In this paper, the trial function method is extended to study the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time- dependent coefficients. On the basis of a generalized traveling wave transformation and a trial f...In this paper, the trial function method is extended to study the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time- dependent coefficients. On the basis of a generalized traveling wave transformation and a trial function, we investigate the exact envelope traveling wave solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time-dependent coefficients. Taking advantage of solutions to trial function, we successfully obtain exact solutions for the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time-dependent coefficients under constraint conditions.展开更多
This paper obtains some solutions of the 5th-order mKdV equation by using the exponential-fraction trial function method, such as solitary wave solutions, shock wave solutions and the hopping wave solutions. It succes...This paper obtains some solutions of the 5th-order mKdV equation by using the exponential-fraction trial function method, such as solitary wave solutions, shock wave solutions and the hopping wave solutions. It successfully shows that this method may be valid for solving other nonlinear partial differential equations.展开更多
Based on the homogenous balance method and the trial function method,several trial function methods composed of exponential functions are proposed and applied to nonlinear discrete systems.With the.help of symbolic co...Based on the homogenous balance method and the trial function method,several trial function methods composed of exponential functions are proposed and applied to nonlinear discrete systems.With the.help of symbolic computation system,the new exact solitary wave solutions to discrete nonlinear mKdV lattice equation,discrete nonlinear(2+1)dimensional Toda lattice equation,Ablowitz-Ladik-lattice system are constructed.The method is of significance to seek exact solitary wave solutions to other nonlinear discrete systems.展开更多
The nonlinear two-point boundary value problem(TPBVP)is converted to a new form of the problem including integral terms.Then the combination of weak-form integral equation method(WFIEM)and special functions create a r...The nonlinear two-point boundary value problem(TPBVP)is converted to a new form of the problem including integral terms.Then the combination of weak-form integral equation method(WFIEM)and special functions create a robust and applicable numerical scheme to solve the problem.To display the accuracy of our method,some examples are investigated.Also,the fractional Boussinesq-like equation involving the β-derivative has been considered that describes the propagation of small amplitude long capillary-gravity waves on the surface of shallow water.展开更多
Acupuncture is widely used to treat functional dyspepsia with satisfactory outcomes. Combination of the He and Mu acupoints is commonly used and has a synergistic effect on functional dyspepsia; however, its underlyin...Acupuncture is widely used to treat functional dyspepsia with satisfactory outcomes. Combination of the He and Mu acupoints is commonly used and has a synergistic effect on functional dyspepsia; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, a randomized controlled parallel clinical trial is currently underway at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China. This trial is designed to explore the efficacy of and central responses to the He-Mu point combination in patients with functional dyspepsia using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 105 patients with functional dyspepsia will be allocated into 3 groups: the low-He point group(puncturing at Zusanli(ST36)), Mu point group(puncturing at Zhongwan(CV12)), and He-Mu point combination group(puncturing at ST36 and CV12). Every participant will receive 20 sessions of manual acupuncture for 4 weeks. The needles will be inserted perpendicularly to a depth of 1 to 2 cun. The angle of rotation and twisting will range from 90 to 180 degrees, while lifting and thrusting will range from 0.3 to 0.5 cm. The various manipulations will be performed 60 to 90 times per minute. The needles will remain in place for 30 minutes, during which manipulation will be applied every 10 minutes. Magnetic resonance imaging will be performed before and after 20 sessions of acupuncture. The primary outcome is symptom improvement according to the Chinese version of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index. Secondary outcomes include the Leeds dyspepsia questionnaire, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and visual analogue scale scores before and after 10 and 20 sessions of acupuncture. Needle sensation and adverse events will be used to assess the therapeutic effects. This study will promote more widespread awareness of the benefits of acupoint combination in the clinical setting and provide a further explanation of the neuromechanism by which acupuncture at the He-Mu point combination for functional dyspepsia. Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chi CTR-IOR-15006402.展开更多
Background: A dual bronchodilator, long-acting anticholine drugs (glycopyrronium, LAMA) and the long running β-2 stimulant (indacaterol, LABA), are effective for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease...Background: A dual bronchodilator, long-acting anticholine drugs (glycopyrronium, LAMA) and the long running β-2 stimulant (indacaterol, LABA), are effective for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate the effectiveness of the perioperative intervention of LAMA/LABA, a randomized prospective trial was performed for the lung cancer patients receiving a lobectomy with normal pulmonary function and COPD. Methods: Based on the results of the preoperative pulmonary function test, 25 patients were diagnosed with COPD [% forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) 1), who were randomized into two groups, the LAMA/LABA (n = 19) and the Control group (n = 18). The LAMA/LABA and the COPD groups daily received inhaled LAMA (50 μg) and LABA (110 μg) for 1 week before surgery and for least 4 weeks after surgery. The Control group had no treatment of the dual bronchodilator. The actual values were measured during the perioperative pulmonary function at three points of the preoperative baseline, the postoperative 1 week and the postoperative 4 weeks;these changes and changed ratios were then calculated. The patient-reported outcomes of the quality of life (PRO-QOL) were evaluated by the Cancer Dyspnea Scale (CDS), the COPD assessment test, and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Results: Regarding the value of FEV1 at the baseline, that in the LAMA/LABA group was 79.2% ± 6.4% and that in the Control group was 80.9% ± 6.4%, but that in the COPD groups was 57.9% ± 8.7%;there was a significant difference between the COPD and the Control group (p 1 value in the Control group was 1.3 ± 0.5 L and that in the LAMA/LABA group was 1.7 ± 0.5 L. On the other hand, that in the COPD group was 1.7 ± 0.5 L, which was significantly higher compared to that in the Control group (p = 0.0251 and p = 0.0369). The intervention of LAMA/LABA for the COPD and non-obstructive patients resulted in the less decreased degree of the pulmonary function in FEV1 compared to that in the Control group. Based on the PRO-QOL by the CDS, the intervention of LAMA/LABA significantly reduced the total dyspnea in the LAMA/LABA group compared to that in the Control group (p = 0.0348). Conclusion: The perioperative intervention of LAMA/LABA should lead to maintaining the postoperative pulmonary function of the FEV1 during the lobectomy with COPD and non-obstructive patients and the improvement of PRO-QOL.展开更多
目的探讨远程缺血预处理(remote ischemic preconditioning,RIPC)对心脏瓣膜患者术前心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的影响。方法初步纳入2022年1—7月北部战区总医院心血管外科拟行体外循环下心脏瓣膜手术患者。将符合筛选条...目的探讨远程缺血预处理(remote ischemic preconditioning,RIPC)对心脏瓣膜患者术前心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的影响。方法初步纳入2022年1—7月北部战区总医院心血管外科拟行体外循环下心脏瓣膜手术患者。将符合筛选条件的患者1∶1随机分为RIPC组和对照组。对比两组患者手术日清晨8 h HRV的相关指标[NN间隔的标准差(standard deviation of NN interval,SDNN)、每5 min NN间隔平均值的标准差(standard deviation of mean value of NN interval in every five minutes,SDANN)、连续NN间隔之间差的均数平方根(mean square root of difference between consecutive NN intervals,RMSSD)、>50 ms相邻RR间隔所占百分比(percentage of adjacent RR interval>50 ms,PNN50)、低频(low frequency,LF)分量、高频(high frequency,HF)分量以及LF/HF]。结果初步纳入118例患者。经筛查,58例患者被排除,有60例患者在知情同意的情况下参加本试验,其中分配至RIPC组30和对照组30例。由于取消手术导致HRV数据缺失,对照组有7例患者被排除,RIPC组有5例患者被排除,最终对照组纳入23例患者,RIPC组纳入25例患者。两组患者的基线特征差异无统计学意义,干预前24 h的HRV无明显差别(P>0.05)。干预后,对手术当日8 h的HRV结果进行对比发现,RIPC组患者的SDNN和SDANN高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论RIPC可以稳定心脏瓣膜患者术前的HRV。展开更多
目的探讨早期功能锻炼对全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后患者关节功能恢复的影响。方法采用随机对照试验,将120例TKA患者随机分为试验组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。试验组在术后24 h内开始早期功能锻炼,对照组按传统康复方...目的探讨早期功能锻炼对全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后患者关节功能恢复的影响。方法采用随机对照试验,将120例TKA患者随机分为试验组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。试验组在术后24 h内开始早期功能锻炼,对照组按传统康复方案进行。评估指标包括膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、疼痛视觉模拟量表(Visual Analog Scale,VAS)评分、膝关节学会量表(Knee Society Score,KSS)评分、健康调查简表(Short Form-36,SF-36)评分等,在术前、术后1周、1个月和3个月进行评估。结果2组患者术后ROM、KSS评分均随时间延长逐渐升高,VAS评分逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后各时间点,试验组ROM、KSS评分均高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后3个月,试验组ROM为118.2°±11.8°,对照组为108.5°±10.9°(二者比较P<0.001);KSS评分为(89.7±12.3)分vs(82.5±11.8)分(P<0.001);VAS评分为(1.3±0.7)分vs(1.8±0.8)分(P<0.001)。试验组SF-36评分及生活质量优于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率更低(P<0.01)。结论早期功能锻炼能改善TKA术后患者的关节功能恢复,减轻疼痛,提高生活质量,降低并发症发生率。展开更多
目的:通过网状Meta分析整合直接与间接证据,比较不同非侵入性脑刺激技术及参数对帕金森病患者步态和平衡功能的影响,并排序最佳干预方案。方法:检索CNKI、万方、维普、CBM、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、EMbase和Web of Science数据库,筛选...目的:通过网状Meta分析整合直接与间接证据,比较不同非侵入性脑刺激技术及参数对帕金森病患者步态和平衡功能的影响,并排序最佳干预方案。方法:检索CNKI、万方、维普、CBM、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、EMbase和Web of Science数据库,筛选有关非侵入性脑刺激改善帕金森病患者步态和平衡障碍的随机对照试验,检索时限截止到2025-06-16。对纳入的研究进行数据提取,采用RevMan 5.4.1软件和Stata 17.0软件进行统计学处理。结果:①纳入47篇研究,共2767例患者,试验组1399例、对照组1368例;②传统Meta分析结果显示,高频重复经颅磁刺激可以降低统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分(UPDRSⅢ)评分、冻结步态问卷(FOG-Q)评分,缩短起立-行走计时试验(TUGT)时间,增加步长,改善步速,提高Berg平衡量表评分,且均优于常规治疗(P0.05),受限于研究数量少,需进一步验证;③网状Meta分析结果显示(以下排序均基于间接比较),在降低统一帕金森评定量表第三部分评分方面:高频重复经颅磁刺激选择初级运动皮质区(M1)+背外侧前额叶皮质区(DLPFC)双侧靶点联合刺激的累积概率排序最高(95.2%),在初级运动皮质区上刺激排序次之(72.5%);在缩短起立-行走计时试验时间方面:高频重复经颅磁刺激在背外侧前额叶皮质区刺激的累积概率排序最高(85.5%),在初级运动皮质区上刺激排序次之(69.0%);在改善步速方面:高频重复经颅磁刺激在背外侧前额叶皮质区的累积概率排序最高(92.5%),在初级运动皮质区上刺激排序次之(76.7%);在提高Berg平衡量表评分方面:高频重复经颅磁刺激在初级运动皮质区上刺激的累积概率排序最高(79.9%),经颅直流电刺激在小脑上刺激排序次之(79.8%);④GRADE证据质量评价结果显示,统一帕金森评定量表第三部分、冻结步态问卷评分、起立-行走计时试验、步长证据等级为中级,步速、步频、Berg平衡量表评分为低级。结论:不同类型非侵入性脑刺激都可以改善帕金森病患者的步态和平衡功能。背外侧前额叶皮质区靶向的高频重复经颅磁刺激对步态功能的改善优于初级运动皮质(中等证据),而初级运动皮质靶向的高频重复经颅磁刺激对平衡功能的改善优于小脑靶向的经颅直流电刺激(低级证据)。展开更多
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11071177)
摘要In this paper, the trial function method is extended to study the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time- dependent coefficients. On the basis of a generalized traveling wave transformation and a trial function, we investigate the exact envelope traveling wave solutions of the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time-dependent coefficients. Taking advantage of solutions to trial function, we successfully obtain exact solutions for the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation with time-dependent coefficients under constraint conditions.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 10575082 and 10247008).
摘要This paper obtains some solutions of the 5th-order mKdV equation by using the exponential-fraction trial function method, such as solitary wave solutions, shock wave solutions and the hopping wave solutions. It successfully shows that this method may be valid for solving other nonlinear partial differential equations.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10461006)the Science Research Foundation of Institution of Higher Education of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(NJZZ07031)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(200408020103)the Natural Science Research Program of Inner Mongolia Normal University(QN005023)
摘要Based on the homogenous balance method and the trial function method,several trial function methods composed of exponential functions are proposed and applied to nonlinear discrete systems.With the.help of symbolic computation system,the new exact solitary wave solutions to discrete nonlinear mKdV lattice equation,discrete nonlinear(2+1)dimensional Toda lattice equation,Ablowitz-Ladik-lattice system are constructed.The method is of significance to seek exact solitary wave solutions to other nonlinear discrete systems.
摘要The nonlinear two-point boundary value problem(TPBVP)is converted to a new form of the problem including integral terms.Then the combination of weak-form integral equation method(WFIEM)and special functions create a robust and applicable numerical scheme to solve the problem.To display the accuracy of our method,some examples are investigated.Also,the fractional Boussinesq-like equation involving the β-derivative has been considered that describes the propagation of small amplitude long capillary-gravity waves on the surface of shallow water.
基金supported by the National Scientific Foundation Committee in China,No.81473602the Education Ministry’s New Century Excellent Talents Supporting Plan in China+3 种基金the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of China,No.201486the Youth Foundation of Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province in China,No.15QNJJ0008the National Natural Science Foundation-Excellent Youth Foundation in China,No.81622052the 2011 Co-Innovation Center of Sichuan Province named Acupoint Effects of Acupuncture Co-Innovation Center
摘要Acupuncture is widely used to treat functional dyspepsia with satisfactory outcomes. Combination of the He and Mu acupoints is commonly used and has a synergistic effect on functional dyspepsia; however, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, a randomized controlled parallel clinical trial is currently underway at Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China. This trial is designed to explore the efficacy of and central responses to the He-Mu point combination in patients with functional dyspepsia using functional magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 105 patients with functional dyspepsia will be allocated into 3 groups: the low-He point group(puncturing at Zusanli(ST36)), Mu point group(puncturing at Zhongwan(CV12)), and He-Mu point combination group(puncturing at ST36 and CV12). Every participant will receive 20 sessions of manual acupuncture for 4 weeks. The needles will be inserted perpendicularly to a depth of 1 to 2 cun. The angle of rotation and twisting will range from 90 to 180 degrees, while lifting and thrusting will range from 0.3 to 0.5 cm. The various manipulations will be performed 60 to 90 times per minute. The needles will remain in place for 30 minutes, during which manipulation will be applied every 10 minutes. Magnetic resonance imaging will be performed before and after 20 sessions of acupuncture. The primary outcome is symptom improvement according to the Chinese version of the Nepean Dyspepsia Index. Secondary outcomes include the Leeds dyspepsia questionnaire, Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, Self-Rating Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and visual analogue scale scores before and after 10 and 20 sessions of acupuncture. Needle sensation and adverse events will be used to assess the therapeutic effects. This study will promote more widespread awareness of the benefits of acupoint combination in the clinical setting and provide a further explanation of the neuromechanism by which acupuncture at the He-Mu point combination for functional dyspepsia. Registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, Chi CTR-IOR-15006402.
摘要Background: A dual bronchodilator, long-acting anticholine drugs (glycopyrronium, LAMA) and the long running β-2 stimulant (indacaterol, LABA), are effective for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To evaluate the effectiveness of the perioperative intervention of LAMA/LABA, a randomized prospective trial was performed for the lung cancer patients receiving a lobectomy with normal pulmonary function and COPD. Methods: Based on the results of the preoperative pulmonary function test, 25 patients were diagnosed with COPD [% forced expiratory volume in 1 second (%FEV1) 1), who were randomized into two groups, the LAMA/LABA (n = 19) and the Control group (n = 18). The LAMA/LABA and the COPD groups daily received inhaled LAMA (50 μg) and LABA (110 μg) for 1 week before surgery and for least 4 weeks after surgery. The Control group had no treatment of the dual bronchodilator. The actual values were measured during the perioperative pulmonary function at three points of the preoperative baseline, the postoperative 1 week and the postoperative 4 weeks;these changes and changed ratios were then calculated. The patient-reported outcomes of the quality of life (PRO-QOL) were evaluated by the Cancer Dyspnea Scale (CDS), the COPD assessment test, and the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire. Results: Regarding the value of FEV1 at the baseline, that in the LAMA/LABA group was 79.2% ± 6.4% and that in the Control group was 80.9% ± 6.4%, but that in the COPD groups was 57.9% ± 8.7%;there was a significant difference between the COPD and the Control group (p 1 value in the Control group was 1.3 ± 0.5 L and that in the LAMA/LABA group was 1.7 ± 0.5 L. On the other hand, that in the COPD group was 1.7 ± 0.5 L, which was significantly higher compared to that in the Control group (p = 0.0251 and p = 0.0369). The intervention of LAMA/LABA for the COPD and non-obstructive patients resulted in the less decreased degree of the pulmonary function in FEV1 compared to that in the Control group. Based on the PRO-QOL by the CDS, the intervention of LAMA/LABA significantly reduced the total dyspnea in the LAMA/LABA group compared to that in the Control group (p = 0.0348). Conclusion: The perioperative intervention of LAMA/LABA should lead to maintaining the postoperative pulmonary function of the FEV1 during the lobectomy with COPD and non-obstructive patients and the improvement of PRO-QOL.
摘要目的探讨远程缺血预处理(remote ischemic preconditioning,RIPC)对心脏瓣膜患者术前心率变异性(heart rate variability,HRV)的影响。方法初步纳入2022年1—7月北部战区总医院心血管外科拟行体外循环下心脏瓣膜手术患者。将符合筛选条件的患者1∶1随机分为RIPC组和对照组。对比两组患者手术日清晨8 h HRV的相关指标[NN间隔的标准差(standard deviation of NN interval,SDNN)、每5 min NN间隔平均值的标准差(standard deviation of mean value of NN interval in every five minutes,SDANN)、连续NN间隔之间差的均数平方根(mean square root of difference between consecutive NN intervals,RMSSD)、>50 ms相邻RR间隔所占百分比(percentage of adjacent RR interval>50 ms,PNN50)、低频(low frequency,LF)分量、高频(high frequency,HF)分量以及LF/HF]。结果初步纳入118例患者。经筛查,58例患者被排除,有60例患者在知情同意的情况下参加本试验,其中分配至RIPC组30和对照组30例。由于取消手术导致HRV数据缺失,对照组有7例患者被排除,RIPC组有5例患者被排除,最终对照组纳入23例患者,RIPC组纳入25例患者。两组患者的基线特征差异无统计学意义,干预前24 h的HRV无明显差别(P>0.05)。干预后,对手术当日8 h的HRV结果进行对比发现,RIPC组患者的SDNN和SDANN高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论RIPC可以稳定心脏瓣膜患者术前的HRV。
摘要目的探讨早期功能锻炼对全膝关节置换术(total knee arthroplasty,TKA)后患者关节功能恢复的影响。方法采用随机对照试验,将120例TKA患者随机分为试验组(n=60)和对照组(n=60)。试验组在术后24 h内开始早期功能锻炼,对照组按传统康复方案进行。评估指标包括膝关节活动度(range of motion,ROM)、疼痛视觉模拟量表(Visual Analog Scale,VAS)评分、膝关节学会量表(Knee Society Score,KSS)评分、健康调查简表(Short Form-36,SF-36)评分等,在术前、术后1周、1个月和3个月进行评估。结果2组患者术后ROM、KSS评分均随时间延长逐渐升高,VAS评分逐渐降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后各时间点,试验组ROM、KSS评分均高于对照组,VAS评分低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.001)。术后3个月,试验组ROM为118.2°±11.8°,对照组为108.5°±10.9°(二者比较P<0.001);KSS评分为(89.7±12.3)分vs(82.5±11.8)分(P<0.001);VAS评分为(1.3±0.7)分vs(1.8±0.8)分(P<0.001)。试验组SF-36评分及生活质量优于对照组(P<0.05),并发症发生率更低(P<0.01)。结论早期功能锻炼能改善TKA术后患者的关节功能恢复,减轻疼痛,提高生活质量,降低并发症发生率。
摘要目的:通过网状Meta分析整合直接与间接证据,比较不同非侵入性脑刺激技术及参数对帕金森病患者步态和平衡功能的影响,并排序最佳干预方案。方法:检索CNKI、万方、维普、CBM、PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、EMbase和Web of Science数据库,筛选有关非侵入性脑刺激改善帕金森病患者步态和平衡障碍的随机对照试验,检索时限截止到2025-06-16。对纳入的研究进行数据提取,采用RevMan 5.4.1软件和Stata 17.0软件进行统计学处理。结果:①纳入47篇研究,共2767例患者,试验组1399例、对照组1368例;②传统Meta分析结果显示,高频重复经颅磁刺激可以降低统一帕金森病评定量表第三部分(UPDRSⅢ)评分、冻结步态问卷(FOG-Q)评分,缩短起立-行走计时试验(TUGT)时间,增加步长,改善步速,提高Berg平衡量表评分,且均优于常规治疗(P0.05),受限于研究数量少,需进一步验证;③网状Meta分析结果显示(以下排序均基于间接比较),在降低统一帕金森评定量表第三部分评分方面:高频重复经颅磁刺激选择初级运动皮质区(M1)+背外侧前额叶皮质区(DLPFC)双侧靶点联合刺激的累积概率排序最高(95.2%),在初级运动皮质区上刺激排序次之(72.5%);在缩短起立-行走计时试验时间方面:高频重复经颅磁刺激在背外侧前额叶皮质区刺激的累积概率排序最高(85.5%),在初级运动皮质区上刺激排序次之(69.0%);在改善步速方面:高频重复经颅磁刺激在背外侧前额叶皮质区的累积概率排序最高(92.5%),在初级运动皮质区上刺激排序次之(76.7%);在提高Berg平衡量表评分方面:高频重复经颅磁刺激在初级运动皮质区上刺激的累积概率排序最高(79.9%),经颅直流电刺激在小脑上刺激排序次之(79.8%);④GRADE证据质量评价结果显示,统一帕金森评定量表第三部分、冻结步态问卷评分、起立-行走计时试验、步长证据等级为中级,步速、步频、Berg平衡量表评分为低级。结论:不同类型非侵入性脑刺激都可以改善帕金森病患者的步态和平衡功能。背外侧前额叶皮质区靶向的高频重复经颅磁刺激对步态功能的改善优于初级运动皮质(中等证据),而初级运动皮质靶向的高频重复经颅磁刺激对平衡功能的改善优于小脑靶向的经颅直流电刺激(低级证据)。