An ensemble-based method for the observation system simulation experiment(OSSE)is employed to design optimal observation stations and assess the present observation stations in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS).We...An ensemble-based method for the observation system simulation experiment(OSSE)is employed to design optimal observation stations and assess the present observation stations in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS).We employed the 20-year(1992-2012)sea surface height(SSH)data to design an array to monitor the intraseasonal to interannual variability.The results show that the most key region was found located at the northwest of Luzon Island(LI)where the energetic Luzon cyclonic gyre(LCG)occurs;other key regions include the edge of the LCG,the northwest of the Luzon Strait(LS),and the southwest of Taiwan,China.By contrast,we found that the present observation stations might oversample at the northwest of the LS and undersample at the northwest of LI.In addition,the optimal stations perform better in a larger area than the present stations.In vertical direction,the key layer is located within the upper 200-m depth,of which the surface and subsurface layers are most valuable to the observing system.展开更多
To provide a test platform for Electronic Warfare (EW) system, it is needed to simulate the radar received Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals and radar system functions.This letter gives a description of a radar syst...To provide a test platform for Electronic Warfare (EW) system, it is needed to simulate the radar received Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals and radar system functions.This letter gives a description of a radar system simulation software developed for frequencyphase scanning three-dimensional (3-D) radar. Experimental results prove that the software could be used for system evaluation and for training purposes as an attractive alternative to real EW system.展开更多
The computational methods of a typical dynamic mathematical model that can describe the differential element and the inertial element for the system simulation are researched. The stability of numerical solutions of t...The computational methods of a typical dynamic mathematical model that can describe the differential element and the inertial element for the system simulation are researched. The stability of numerical solutions of the dynamic mathematical model is researched. By means of theoretical analysis, the error formulas, the error sign criteria and the error relationship criterion of the implicit Euler method and the trapezoidal method are given, the dynamic factor affecting the computational accuracy has been found, the formula and the methods of computing the dynamic factor are given. The computational accuracy of the dynamic mathematical model like this can be improved by use of the dynamic factor.展开更多
Subjected to various stochastic factors, surface mining engineering reliability is difficult to solve by using general reliability mathematical method.The concept of reliability measurement is introduced; And the auth...Subjected to various stochastic factors, surface mining engineering reliability is difficult to solve by using general reliability mathematical method.The concept of reliability measurement is introduced; And the authors have combined system simulation method with CAD technique and developed an interactive color character graphic design system for evaluating and solving the mining engineering reliability in surface mines under the given constraints.展开更多
System simulation is a comprehensive technology, which makesdynamic experiments on a system by means of system model(computerized / semi-physical / physical mode) under certainexperimental condition. Today, system sim...System simulation is a comprehensive technology, which makesdynamic experiments on a system by means of system model(computerized / semi-physical / physical mode) under certainexperimental condition. Today, system simulation has heen de-veloped into a comprehensive experimental discipline based on展开更多
The railway signalling system is a key player in controlling train traffic,with the purpose of guaranteeing safety while respecting transport demand.For rail vehicles,visual-based driving is unfeasible,and thus,railwa...The railway signalling system is a key player in controlling train traffic,with the purpose of guaranteeing safety while respecting transport demand.For rail vehicles,visual-based driving is unfeasible,and thus,railway signalling systems have been developed as answers to this issue.Moreover,the increasing demand for railway traffic requires improved signalling system performances.Recent developments have led to the theoretical definition of the Moving Block signalling system as an approach to overcome the limitations of the Fixed Block system,currently adopted in many applications worldwide.This paper focuses on the development of a modular time-based simulation tool for Fixed Block and Moving Block railway signalling systems.The simulator incorporates all main elements for the assessment of signalling system’s performances,including the model of the Radio Block Centre,used for the communication among the trains,the On-Board Unit,which generates the reference speed profile,the vehicle longitudinal dynamics,and the speed control algorithm,emulating a human driver’s behaviour.Different operational conditions have been considered to show the capabilities of the simulator,which may represent a first step towards the reduction of on-site testing of railway signalling systems.展开更多
This study addresses gas entrainment challenges in alkaline water electrolysis(ALK)hydrogen production through an integrated scrubbing-purificationsolution and establishes a thermodynamicelectrochemical multi-physics ...This study addresses gas entrainment challenges in alkaline water electrolysis(ALK)hydrogen production through an integrated scrubbing-purificationsolution and establishes a thermodynamicelectrochemical multi-physics coupled model to optimize system performance.A complete hydrogen production system model with a hydrogen production capacity of 2.5 m3·h-1was established,focusing on the synergistic effect of key parameters such as current density(0.1-0.4 A·cm-2),operating pressure(0.7-0.9 MPa)and electrolysis temperature(40-80℃)on system performance.The study shows that compared with the traditional system,the system coupled with the scrubbing and purificationdevice can increase the hydrogen purity from 94.5%to more than 99.5%,meeting the industrial storage and transportation standards.Parametric analysis reveals that elevated temperatures enhance water conversion efficiencybut inversely affect purity,while increased pressure improves purity linearly.A critical current density equilibrium point was identified,below which the integrated system outperforms traditional setups in efficiency.The Aspen plus model proves that the efficiencydifference between the integrated system and the traditional system is only at the order of 10-5.This work resolves the efficiency-puritytrade-off in ALK systems,offering a viable pathway for industrial-scale high-purity hydrogen production.Future studies should integrate techno-economic assessments to advance scalable,sustainable electrolysis technologies.展开更多
In response to the high energy consumption,large load fluctuations,and insufficient adaptability associated with conventional control strategies in industrial park heating and hot water systems,this paper studies a 15...In response to the high energy consumption,large load fluctuations,and insufficient adaptability associated with conventional control strategies in industrial park heating and hot water systems,this paper studies a 15,000 m2 factory office building in Jinan as its object of study.A photovoltaic-thermal integrated air-source heat pump system(PVT-ASHP)is developed.This system leverages its hardware parameter co-optimization and intelligent operational strategy control to perform cost reduction and efficiency increase,while focusing on the novel innovative high effectiveness of its operational strategies.The study first employs the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm to optimize key hardware parameters so as to minimize the annual cost,perform many adjustments,including the reduction of the PVT collector area from 931 to 799 m2,regulate the PVT tilt angle from 36°to 43°,and modify the storage tank volume.This allows for the establishment of a low-energy baseline,reducing the initial PVT equipment investment by approximately 14.2%.In addition,the PVT photovoltaic efficiency is stabilized at 14%,while the solar thermal efficiency fluctuates around 33%.The core operational strategy uses a reinforcement learning algorithm based on Deep Q-Network(DQN).Its design incorporates dual variables PVT electricity generation(PVTd)and PVT heat supply(PVTh)into the state space,which overcomes the limitations of conventional control relying solely on load and outdoor temperature to perform dynamic matching between energy production and load demand.The reward function comprises dynamic weighting for energy consumption and comfort,where the energy consumption weight and comfort weight are set to 0.9 and O.l,respectively.Based on the office hours of the factory(8:0o-18:0o as high load,and non-office hours as low load),an hourly load input mechanism is designed to remove the control deviations caused by the average load assumption.Simulations are then conducted.The obtained results demonstrate that,compared with the conventional control strategy of fixed temperature at 6OoC,the designed DQN reinforcement learning operation strategy achieves energy savings of about 2.99%.During office hours,the system maintains a stable supply water temperature of 57°C,which is consistent with comfort requirements while avoiding energy waste.After performing parameter optimization using the operational control strategy,the annual operating costs of the system decrease by 9.43%,while significantly increasing the overall energy efficiency.This paper demonstrates that the proposed DQN reinforcement learning operation strategy,tailored to the load characteristics of factory campuses,plays an important role in improving system performance.Based on the principles of dynamic perception,precise matching,and demand-driven regulation,it provides a potential reference framework for designing similar systems to ensure the efficient operation of distributed energy systems in factory campus-type buildings.展开更多
According to the complex differential accumulation history of deep marine oil and gas in superimposed basins,the Lower Paleozoic petroleum system in Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin is selected as a typical case,and the p...According to the complex differential accumulation history of deep marine oil and gas in superimposed basins,the Lower Paleozoic petroleum system in Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin is selected as a typical case,and the process of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,migration and accumulation,adjustment and transformation of deep oil and gas is restored by means of reservoine-forming dynamics simulation.The thermal evolution history of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tahe Oilfield reflects the obvious differences in hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process and intensity in different tectonic zones,which is the main reason controlling the differences in deep oil and gas phases.The complex transport system composed of strike-slip fault and unconformity,etc.controlled early migration and accumulation and late adjustment of deep oil and gas,while the Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt rock in inner carbonate platform prevented vertical migration and accumulation of deep oil and gas,resulting in an obvious"fault-controlled"feature of deep oil and gas,in which the low potential area superimposed by the NE-strike-slip fault zone and deep oil and gas migration was conducive to accumulation,and it is mainly beaded along the strike-slip fault zone in the northeast direction.The dynamic simulation of reservoir formation reveals that the spatio-temporal configuration of"source-fault-fracture-gypsum-preservation"controls the differential accumulation of deep oil and gas in Tahe Oilfield.The Ordovician has experienced the accumulation history of multiple periods of charging,vertical migration and accumulation,and lateral adjustment and transformation,and deep oil and gas have always been in the dynamic equilibrium of migration,accumulation and escape.The statistics of residual oil and gas show that the deep stratum of Tahe Oilfield still has exploration and development potential in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation,and the Middle and Upper Cambrian ultra-deep stratum has a certain oil and gas resource prospect.This study provides a reference for the dynamic quantitative evaluation of deep oil and gas in the Tarim Basin,and also provides a reference for the study of reservoir formation and evolution in carbonate reservoir of paleo-craton basin.展开更多
Nowadays,the efficient and cleaner utilization of coal have attracted wide attention due to the rich coal and rare oil/gas resources structure in China.Coal chemical looping gasification(CCLG)is a promising coal utili...Nowadays,the efficient and cleaner utilization of coal have attracted wide attention due to the rich coal and rare oil/gas resources structure in China.Coal chemical looping gasification(CCLG)is a promising coal utilization technology to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction targets for highly pure synthesis gas.As a downstream product of synthesis gas,methyl methacrylate(MMA),is widely used as raw material for synthesizing polymethyl methacrylate and resin products with excellent properties.So this paper proposes a novel system integrating MMA production and CCLG(CCLG-MMA)processes aiming at"energy saving and low emission",in which the synthesis gas produced by CCLG and purified by dry methane reforming(DMR)reaction and Rectisol process reacts with ethylene for synthesizing MMA.Firstly,the reaction mechanism of CCLG is investigated by using Reactive force field(ReaxFF)MD simulation based on atomic models of char and oxygen carrier(Fe2O3)for obtaining optimum reaction temperature of fuel reactor(FR).Secondly,the steady-state simulation of CCLG-MMA system is carried out to verify the feasibility of MMA production.The amount of CO2emitted by CCLG process and DMR reaction is 0.0028(kg CO2)-1·(kg MMA)-1.The total energy consumption of the CCLG-MMA system is 45521 kJ·(kg MMA)-1,among which the consumption of MMA production part is 25293 k(·kg MMA)-1.The results show that the CCLG-MMA system meets CO2emission standard and has lower energy consumption compared to conventional MMA production process.Finally,one control scheme is designed to verify the stability of CCLG-MMA system.The CCLG-MMA integration strategy aims to obtain highly pure MMA from multi-scale simulation perspectives,so this is an optimal design regarding all factors influencing cleaner MMA production.展开更多
The duct static pressure reset (DSPR) control method is a popular modern control method widely applied to variable air volume (VAV) systems of commercial buildings. In this paper, a VAV system simulation program was u...The duct static pressure reset (DSPR) control method is a popular modern control method widely applied to variable air volume (VAV) systems of commercial buildings. In this paper, a VAV system simulation program was used to predict the system performance and zone air temperature of two kinds of layouts that were applied to a typical floor of an existing building office in Hong Kong. The position where the static pressure sensor was placed should affect the zones temperature and energy consumption. The comparison of predictions of the two kinds of layouts indicates that with the same DSPR control method the layout of the air duct might influence the fan control result and energy savings.展开更多
To meet the rising demand of performing complex tasks in a highly technologized world,the development of mechatronic systems faces two major challenges:First,the system is integrated in a fast changing environment and...To meet the rising demand of performing complex tasks in a highly technologized world,the development of mechatronic systems faces two major challenges:First,the system is integrated in a fast changing environment and has to cope with dynamically modified tasks and circumstances.At the same time,the development of new methods has to be fast,cost-effective and efficient.By taking care of both aspects simultaneously,simulations have become an acknowledged tool to cost-effectively and rapidly test and optimize new solutions for complex mechatronic systems,as they are common in,e.g.,robotics.Mostly,simulation methods are specialized for one purpose and thus used as a stand-alone tool to analyze the behavior of single components or certain aspects of the whole system.But with size and complexity of the system,the susceptibility to errors rises when the interaction between components fails.If a component shows minimal deviations to its nominal behavior,huge interdependencies between components of complex systems might cause system failure.The structural behavior of a single component is therefore as crucial to the functionality of the whole system as the interplay of all components.Both aspects have to be analyzed in parallel,which is nowadays barely considered.Consequently,this work presents the integration of structural simulations into the overall picture.The developed approach consists of a concept,an implementation and the validation for an automated bidirectional interaction to integrate results from Finite Element Analysis(FEA)into an existing,real-time capable Overall System Simulation for mechatronic systems in general and robotics in particular.展开更多
To solve the difficulties in allocating buffers for unreliable large production lines, this paper inves-tigated a model combining the genetic algorithm with the discrete event system simulation method. In the simulati...To solve the difficulties in allocating buffers for unreliable large production lines, this paper inves-tigated a model combining the genetic algorithm with the discrete event system simulation method. In the simulation method, times-to-failure of an unreliable large production line is assumed to follow exponential distribution, whereas times-to-repair and times-to-processing are set to follow an Erlang-k distribution. Using a genetic algorithm based on special position-based mapping means and elitist protection strategy, the buffer configuration of an auto-body welding line is optimized. The simulation of the optimized configuration shows that the performance of the production line, such as productivity and the main average utilization of the workstations, is much improved. This model can optimize the allocation of buffers for unreliable large production lines effectively.展开更多
A 3G system simulation platform is designed to research on and evaluate theeffects of various techniques of the 3G network performance. The basic structure and principle ofthe simulation platform is presented and the ...A 3G system simulation platform is designed to research on and evaluate theeffects of various techniques of the 3G network performance. The basic structure and principle ofthe simulation platform is presented and the simulation process is addressed in detail.展开更多
Computer simulation models may by used to gain further information about missile performance variability. Model validation is an important aspect of the test program for a missile system. Validation provides a basis f...Computer simulation models may by used to gain further information about missile performance variability. Model validation is an important aspect of the test program for a missile system. Validation provides a basis for confidence in the model's results and is a necessary step if the model is to be used to draw inference about the behavior of the real missile. This paper is a review of methods useful for validation of computer simulation models of missile systems and provides a new method with high degree of confidence for validation of computer simulation models of missile systems. Some examples of the use of the new method in validating computer simulation models are given.展开更多
Unlike traditional propeller-driven underwater vehicles,blended-wing-body underwater gliders(BWBUGs)achieve zigzag gliding through periodic adjustments of their net buoyancy,enhancing their cruising capabilities while...Unlike traditional propeller-driven underwater vehicles,blended-wing-body underwater gliders(BWBUGs)achieve zigzag gliding through periodic adjustments of their net buoyancy,enhancing their cruising capabilities while mini-mizing energy consumption.However,enhancing gliding performance is challenging due to the complex system design and limited design experience.To address this challenge,this paper introduces a model-based,multidisciplinary system design optimization method for BWBUGs at the conceptual design stage.First,a model-based,multidisciplinary co-simulation design framework is established to evaluate both system-level and disciplinary indices of BWBUG performance.A data-driven,many-objective multidisciplinary optimization is subsequently employed to explore the design space,yielding 32 Pareto optimal solutions.Finally,a model-based physical system simulation,which represents the design with the largest hyper-volume contribution among the 32 final designs,is established.Its gliding perfor-mance,validated by component behavior,lays the groundwork for constructing the entire system’s digital prototype.In conclusion,this model-based,multidisciplinary design optimization method effectively generates design schemes for innovative underwater vehicles,facilitating the development of digital prototypes.展开更多
Redundant actuator is the key component of Fly-By-Wire (FBW) system in which exists the inherent force fighting among different redundant channels at colligation point, This paper establishes the mathematical model ...Redundant actuator is the key component of Fly-By-Wire (FBW) system in which exists the inherent force fighting among different redundant channels at colligation point, This paper establishes the mathematical model of quad redundant actuator (QRA), investigates the force equalization algorithm and carries out the performance degradation simulation and reliability analysis under the first failure and the second failure. The results indicate that the optimal equalization algorithm can solve the force fighting effectively, and the QRA can operate at degradation performance continuously under the first failure and the second failure. With the dynamic fault tree analysis, this paper calculates the reliability based on the performance of QRA and proves that the redundant actuator has very high reliability and safety.展开更多
This paper focuses on the distribution of passenger flow in Huoying Station,Line 13 of Beijing subway system.The transformation measures taken by Line 13 since operation are firstly summarized.Then the authors elabora...This paper focuses on the distribution of passenger flow in Huoying Station,Line 13 of Beijing subway system.The transformation measures taken by Line 13 since operation are firstly summarized.Then the authors elaborate the facilities and equipment of this station,especially the node layout and passenger flow field.An optimization scheme is proposed to rapidly distribute the passenger flow in Huoying Station by adjusting the operation time of the escalator in the direction of Xizhimen.The authors adopt Queuing theory and Anylogic simulation software to simulate the original and the optimized schemes of Huoying Station to distribute the passenger flow.The results of the simulation indicate that the optimized scheme could effectively alleviate the traffic congestion in the hall of Huoying Station,and the pedestrian density in other places of the hall is lowered;passengers could move freely in the hall and no new congestion points would form.The rationality of the scheme is thus proved.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Research&Development Plan of China(Nos.2016YFC1401703,2016YFC1401702,2018YFC0309803)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.41506002,41676010,41476011,41676015,41606026)+1 种基金the Institution of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.ISEE2019ZR0)the Guangzhou Science and Technology Foundation(No.201804010133)。
摘要An ensemble-based method for the observation system simulation experiment(OSSE)is employed to design optimal observation stations and assess the present observation stations in the northeastern South China Sea(SCS).We employed the 20-year(1992-2012)sea surface height(SSH)data to design an array to monitor the intraseasonal to interannual variability.The results show that the most key region was found located at the northwest of Luzon Island(LI)where the energetic Luzon cyclonic gyre(LCG)occurs;other key regions include the edge of the LCG,the northwest of the Luzon Strait(LS),and the southwest of Taiwan,China.By contrast,we found that the present observation stations might oversample at the northwest of the LS and undersample at the northwest of LI.In addition,the optimal stations perform better in a larger area than the present stations.In vertical direction,the key layer is located within the upper 200-m depth,of which the surface and subsurface layers are most valuable to the observing system.
摘要To provide a test platform for Electronic Warfare (EW) system, it is needed to simulate the radar received Intermediate Frequency (IF) signals and radar system functions.This letter gives a description of a radar system simulation software developed for frequencyphase scanning three-dimensional (3-D) radar. Experimental results prove that the software could be used for system evaluation and for training purposes as an attractive alternative to real EW system.
摘要The computational methods of a typical dynamic mathematical model that can describe the differential element and the inertial element for the system simulation are researched. The stability of numerical solutions of the dynamic mathematical model is researched. By means of theoretical analysis, the error formulas, the error sign criteria and the error relationship criterion of the implicit Euler method and the trapezoidal method are given, the dynamic factor affecting the computational accuracy has been found, the formula and the methods of computing the dynamic factor are given. The computational accuracy of the dynamic mathematical model like this can be improved by use of the dynamic factor.
摘要Subjected to various stochastic factors, surface mining engineering reliability is difficult to solve by using general reliability mathematical method.The concept of reliability measurement is introduced; And the authors have combined system simulation method with CAD technique and developed an interactive color character graphic design system for evaluating and solving the mining engineering reliability in surface mines under the given constraints.
摘要System simulation is a comprehensive technology, which makesdynamic experiments on a system by means of system model(computerized / semi-physical / physical mode) under certainexperimental condition. Today, system simulation has heen de-veloped into a comprehensive experimental discipline based on
基金carried out within the MOST-Sustainable Mobility National Research Center and received funding from the European Union Next-GenerationEU (PIANO NAZIONALE DI RIPRESA E RESILIENZA (PNRR)-MISSIONE 4 COMPONENTE 2, INVESTIMENTO 1.4-D.D. 1033 17/06/2022, CN00000023)
摘要The railway signalling system is a key player in controlling train traffic,with the purpose of guaranteeing safety while respecting transport demand.For rail vehicles,visual-based driving is unfeasible,and thus,railway signalling systems have been developed as answers to this issue.Moreover,the increasing demand for railway traffic requires improved signalling system performances.Recent developments have led to the theoretical definition of the Moving Block signalling system as an approach to overcome the limitations of the Fixed Block system,currently adopted in many applications worldwide.This paper focuses on the development of a modular time-based simulation tool for Fixed Block and Moving Block railway signalling systems.The simulator incorporates all main elements for the assessment of signalling system’s performances,including the model of the Radio Block Centre,used for the communication among the trains,the On-Board Unit,which generates the reference speed profile,the vehicle longitudinal dynamics,and the speed control algorithm,emulating a human driver’s behaviour.Different operational conditions have been considered to show the capabilities of the simulator,which may represent a first step towards the reduction of on-site testing of railway signalling systems.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFE0125500).
摘要This study addresses gas entrainment challenges in alkaline water electrolysis(ALK)hydrogen production through an integrated scrubbing-purificationsolution and establishes a thermodynamicelectrochemical multi-physics coupled model to optimize system performance.A complete hydrogen production system model with a hydrogen production capacity of 2.5 m3·h-1was established,focusing on the synergistic effect of key parameters such as current density(0.1-0.4 A·cm-2),operating pressure(0.7-0.9 MPa)and electrolysis temperature(40-80℃)on system performance.The study shows that compared with the traditional system,the system coupled with the scrubbing and purificationdevice can increase the hydrogen purity from 94.5%to more than 99.5%,meeting the industrial storage and transportation standards.Parametric analysis reveals that elevated temperatures enhance water conversion efficiencybut inversely affect purity,while increased pressure improves purity linearly.A critical current density equilibrium point was identified,below which the integrated system outperforms traditional setups in efficiency.The Aspen plus model proves that the efficiencydifference between the integrated system and the traditional system is only at the order of 10-5.This work resolves the efficiency-puritytrade-off in ALK systems,offering a viable pathway for industrial-scale high-purity hydrogen production.Future studies should integrate techno-economic assessments to advance scalable,sustainable electrolysis technologies.
基金supported by the Sichuan Huashi Group Technology Projects(HXKX2024/004,HXKX2021/019)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2024YFE0106800).
摘要In response to the high energy consumption,large load fluctuations,and insufficient adaptability associated with conventional control strategies in industrial park heating and hot water systems,this paper studies a 15,000 m2 factory office building in Jinan as its object of study.A photovoltaic-thermal integrated air-source heat pump system(PVT-ASHP)is developed.This system leverages its hardware parameter co-optimization and intelligent operational strategy control to perform cost reduction and efficiency increase,while focusing on the novel innovative high effectiveness of its operational strategies.The study first employs the Hooke-Jeeves algorithm to optimize key hardware parameters so as to minimize the annual cost,perform many adjustments,including the reduction of the PVT collector area from 931 to 799 m2,regulate the PVT tilt angle from 36°to 43°,and modify the storage tank volume.This allows for the establishment of a low-energy baseline,reducing the initial PVT equipment investment by approximately 14.2%.In addition,the PVT photovoltaic efficiency is stabilized at 14%,while the solar thermal efficiency fluctuates around 33%.The core operational strategy uses a reinforcement learning algorithm based on Deep Q-Network(DQN).Its design incorporates dual variables PVT electricity generation(PVTd)and PVT heat supply(PVTh)into the state space,which overcomes the limitations of conventional control relying solely on load and outdoor temperature to perform dynamic matching between energy production and load demand.The reward function comprises dynamic weighting for energy consumption and comfort,where the energy consumption weight and comfort weight are set to 0.9 and O.l,respectively.Based on the office hours of the factory(8:0o-18:0o as high load,and non-office hours as low load),an hourly load input mechanism is designed to remove the control deviations caused by the average load assumption.Simulations are then conducted.The obtained results demonstrate that,compared with the conventional control strategy of fixed temperature at 6OoC,the designed DQN reinforcement learning operation strategy achieves energy savings of about 2.99%.During office hours,the system maintains a stable supply water temperature of 57°C,which is consistent with comfort requirements while avoiding energy waste.After performing parameter optimization using the operational control strategy,the annual operating costs of the system decrease by 9.43%,while significantly increasing the overall energy efficiency.This paper demonstrates that the proposed DQN reinforcement learning operation strategy,tailored to the load characteristics of factory campuses,plays an important role in improving system performance.Based on the principles of dynamic perception,precise matching,and demand-driven regulation,it provides a potential reference framework for designing similar systems to ensure the efficient operation of distributed energy systems in factory campus-type buildings.
基金Supported by the Sichuan Province Regional Innovation Cooperation Project(21QYCX0048)Sinopec Science and Technology Department Project(P21048-3)。
摘要According to the complex differential accumulation history of deep marine oil and gas in superimposed basins,the Lower Paleozoic petroleum system in Tahe Oilfield of Tarim Basin is selected as a typical case,and the process of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion,migration and accumulation,adjustment and transformation of deep oil and gas is restored by means of reservoine-forming dynamics simulation.The thermal evolution history of the Lower Cambrian source rocks in Tahe Oilfield reflects the obvious differences in hydrocarbon generation and expulsion process and intensity in different tectonic zones,which is the main reason controlling the differences in deep oil and gas phases.The complex transport system composed of strike-slip fault and unconformity,etc.controlled early migration and accumulation and late adjustment of deep oil and gas,while the Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt rock in inner carbonate platform prevented vertical migration and accumulation of deep oil and gas,resulting in an obvious"fault-controlled"feature of deep oil and gas,in which the low potential area superimposed by the NE-strike-slip fault zone and deep oil and gas migration was conducive to accumulation,and it is mainly beaded along the strike-slip fault zone in the northeast direction.The dynamic simulation of reservoir formation reveals that the spatio-temporal configuration of"source-fault-fracture-gypsum-preservation"controls the differential accumulation of deep oil and gas in Tahe Oilfield.The Ordovician has experienced the accumulation history of multiple periods of charging,vertical migration and accumulation,and lateral adjustment and transformation,and deep oil and gas have always been in the dynamic equilibrium of migration,accumulation and escape.The statistics of residual oil and gas show that the deep stratum of Tahe Oilfield still has exploration and development potential in the Ordovician Yingshan Formation and Penglaiba Formation,and the Middle and Upper Cambrian ultra-deep stratum has a certain oil and gas resource prospect.This study provides a reference for the dynamic quantitative evaluation of deep oil and gas in the Tarim Basin,and also provides a reference for the study of reservoir formation and evolution in carbonate reservoir of paleo-craton basin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21576143)Foundation of State Key Laboratory of High-efficiency Utilization of Coal and Green Chemical Engineering(2020-KF-13)。
摘要Nowadays,the efficient and cleaner utilization of coal have attracted wide attention due to the rich coal and rare oil/gas resources structure in China.Coal chemical looping gasification(CCLG)is a promising coal utilization technology to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction targets for highly pure synthesis gas.As a downstream product of synthesis gas,methyl methacrylate(MMA),is widely used as raw material for synthesizing polymethyl methacrylate and resin products with excellent properties.So this paper proposes a novel system integrating MMA production and CCLG(CCLG-MMA)processes aiming at"energy saving and low emission",in which the synthesis gas produced by CCLG and purified by dry methane reforming(DMR)reaction and Rectisol process reacts with ethylene for synthesizing MMA.Firstly,the reaction mechanism of CCLG is investigated by using Reactive force field(ReaxFF)MD simulation based on atomic models of char and oxygen carrier(Fe2O3)for obtaining optimum reaction temperature of fuel reactor(FR).Secondly,the steady-state simulation of CCLG-MMA system is carried out to verify the feasibility of MMA production.The amount of CO2emitted by CCLG process and DMR reaction is 0.0028(kg CO2)-1·(kg MMA)-1.The total energy consumption of the CCLG-MMA system is 45521 kJ·(kg MMA)-1,among which the consumption of MMA production part is 25293 k(·kg MMA)-1.The results show that the CCLG-MMA system meets CO2emission standard and has lower energy consumption compared to conventional MMA production process.Finally,one control scheme is designed to verify the stability of CCLG-MMA system.The CCLG-MMA integration strategy aims to obtain highly pure MMA from multi-scale simulation perspectives,so this is an optimal design regarding all factors influencing cleaner MMA production.
摘要The duct static pressure reset (DSPR) control method is a popular modern control method widely applied to variable air volume (VAV) systems of commercial buildings. In this paper, a VAV system simulation program was used to predict the system performance and zone air temperature of two kinds of layouts that were applied to a typical floor of an existing building office in Hong Kong. The position where the static pressure sensor was placed should affect the zones temperature and energy consumption. The comparison of predictions of the two kinds of layouts indicates that with the same DSPR control method the layout of the air duct might influence the fan control result and energy savings.
基金This work is part of the project“iBOSS-3”supported by the German Aerospace Center(DLR)with funds of the German Federal Ministry of Economics and Tech-nology(BMWi),support code 50 RA 1504.
摘要To meet the rising demand of performing complex tasks in a highly technologized world,the development of mechatronic systems faces two major challenges:First,the system is integrated in a fast changing environment and has to cope with dynamically modified tasks and circumstances.At the same time,the development of new methods has to be fast,cost-effective and efficient.By taking care of both aspects simultaneously,simulations have become an acknowledged tool to cost-effectively and rapidly test and optimize new solutions for complex mechatronic systems,as they are common in,e.g.,robotics.Mostly,simulation methods are specialized for one purpose and thus used as a stand-alone tool to analyze the behavior of single components or certain aspects of the whole system.But with size and complexity of the system,the susceptibility to errors rises when the interaction between components fails.If a component shows minimal deviations to its nominal behavior,huge interdependencies between components of complex systems might cause system failure.The structural behavior of a single component is therefore as crucial to the functionality of the whole system as the interplay of all components.Both aspects have to be analyzed in parallel,which is nowadays barely considered.Consequently,this work presents the integration of structural simulations into the overall picture.The developed approach consists of a concept,an implementation and the validation for an automated bidirectional interaction to integrate results from Finite Element Analysis(FEA)into an existing,real-time capable Overall System Simulation for mechatronic systems in general and robotics in particular.
基金Supported by the Teaching and Research Award Program for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of the Ministry of Education China the National High-Tech Research and Development (863) Program of China (No. 2001AA411140)
摘要To solve the difficulties in allocating buffers for unreliable large production lines, this paper inves-tigated a model combining the genetic algorithm with the discrete event system simulation method. In the simulation method, times-to-failure of an unreliable large production line is assumed to follow exponential distribution, whereas times-to-repair and times-to-processing are set to follow an Erlang-k distribution. Using a genetic algorithm based on special position-based mapping means and elitist protection strategy, the buffer configuration of an auto-body welding line is optimized. The simulation of the optimized configuration shows that the performance of the production line, such as productivity and the main average utilization of the workstations, is much improved. This model can optimize the allocation of buffers for unreliable large production lines effectively.
摘要A 3G system simulation platform is designed to research on and evaluate theeffects of various techniques of the 3G network performance. The basic structure and principle ofthe simulation platform is presented and the simulation process is addressed in detail.
摘要Computer simulation models may by used to gain further information about missile performance variability. Model validation is an important aspect of the test program for a missile system. Validation provides a basis for confidence in the model's results and is a necessary step if the model is to be used to draw inference about the behavior of the real missile. This paper is a review of methods useful for validation of computer simulation models of missile systems and provides a new method with high degree of confidence for validation of computer simulation models of missile systems. Some examples of the use of the new method in validating computer simulation models are given.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZC20242194)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52175251 and 52205268)+1 种基金the Industry Key Technology Research Fund Project of Northwestern Polytechnical University(Grant No.HYGJXM202318)the National Basic Scientific Research Program(Grant No.JCKY2021206B005).
摘要Unlike traditional propeller-driven underwater vehicles,blended-wing-body underwater gliders(BWBUGs)achieve zigzag gliding through periodic adjustments of their net buoyancy,enhancing their cruising capabilities while mini-mizing energy consumption.However,enhancing gliding performance is challenging due to the complex system design and limited design experience.To address this challenge,this paper introduces a model-based,multidisciplinary system design optimization method for BWBUGs at the conceptual design stage.First,a model-based,multidisciplinary co-simulation design framework is established to evaluate both system-level and disciplinary indices of BWBUG performance.A data-driven,many-objective multidisciplinary optimization is subsequently employed to explore the design space,yielding 32 Pareto optimal solutions.Finally,a model-based physical system simulation,which represents the design with the largest hyper-volume contribution among the 32 final designs,is established.Its gliding perfor-mance,validated by component behavior,lays the groundwork for constructing the entire system’s digital prototype.In conclusion,this model-based,multidisciplinary design optimization method effectively generates design schemes for innovative underwater vehicles,facilitating the development of digital prototypes.
摘要Redundant actuator is the key component of Fly-By-Wire (FBW) system in which exists the inherent force fighting among different redundant channels at colligation point, This paper establishes the mathematical model of quad redundant actuator (QRA), investigates the force equalization algorithm and carries out the performance degradation simulation and reliability analysis under the first failure and the second failure. The results indicate that the optimal equalization algorithm can solve the force fighting effectively, and the QRA can operate at degradation performance continuously under the first failure and the second failure. With the dynamic fault tree analysis, this paper calculates the reliability based on the performance of QRA and proves that the redundant actuator has very high reliability and safety.
基金This research is supported by Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation(9204023)Ministry of Education“Tiancheng Huizhi”Innovation and Education Promotion Foundation(2018A01012).
摘要This paper focuses on the distribution of passenger flow in Huoying Station,Line 13 of Beijing subway system.The transformation measures taken by Line 13 since operation are firstly summarized.Then the authors elaborate the facilities and equipment of this station,especially the node layout and passenger flow field.An optimization scheme is proposed to rapidly distribute the passenger flow in Huoying Station by adjusting the operation time of the escalator in the direction of Xizhimen.The authors adopt Queuing theory and Anylogic simulation software to simulate the original and the optimized schemes of Huoying Station to distribute the passenger flow.The results of the simulation indicate that the optimized scheme could effectively alleviate the traffic congestion in the hall of Huoying Station,and the pedestrian density in other places of the hall is lowered;passengers could move freely in the hall and no new congestion points would form.The rationality of the scheme is thus proved.