Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little...Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity.We applied a randomized,single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS,sinusoidal wave tACS,or sham stimulation into three groups.Participants performed n-back tasks,and electroencephalograms were recorded before,during,and after active or sham stimulation.Compared to the baseline,working memory performance(accuracy and response time)improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions.According to drift-diffusion model analysis,triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing.In addition,compared with sham conditions,triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period,while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period.The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient,local efficiency,and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage,and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point.Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage,demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing.In contrast,sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage,suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing.These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.展开更多
Damage depth is an important dynamic parameter for describing the degree of material damage and is also a key fundamental issue in the field of impact compression technology.The present work is dedicated to the damage...Damage depth is an important dynamic parameter for describing the degree of material damage and is also a key fundamental issue in the field of impact compression technology.The present work is dedicated to the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall under triangular wave loading,and an improved model of damage depth considering the material's compressibility and relative movement is proposed.The damage depth obtained from the proposed model is in good agreement with the laser-driven shock loading experiment.Compared with the previous model,the proposed model can predict the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall more accurately.Furthermore,two-groups of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)simulations are carried out to investigate the effects of peak stress and decay length of the incident triangular wave on the damage depth,respectively.As the decay length increases,the damage depth increases linearly.As the peak stress increases,the damage depth increases nonlinearly,and the increase in damage depth gradually slows down.The results of the SPH simulations adequately reproduce the results of the proposed model in terms of the damage depth.Finally,it is found that the threshold stress criterion can reflect the macroscopic characteristics of microspall of melted metal.展开更多
The influence of local landforms on ground motion is an important problem. The antiplane response of a scalene triangular hill to incident SH waves is studied in this paper by using a complex function, moving coordina...The influence of local landforms on ground motion is an important problem. The antiplane response of a scalene triangular hill to incident SH waves is studied in this paper by using a complex function, moving coordinates and auxiliary functions. First, the model is divided into two domains: a scalene triangular hill with a semi-circular bottom; and a half space with a semi-circular canyon. Wave functions that satisfy the zero-stress condition at the triangular wedges and at the horizontal surface are constructed in both domains. Then, considering the displacement continuity and stress equilibrium, algebraic equations are established. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the influence of the geometry of the hill and the characteristics of the incident waves on the ground motions.展开更多
Internal solitary waves have been found to disintegrate into a series of solitons over variablebathymetry, with important applications for offshore engineering. Considering realisticbackground stratification in the So...Internal solitary waves have been found to disintegrate into a series of solitons over variablebathymetry, with important applications for offshore engineering. Considering realisticbackground stratification in the South China Sea, internal solitary waves propagating over a stepare studied here. By assuming disintegrated solitons propagate independently, a theoreticalmodel, namely a triangular temporal-distribution law based on the Korteweg–de Vries theory, isproposed to describe the fission process of internal solitary waves undergoing disintegration. Aparameter is then introduced to quantify the accuracy of the theoretical model. The resultsindicate that the triangular law predicts the fission process better for a longer travelling distanceand a larger amplitude of internal solitary waves.展开更多
In this paper, based on new auxiliary nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a sixtb-aegree nonnneal term, we study the (2+l )-dimensional Davey-Stewartson equation and new types of travelling wave solutions...In this paper, based on new auxiliary nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a sixtb-aegree nonnneal term, we study the (2+l )-dimensional Davey-Stewartson equation and new types of travelling wave solutions are obtained, which include new bell and kink profile solitary wave solutions, triangular periodic wave solutions, and singular solutions. The method used here can be also extended to many other nonlinear partial differential equations.展开更多
以中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所研制的RMT-150C岩石力学试验系统为主要试验平台,以宜昌砂岩为研究对象,对砂岩在96 k N峰值、不同频率、不同波形加载下的垂向力变化速率、垂向变形速率、表观弹性模量、横向变形速率、瞬时泊松比与时间...以中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所研制的RMT-150C岩石力学试验系统为主要试验平台,以宜昌砂岩为研究对象,对砂岩在96 k N峰值、不同频率、不同波形加载下的垂向力变化速率、垂向变形速率、表观弹性模量、横向变形速率、瞬时泊松比与时间的关系等5方面内容进行分析得出不同频率、不同波形对上述关系的影响规律。在提出非滞后时间段内表观弹性模量与垂直力线性关系的基础上,给出不同频率下三角波和正弦波的计算公式及参数,计算和实测对比证明,其计算公式可以很好地拟合不同波形、不同频率下的变形速率随时间的毫秒级变化规律。在此基础上,给出了三角波和正弦波的能量计算方法,对比分析显示,计算公式和方法可以很好地对三角波和正弦波在不同频率和不同加载速度下的能量值作出毫秒级的精确预测。展开更多
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province(2023B0303030002)the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(IS23114,7242274)+4 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023TQ0027 and 2024M754099)the STI 2030-Major Projects(2022ZD0208500)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62336002,82071912,62406025,82202291,62373056,62306035)the Beijing Nova Program(20230484465)the Shenzhen Basic Research Program(JCYJ20241202124804007).
摘要Working memory is an executive memory process that includes encoding,maintenance,and retrieval.These processes can be modulated by transcranial alternating current stimulation(tACS)with sinusoidal waves.However,little is known about the impact of the rate of current change on working memory.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effects of two types of tACS with different rates of current change on working memory performance and brain activity.We applied a randomized,single-blind design and divided 81 young participants who received triangular wave tACS,sinusoidal wave tACS,or sham stimulation into three groups.Participants performed n-back tasks,and electroencephalograms were recorded before,during,and after active or sham stimulation.Compared to the baseline,working memory performance(accuracy and response time)improved after stimulation under all stimulation conditions.According to drift-diffusion model analysis,triangular wave tACS significantly increased the efficiency of non-target information processing.In addition,compared with sham conditions,triangular wave tACS reduced alpha power oscillations in the occipital lobe throughout the encoding period,while sinusoidal wave tACS increased theta power in the central frontal region only during the later encoding period.The brain network connectivity results showed that triangular wave tACS improved the clustering coefficient,local efficiency,and node degree intensity in the early encoding stage,and these parameters were positively correlated with the non-target drift rate and decision starting point.Our findings on how tACS modulates working memory indicate that triangular wave tACS significantly enhances brain network connectivity during the early encoding stage,demonstrating an improvement in the efficiency of working memory processing.In contrast,sinusoidal wave tACS increased the theta power during the later encoding stage,suggesting its potential critical role in late-stage information processing.These findings provide valuable insights into the potential mechanisms by which tACS modulates working memory.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1530261 and 11572054)the Science Challenge Project,China(Grant No.TZ2016001).
摘要Damage depth is an important dynamic parameter for describing the degree of material damage and is also a key fundamental issue in the field of impact compression technology.The present work is dedicated to the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall under triangular wave loading,and an improved model of damage depth considering the material's compressibility and relative movement is proposed.The damage depth obtained from the proposed model is in good agreement with the laser-driven shock loading experiment.Compared with the previous model,the proposed model can predict the damage depth of shock-melted metal in microspall more accurately.Furthermore,two-groups of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)simulations are carried out to investigate the effects of peak stress and decay length of the incident triangular wave on the damage depth,respectively.As the decay length increases,the damage depth increases linearly.As the peak stress increases,the damage depth increases nonlinearly,and the increase in damage depth gradually slows down.The results of the SPH simulations adequately reproduce the results of the proposed model in terms of the damage depth.Finally,it is found that the threshold stress criterion can reflect the macroscopic characteristics of microspall of melted metal.
摘要The influence of local landforms on ground motion is an important problem. The antiplane response of a scalene triangular hill to incident SH waves is studied in this paper by using a complex function, moving coordinates and auxiliary functions. First, the model is divided into two domains: a scalene triangular hill with a semi-circular bottom; and a half space with a semi-circular canyon. Wave functions that satisfy the zero-stress condition at the triangular wedges and at the horizontal surface are constructed in both domains. Then, considering the displacement continuity and stress equilibrium, algebraic equations are established. Finally, numerical examples are provided to illustrate the influence of the geometry of the hill and the characteristics of the incident waves on the ground motions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11572332 and 11602274)the National Key R&D Program of China (2017YFC1404202)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB22040203)
摘要Internal solitary waves have been found to disintegrate into a series of solitons over variablebathymetry, with important applications for offshore engineering. Considering realisticbackground stratification in the South China Sea, internal solitary waves propagating over a stepare studied here. By assuming disintegrated solitons propagate independently, a theoreticalmodel, namely a triangular temporal-distribution law based on the Korteweg–de Vries theory, isproposed to describe the fission process of internal solitary waves undergoing disintegration. Aparameter is then introduced to quantify the accuracy of the theoretical model. The resultsindicate that the triangular law predicts the fission process better for a longer travelling distanceand a larger amplitude of internal solitary waves.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China
摘要In this paper, based on new auxiliary nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a sixtb-aegree nonnneal term, we study the (2+l )-dimensional Davey-Stewartson equation and new types of travelling wave solutions are obtained, which include new bell and kink profile solitary wave solutions, triangular periodic wave solutions, and singular solutions. The method used here can be also extended to many other nonlinear partial differential equations.
摘要以中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所研制的RMT-150C岩石力学试验系统为主要试验平台,以宜昌砂岩为研究对象,对砂岩在96 k N峰值、不同频率、不同波形加载下的垂向力变化速率、垂向变形速率、表观弹性模量、横向变形速率、瞬时泊松比与时间的关系等5方面内容进行分析得出不同频率、不同波形对上述关系的影响规律。在提出非滞后时间段内表观弹性模量与垂直力线性关系的基础上,给出不同频率下三角波和正弦波的计算公式及参数,计算和实测对比证明,其计算公式可以很好地拟合不同波形、不同频率下的变形速率随时间的毫秒级变化规律。在此基础上,给出了三角波和正弦波的能量计算方法,对比分析显示,计算公式和方法可以很好地对三角波和正弦波在不同频率和不同加载速度下的能量值作出毫秒级的精确预测。