To address the inherent problems of high labor costs and poor efficiency of current visual diagnosis methods for tea leaf diseases,this study proposes a GDE-YOLO-based real-time detection method for tea leaf diseases ...To address the inherent problems of high labor costs and poor efficiency of current visual diagnosis methods for tea leaf diseases,this study proposes a GDE-YOLO-based real-time detection method for tea leaf diseases identification in complex tea plantation environments.The proposed architecture integrates three key enhancements:(1)combination of the neck network with a global attention mechanism(GAM),(2)optimization of the C2f module through a diverse branch block(DBB),and(3)replacement of a complete intersection over union loss function with an efficient intersection over union loss function,collectively improving recognition accuracy and speed.Experimental validation demonstrates that GDE-YOLO achieved 91.7%precision(3.1%higher than YOLOv8n)across different tea plantation scenarios and disease types,with specific improvements of 0.7%for tea anthracnose and 12.4%for tea white spot detection.Also,the enhanced model attained 80 FPS real-time performance.The deployment test on the NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano edge device showed that GDE-YOLO could achieve precise diseases identification with confidence threshold>0.8 and inference speed maintaining 18 FPS,satisfying edge computing requirements of accuracy and real-time performance.This research provides critical technical foundations for vision-guided precision sprayers in tea plantations,while promoting the practical implementation of machine vision in intelligent agricultural management.展开更多
Accurate tea leaf disease classification in real-world scenarios is hindered by complex backgrounds and the loss of fine-grained lesion details during CNN down sampling.To address this,we propose ResNet50-Dual-Fusion....Accurate tea leaf disease classification in real-world scenarios is hindered by complex backgrounds and the loss of fine-grained lesion details during CNN down sampling.To address this,we propose ResNet50-Dual-Fusion.It integrates a Cross-Attention Feature Fusion module(CAmodule)to adaptively reconstruct tiny lesion edges via cross-spatial interaction between shallow and deep features.Furthermore,a Magnitude-Aware Linear Attention(MALA)module with 2D Rotary Position Embedding(RoPE)is introduced to rectify magnitude neglect,effectively suppressing background noise.Evaluated on a 5,276-image dataset,our model achieves 85.96%accuracy(+3.00%over the baseline),outperforming architectures like ViT and Swin-Tiny.Grad-CAM visualizations confirm its superior lesion localization,providing a robust paradigm for automated crop disease diagnosis.展开更多
Purple-leaf tea plants are rich in anthocyanins,which have antioxidant,antimutagenic,and antiaging activities.Extensive research has elucidated the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways and regulatory role of CsMYB75 in c...Purple-leaf tea plants are rich in anthocyanins,which have antioxidant,antimutagenic,and antiaging activities.Extensive research has elucidated the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways and regulatory role of CsMYB75 in common green-leaf tea plants;however,the precise molecular mechanism through which CsMYB75 regulates anthocyanin synthesis in purple-leaf tea plants has yet to be fully elucidated.In this study,RNA-seq was performed on the buds and the first to fourth leaves of the purple-leaf tea cultivar‘Zijuan’(Camellia sinensis var.assamica).Weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)revealed that the expression of CsMYB75 was not only significantly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation but also strongly correlated with the expression of the anthocyanin synthase gene CsANS3.Further experiments demonstrated that CsMYB75 binds to the MYB-binding site(CAACCA)in the CsANS3 promoter region and positively regulates its expression.Moreover,the protein–protein interactions of CsMYB75,CsTT8,and CsTTG1 resulted in the formation of a multimeric complex(CsMYB75–CsTT8–CsTTG1).This complex exhibits the strongest transcriptional activation of the CsANS3 promoter,with activation levels that are 4.1–4.8-fold higher than those observed with any pairwise combination of the three transcription factors.Overall,the results of this study elucidate the mechanism of CsMYB75 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-leaf tea plants during different developmental stages and provide valuable genetic resources and a theoretical foundation for the molecular breeding and metabolic engineering of tea plants.展开更多
Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a multifaceted metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia(elevated blood sugar levels)and insulin resistance(IR).We have isolated a new homogeneous polysaccharide,LYTP-...Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a multifaceted metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia(elevated blood sugar levels)and insulin resistance(IR).We have isolated a new homogeneous polysaccharide,LYTP-3(7.22×10~5 Da),with anti-diabetic activity,from large leaf yellow tea(LYT)by biological activityguided sequential separation and activity evaluation.Using a T2DM mouse model,we demonstrate that oral administration of LYTP-3 could reduce blood lipid levels,alleviate hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance,and inhibit IR.LYTP-3 ameliorated T2DM treatment by activating the liver X receptor alpha(LXRα)-ATPbinding cassette(ABC)transporter(LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1)signaling pathway,which is regulated by the gut microbiota.The strain Lachnospiraceae bacterium A4 is potentially the key to this improvement.Additionally,we have solved the molecular structure of LYTP-3 using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and methylation analyses.The main backbone of LYTP-3 consists of 1,2,4-α-L-Rhap,1,4-α-D-Galp,1,6-α-D-Glcp,with branches of 1,4-β-D-Galp,1,6-β-D-Galp A,1,3,6-β-D-Manp,1,2-α-L-Rhap,T-β-Manp,and T-β-Galp.The findings of this study suggest that LYTP-3 may serve as a potential gut microbiota modulator in the treatment of T2DM.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to understand the change of fermentation pro- cess of Chang-sheng-chuan green brick tea and analyze the changes in the con- tents of structure components of tea leaves before and after fermenta...[Objective] The aim was to understand the change of fermentation pro- cess of Chang-sheng-chuan green brick tea and analyze the changes in the con- tents of structure components of tea leaves before and after fermentation. [Method] Ten tea leaves before and after fermentation were chosen. The tea leaves sections were made using paraffin microtomy, PAS staining, and observed under light mi- croscopy. Through image analysis for the tea leaves, we compared the changes on the areas of the cellulose and colloid in cell before and after pile-fermentation. At the same time, the tea leaves were observed under transmission electron micro- scope. [Result] The results showed that the pile-fermentation process caused the tea leaves tissue to become loose, and expanded the cell space. Besides, the cell wall of tea leaves was obviously thinning, and even breaking which composed of cellulose. Image analysis showed that the leaf fiber composition reduced significant- ly, with a corresponding increase of yellow colloid in cell. Under observation of transmission electron microscope, there were large amounts of fungi located in the space between the colloid and the cell wall of the tea leaves after pile-fermentation. [Conclusion] The fermentation of Green brick tea is the process of microbial bio- transformation of tea, which is dominated by microbe and consumed the cellulose components of tea leaves.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obe...The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obesity-preventingelieving effects.A total of 174 compounds including quercetin,chlorogenic acid,1-deoxyecomycin(1-DNJ)related to antihyperlipidemia effects were identified from the MLIT powder.MLIT treatment reversed the Lee's index,fat coefficient,and serum biochemical parameters in both the obesity relieving and obesity preventing mice fed with high-fat diet.In the obesity relieving experiment,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in mouse feces decreased after both 0.5%and 1%MLIT treatments.In obesity preventing experiments,mouse with different amount of MLIT treatments showed increased relative abundance of Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,while Deferribacteres,Desulfobacterota decreased.The beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice treated with MLIT increased.This study proved that MLIT had antihyperlipidemia potential via modulating intestinal microbiota in mice.展开更多
Numerous studies indicated that aluminum, the most abundant metallic element within the lithosphere, was considered to be related to some human diseases especially the Alzheimer’s disease. Tea, economically an import...Numerous studies indicated that aluminum, the most abundant metallic element within the lithosphere, was considered to be related to some human diseases especially the Alzheimer’s disease. Tea, economically an important beverage in the world, has been found to contain higher concentration of aluminum than many other drinks and foods. Therefore, tea would be a potentially important source of dietary aluminum. In order to understand the sources of aluminum in tea leaves and factors related with aluminum content of tea leaves, an experiment was designed to investigate the relationships of aluminum in tea leaves with leaf age, soil properties and forms of aluminum in soils. The results showed that there were great distinctions in the concentration of aluminum in tea leaves with different leaf age (Alold leaf> Almature leaf> Alyoung leaf). Moreover, soil pH was the major factor controlling the uptake of aluminum from soil into tea leaves. Furthermore, the content of aluminum in tea leaves was better predicated by the soluble aluminum extracted by 0.02mol/L CaCl2.展开更多
为揭示叶型-环境的协同调控机制,基于全国1961—2020年气候、土壤数据及茶园样点资料,利用MaxEnt模型筛选茶树种植的主导环境因子,采用自然间断点法划分不适宜区、次适宜区、适宜区和最适宜区4个等级,厘定不同叶型不同等级的主导因子阈...为揭示叶型-环境的协同调控机制,基于全国1961—2020年气候、土壤数据及茶园样点资料,利用MaxEnt模型筛选茶树种植的主导环境因子,采用自然间断点法划分不适宜区、次适宜区、适宜区和最适宜区4个等级,厘定不同叶型不同等级的主导因子阈值,结合各省茶园实际种植面积占比、实际边界样点对比以及卫星遥感进行验证。结果表明:1)春霜冻频率、年降水量、6—8月相对湿润度指数、最冷月平均气温、3—9月平均相对湿度、≥10℃活动积温、土壤pH值和海拔是两种叶型茶树的共同主导因子,其中春霜冻频率贡献率最高,约占52%~69%。2)模型预测精度较高,大叶种和中小叶种的AUC(area under curve)分别为0.952、0.893,区划结果与各省茶园面积占比、区划等级及边界样点总体吻合。3)大叶种对热量与湿润度需求更高,种植北界基本稳定在长江中下游;中小叶种具备较强低温耐受性,北界北扩约20~40 km。4)气候变暖推动潜在适宜区北移,但土地因子限制扩展幅度,形成“气候可行-土地受限”的格局。研究结果可为茶树品种选育、种植规划及农业政策制定提供理论支持。展开更多
In recent years,the effects of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated in the course of biological metabolism,such as superoxide(O2),hydrogen peroxide(H202),hydroxyl radical(HO)and singlet oxygen(102)on the human health...In recent years,the effects of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated in the course of biological metabolism,such as superoxide(O2),hydrogen peroxide(H202),hydroxyl radical(HO)and singlet oxygen(102)on the human health have received more attention due to their vital roles in physiological functions.Normally,antioxidant molecules,superoxide dismutase and catalase in biological organism can scavenge excessive free radicals by a series of chemical reactions to keep the cells in a state of redox homeostasis.展开更多
基金supported by Open Foundation of Fujian Key Laboratory of Green Intelligent Drive and Transmission for Mobile Machinery,China(GIDT-202308).
摘要To address the inherent problems of high labor costs and poor efficiency of current visual diagnosis methods for tea leaf diseases,this study proposes a GDE-YOLO-based real-time detection method for tea leaf diseases identification in complex tea plantation environments.The proposed architecture integrates three key enhancements:(1)combination of the neck network with a global attention mechanism(GAM),(2)optimization of the C2f module through a diverse branch block(DBB),and(3)replacement of a complete intersection over union loss function with an efficient intersection over union loss function,collectively improving recognition accuracy and speed.Experimental validation demonstrates that GDE-YOLO achieved 91.7%precision(3.1%higher than YOLOv8n)across different tea plantation scenarios and disease types,with specific improvements of 0.7%for tea anthracnose and 12.4%for tea white spot detection.Also,the enhanced model attained 80 FPS real-time performance.The deployment test on the NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano edge device showed that GDE-YOLO could achieve precise diseases identification with confidence threshold>0.8 and inference speed maintaining 18 FPS,satisfying edge computing requirements of accuracy and real-time performance.This research provides critical technical foundations for vision-guided precision sprayers in tea plantations,while promoting the practical implementation of machine vision in intelligent agricultural management.
摘要Accurate tea leaf disease classification in real-world scenarios is hindered by complex backgrounds and the loss of fine-grained lesion details during CNN down sampling.To address this,we propose ResNet50-Dual-Fusion.It integrates a Cross-Attention Feature Fusion module(CAmodule)to adaptively reconstruct tiny lesion edges via cross-spatial interaction between shallow and deep features.Furthermore,a Magnitude-Aware Linear Attention(MALA)module with 2D Rotary Position Embedding(RoPE)is introduced to rectify magnitude neglect,effectively suppressing background noise.Evaluated on a 5,276-image dataset,our model achieves 85.96%accuracy(+3.00%over the baseline),outperforming architectures like ViT and Swin-Tiny.Grad-CAM visualizations confirm its superior lesion localization,providing a robust paradigm for automated crop disease diagnosis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32472791)the Base of Introducing Talents for Tea Plant Biology and Quality Chemistry(D20026)+1 种基金the Project of Tea Plant Germplasm Resource Garden in Anhuithe Independent Research Project of State Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization(Grant No.SKLTEA-ZZ202502)。
摘要Purple-leaf tea plants are rich in anthocyanins,which have antioxidant,antimutagenic,and antiaging activities.Extensive research has elucidated the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways and regulatory role of CsMYB75 in common green-leaf tea plants;however,the precise molecular mechanism through which CsMYB75 regulates anthocyanin synthesis in purple-leaf tea plants has yet to be fully elucidated.In this study,RNA-seq was performed on the buds and the first to fourth leaves of the purple-leaf tea cultivar‘Zijuan’(Camellia sinensis var.assamica).Weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA)revealed that the expression of CsMYB75 was not only significantly correlated with anthocyanin accumulation but also strongly correlated with the expression of the anthocyanin synthase gene CsANS3.Further experiments demonstrated that CsMYB75 binds to the MYB-binding site(CAACCA)in the CsANS3 promoter region and positively regulates its expression.Moreover,the protein–protein interactions of CsMYB75,CsTT8,and CsTTG1 resulted in the formation of a multimeric complex(CsMYB75–CsTT8–CsTTG1).This complex exhibits the strongest transcriptional activation of the CsANS3 promoter,with activation levels that are 4.1–4.8-fold higher than those observed with any pairwise combination of the three transcription factors.Overall,the results of this study elucidate the mechanism of CsMYB75 in regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple-leaf tea plants during different developmental stages and provide valuable genetic resources and a theoretical foundation for the molecular breeding and metabolic engineering of tea plants.
基金supported by the Open Fund of National Key Laboratory for Tea Plant Germplasm Innovation and Resource Utilization(NKLTOF20240118)the Chen Yan Expert Workstation of Yunnan Province(202305 AF150182)。
摘要Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)is a multifaceted metabolic condition characterized by chronic hyperglycemia(elevated blood sugar levels)and insulin resistance(IR).We have isolated a new homogeneous polysaccharide,LYTP-3(7.22×10~5 Da),with anti-diabetic activity,from large leaf yellow tea(LYT)by biological activityguided sequential separation and activity evaluation.Using a T2DM mouse model,we demonstrate that oral administration of LYTP-3 could reduce blood lipid levels,alleviate hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance,and inhibit IR.LYTP-3 ameliorated T2DM treatment by activating the liver X receptor alpha(LXRα)-ATPbinding cassette(ABC)transporter(LXRα-ABCA1/ABCG1)signaling pathway,which is regulated by the gut microbiota.The strain Lachnospiraceae bacterium A4 is potentially the key to this improvement.Additionally,we have solved the molecular structure of LYTP-3 using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),and methylation analyses.The main backbone of LYTP-3 consists of 1,2,4-α-L-Rhap,1,4-α-D-Galp,1,6-α-D-Glcp,with branches of 1,4-β-D-Galp,1,6-β-D-Galp A,1,3,6-β-D-Manp,1,2-α-L-Rhap,T-β-Manp,and T-β-Galp.The findings of this study suggest that LYTP-3 may serve as a potential gut microbiota modulator in the treatment of T2DM.
基金Supported by Higher Education Institutions' Young Teacher In-Depth Business Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(XD2014056)~~
摘要[Objective] The aim was to understand the change of fermentation pro- cess of Chang-sheng-chuan green brick tea and analyze the changes in the con- tents of structure components of tea leaves before and after fermentation. [Method] Ten tea leaves before and after fermentation were chosen. The tea leaves sections were made using paraffin microtomy, PAS staining, and observed under light mi- croscopy. Through image analysis for the tea leaves, we compared the changes on the areas of the cellulose and colloid in cell before and after pile-fermentation. At the same time, the tea leaves were observed under transmission electron micro- scope. [Result] The results showed that the pile-fermentation process caused the tea leaves tissue to become loose, and expanded the cell space. Besides, the cell wall of tea leaves was obviously thinning, and even breaking which composed of cellulose. Image analysis showed that the leaf fiber composition reduced significant- ly, with a corresponding increase of yellow colloid in cell. Under observation of transmission electron microscope, there were large amounts of fungi located in the space between the colloid and the cell wall of the tea leaves after pile-fermentation. [Conclusion] The fermentation of Green brick tea is the process of microbial bio- transformation of tea, which is dominated by microbe and consumed the cellulose components of tea leaves.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2021C075)Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry(Heilongjiang University),Ministry of Education。
摘要The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obesity-preventingelieving effects.A total of 174 compounds including quercetin,chlorogenic acid,1-deoxyecomycin(1-DNJ)related to antihyperlipidemia effects were identified from the MLIT powder.MLIT treatment reversed the Lee's index,fat coefficient,and serum biochemical parameters in both the obesity relieving and obesity preventing mice fed with high-fat diet.In the obesity relieving experiment,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in mouse feces decreased after both 0.5%and 1%MLIT treatments.In obesity preventing experiments,mouse with different amount of MLIT treatments showed increased relative abundance of Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,while Deferribacteres,Desulfobacterota decreased.The beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice treated with MLIT increased.This study proved that MLIT had antihyperlipidemia potential via modulating intestinal microbiota in mice.
摘要Numerous studies indicated that aluminum, the most abundant metallic element within the lithosphere, was considered to be related to some human diseases especially the Alzheimer’s disease. Tea, economically an important beverage in the world, has been found to contain higher concentration of aluminum than many other drinks and foods. Therefore, tea would be a potentially important source of dietary aluminum. In order to understand the sources of aluminum in tea leaves and factors related with aluminum content of tea leaves, an experiment was designed to investigate the relationships of aluminum in tea leaves with leaf age, soil properties and forms of aluminum in soils. The results showed that there were great distinctions in the concentration of aluminum in tea leaves with different leaf age (Alold leaf> Almature leaf> Alyoung leaf). Moreover, soil pH was the major factor controlling the uptake of aluminum from soil into tea leaves. Furthermore, the content of aluminum in tea leaves was better predicated by the soluble aluminum extracted by 0.02mol/L CaCl2.
摘要为揭示叶型-环境的协同调控机制,基于全国1961—2020年气候、土壤数据及茶园样点资料,利用MaxEnt模型筛选茶树种植的主导环境因子,采用自然间断点法划分不适宜区、次适宜区、适宜区和最适宜区4个等级,厘定不同叶型不同等级的主导因子阈值,结合各省茶园实际种植面积占比、实际边界样点对比以及卫星遥感进行验证。结果表明:1)春霜冻频率、年降水量、6—8月相对湿润度指数、最冷月平均气温、3—9月平均相对湿度、≥10℃活动积温、土壤pH值和海拔是两种叶型茶树的共同主导因子,其中春霜冻频率贡献率最高,约占52%~69%。2)模型预测精度较高,大叶种和中小叶种的AUC(area under curve)分别为0.952、0.893,区划结果与各省茶园面积占比、区划等级及边界样点总体吻合。3)大叶种对热量与湿润度需求更高,种植北界基本稳定在长江中下游;中小叶种具备较强低温耐受性,北界北扩约20~40 km。4)气候变暖推动潜在适宜区北移,但土地因子限制扩展幅度,形成“气候可行-土地受限”的格局。研究结果可为茶树品种选育、种植规划及农业政策制定提供理论支持。
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China(No.Y2006B31)
摘要In recent years,the effects of reactive oxygen species(ROS)generated in the course of biological metabolism,such as superoxide(O2),hydrogen peroxide(H202),hydroxyl radical(HO)and singlet oxygen(102)on the human health have received more attention due to their vital roles in physiological functions.Normally,antioxidant molecules,superoxide dismutase and catalase in biological organism can scavenge excessive free radicals by a series of chemical reactions to keep the cells in a state of redox homeostasis.