughly examine the specific manifestations of major risks, and propose effective integrated management and control strategies. The paper first examines the factors driving the rapid growth of supertall buildings, emphasizing the unique challenges and complexities they present in construction processes. It then assesses the overall level of contemporary construction technologies, identifies the most significant technical bottlenecks, and highlights the differences in construction methods and stricter regulatory requirements compared to conventional high-rise buildings. Subsequently, the article delves into key technical approaches employed during construction—including selecting appropriate structural systems for seamless coordination among processes, employing precision engineering techniques for ultra-high pumping operations and large-scale steel structure hoisting, and optimizing the utilization of vertical transportation equipment and formwork systems. Finally, it summarizes the most common risk types encountered during construction, such as safety incidents during elevated work, operational issues with heavy machinery, quality control challenges at complex joints or deep foundation pits, and impacts from extreme weather conditions or environmental disturbances. To address the aforementioned risks, this article recommends utilizing advanced monitoring technologies and information-based management platforms to establish a comprehensive risk early-warning system. It details how to rigorously control quality in critical construction phases while implementing specialized safety measures.