The Mg-9Li-1Zn(LZ91)alloy was subjected to an ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)with varying passes for the purpose of modifying its surface state.The USRP transformed surface residual stress from initial tensil...The Mg-9Li-1Zn(LZ91)alloy was subjected to an ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)with varying passes for the purpose of modifying its surface state.The USRP transformed surface residual stress from initial tensile stress to compressive stress,decreasing the surface roughness and increasing the ratio of the β-Li phase.The USRPed LZ91 sample(3 passes)showed superior corrosion resistance,with the corrosion current density changing from 57.11 to 24.70μA cm-2,and the polarization resistance increasing from 576.3 to 1146.1Ωcm2.According to the corrosion procedure evaluations,in situ observation revealed that the LZ91 alloy initially experiences pitting,which subsequently develops into cracking.The substantial area coverage of the β-Li phase facilitates the formation of a protective film on the surface,effectively delaying localized corrosion.展开更多
This study investigates the effects of the ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)on the surface microstructure,texture,and wear behavior of commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet.The application of USRP induces a dep...This study investigates the effects of the ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)on the surface microstructure,texture,and wear behavior of commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet.The application of USRP induces a depth-dependent gradient microstructure characterized by a gradual transition from fine-grained surface layers to coarser-grained regions.Severe plastic deformation at the surface significantly enhances surface microhardness,with values increasing from 63.8 HV in the untreated specimen to 132.9 HV after USRP-4 passes.The thickness of the plastic deformation layer exhibits process-dependent behavior,growing from 200μm(two passes)to 250μm(four passes).Wear test results indicate that the wear resistance of the material is significantly enhanced after USRP treatment.This improvement is primarily attributed to the combined effects of the following factors:surface grain refinement,the role of dislocation-induced twinning,increased hardness,the formation of nanoscale secondary phases,introduction of residual compressive stresses,weakened surface texture,and reduced surface roughness.Notably,both friction coefficients and wear volumes show a direct dependence on the number of rolling passes.This study systematically elucidates the underlying mechanisms linking USRP-induced microstructural evolution to enhanced wear performance,providing critical insights for optimizing surface engineering strategies in magnesium alloys.展开更多
The effect of ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP) as a severe plastic deformation technology was investigated on the evolution of microstructure, residual stress and surface morphology of TB8 alloys with body-cen...The effect of ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP) as a severe plastic deformation technology was investigated on the evolution of microstructure, residual stress and surface morphology of TB8 alloys with body-centered cubic structure. Stress-controlled rotating-bending fatigue tests indicated increased fatigue strength in USRP samples prepared using different number of passes compared to the base material, which was attributed to the presence of gradient structure surface layers. Five subsequent USRP passes resulted in the highest fatigue strength, due to the optimal surface properties including higher extent of grain refinement, larger compressive residual stresses, "smoother" surface morphology and increased micro-hardness. However, the effect of USRP technology on improving fatigue strength of TB8 alloy was not significant in comparison with that of other titanium alloys(for example, Ti6 Al4 V), which was attributed to the notable surface residual stresses relaxation revealed from measurements on postfatigued USRP samples. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis confirmed that fatigue crack initiation occurred in the larger grains on the surface with high Schmid factor. Small cracks were found to propagate into the core material in a mixed transgranular and intergranular mode. Further analysis indicated that grain growth existed in post-fatigued USRP-treated TB8 samples and that the average geometrically necessary dislocations value reduced after fatigue loading.展开更多
At present,there are many studies on the residual stress field and plastic strain field introduced by surface strengthening,which can well hinder the initiation of early fatigue cracks and delay the propagation of fat...At present,there are many studies on the residual stress field and plastic strain field introduced by surface strengthening,which can well hinder the initiation of early fatigue cracks and delay the propagation of fatigue cracks.However,there are few studies on the effects of these key factors on fretting wear.In the paper,shot-peening(SP)and ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)were performed on Ti-6Al-4V plate specimens.The surface hardness and residual stresses of the material were tested by vickers indenter and X-ray diffraction residual stress analyzer.Microhardness were measured by HXD-1000MC/CD micro Vickers hardness tester.The effects of different surface strengthening on its fretting fatigue properties were verified by fretting fatigue experiments.The fretting fatigue fracture surface and wear morphology of the specimens were studied and analyzed by means of microscopic observation,and the mechanism of improving fretting fatigue life by surface strengthening process was further explained.After USRP treatment,the surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V is significantly improved.In addition,the microhardness of the specimen after SP reaches the maximum at 80μm from the surface,which is about 123%higher than that of the AsR specimen.After USRP,it reaches the maximum at 150μm from the surface,which is about 128%higher than that of AsR specimen.It is also found that the residual compressive stress of the specimens treated by USRP and SP increases first and then decreases with the depth direction,and the residual stress reaches the maximum on the sub surface.The USRP specimen reaches the maximum value at 0.18 mm,about−550 MPa,while the SP specimen reaches the maximum value at 0.1 mm,about−380 MPa.The fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V effectively improved after USRP and SP.The surface integrity of specimens after USRP is the best,which has deeper residual compressive stress layer and more refined grain.In this paper,a fretting wear device is designed to carry out fretting fatigue experiments on specimens with different surface strengthening.展开更多
The effects of electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process on surface mechanical properties andmicrostructure evolution of commercial pure titanium were investigated. It was found that the surface mecha...The effects of electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process on surface mechanical properties andmicrostructure evolution of commercial pure titanium were investigated. It was found that the surface mechanical prop-erties were significantly enhanced compared to traditional ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP), leading to smallersurface roughness and smoother morphology with fewer cracks and defects. Moreover, surface strengthened layer wasremarkably enhanced with deeper severe plastic deformation layer and higher surface hardness. Remarkable enhancementsof surface mechanical properties may be related to the gradient refined microstructure, the enhanced severe plasticdeformation layer and the accelerated formation of sub-boundaries and twins induced by coupling effects of USRP andelectropulsing. The primary intrinsic reasons for these improvements may be attributed to the thermal and athermal effectscaused by electropulsing treatment, which would accelerate dislocation mobility and atom diffusion.展开更多
Ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)is one of the effective mechanical surface enhancement techniques.During the USRP,unstable static force will easily do harm to the surface quality.In order to achieve a higher s...Ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)is one of the effective mechanical surface enhancement techniques.During the USRP,unstable static force will easily do harm to the surface quality.In order to achieve a higher surface quality on the part with a curved surface,an active and passive compliant USRP system has been developed.The compliant USRP tool can produce the natural obedience deformation along the part surface.Force control based on the fuzzy Proportional-integral-derivative(PID)method is then designed to maintain the static force during the USRP.Experiments have been performed on a real aero-engine blade with curved surface.It is proved that the deigned active and passive compliant USRP system can significantly reduce the force variation from 42.2 N to 4.2 N,and achieve a uniform surface quality after processing.展开更多
Severe plastic deformation is known to induce grain refinement and gradient structure on metals’surfaces and improve their mechanical properties.However,the fundamental mechanisms behind the grain refinement and micr...Severe plastic deformation is known to induce grain refinement and gradient structure on metals’surfaces and improve their mechanical properties.However,the fundamental mechanisms behind the grain refinement and micromechanical properties of materials subjected to severe plastic deformation are not still well studied.Here,ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)was used to create a gradient microstructure,consisting of amorphous,equiaxed nano-grained,nano-laminated,ultrafine laminated and ultrafine grained structure on the surface of TB8βtitanium alloy.High energy and strain drove element co-segregation on sample surface leading to an amorphous structure during USRP processing.In situ transmission electron microscope compression tests were performed in the submicron sized pillar extracted from gradient structure and coarse grain,in order to reveal the micromechanics behavior of different grain morphologies.The ultrafine grained layer exhibited the lowest yield stress in comparison with single crystal and amorphous-nanocrystalline layers;the ultrafine grained layer and single crystal had an excellent strain hardening rate.The discrepancy among the grain sizes and activated dislocation sources led to the above mentioned different properties.Dislocation activities were observed in both compression test and microstructure evolution of USRP-treated TB8 alloy.An evolution of dislocation tangles and dislocation walls into low angle grain boundaries and subsequent high angle grain boundaries caused the grain refinement,where twinning could not be found and no phase transformation occurred.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52271091)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFB3701100)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Ningxia Province(No.2023AAC03324).
摘要The Mg-9Li-1Zn(LZ91)alloy was subjected to an ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)with varying passes for the purpose of modifying its surface state.The USRP transformed surface residual stress from initial tensile stress to compressive stress,decreasing the surface roughness and increasing the ratio of the β-Li phase.The USRPed LZ91 sample(3 passes)showed superior corrosion resistance,with the corrosion current density changing from 57.11 to 24.70μA cm-2,and the polarization resistance increasing from 576.3 to 1146.1Ωcm2.According to the corrosion procedure evaluations,in situ observation revealed that the LZ91 alloy initially experiences pitting,which subsequently develops into cracking.The substantial area coverage of the β-Li phase facilitates the formation of a protective film on the surface,effectively delaying localized corrosion.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52271107 and 52301164)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021ME241)supported by Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(SDAST2025 QTA034).
摘要This study investigates the effects of the ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)on the surface microstructure,texture,and wear behavior of commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet.The application of USRP induces a depth-dependent gradient microstructure characterized by a gradual transition from fine-grained surface layers to coarser-grained regions.Severe plastic deformation at the surface significantly enhances surface microhardness,with values increasing from 63.8 HV in the untreated specimen to 132.9 HV after USRP-4 passes.The thickness of the plastic deformation layer exhibits process-dependent behavior,growing from 200μm(two passes)to 250μm(four passes).Wear test results indicate that the wear resistance of the material is significantly enhanced after USRP treatment.This improvement is primarily attributed to the combined effects of the following factors:surface grain refinement,the role of dislocation-induced twinning,increased hardness,the formation of nanoscale secondary phases,introduction of residual compressive stresses,weakened surface texture,and reduced surface roughness.Notably,both friction coefficients and wear volumes show a direct dependence on the number of rolling passes.This study systematically elucidates the underlying mechanisms linking USRP-induced microstructural evolution to enhanced wear performance,providing critical insights for optimizing surface engineering strategies in magnesium alloys.
基金the support of National Natural Science Foundation of China(51771155)National Science and Technology Major Project(2017-VII-0012-0107)Equipment Pre-research Field Fund(61409220202)。
摘要The effect of ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP) as a severe plastic deformation technology was investigated on the evolution of microstructure, residual stress and surface morphology of TB8 alloys with body-centered cubic structure. Stress-controlled rotating-bending fatigue tests indicated increased fatigue strength in USRP samples prepared using different number of passes compared to the base material, which was attributed to the presence of gradient structure surface layers. Five subsequent USRP passes resulted in the highest fatigue strength, due to the optimal surface properties including higher extent of grain refinement, larger compressive residual stresses, "smoother" surface morphology and increased micro-hardness. However, the effect of USRP technology on improving fatigue strength of TB8 alloy was not significant in comparison with that of other titanium alloys(for example, Ti6 Al4 V), which was attributed to the notable surface residual stresses relaxation revealed from measurements on postfatigued USRP samples. Electron backscatter diffraction analysis confirmed that fatigue crack initiation occurred in the larger grains on the surface with high Schmid factor. Small cracks were found to propagate into the core material in a mixed transgranular and intergranular mode. Further analysis indicated that grain growth existed in post-fatigued USRP-treated TB8 samples and that the average geometrically necessary dislocations value reduced after fatigue loading.
基金Supported by National Key Research and Development Project(Grant No.2018YFC1902400)Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai(Grant No.20ZR1415300).
摘要At present,there are many studies on the residual stress field and plastic strain field introduced by surface strengthening,which can well hinder the initiation of early fatigue cracks and delay the propagation of fatigue cracks.However,there are few studies on the effects of these key factors on fretting wear.In the paper,shot-peening(SP)and ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)were performed on Ti-6Al-4V plate specimens.The surface hardness and residual stresses of the material were tested by vickers indenter and X-ray diffraction residual stress analyzer.Microhardness were measured by HXD-1000MC/CD micro Vickers hardness tester.The effects of different surface strengthening on its fretting fatigue properties were verified by fretting fatigue experiments.The fretting fatigue fracture surface and wear morphology of the specimens were studied and analyzed by means of microscopic observation,and the mechanism of improving fretting fatigue life by surface strengthening process was further explained.After USRP treatment,the surface roughness of Ti-6Al-4V is significantly improved.In addition,the microhardness of the specimen after SP reaches the maximum at 80μm from the surface,which is about 123%higher than that of the AsR specimen.After USRP,it reaches the maximum at 150μm from the surface,which is about 128%higher than that of AsR specimen.It is also found that the residual compressive stress of the specimens treated by USRP and SP increases first and then decreases with the depth direction,and the residual stress reaches the maximum on the sub surface.The USRP specimen reaches the maximum value at 0.18 mm,about−550 MPa,while the SP specimen reaches the maximum value at 0.1 mm,about−380 MPa.The fretting fatigue life of Ti-6Al-4V effectively improved after USRP and SP.The surface integrity of specimens after USRP is the best,which has deeper residual compressive stress layer and more refined grain.In this paper,a fretting wear device is designed to carry out fretting fatigue experiments on specimens with different surface strengthening.
基金financial support from the Shenzhen Development and Reform Commission Engineering Laboratory Project(Shenzhen development and Reform2015-1033)the Shenzhen Science and Technology supporting Plan Project(GJHS20160331183313435)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2017M620770)
摘要The effects of electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic surface rolling process on surface mechanical properties andmicrostructure evolution of commercial pure titanium were investigated. It was found that the surface mechanical prop-erties were significantly enhanced compared to traditional ultrasonic surface rolling process (USRP), leading to smallersurface roughness and smoother morphology with fewer cracks and defects. Moreover, surface strengthened layer wasremarkably enhanced with deeper severe plastic deformation layer and higher surface hardness. Remarkable enhancementsof surface mechanical properties may be related to the gradient refined microstructure, the enhanced severe plasticdeformation layer and the accelerated formation of sub-boundaries and twins induced by coupling effects of USRP andelectropulsing. The primary intrinsic reasons for these improvements may be attributed to the thermal and athermal effectscaused by electropulsing treatment, which would accelerate dislocation mobility and atom diffusion.
基金sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51725503,No.51975214)Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission(2019-01-07-00-02-E00068)+2 种基金support by Shanghai Technology Innovation Program of SHEITC(CXY-2015-001)Fok Ying Tung Education FoundationYoung Program of Yangtze River Scholars。
摘要Ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)is one of the effective mechanical surface enhancement techniques.During the USRP,unstable static force will easily do harm to the surface quality.In order to achieve a higher surface quality on the part with a curved surface,an active and passive compliant USRP system has been developed.The compliant USRP tool can produce the natural obedience deformation along the part surface.Force control based on the fuzzy Proportional-integral-derivative(PID)method is then designed to maintain the static force during the USRP.Experiments have been performed on a real aero-engine blade with curved surface.It is proved that the deigned active and passive compliant USRP system can significantly reduce the force variation from 42.2 N to 4.2 N,and achieve a uniform surface quality after processing.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51771155)the National Science and Technology Major Project(No.J2019-I-0016)。
摘要Severe plastic deformation is known to induce grain refinement and gradient structure on metals’surfaces and improve their mechanical properties.However,the fundamental mechanisms behind the grain refinement and micromechanical properties of materials subjected to severe plastic deformation are not still well studied.Here,ultrasonic surface rolling process(USRP)was used to create a gradient microstructure,consisting of amorphous,equiaxed nano-grained,nano-laminated,ultrafine laminated and ultrafine grained structure on the surface of TB8βtitanium alloy.High energy and strain drove element co-segregation on sample surface leading to an amorphous structure during USRP processing.In situ transmission electron microscope compression tests were performed in the submicron sized pillar extracted from gradient structure and coarse grain,in order to reveal the micromechanics behavior of different grain morphologies.The ultrafine grained layer exhibited the lowest yield stress in comparison with single crystal and amorphous-nanocrystalline layers;the ultrafine grained layer and single crystal had an excellent strain hardening rate.The discrepancy among the grain sizes and activated dislocation sources led to the above mentioned different properties.Dislocation activities were observed in both compression test and microstructure evolution of USRP-treated TB8 alloy.An evolution of dislocation tangles and dislocation walls into low angle grain boundaries and subsequent high angle grain boundaries caused the grain refinement,where twinning could not be found and no phase transformation occurred.