This study presents a novel radial seismic metamaterial(RSM)based on auxetic foam,which can achieve omnidirectional ultra-low-frequency suppression of Lamb waves in the range of 0.97 to 21.04 Hz and effectively shield...This study presents a novel radial seismic metamaterial(RSM)based on auxetic foam,which can achieve omnidirectional ultra-low-frequency suppression of Lamb waves in the range of 0.97 to 21.04 Hz and effectively shield omnidirectional surface waves within 10 Hz.Firstly,the Finite Element method is utilized to investigate the bandgap(BG)characteristics and vibration modes,which shows that the BG can be significantly widened by utilizing the local resonance of the auxetic foam.Subsequently,a three-dimensional radial periodic structure is constructed and the displacement fields of Lamb waves are analyzed in the frequency and time domains.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RSM can effectively attenuate Lamb waves.Parametric analysis indicates that filling auxetic foam with a high elastic modulus,low Poisson’s ratio,and low mass density can further expand the BG.For surface waves,the band structure is first analyzed using the acoustic cone method.Furthermore,a radial periodic structure consisting of the RSM cells is analyzed in the frequency domain,and a significant attenuation is observed within the BG.The attenuation capability of the designed RSM is further tested against real seismic wave signals,and a satisfactory shielding effect for low-frequency signals is achieved within 10 Hz.The designed RSM provides new insights into the development of SMs,exhibiting the superior application potential of auxetic foam for seismic wave shielding.展开更多
Mesoscale eddies exhibit characteristic annular surface current structures and contain substantial eddy kinetic energy,which significantly modulates ocean surface wave parameters and energy distribution.Following prev...Mesoscale eddies exhibit characteristic annular surface current structures and contain substantial eddy kinetic energy,which significantly modulates ocean surface wave parameters and energy distribution.Following previous studies on wave-current interactions,this study further identified mesoscale eddies using Archiving,Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic satellite altimetry data.By integrating observations from the China-France Oceanography Satellite Surface Wave Investigation and Monitoring with reanalysis datasets from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service on waves and currents,three representative regions with strong currents are selected for study:the Gulf of Mexico,the Kuroshio Extension,and the Agulhas.The eddy interior is categorized into zones based on the relative propagation directions of waves and currents,distinguishing between wave-current co-directional and counterdirectional zones.This new wave-current partitioning perspective enables a systematic investigation of how the internal structures of mesoscale eddies modulate key ocean surface wave parameters,including significant wave height(SWH),wavelength,wave direction,and wave spectrum.The results indicate that variations in wavelength and wave direction induced by mesoscale eddies exhibit strong spatial consistency,with the largest absolute changes predominantly occurring in wave-current co-directional zones.In contrast,changes in SWH are relatively small and more susceptible to the influence of other oceanic factors,making it difficult to observe consistent variation patterns across different regions.Further analysis of wave spectra shows that wave energy tends to converge in wave-current counter-directional zones,while divergence is typically observed in co-directional zones.Building on the theories of wave-current interaction and wave dispersion,this study also examines the influence of eddy dynamic parameters such as vorticity,divergence,strain,and deformation rate on wave characteristics across different wave-current directional partitioning.展开更多
Topological insulators with localized edge or interface states have been extensively studied,particularly in phononic crystals and related fields;however,their application in seismic metamaterials remains largely unex...Topological insulators with localized edge or interface states have been extensively studied,particularly in phononic crystals and related fields;however,their application in seismic metamaterials remains largely unexplored.To address this gap,we designed a topological seismic metamaterial,where the topological interface is formed by joining the ends of two distinct one-dimensional periodic lattices.The first full-scale field experiment confirms the existence of topological interface states,which exhibit pronounced localization characteristics and induce a resonant amplification effect of 7.2 dB on the total energy of seismic surface waves.This study provides the first experimental validation for the implementation of topological principles in the design of seismic metamaterials,enabling novel approaches to high-sensitivity seismic detection and efficient energy localization for wave control.展开更多
An eigen-function expansion method based on a new orthogonal inner product is proposed by Sahoo et al. (2000) for the study of the hydroelastic response of mat-type VLFS in head seas. However, their main emphasis is o...An eigen-function expansion method based on a new orthogonal inner product is proposed by Sahoo et al. (2000) for the study of the hydroelastic response of mat-type VLFS in head seas. However, their main emphasis is on the effect of edge conditions and they assume that the plate is of a semi-infinite length. In reality, the plate is of finite length. For consideration of the finite length effect, the reflection and transmission from the other end must be considered. The effect of this reflection and transmission on the hydroelastic response of VLFS is of interest for practical application. Furthermore, the physical meaning of the new inner product was not given in their paper. In this paper, it is shown that the new inner product can he derived from the governing equation and the bottom boundary conditions. Then the same eigen-function expansion method is adopted for the study of the hydroelastic response of an elastic plate of finite length in surface waves. Detailed comparisons are made between the present finite length model and the semi-infinite model and between the present model predictions and the experimental results. It is found that that the finite length effect is significant and the accuracy of present model is higher than the semi-infinite model. Furthermore, a new phenomenon, which is not mentioned in Sahoo et al. (2000), is found. Taht is, for larger L/h ratios, the reflection and transmission coefficients will oscillate with the non-dimensional parameter k(0) h. Further study is needed for full understanding of this phenomenon.展开更多
The effects of sea-surface waves and ocean spray on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) at different wind speeds and wave ages were investigated. An MABL model was developed that introduces a wave-induced c...The effects of sea-surface waves and ocean spray on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) at different wind speeds and wave ages were investigated. An MABL model was developed that introduces a wave-induced component and spray force to the total surface stress. The theoretical model solution was determined assuming the eddy viscosity coefficient varied linearly with height above the sea surface. The wave-induced component was evaluated using a directional wave spectrum and growth rate. Spray force was described using interactions between ocean-spray droplets and wind-velocity shear. Wind profiles and sea-surface drag coefficients were calculated for low to high wind speeds for wind-generated sea at different wave ages to examine surface-wave and ocean-spray effects on MABL momentum distribution. The theoretical solutions were compared with model solutions neglecting wave-induced stress and/or spray stress. Surface waves strongly affected near-surface wind profiles and sea-surface drag coefficients at low to moderate wind speeds. Drag coefficients and near-surface wind speeds were lower for young than for old waves. At high wind speeds, ocean-spray droplets produced by wind-tearing breaking-wave crests affected the MABL strongly in comparison with surface waves, implying that wave age affects the MABL only negligibly. Low drag coefficients at high wind caused by ocean-spray production increased turbulent stress in the sea-spray generation layer, accelerating near-sea-surface wind. Comparing the analytical drag coefficient values with laboratory measurements and field observations indicated that surface waves and ocean spray significantly affect the MABL at different wind speeds and wave ages.展开更多
The inflow angle of tropical cyclones (TC) is generally neglected in numerical studies of ocean surface waves induced by TC. In this study, the impacts of TC inflow angle on ocean surface waves were investigated usi...The inflow angle of tropical cyclones (TC) is generally neglected in numerical studies of ocean surface waves induced by TC. In this study, the impacts of TC inflow angle on ocean surface waves were investigated using a high-resolution wave model. Six numerical experiments were conducted to examine, in detail, thc effects of inflow angle on mean wave parameters and the spectrum of wave directions. A comparison of the waves simulated in these experiments shows that inflow angle significantly modifies TC-induced ocean surface waves. As the inflow angle increases, the asymmetric axis of the significant wave height (SWH) field shifts 30° clockwise, and the maximum SWH moves from the front-right to the rear-right quadrant. Inflow angle also affects other mean wave parameters, especially in the rear-left quadrant, such as the mean wave direction, the mean wavelength, and the peak direction. Inflow angle is a key factor in wave models for the reproduction of double-peak or multi-peak patterns in the spectrum of wave directions. Sensitivity experiments also show that the simulation with a 40° inflow angle is the closest to that of the NOAA statistical SLOSH inflow angle. This suggests that 40° can be used as the inflow angle in future TC-induced ocean surface wave simulations when SLOSH or observed inflow angles are not available.展开更多
The reflection and transmission of obliquely incident Rayleighsurface waves by an in- terphase between two quarter spaces ofidentical or different materials, have been investigated. Themechanical behavior of the inter...The reflection and transmission of obliquely incident Rayleighsurface waves by an in- terphase between two quarter spaces ofidentical or different materials, have been investigated. Themechanical behavior of the interphase is represented by a thinviscoelastic layer. By using the full space Green's functions due toa spatially harmonic line load, the mathematical statement of the3-dimen- sion problem is reduced to a 2-dimension system of singularintegral equations. The far-field behavior of the scattered wavesleads to the definition of reflection and transmission coefficients,R and T.展开更多
The paper studies the propagation of torsional surface waves in an initially stressed anisotropic poro-elastic layer over a semi-infinite heterogeneous half space with linearly varying rigidity and density due to irre...The paper studies the propagation of torsional surface waves in an initially stressed anisotropic poro-elastic layer over a semi-infinite heterogeneous half space with linearly varying rigidity and density due to irregularity at the interface. The irregularity is taken in the half space in the form of a rectangle. It is observed that torsional surface waves propagate in this assumed medium. In the absence of the irregularity, the velocity equation of the torsional surface wave is also obtained. For a layer over a homogeneous half space, the velocity of torsional surface waves coincides with that of the Love waves.展开更多
Acoustical waves propagating along the free surface of granular media under gravity are investigated in the framework of elasticity theory. The influence of stress on a surface wave is analyzed. The results have shown...Acoustical waves propagating along the free surface of granular media under gravity are investigated in the framework of elasticity theory. The influence of stress on a surface wave is analyzed. The results have shown that two types of surface waves, namely sagittal and transverse modes exist depending on initial stress states, which may have some influence on the dispersion relations of surface waves, but the influence is not great. Considering that the present experimental accuracy is far from distinguishing this detail, the validity of elasticity theory on the surface waves propagating in granular media can still be maintained.展开更多
This study concerns calculation of phased array beam fields of the nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves based on the integral solutions for a nonparaxial wave equation. Since the parabolic approximation model for describi...This study concerns calculation of phased array beam fields of the nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves based on the integral solutions for a nonparaxial wave equation. Since the parabolic approximation model for describing the nonlinear Rayleigh waves has certain limitations in modeling the sound beam fields of phased arrays, a more general model equation and integral forms of quasilinear solutions are introduced. Some features of steered and focused beam fields radiated from a linear phased array of the second harmonic Rayleigh wave are presented.展开更多
A new three-dimensional numerical model is derived through a wave average on the primitive N-S equations, in which both the"Coriolis-Stokes forcing" and the"Stokes-Vortex force" are considered. Three ideal experim...A new three-dimensional numerical model is derived through a wave average on the primitive N-S equations, in which both the"Coriolis-Stokes forcing" and the"Stokes-Vortex force" are considered. Three ideal experiments are run using the new model applied to the Princeton ocean model (POM). Numerical results show that surface waves play an important role on the mixing of the upper ocean. The mixed layer is enhanced when wave effect is considered in conjunction with small Langmuir numbers. Both surface wave breaking and Stokes production can strengthen the turbulent mixing near the surface. However, the influence of wave breaking is limited to a thin layer, but Stokes drift can affect the whole mixed layer. Furthermore, the vertical mixing coefficients clearly rise in the mixed layer, and the upper ocean mixed layer is deepened especially in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current when the model is applied to global simulations. It indicates that the surface gravity waves are indispensable in enhancing the mixing in the upper ocean, and should be accounted for in ocean general circulation models.展开更多
In this paper, studied are the dynamics of a moored buoy near the surface subjected to wave excitation. According to the physical structure, submersible buoy moored by tethered line is modeled firstly. Then from the d...In this paper, studied are the dynamics of a moored buoy near the surface subjected to wave excitation. According to the physical structure, submersible buoy moored by tethered line is modeled firstly. Then from the differential equations, the natural frequencies are estimated by neglecting the coupling between tangential and normal direction. By use of numerical integration method, solutions are obtained. On this basis, strange attractors and bifurcation phenomena are obtained by applying Poineare map, phase plots and bifurcation diagram, showing the existence of the chaotic response in this system when wave steepness is high enough.展开更多
Active-source surface wave exploration is advantageous because it has high imaging accuracy,is not affected by high-speed layers,and has a low cost;thus,it has unique advantages for investigating shallow surface struc...Active-source surface wave exploration is advantageous because it has high imaging accuracy,is not affected by high-speed layers,and has a low cost;thus,it has unique advantages for investigating shallow surface structures.For the development and utilization of urban underground space,two parameters in the shallow surface are important,namely,the shear wave velocity(VS)and the predominant period of the site,which determine the elevation and aseismic grade of the building design.The traditional method is mainly to obtain the two above-mentioned parameters through testing and measuring drilling samples.However,this method is extremely expensive and time consuming.Therefore,in this research,we used the multichannel surface wave acquisition method to extract the fundamental dispersion curve of single-shot data by using the phase shift method and obtain the VS characteristics in the uppermost 40 m by inversion.We arrived at the following two conclusions based on the VS profile.First,the study area can be roughly divided into five layers,among which the layers 0−8 m,14−20 m,and 20−30 m are low-velocity layers,corresponding to miscellaneous fill,a water-bearing sand layer,and a sand layer;therefore,the VS is relatively low.In contrast,the layers at 8−14 m and 30−40 m are high-velocity layers that are mainly composed of clay,with a relatively better compactness and relatively high VS values.In addition,a low-speed anomaly appears abruptly in the high-speed area at 20−40 m.This anomaly,when combined with geological data,suggests that it is an ancient river channel.Second,from the VS value,the VSe(equivalent shear wave velocity)was calculated.The construction site soil was categorized as class III,with good conditions for engineering geology.In addition,we calculated the predominant period of the site to be 0.56-0.77 s based on the VS.Therefore,in the overall structural design of the foundation engineering,the natural vibration period of the structure should be strictly controlled to avoid the predominant period of the site.展开更多
Scattering of surface waves by the edge of a small undulation on a porous bed in an ocean of finite depth, where the free surface has an ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness, is investi...Scattering of surface waves by the edge of a small undulation on a porous bed in an ocean of finite depth, where the free surface has an ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness, is investigated within the framework of linearized water wave theory. The effect of surface tension at the surface below the ice-cover is neglected. There exists only one wave number propagating at just below the ice-cover. A perturbation analysis is employed to solve the boundary value problem governed by Laplace's equation by a method based on Green's integral theorem with the introduction of appropriate Green's function and thereby evaluating the reflection and transmission coefficients approximately up to first order. A patch of sinusoidal ripples is considered as an example and the related coefficients are determined.展开更多
Air–sea exchange plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones(TCs). Although studies have suggested the dependence of air–sea fluxes on surface waves and sea spray, how these processe...Air–sea exchange plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones(TCs). Although studies have suggested the dependence of air–sea fluxes on surface waves and sea spray, how these processes modify those fluxes under TC conditions have not been sufficiently investigated based on in-situ observations.Using continuous meteorological and surface wave data from a moored buoy in the northern South China Sea,this study examines the effects of surface waves and sea spray on air–sea fluxes during the passage of Typhoon Hagupit. The mooring was within about 40 km of the center of Hagupit. Surface waves could increase momentum flux to the ocean by about 15%, and sea spray enhanced both sensible and latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere,causing Hagupit to absorb 500 W/m^2 more heat flux from the ocean. These results have powerful implications for understanding TC–ocean interaction and improving TC intensity forecasting.展开更多
Ocean surface waves are strongly forced by high wind conditions associated with winter storms in the Sea of Japan. They are also modulated by tides and storm surges. The effects of the variability in surface wind forc...Ocean surface waves are strongly forced by high wind conditions associated with winter storms in the Sea of Japan. They are also modulated by tides and storm surges. The effects of the variability in surface wind forcing, tides and storm surges on the waves are investigated using a wave model, a high-resolution atmospheric mesoscale model and a hydrodynamic ocean circulation model. Five month-long wave model simulations are inducted to examine the sensitivity of ocean waves to various wind forcing fields, tides and storm surges during January 1997. Compared with observed mean wave parameters, results indicate that the high frequency variability in the surface wind filed has very great effect on wave simulation. Tides and storm surges have a significant impact on the waves in nearshores of the Tsushima-kaihyS, but not for other regions in the Sea of Japan. High spatial and temporal resolution and good quality surface wind products will be crucial for the prediction of surface waves in the JES and other marginal seas, especially near the coastal regions.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO2)capture and geological storage(CCS)is one of promising technologies for greenhouse gas effect mitigation.Many geotechnical challenges remain during carbon dioxide storage field practices,among wh...Carbon dioxide(CO2)capture and geological storage(CCS)is one of promising technologies for greenhouse gas effect mitigation.Many geotechnical challenges remain during carbon dioxide storage field practices,among which effectively detecting CO2from deep underground is one of engineering problems.This paper reviews monitoring techniques currently used during CO2injection and storage.A method developed based on measuring seismic microtremors is of main interest.This method was first successfully used to characterize a site in this paper.To explore its feasibility in C02 storage monitoring,numerical simulations were conducted to investigate detectable changes in elastic wave signatures due to injection and geological storage of CO2.It is found that,although it is effective for shallow earth profile estimation,the surface wave velocity is not sensitive to the CO2layer physical parameter variations,especially for a thin CO2geological storage layer in a deep underground reservoir.展开更多
Bloch surface waves(BSWs) are excited in one-dimensional photonic crystals(Ph Cs) terminated by a graphene monolayer under the Kretschmann configuration. The field distribution and reflectance spectra are numerica...Bloch surface waves(BSWs) are excited in one-dimensional photonic crystals(Ph Cs) terminated by a graphene monolayer under the Kretschmann configuration. The field distribution and reflectance spectra are numerically calculated by the transverse magnetic method under transfer-matrix polarization, while the sensitivity is analyzed and compared with those of the surface plasmon resonance sensing method. It is found that the intensity of magnetic field is considerably enhanced in the region of the terminated layer of the multilayer stacks, and that BSW resonance appears only in the interface of the graphene and solution. Influences of the graphene layers and the thickness of a unit cell in Ph Cs on the reflectance are studied as well. In particular, by analyzing the performance of BSW sensors with the graphene monolayer,the wavelength sensitivity of the proposed sensor is 1040 nm/RIU whereas the angular sensitivity is 25.1°/RIU. In addition,the maximum of figure of merit can reach as high as 3000 RIU^-1. Thus, by integrating graphene in a simple Kretschmann structure, one can obtain an enhancement of the light–graphene interaction, which is prospective for creating label-free,low-cost and high-sensitivity optical biosensors.展开更多
Wave-induced flow is observed as the domi- nated factor for P wave propagation at seismic frequencies. This mechanism has a mesoscopic scale nature. The inhomogeneous unsaturated patches are regarded larger than the p...Wave-induced flow is observed as the domi- nated factor for P wave propagation at seismic frequencies. This mechanism has a mesoscopic scale nature. The inhomogeneous unsaturated patches are regarded larger than the pore size, but smaller than the wavelength. Surface wave, e.g., Rayleigh wave, which propagates along the free surface, generated by the interfering of body waves is also affected by the mesoscopic loss mechanisms. Recent studies have reported that the effect of the wave-induced flow in wave propagation shows a relaxation behavior. Viscoelastic equivalent relaxation function associated with the wave mode can describe the kinetic nature of the attenuation. In this paper, the equivalent viscoelastic relaxation functions are extended to take into account the free surface for the Rayleigh surface wave propagation inpatchy saturated poroelastic media. Numerical results for the frequency-dependent velocity and attenuation and the time-dependent dynamical responses for the equivalent Rayleigh surface wave propagation along an interface between vacuum and patchy saturated porous media are reported in the low-frequency range (0.1-1,000 Hz). The results show that the dispersion and attenuation and kinetic characteristics of the mesoscopic loss effect for the surface wave can be effectively represented in the equivalent vis- coelastic media. The simulation of surface wave propaga- tion within mesoscopic patches requires solving Blot's differential equations in very small grid spaces, involving the conversion of the fast P wave energy diffusion into the Blot slow wave. This procedure requires a very large amount of computer consumption. An efficient equivalent approach for this patchy saturated poroelastic media shows a more convenient way to solve the single phase visco- elastic differential equations.展开更多
The internal energy distribution of waves can be described using ocean-wave spectra.In many ways,obtaining wave spectra on a global scale is critical.Surface waves investigation and monitoring onboard the Chinese-Fren...The internal energy distribution of waves can be described using ocean-wave spectra.In many ways,obtaining wave spectra on a global scale is critical.Surface waves investigation and monitoring onboard the Chinese-French oceanography satellite is the first space-borne instrument for detecting wave spectra specially,which was launched on October 29,2018.It can avoid the shortage of synthetic aperture radar detection results while still having some problems,especially with the effects of speckle noise.In this study,a method to suppress the speckle noise is proposed.First,the empirical formula for background speckle noise is established.Second,many spatio-temporal representative fluctuation spectra are classified and averaged.Third,rational transfer function filtering is used to obtain speckle noise close to the along-track direction.Finally,a signal-to-noise ratio threshold is used to suppress the abnormal speckle noise.This method solves the problems existing in previous denoising methods,such as excessive denoising in the along-track direction and the inability of some abnormal noises to be denoised in the two-dimensional directional wave spectra.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Materials under Shock and Impact(Grant No.WDZC2023-5)State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis,Optimization and CAE Software for Industrial Equipment(Grant No.GZ23107)Shanghai Supercomputer Center.
摘要This study presents a novel radial seismic metamaterial(RSM)based on auxetic foam,which can achieve omnidirectional ultra-low-frequency suppression of Lamb waves in the range of 0.97 to 21.04 Hz and effectively shield omnidirectional surface waves within 10 Hz.Firstly,the Finite Element method is utilized to investigate the bandgap(BG)characteristics and vibration modes,which shows that the BG can be significantly widened by utilizing the local resonance of the auxetic foam.Subsequently,a three-dimensional radial periodic structure is constructed and the displacement fields of Lamb waves are analyzed in the frequency and time domains.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed RSM can effectively attenuate Lamb waves.Parametric analysis indicates that filling auxetic foam with a high elastic modulus,low Poisson’s ratio,and low mass density can further expand the BG.For surface waves,the band structure is first analyzed using the acoustic cone method.Furthermore,a radial periodic structure consisting of the RSM cells is analyzed in the frequency domain,and a significant attenuation is observed within the BG.The attenuation capability of the designed RSM is further tested against real seismic wave signals,and a satisfactory shielding effect for low-frequency signals is achieved within 10 Hz.The designed RSM provides new insights into the development of SMs,exhibiting the superior application potential of auxetic foam for seismic wave shielding.
基金The National Key R&D Program of China under contract Nos 2022YFC3104902 and 2022YFC3104900the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.42106178.
摘要Mesoscale eddies exhibit characteristic annular surface current structures and contain substantial eddy kinetic energy,which significantly modulates ocean surface wave parameters and energy distribution.Following previous studies on wave-current interactions,this study further identified mesoscale eddies using Archiving,Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic satellite altimetry data.By integrating observations from the China-France Oceanography Satellite Surface Wave Investigation and Monitoring with reanalysis datasets from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service on waves and currents,three representative regions with strong currents are selected for study:the Gulf of Mexico,the Kuroshio Extension,and the Agulhas.The eddy interior is categorized into zones based on the relative propagation directions of waves and currents,distinguishing between wave-current co-directional and counterdirectional zones.This new wave-current partitioning perspective enables a systematic investigation of how the internal structures of mesoscale eddies modulate key ocean surface wave parameters,including significant wave height(SWH),wavelength,wave direction,and wave spectrum.The results indicate that variations in wavelength and wave direction induced by mesoscale eddies exhibit strong spatial consistency,with the largest absolute changes predominantly occurring in wave-current co-directional zones.In contrast,changes in SWH are relatively small and more susceptible to the influence of other oceanic factors,making it difficult to observe consistent variation patterns across different regions.Further analysis of wave spectra shows that wave energy tends to converge in wave-current counter-directional zones,while divergence is typically observed in co-directional zones.Building on the theories of wave-current interaction and wave dispersion,this study also examines the influence of eddy dynamic parameters such as vorticity,divergence,strain,and deformation rate on wave characteristics across different wave-current directional partitioning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11974044)。
摘要Topological insulators with localized edge or interface states have been extensively studied,particularly in phononic crystals and related fields;however,their application in seismic metamaterials remains largely unexplored.To address this gap,we designed a topological seismic metamaterial,where the topological interface is formed by joining the ends of two distinct one-dimensional periodic lattices.The first full-scale field experiment confirms the existence of topological interface states,which exhibit pronounced localization characteristics and induce a resonant amplification effect of 7.2 dB on the total energy of seismic surface waves.This study provides the first experimental validation for the implementation of topological principles in the design of seismic metamaterials,enabling novel approaches to high-sensitivity seismic detection and efficient energy localization for wave control.
基金The project was supported by the national Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.50039010)the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Government(00XD14015)
摘要An eigen-function expansion method based on a new orthogonal inner product is proposed by Sahoo et al. (2000) for the study of the hydroelastic response of mat-type VLFS in head seas. However, their main emphasis is on the effect of edge conditions and they assume that the plate is of a semi-infinite length. In reality, the plate is of finite length. For consideration of the finite length effect, the reflection and transmission from the other end must be considered. The effect of this reflection and transmission on the hydroelastic response of VLFS is of interest for practical application. Furthermore, the physical meaning of the new inner product was not given in their paper. In this paper, it is shown that the new inner product can he derived from the governing equation and the bottom boundary conditions. Then the same eigen-function expansion method is adopted for the study of the hydroelastic response of an elastic plate of finite length in surface waves. Detailed comparisons are made between the present finite length model and the semi-infinite model and between the present model predictions and the experimental results. It is found that that the finite length effect is significant and the accuracy of present model is higher than the semi-infinite model. Furthermore, a new phenomenon, which is not mentioned in Sahoo et al. (2000), is found. Taht is, for larger L/h ratios, the reflection and transmission coefficients will oscillate with the non-dimensional parameter k(0) h. Further study is needed for full understanding of this phenomenon.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41576013)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC1401404)+1 种基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41476021 and 41621064)the Indo-Pacific Ocean Environment Variation and Air–Sea Interaction project (GASI-IPOVAI-04)
摘要The effects of sea-surface waves and ocean spray on the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) at different wind speeds and wave ages were investigated. An MABL model was developed that introduces a wave-induced component and spray force to the total surface stress. The theoretical model solution was determined assuming the eddy viscosity coefficient varied linearly with height above the sea surface. The wave-induced component was evaluated using a directional wave spectrum and growth rate. Spray force was described using interactions between ocean-spray droplets and wind-velocity shear. Wind profiles and sea-surface drag coefficients were calculated for low to high wind speeds for wind-generated sea at different wave ages to examine surface-wave and ocean-spray effects on MABL momentum distribution. The theoretical solutions were compared with model solutions neglecting wave-induced stress and/or spray stress. Surface waves strongly affected near-surface wind profiles and sea-surface drag coefficients at low to moderate wind speeds. Drag coefficients and near-surface wind speeds were lower for young than for old waves. At high wind speeds, ocean-spray droplets produced by wind-tearing breaking-wave crests affected the MABL strongly in comparison with surface waves, implying that wave age affects the MABL only negligibly. Low drag coefficients at high wind caused by ocean-spray production increased turbulent stress in the sea-spray generation layer, accelerating near-sea-surface wind. Comparing the analytical drag coefficient values with laboratory measurements and field observations indicated that surface waves and ocean spray significantly affect the MABL at different wind speeds and wave ages.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No. 40706008)the Open Research Program of the Chinese Academy Sciences Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics (No. LED0606)+1 种基金the Shandong Province Natural Science Foundation (No. Z2008E02)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2008AA09A402)
摘要The inflow angle of tropical cyclones (TC) is generally neglected in numerical studies of ocean surface waves induced by TC. In this study, the impacts of TC inflow angle on ocean surface waves were investigated using a high-resolution wave model. Six numerical experiments were conducted to examine, in detail, thc effects of inflow angle on mean wave parameters and the spectrum of wave directions. A comparison of the waves simulated in these experiments shows that inflow angle significantly modifies TC-induced ocean surface waves. As the inflow angle increases, the asymmetric axis of the significant wave height (SWH) field shifts 30° clockwise, and the maximum SWH moves from the front-right to the rear-right quadrant. Inflow angle also affects other mean wave parameters, especially in the rear-left quadrant, such as the mean wave direction, the mean wavelength, and the peak direction. Inflow angle is a key factor in wave models for the reproduction of double-peak or multi-peak patterns in the spectrum of wave directions. Sensitivity experiments also show that the simulation with a 40° inflow angle is the closest to that of the NOAA statistical SLOSH inflow angle. This suggests that 40° can be used as the inflow angle in future TC-induced ocean surface wave simulations when SLOSH or observed inflow angles are not available.
摘要The reflection and transmission of obliquely incident Rayleighsurface waves by an in- terphase between two quarter spaces ofidentical or different materials, have been investigated. Themechanical behavior of the interphase is represented by a thinviscoelastic layer. By using the full space Green's functions due toa spatially harmonic line load, the mathematical statement of the3-dimen- sion problem is reduced to a 2-dimension system of singularintegral equations. The far-field behavior of the scattered wavesleads to the definition of reflection and transmission coefficients,R and T.
基金for providing financial support through Project No.SR/S4/ES-246/2006 with title "Investigation of torsional surface waves in nonhomogeneous layered earth".
摘要The paper studies the propagation of torsional surface waves in an initially stressed anisotropic poro-elastic layer over a semi-infinite heterogeneous half space with linearly varying rigidity and density due to irregularity at the interface. The irregularity is taken in the half space in the form of a rectangle. It is observed that torsional surface waves propagate in this assumed medium. In the absence of the irregularity, the velocity equation of the torsional surface wave is also obtained. For a layer over a homogeneous half space, the velocity of torsional surface waves coincides with that of the Love waves.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11274390)the Natural Science Foundation of the Guangxi Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant No.2013YB158)
摘要Acoustical waves propagating along the free surface of granular media under gravity are investigated in the framework of elasticity theory. The influence of stress on a surface wave is analyzed. The results have shown that two types of surface waves, namely sagittal and transverse modes exist depending on initial stress states, which may have some influence on the dispersion relations of surface waves, but the influence is not great. Considering that the present experimental accuracy is far from distinguishing this detail, the validity of elasticity theory on the surface waves propagating in granular media can still be maintained.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61271356 and 51575541the National Research Foundation of Korea under Grant Nos 2013-M2A2A9043241 and 2013-R1A2A2A01016042the Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation For Postgraduate under Grant No CX2016B046
摘要This study concerns calculation of phased array beam fields of the nonlinear Rayleigh surface waves based on the integral solutions for a nonparaxial wave equation. Since the parabolic approximation model for describing the nonlinear Rayleigh waves has certain limitations in modeling the sound beam fields of phased arrays, a more general model equation and integral forms of quasilinear solutions are introduced. Some features of steered and focused beam fields radiated from a linear phased array of the second harmonic Rayleigh wave are presented.
基金The Open Fund of the Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Ocean Engineering,Ocean University of China(Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities)under contract No.201362045the Open Fund of the Key Laboratory of Digital Ocean,State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No.KLDO201406
摘要A new three-dimensional numerical model is derived through a wave average on the primitive N-S equations, in which both the"Coriolis-Stokes forcing" and the"Stokes-Vortex force" are considered. Three ideal experiments are run using the new model applied to the Princeton ocean model (POM). Numerical results show that surface waves play an important role on the mixing of the upper ocean. The mixed layer is enhanced when wave effect is considered in conjunction with small Langmuir numbers. Both surface wave breaking and Stokes production can strengthen the turbulent mixing near the surface. However, the influence of wave breaking is limited to a thin layer, but Stokes drift can affect the whole mixed layer. Furthermore, the vertical mixing coefficients clearly rise in the mixed layer, and the upper ocean mixed layer is deepened especially in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current when the model is applied to global simulations. It indicates that the surface gravity waves are indispensable in enhancing the mixing in the upper ocean, and should be accounted for in ocean general circulation models.
基金supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50739004) the Shandong Province Key Lab of Ocean Engineering in Ocean University of China
摘要In this paper, studied are the dynamics of a moored buoy near the surface subjected to wave excitation. According to the physical structure, submersible buoy moored by tethered line is modeled firstly. Then from the differential equations, the natural frequencies are estimated by neglecting the coupling between tangential and normal direction. By use of numerical integration method, solutions are obtained. On this basis, strange attractors and bifurcation phenomena are obtained by applying Poineare map, phase plots and bifurcation diagram, showing the existence of the chaotic response in this system when wave steepness is high enough.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.42074115,41574094)the National Key R&D Program of China(grant no.2017YFC0601301)+1 种基金the Geological Survey Project of the China Geological Survey(grant no.DD20189132)the Key Laboratory of Deep-Earth Dynamics,Ministry of Natural Resources(grant no.J1901-3).
摘要Active-source surface wave exploration is advantageous because it has high imaging accuracy,is not affected by high-speed layers,and has a low cost;thus,it has unique advantages for investigating shallow surface structures.For the development and utilization of urban underground space,two parameters in the shallow surface are important,namely,the shear wave velocity(VS)and the predominant period of the site,which determine the elevation and aseismic grade of the building design.The traditional method is mainly to obtain the two above-mentioned parameters through testing and measuring drilling samples.However,this method is extremely expensive and time consuming.Therefore,in this research,we used the multichannel surface wave acquisition method to extract the fundamental dispersion curve of single-shot data by using the phase shift method and obtain the VS characteristics in the uppermost 40 m by inversion.We arrived at the following two conclusions based on the VS profile.First,the study area can be roughly divided into five layers,among which the layers 0−8 m,14−20 m,and 20−30 m are low-velocity layers,corresponding to miscellaneous fill,a water-bearing sand layer,and a sand layer;therefore,the VS is relatively low.In contrast,the layers at 8−14 m and 30−40 m are high-velocity layers that are mainly composed of clay,with a relatively better compactness and relatively high VS values.In addition,a low-speed anomaly appears abruptly in the high-speed area at 20−40 m.This anomaly,when combined with geological data,suggests that it is an ancient river channel.Second,from the VS value,the VSe(equivalent shear wave velocity)was calculated.The construction site soil was categorized as class III,with good conditions for engineering geology.In addition,we calculated the predominant period of the site to be 0.56-0.77 s based on the VS.Therefore,in the overall structural design of the foundation engineering,the natural vibration period of the structure should be strictly controlled to avoid the predominant period of the site.
摘要Scattering of surface waves by the edge of a small undulation on a porous bed in an ocean of finite depth, where the free surface has an ice-cover being modelled as an elastic plate of very small thickness, is investigated within the framework of linearized water wave theory. The effect of surface tension at the surface below the ice-cover is neglected. There exists only one wave number propagating at just below the ice-cover. A perturbation analysis is employed to solve the boundary value problem governed by Laplace's equation by a method based on Green's integral theorem with the introduction of appropriate Green's function and thereby evaluating the reflection and transmission coefficients approximately up to first order. A patch of sinusoidal ripples is considered as an example and the related coefficients are determined.
基金Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.LR15D060001the National Program on Global Change and Air-Sea Interactions under contract No.GASI-IPOVAI-04the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract Nos 41476021,41706034 and 41321004
摘要Air–sea exchange plays a vital role in the development and maintenance of tropical cyclones(TCs). Although studies have suggested the dependence of air–sea fluxes on surface waves and sea spray, how these processes modify those fluxes under TC conditions have not been sufficiently investigated based on in-situ observations.Using continuous meteorological and surface wave data from a moored buoy in the northern South China Sea,this study examines the effects of surface waves and sea spray on air–sea fluxes during the passage of Typhoon Hagupit. The mooring was within about 40 km of the center of Hagupit. Surface waves could increase momentum flux to the ocean by about 15%, and sea spray enhanced both sensible and latent heat fluxes to the atmosphere,causing Hagupit to absorb 500 W/m^2 more heat flux from the ocean. These results have powerful implications for understanding TC–ocean interaction and improving TC intensity forecasting.
基金This research was supported by a grant from the 0ffice of Naval Research of United States under the Sea of Japan Departmental Research Initiatite of N00014-98-1-0236a project from the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.40506006.
摘要Ocean surface waves are strongly forced by high wind conditions associated with winter storms in the Sea of Japan. They are also modulated by tides and storm surges. The effects of the variability in surface wind forcing, tides and storm surges on the waves are investigated using a wave model, a high-resolution atmospheric mesoscale model and a hydrodynamic ocean circulation model. Five month-long wave model simulations are inducted to examine the sensitivity of ocean waves to various wind forcing fields, tides and storm surges during January 1997. Compared with observed mean wave parameters, results indicate that the high frequency variability in the surface wind filed has very great effect on wave simulation. Tides and storm surges have a significant impact on the waves in nearshores of the Tsushima-kaihyS, but not for other regions in the Sea of Japan. High spatial and temporal resolution and good quality surface wind products will be crucial for the prediction of surface waves in the JES and other marginal seas, especially near the coastal regions.
基金the financial supports from the State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics&Deep Underground Engineering,China University of Mining and Technology(No.SKLGDUEK1002)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Government Supported Universities of Tongji University,China(No.0270219037)
摘要Carbon dioxide(CO2)capture and geological storage(CCS)is one of promising technologies for greenhouse gas effect mitigation.Many geotechnical challenges remain during carbon dioxide storage field practices,among which effectively detecting CO2from deep underground is one of engineering problems.This paper reviews monitoring techniques currently used during CO2injection and storage.A method developed based on measuring seismic microtremors is of main interest.This method was first successfully used to characterize a site in this paper.To explore its feasibility in C02 storage monitoring,numerical simulations were conducted to investigate detectable changes in elastic wave signatures due to injection and geological storage of CO2.It is found that,although it is effective for shallow earth profile estimation,the surface wave velocity is not sensitive to the CO2layer physical parameter variations,especially for a thin CO2geological storage layer in a deep underground reservoir.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.61203211 and 41675154)the Six Major Talent Peak Expert of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.2015-XXRJ-014)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20141483)
摘要Bloch surface waves(BSWs) are excited in one-dimensional photonic crystals(Ph Cs) terminated by a graphene monolayer under the Kretschmann configuration. The field distribution and reflectance spectra are numerically calculated by the transverse magnetic method under transfer-matrix polarization, while the sensitivity is analyzed and compared with those of the surface plasmon resonance sensing method. It is found that the intensity of magnetic field is considerably enhanced in the region of the terminated layer of the multilayer stacks, and that BSW resonance appears only in the interface of the graphene and solution. Influences of the graphene layers and the thickness of a unit cell in Ph Cs on the reflectance are studied as well. In particular, by analyzing the performance of BSW sensors with the graphene monolayer,the wavelength sensitivity of the proposed sensor is 1040 nm/RIU whereas the angular sensitivity is 25.1°/RIU. In addition,the maximum of figure of merit can reach as high as 3000 RIU^-1. Thus, by integrating graphene in a simple Kretschmann structure, one can obtain an enhancement of the light–graphene interaction, which is prospective for creating label-free,low-cost and high-sensitivity optical biosensors.
基金support by the Natural Basic Research Program of China (the ‘‘973 Project’’,Grant No. 2013CB733303)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41304077, 40974079)+1 种基金Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 2013M531744)Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Geodesy (Grant Nos. 12-02-03)
摘要Wave-induced flow is observed as the domi- nated factor for P wave propagation at seismic frequencies. This mechanism has a mesoscopic scale nature. The inhomogeneous unsaturated patches are regarded larger than the pore size, but smaller than the wavelength. Surface wave, e.g., Rayleigh wave, which propagates along the free surface, generated by the interfering of body waves is also affected by the mesoscopic loss mechanisms. Recent studies have reported that the effect of the wave-induced flow in wave propagation shows a relaxation behavior. Viscoelastic equivalent relaxation function associated with the wave mode can describe the kinetic nature of the attenuation. In this paper, the equivalent viscoelastic relaxation functions are extended to take into account the free surface for the Rayleigh surface wave propagation inpatchy saturated poroelastic media. Numerical results for the frequency-dependent velocity and attenuation and the time-dependent dynamical responses for the equivalent Rayleigh surface wave propagation along an interface between vacuum and patchy saturated porous media are reported in the low-frequency range (0.1-1,000 Hz). The results show that the dispersion and attenuation and kinetic characteristics of the mesoscopic loss effect for the surface wave can be effectively represented in the equivalent vis- coelastic media. The simulation of surface wave propaga- tion within mesoscopic patches requires solving Blot's differential equations in very small grid spaces, involving the conversion of the fast P wave energy diffusion into the Blot slow wave. This procedure requires a very large amount of computer consumption. An efficient equivalent approach for this patchy saturated poroelastic media shows a more convenient way to solve the single phase visco- elastic differential equations.
摘要The internal energy distribution of waves can be described using ocean-wave spectra.In many ways,obtaining wave spectra on a global scale is critical.Surface waves investigation and monitoring onboard the Chinese-French oceanography satellite is the first space-borne instrument for detecting wave spectra specially,which was launched on October 29,2018.It can avoid the shortage of synthetic aperture radar detection results while still having some problems,especially with the effects of speckle noise.In this study,a method to suppress the speckle noise is proposed.First,the empirical formula for background speckle noise is established.Second,many spatio-temporal representative fluctuation spectra are classified and averaged.Third,rational transfer function filtering is used to obtain speckle noise close to the along-track direction.Finally,a signal-to-noise ratio threshold is used to suppress the abnormal speckle noise.This method solves the problems existing in previous denoising methods,such as excessive denoising in the along-track direction and the inability of some abnormal noises to be denoised in the two-dimensional directional wave spectra.