The well-known Yau's uniformization conjecture states that any complete noncompact Kahler manifold with positive bisectional curvature is bi-holomorphic to the Euclidean space. The conjecture for the case of maximal ...The well-known Yau's uniformization conjecture states that any complete noncompact Kahler manifold with positive bisectional curvature is bi-holomorphic to the Euclidean space. The conjecture for the case of maximal volume growth has been recently confirmed, by G. Liu in [23]. In the first part, we will give a survey on thc progress. In the second part, we will consider Yau's conjecture for manifolds with non-maximal volume growth. We will show that the finiteness of the first Chern number Cn1 is an essential condition to solve Yau's conjecture by using algebraic embedding method. Moreover, we prove that, under bounded curvature conditions, Cn1 is automatically finite provided that there exists a positive line bundle with finite Chern number. In particular, we obtain a partial answer to Yau's uniformization conjecture on Kahler manifolds with minimal volume growth.展开更多
In this article, we show that the universal covering of any complete normal Kähler space of constant holomorphic sectional curvature on the regular locus is exactly biholomorphic to one of the complex projective ...In this article, we show that the universal covering of any complete normal Kähler space of constant holomorphic sectional curvature on the regular locus is exactly biholomorphic to one of the complex projective space, the complex Euclidean space or the complex Euclidean ball. Moreover, we also prove that in a normal Stein space any bounded domain with complete Bergman metric of constant holomorphic sectional curvature on the regular locus is necessarily biholomorphic to the complex Euclidean ball, by which we generalize the classical Lu Qi-Keng uniformization theorem to the singular setting.展开更多
Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)technology is widely used for reinforcement in geotechnical engineering due to its low cost,simple process,strong applicability and lack of secondary pollution.Ho...Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)technology is widely used for reinforcement in geotechnical engineering due to its low cost,simple process,strong applicability and lack of secondary pollution.However,the presence of clay particles in silt increases the compressibility and decreases the permeability of soil,complicating the even distribution of slurry into soil pores.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a treatment technology which is suitable for silty soil sites,achieving effective solidification using MICP.This study examines three treatment techniques,including grouting,immersing and mixing methods,to solidify silt material.The strength characteristics of the solidified soil were analyzed by using unconfined compression tests.Results show that the mixing method provides the highest strength,followed by the grouting method,with the immersion method yielding the lowest strength.The uniformity of the solidified samples was assessed by determining calcium carbonate content,X-ray diffraction tests,and mercury injection tests.The MICP samples made by using immersing and grouting methods exhibited inhomogeneity in both radial and longitudinal directions.For the immersing method,calcium carbonate content decreased,pore volume increased,and the degree of cementation worsened progressively from the outer layer to the inner layer.For grouting method,the same phenomenon occurs from the bottom(grouting point)to the top.In contrast,the MICP samples with mixing method showed good homogeneity in all spatial directions.This study provides guidance and optimization strategies for applying MICP technology in silty soil sites.展开更多
Achieving uniform X-ray irradiation in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is a key challenge for successful capsule implosion.Spherical hohlraums,particularly those with octahedral laser entrance holes(LEH...Achieving uniform X-ray irradiation in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is a key challenge for successful capsule implosion.Spherical hohlraums,particularly those with octahedral laser entrance holes(LEHs),are an alternative to the cylindrical hohlraums currently considered for ICF at NIF(USA)and LMJ(France).These spherical hohlraums are advantageous in terms of irradiation uniformity on the fusion capsule because,owing to their octahedral symmetry,low-order asymmetries cancel out intrinsically.However,they may be less favorable from an energetic point of view,primarily owing to radiation losses through their multiple LEHs.The net balance of these advantages and disadvantages is difficult to determine,because,unlike cylindrical hohlraums,they require fully 3D modeling.To address this,a new version of the MULTI-3D simulation code has been developed.MULTI-3D is a 3D radiation-hydrodynamics code with arbitrary Langrangian-Eulerian(ALE)hydrodynamics,multigroup SN radiation transport,and ray-tracing laser deposition.Using this tool,several aspects of the behavior of spherical hohlraums have been analyzed,with special attention to phenomena inaccessible to 2D modeling.In these targets,laser beams strike the inner walls at very oblique angles,and the expansion of plasma significantly alters the locations where primary X rays are produced.Furthermore,the complex distribution of laser hot spots leads to mutual interactions,where plasma bubbles from one beam intersect the path of another.The laser-to-X-ray energy conversion efficiency has been analyzed as a function of key parameters.The symmetry on the capsule has also been evaluated,revealing nonuniformities of less than 1%.展开更多
The interfacial stress between silicon bottom cell and perovskite top cell remains a critical challenge for flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells,leading to interfacial delamination and device degradation.In ...The interfacial stress between silicon bottom cell and perovskite top cell remains a critical challenge for flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells,leading to interfacial delamination and device degradation.In this work,the effect of the thickness and pyramid size on mechanical properties of silicon wafers are investigated,demonstrating that thinner wafers and smaller pyramids significantly enhance the flexural strength of thin silicon wafers by mitigating stress concentration effects.Based on these findings,a synergistic optimization strategy is proposed that employs precise wet-etching control to fabricate small-sized,high-density,uniform pyramids on 55μm silicon wafers for efficient and flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.By optimizing the texturing duration,this approach simultaneously enhances the minority carrier lifetime(τ)and achieves an excellent implied open-circuit voltage(iVoc).Furthermore,the uniform submicron-scale pyramid structure promotes high-quality perovskite film formation and improves interfacial contact properties.As a proof of concept,monolithic flexible perovskite/silicon tandem devices fabricated on such uniformly textured pyramids delivered a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 30.04%.These devices promise for low-cost,lightweight and flexible photovoltaic applications.展开更多
Efficient and stable tin halide perovskite solar cells(THPSCs)require improved interfacial engineering at the electron transport layer(ETL);however,poor interfacial contact and trap-induced recombination remain key li...Efficient and stable tin halide perovskite solar cells(THPSCs)require improved interfacial engineering at the electron transport layer(ETL);however,poor interfacial contact and trap-induced recombination remain key limitations.Here,we present a morphologically uniform ETL formed by blending PC61BM with 5 wt%of the conjugated polymer P3HT.This structure suppresses interfacial trap states and facilitates effective carrier extraction through improved contact and vertical phase continuity.The optimized devices achieve a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.06%,with an independently certified efficiency of 15.3%.Structural and spectroscopic analyses reveal a trap-suppressed and chemically stabilized interface.The devices also exhibit long-term operational stability,retaining 94%of their initial PCE after 900 h of ambient storage under encapsulation.Furthermore,the successful fabrication of a 12 cm2mini-module achieving a PCE of 10.44%validates the scalability of this approach.These findings underscore the potential of conjugated polymer-modified ETLs to address intrinsic limitations of tinbased perovskites and advance the development of efficient,stable,scalable,and lead-free photovoltaic technologies.展开更多
Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are regarded as promising candidates for the next-generation high-energy-density storage systems due to their unparalleled theoretical energy density and low redox potential.However,the co...Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are regarded as promising candidates for the next-generation high-energy-density storage systems due to their unparalleled theoretical energy density and low redox potential.However,the commercialization of LMBs is tremendously plagued by the barbaric growth of lithium dendrite and the intricate decomposition of electrolytes.Herein,the tailored boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)with hydroxyl(BNNSs-OH)and amidogen(BNNSs-NH2)functional groups are used as electrolyte additives to improve ion transport of the electrolyte and interface compatibility with lithium metal anode(LMAs).The BNNSs-NH2-based electrolyte exhibits superior Li+deposition behavior due to the stronger electrostatic interaction between-NH2groups and TFSI-anions,and the modified electrolyte shows obvious advantages in balancing Li+concentration gradients and enhancing the lithium-ion transference number.Therefore,the lithium-ion transference number of the BNNSs-NH2-based LMBs increases to 0.61.The Li‖BNNSs-NH2‖Li symmetric cell cycles stably over 1200 h at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2,and the average Coulombic efficiency of the Li‖BNNSs-NH2‖Cu asymmetric cell reaches up to 97.01%after 300cycles at 0.5 mA cm-2.In addition,the specific capacity of the LiFePO4‖BNNSs-NH2‖Li full cell is 120.26 mAh g-1after 600 cycles at 3C,corresponding to the capacity retention of 96.34%.This work provides a new strategy for homogenizing the ion deposition and enhancing the Li+transport through the tailored electrolyte additives,laying a theoretical foundation for the practical application of lithium metal batteries with high-energy-density.展开更多
The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li+ flux uniformity.Herei...The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li+ flux uniformity.Herein,an innovative electric field-assisted strategy is proposed to construct vertically aligned ion channels in CPEs using lithiated halloysite nano tubes(HNTs-SO3Li)embedded within a polyurethane acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PUA/PEGDA) matrix.Under an alternating electric field,the nanotubes orient perpendicularly,forming continuous,low-tortuosity pathways that significantly enhance roomtemperature ionic conductivity.The aligned structure not only shortens Li+transport distances but also homogenizes ion flux at the electrode interface,effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional stability.Three-dimensional structural reconstruction and ion transport simulations further demonstrate that the ordered channels promote uniform Li+distribution and faster ion kinetics compared to disordered systems.This study provides a scalable and efficient approach to designing high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state batteries,addressing critical challenges in ionic conductivity,interfacial stability,and dendrite suppression.展开更多
The pre-existingα-Fe crystals have important effects on the precipitation and growth of nanocrystals and finally determine the comprehensive soft magnetic properties(SMPs)of the nanocrystalline alloys(NAs).In this wo...The pre-existingα-Fe crystals have important effects on the precipitation and growth of nanocrystals and finally determine the comprehensive soft magnetic properties(SMPs)of the nanocrystalline alloys(NAs).In this work,a high content of Cu elements has been added to Nanomet-type alloys to enhance the gradient heterogeneity in order to well control the nanocrystalline process of amorphous alloys.Crystallization kinetics reveal that α-Fe crystals in the free-side layer exhibit higher nucleation and growth activation energies,leading to a slower crystallization rate than in the wheel-side layer.This inhomogeneous crystallization behavior reduces the uneven distribution of α-Fe crystals in the as-spun high Cu content ribbons.Consequently,the Fe82.5Si3.5B9P2C1Cu1.7 alloy achieves superior SMPs through nanocrystallization,including high Bs(~1.82 T),low Hc(10,000@1 kHz)across wide TA and tA ranges.Compared to low-temperature long-time and lowtemperature short-time heat treatments,high-temperature short-time heat treatment results in better SMPs.This is because it intensifies the competition between the fast nucleation/growth of newα-Fe crystals and the slower growth of pre-existing crystals.These findings deepen the understanding of crystallization processes in gradient inhomogeneous materials and guide the optimization of annealing processes for improved performance in Fe-based NAs.展开更多
Rotating Single-Baseline Interferometer(RSBI)systems have attracted considerable attention for Direct Position Determination(DPD)due to their simplicity and high localization accuracy.Nevertheless,the growing complexi...Rotating Single-Baseline Interferometer(RSBI)systems have attracted considerable attention for Direct Position Determination(DPD)due to their simplicity and high localization accuracy.Nevertheless,the growing complexity of electromagnetic environments has led to scenarios with multiple time-frequency aliased sources,rendering conventional DPD methods for RSBI systems ineffective.Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on deploying antenna arrays and applying related signal-processing techniques for localization.Typically,these approaches necessitate that the number of physical antennas exceeds the number of sources.For RSBI systems already in practical operation,this would entail the installation of additional physical antennas,which implies equipment recycling and hardware upgrades.In numerous cases,such modifications are unfeasible.This paper proposes a novel Relative Offset-based Direct Position Determination(RO-DPD)method for RSBI systems that can handle multiple time-frequency aliased sources.The proposed method overcomes the challenge of simultaneous positioning without requiring hardware modifications by leveraging time accumulation and algorithmic enhancements.The implementation of the method involves three key steps.Firstly,the rotation of the interferometer is synthesized into a virtual Uniform Circular Array(UCA).Secondly,a novel estimation variable,termed relative offset,is introduced.The variable serves as an intermediate parameter to establish correlation equations between the positions of multiple time-frequency aliased sources and the intercepted signals.Thirdly,the relative offset model in the UCA is transformed into a virtual Uniform Linear Array(ULA)model,from which the cost function can be derived via the Spatial Smoothing(SS)MUSIC algorithm.Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with traditional approaches,the RO-DPD method maintains the low complexity of RSBI systems while demonstrating robust performance in complex electromagnetic environments.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries(ZIBs)have attracted considerable attention as promising candidates for future grid-scale energy storage.However,their practical application is hindered by several challenges,including slu...Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries(ZIBs)have attracted considerable attention as promising candidates for future grid-scale energy storage.However,their practical application is hindered by several challenges,including sluggish iodine conversion kinetics,polyiodide shuttle effects,and uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth.Herein,we report a conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polymer with Cu+coordination(denoted as Cu-PEDOT)to simultaneously enhance iodine conversion kinetics and regulate zinc deposition behavior.The coordination of Cu+with sulfur atoms on thiophene rings strengthens the interactions between I2 and PEDOT,accelerates I-/I0 conversion,and suppresses polyiodide formation.As a result,the I2-loaded Cu-PEDOT cathode(I2-Cu-P)delivers a specific capacity of 207 mA h g-1(0.1 A g-1)and retains at 79 mA h g-1 after 15,000 cycles at 5 A g-1.On the anode side,Cu+coordination reduces the Zn nucleation overpotential and guides zinc deposition preferentially along the horizontal direction of the(002)facets(Zn-Cu-P).Consequently,a Zn-Cu-P||I2-Cu-P full cell delivers more than twofold increase in energy density compared with the counterpart of Zn||I2-Cu-P using metallic zinc anode.These findings reveal that a coordination polymer,by introducing different transition metal ions,might become a promising host that can achieve rapid iodine conversion and dendrite-free zinc plating simultaneously.展开更多
The differences in social contacts of age groups led to the variations of infection scales and requirements on hospital beds,and even the changes of the scales of severe infection and death during COVID-19 era.To figu...The differences in social contacts of age groups led to the variations of infection scales and requirements on hospital beds,and even the changes of the scales of severe infection and death during COVID-19 era.To figure out the transmission mechanism of age group,we proposed a multi-age group epidemic model with social contacts in this paper.Then,the basic reproduction numbers for the total population and the specific age group were respectively derived,in which the intra-average contact number for the specific age group determined the basic reproduction number therein.Meanwhile,the global stability for disease-free equilibrium point as well as the uniform persistence around endemic equilibrium point were extensively discussed.Furthermore,based on surveillance data from Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the simulation results showed that the high susceptibility to infection implied the high-risk of the specific age group.Especially,for the high-risk age group,the impacts of social contacts under three scenarios were significant.As a consequence,the local government was suggested to decline social contacts by closing the massive activities to avoid the shortage of hospital beds and the emergence of medical runs.展开更多
The(010)orientation ofβ-Ga2O3is a highly promising platform for next-generation lateral power electronics due to its superior theoretical transport properties.However,progress has been impeded by the unavailabi...The(010)orientation ofβ-Ga2O3is a highly promising platform for next-generation lateral power electronics due to its superior theoretical transport properties.However,progress has been impeded by the unavailability of large-area substrates,limiting studies to small-scale samples.Leveraging the recent emergence of 2-inch wafers,we report the first demonstration of homoepitaxial growth on a 2-inch,Fe-doped semi-insulating(010)β-Ga2O3substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD).A systematic,wafer-scale characterization reveals the successful growth of a highquality epitaxial film.High-resolution x-ray diffraction shows an excellent crystalline structure,with a rocking curve full-width ranging from 21.0 arcsec to 103.0 arcsec.Atomic force microscopy confirms an atomically smooth surface with a root-mean-square roughness below 1.53 nm,displaying a distinct step-flow growth mode across the wafer.Furthermore,mercury-probe capacitance-voltage mapping indicates a well-controlled carrier concentration of~2×10~(18)cm~(-3)with a RSD of 5.12%.This work provides the first comprehensive assessment of 2-inch(010)Ga2O3epitaxial wafers,validating a critical material platform for the development and future manufacturing of high-performance power devices.展开更多
Based on the split hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests results,the cubic specimens have been numerically modeled in this paper to investigate the impact of key factors,such as the rise time,duration,and incident pulse s...Based on the split hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests results,the cubic specimens have been numerically modeled in this paper to investigate the impact of key factors,such as the rise time,duration,and incident pulse shape,on achieving stress uniformity.After analysis,the paper provides actionable methods aimed at optimizing the conditions for stress uniformity within the cubic specimen.Finally,the lateral inertia effect of cubic specimen has been scrutinized to address the existing gap in this academic area.展开更多
Purpose:Examining the alignment(or“fit”)of China’s science and technology talent policies provides valuable insights into the challenges and shortcomings in supporting talent development,thereby offering a foundati...Purpose:Examining the alignment(or“fit”)of China’s science and technology talent policies provides valuable insights into the challenges and shortcomings in supporting talent development,thereby offering a foundation for enhanced policy design and support.Design/methodology/approach:This study introduces a policy fit analysis framework,which decomposes policy fit into three dimensions:consistency fit,embeddedness fit,and compensatory fit.By employing quantitative research methods,the study conducts a multidimensional analysis of China’s science and technology talent policies over the period from 2014 to 2023.Findings:The findings indicate that,after a decade of evolution,China’s policy system for science and technology talent has largely matured into a relatively stable framework,with policy fit demonstrating an upward trend over time.However,several challenges persist.For instance,the policy system places a disproportionate emphasis on talent cultivation and development,while comparatively fewer policies address the introduction,aggregation,and strategic planning of talent.Additionally,there are observable gaps between policy objectives and actual outcomes,as well as a misalignment between policy supply and the demands of talent development.Research limitations:The framework of policy fit analysis proposed by the study can only analyze policies at the same level,but it cannot conduct cross-level analysis.In the empirical analysis,the policy texts analyzed were limited to publicly available documents.Practical implications:The findings provide new perspectives and methodologies for policy evaluation,expanding the scope of existing policy analysis,and also offer meaningful guidance for policymakers and relevant administrative personnel.Originality/value:This paper introduces,for the first time,a policy fit analysis framework,addressing a gap in the study of policy alignment.展开更多
We derive closed-form solutions to the three-dimensional Eshelby's problem of a spherical Eshelby inclusion undergoing uniform deviatoric eigenstrains concentrically embedded in an isotropic elastic finite spheric...We derive closed-form solutions to the three-dimensional Eshelby's problem of a spherical Eshelby inclusion undergoing uniform deviatoric eigenstrains concentrically embedded in an isotropic elastic finite spherical domain with a traction-free or rigidly clamped boundary.The interface between the inclusion and its surrounding domain is assumed to be of Steigmann-Ogden type.Our solutions indicate that the stresses and strains within the spherical inclusion are generally nonuniform because of the effects of the finite spherical domain and the Steigmann-Ogden imperfect interface.The internal elastic field of stresses and strains is uniform within the spherical inclusion when a condition that relates the single interface parameter to the geometric parameter and Poisson's ratio of the finite domain is satisfied.When the spherical edge is rigidly clamped,a GurtinMurdoch interface is found to be sufficient to achieve this interior uniformity property.In contrast,when the spherical edge is traction-free,a Steigmann-Ogden interface with nonzero and positive bending stiffness parameters must be used to achieve the interior uniformity property.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg)alloys are widely used in industries such as aerospace,automotive,and electronics due to their low density and high specific strength properties.However,their limited plasticity and low elongation at room...Magnesium(Mg)alloys are widely used in industries such as aerospace,automotive,and electronics due to their low density and high specific strength properties.However,their limited plasticity and low elongation at room temperature during plastic deformation significantly restrict their applicability in manufacturing complex-shaped components.This study combines pre-stretching and induced electric pulse treatment(IEPT)processes to enhance the mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy,and microstructural evolution is systematically investigated.Experimental results indicate that this process significantly enhances the uniform elongation,while the yield strength shows no significant reduction compared to the as-received sample.The elongation initially increases and subsequently decreases with increasing voltage and pre-stretching levels.Optimal performance is achieved at a voltage of 6 kV and a pre-stretching strain level of 8%,resulting in a uniform elongation of 43%,which is 160%higher than that of the untreated alloy.IEPT exhibits a pronounced softening effect,effectively suppressing work hardening.The competitive interaction between softening and hardening mechanisms causes the yield strength to initially increase and then decrease.Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)analysis reveals that 6 kV IEPT process promotes dislocation slip and accumulation at grain boundaries,forming dense dislocation walls that contribute to enhanced strain hardening.Repeated IEPT treatments accelerate dislocation motion and annihilation,promoting dynamic recovery and recrystallization,thereby significantly reducing the dislocation density.Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD)analysis shows that IEPT leads to grain growth,suppresses the formation of{10-12}tensile twins,and activates non-basal slip systems,weakening the basal texture.These mechanisms collectively contribute to the remarkable improvement in the uniform elongation of AZ31B magnesium alloy.This study offers an advanced manufacturing processing,and new insights into enhancing the room-temperature plastic deformability of magnesium alloys.展开更多
Laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have gained increasing attention in the field of microano fabrication,although achieving sub-100-nm period LIPSS with high uniformity remains a significant challenge.In ...Laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have gained increasing attention in the field of microano fabrication,although achieving sub-100-nm period LIPSS with high uniformity remains a significant challenge.In this work,towards deep-subwavelength LIPSS on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG),we demonstrate that ultra-uniform nanogratings of sub-50-nm periods and near-10-nm groove widths can be stably prepared via 800-nm femtosecond laser scanning irradiation with a high-NA objective lens under water immersion.The resulting nanogratings of strong polarization dependence,exhibiting exceptional surface flatness,period stability,and structural integrity,tend to appear at near-damage-threshold fluence regime with an appropriate effective pulse number.It turns out that the water immersion condition can significantly reduce the thermal effects of femtosecond laser ablation on HOPG,and thus via a mild,incubation-like scanning ablation process occurring in the nanogrooves with a continuous or jumping manner,this deep-subwavelength grating can achieve robust elongation growth,ensuring its long-range uniformity as well as minimal deposited debris and structural defects.Interestingly,the different incubation extension mechanisms for the mutually perpendicular and parallel settings between scanning direction and laser polarization bring not only distinct effective-pulse-number windows and somewhat different grating qualities,but also different extension stabilities in nanograting stitching via overlapping scanning lines and thus the optimal scanning strategy of parallel setting for large-area processing.In short,this study presents a convenient laser-processing approach for high precision fabrication of sub-50-nm gratings on HOPG,which would provide new insights into microano-fabrication for optoelectronic metasurfaces and physics of the interaction between ultrafast laser and graphite.展开更多
Qubit-resolved operations and measurements are required for most current quantum information processing schemes.However,these operations can be experimentally costly due to the need for local addressing,demanding sign...Qubit-resolved operations and measurements are required for most current quantum information processing schemes.However,these operations can be experimentally costly due to the need for local addressing,demanding significant classical control.A more resource-efficient alternative to extract information is uniform measurement,where a site-independent rotation of qubits is performed before mea-suring in the computational basis.This operation can be performed in parallel,or globally,in atom-and ion-based platforms,reducing resource cost and increasing fidelity.In this work,we initiate the exploration of the utility of this operation in quantum information processing.In particular,we demonstrate that uniform measurements can certify certain graph states,a family of highly entangled and broadly useful quantum states.We provide a sample-efficient certification algorithm with a proved performance guarantee,together with an experimental scheme based on analog-mode Rydberg atom arrays.Uniform measurements,therefore,allow direct and efficient char-acterization of quantum states on quantum platforms in a hitherto unexplored manner.More broadly,our work establishes"uniformity"as a meaningful and practically motivated resource rubric for quantum information processing,and offers new insights into the architec-tural design of quantum computing devices.展开更多
摘要The well-known Yau's uniformization conjecture states that any complete noncompact Kahler manifold with positive bisectional curvature is bi-holomorphic to the Euclidean space. The conjecture for the case of maximal volume growth has been recently confirmed, by G. Liu in [23]. In the first part, we will give a survey on thc progress. In the second part, we will consider Yau's conjecture for manifolds with non-maximal volume growth. We will show that the finiteness of the first Chern number Cn1 is an essential condition to solve Yau's conjecture by using algebraic embedding method. Moreover, we prove that, under bounded curvature conditions, Cn1 is automatically finite provided that there exists a positive line bundle with finite Chern number. In particular, we obtain a partial answer to Yau's uniformization conjecture on Kahler manifolds with minimal volume growth.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2021YFA1002600)NSFC(Grant No.12201060)。
摘要In this article, we show that the universal covering of any complete normal Kähler space of constant holomorphic sectional curvature on the regular locus is exactly biholomorphic to one of the complex projective space, the complex Euclidean space or the complex Euclidean ball. Moreover, we also prove that in a normal Stein space any bounded domain with complete Bergman metric of constant holomorphic sectional curvature on the regular locus is necessarily biholomorphic to the complex Euclidean ball, by which we generalize the classical Lu Qi-Keng uniformization theorem to the singular setting.
基金supported by was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472337)National Key Research and Development Program of China(grant number:2023YFC3707900)National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant numbers:42030710).
摘要Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation(MICP)technology is widely used for reinforcement in geotechnical engineering due to its low cost,simple process,strong applicability and lack of secondary pollution.However,the presence of clay particles in silt increases the compressibility and decreases the permeability of soil,complicating the even distribution of slurry into soil pores.Therefore,it is necessary to develop a treatment technology which is suitable for silty soil sites,achieving effective solidification using MICP.This study examines three treatment techniques,including grouting,immersing and mixing methods,to solidify silt material.The strength characteristics of the solidified soil were analyzed by using unconfined compression tests.Results show that the mixing method provides the highest strength,followed by the grouting method,with the immersion method yielding the lowest strength.The uniformity of the solidified samples was assessed by determining calcium carbonate content,X-ray diffraction tests,and mercury injection tests.The MICP samples made by using immersing and grouting methods exhibited inhomogeneity in both radial and longitudinal directions.For the immersing method,calcium carbonate content decreased,pore volume increased,and the degree of cementation worsened progressively from the outer layer to the inner layer.For grouting method,the same phenomenon occurs from the bottom(grouting point)to the top.In contrast,the MICP samples with mixing method showed good homogeneity in all spatial directions.This study provides guidance and optimization strategies for applying MICP technology in silty soil sites.
基金supported by the Project Nos.PID2022-137339OB-C22 of the“Plan Estatal 2021-2023R”of the Spanish Government and ENR-IFE.01.CEA of EUROFUSION.
摘要Achieving uniform X-ray irradiation in indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion(ICF)is a key challenge for successful capsule implosion.Spherical hohlraums,particularly those with octahedral laser entrance holes(LEHs),are an alternative to the cylindrical hohlraums currently considered for ICF at NIF(USA)and LMJ(France).These spherical hohlraums are advantageous in terms of irradiation uniformity on the fusion capsule because,owing to their octahedral symmetry,low-order asymmetries cancel out intrinsically.However,they may be less favorable from an energetic point of view,primarily owing to radiation losses through their multiple LEHs.The net balance of these advantages and disadvantages is difficult to determine,because,unlike cylindrical hohlraums,they require fully 3D modeling.To address this,a new version of the MULTI-3D simulation code has been developed.MULTI-3D is a 3D radiation-hydrodynamics code with arbitrary Langrangian-Eulerian(ALE)hydrodynamics,multigroup SN radiation transport,and ray-tracing laser deposition.Using this tool,several aspects of the behavior of spherical hohlraums have been analyzed,with special attention to phenomena inaccessible to 2D modeling.In these targets,laser beams strike the inner walls at very oblique angles,and the expansion of plasma significantly alters the locations where primary X rays are produced.Furthermore,the complex distribution of laser hot spots leads to mutual interactions,where plasma bubbles from one beam intersect the path of another.The laser-to-X-ray energy conversion efficiency has been analyzed as a function of key parameters.The symmetry on the capsule has also been evaluated,revealing nonuniformities of less than 1%.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.T2322028,62474184,and 62004208)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2025YFF0516403)+5 种基金the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(Grant No.YSBR-102)the Talent Plan of Shanghai Branch,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.CASSHB-QNPD-2023-001)the Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.23QA1411100)the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(Grant No.22ZR1473200)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF(Grant No.GZB20250031)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2025M780190).
摘要The interfacial stress between silicon bottom cell and perovskite top cell remains a critical challenge for flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells,leading to interfacial delamination and device degradation.In this work,the effect of the thickness and pyramid size on mechanical properties of silicon wafers are investigated,demonstrating that thinner wafers and smaller pyramids significantly enhance the flexural strength of thin silicon wafers by mitigating stress concentration effects.Based on these findings,a synergistic optimization strategy is proposed that employs precise wet-etching control to fabricate small-sized,high-density,uniform pyramids on 55μm silicon wafers for efficient and flexible perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells.By optimizing the texturing duration,this approach simultaneously enhances the minority carrier lifetime(τ)and achieves an excellent implied open-circuit voltage(iVoc).Furthermore,the uniform submicron-scale pyramid structure promotes high-quality perovskite film formation and improves interfacial contact properties.As a proof of concept,monolithic flexible perovskite/silicon tandem devices fabricated on such uniformly textured pyramids delivered a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 30.04%.These devices promise for low-cost,lightweight and flexible photovoltaic applications.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation (NRF)(RS-2021-NR059606)the National Research Council of Science and Technology (Grant No. Global-23-007)the Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT)(KS2522-10 and KS2522-30) of the Republic of Korea.
摘要Efficient and stable tin halide perovskite solar cells(THPSCs)require improved interfacial engineering at the electron transport layer(ETL);however,poor interfacial contact and trap-induced recombination remain key limitations.Here,we present a morphologically uniform ETL formed by blending PC61BM with 5 wt%of the conjugated polymer P3HT.This structure suppresses interfacial trap states and facilitates effective carrier extraction through improved contact and vertical phase continuity.The optimized devices achieve a power conversion efficiency(PCE)of 16.06%,with an independently certified efficiency of 15.3%.Structural and spectroscopic analyses reveal a trap-suppressed and chemically stabilized interface.The devices also exhibit long-term operational stability,retaining 94%of their initial PCE after 900 h of ambient storage under encapsulation.Furthermore,the successful fabrication of a 12 cm2mini-module achieving a PCE of 10.44%validates the scalability of this approach.These findings underscore the potential of conjugated polymer-modified ETLs to address intrinsic limitations of tinbased perovskites and advance the development of efficient,stable,scalable,and lead-free photovoltaic technologies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52572264)the Science and Technology Innovation leader Program of Hunan Province(Grant No.2022RC3049)+1 种基金Tianshan Innovation Team Program of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.2024D14001)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Grant No.2025D01D11)。
摘要Lithium metal batteries(LMBs)are regarded as promising candidates for the next-generation high-energy-density storage systems due to their unparalleled theoretical energy density and low redox potential.However,the commercialization of LMBs is tremendously plagued by the barbaric growth of lithium dendrite and the intricate decomposition of electrolytes.Herein,the tailored boron nitride nanosheets(BNNSs)with hydroxyl(BNNSs-OH)and amidogen(BNNSs-NH2)functional groups are used as electrolyte additives to improve ion transport of the electrolyte and interface compatibility with lithium metal anode(LMAs).The BNNSs-NH2-based electrolyte exhibits superior Li+deposition behavior due to the stronger electrostatic interaction between-NH2groups and TFSI-anions,and the modified electrolyte shows obvious advantages in balancing Li+concentration gradients and enhancing the lithium-ion transference number.Therefore,the lithium-ion transference number of the BNNSs-NH2-based LMBs increases to 0.61.The Li‖BNNSs-NH2‖Li symmetric cell cycles stably over 1200 h at a current density of 0.5 mA cm-2,and the average Coulombic efficiency of the Li‖BNNSs-NH2‖Cu asymmetric cell reaches up to 97.01%after 300cycles at 0.5 mA cm-2.In addition,the specific capacity of the LiFePO4‖BNNSs-NH2‖Li full cell is 120.26 mAh g-1after 600 cycles at 3C,corresponding to the capacity retention of 96.34%.This work provides a new strategy for homogenizing the ion deposition and enhancing the Li+transport through the tailored electrolyte additives,laying a theoretical foundation for the practical application of lithium metal batteries with high-energy-density.
基金the Program of National Key Research and Development of China (No.2022YFB3603702, No. 2023YFC3905301)Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2025AFA025)the Research Fund of Jianghan University (No. 2023KJZX01)。
摘要The random distribution of one-dimensional nanofillers in composite polymer electrolytes(CPEs) typically results in tortuous ion transport pathways,severely limiting ionic conductivity and Li+ flux uniformity.Herein,an innovative electric field-assisted strategy is proposed to construct vertically aligned ion channels in CPEs using lithiated halloysite nano tubes(HNTs-SO3Li)embedded within a polyurethane acrylate/polyethylene glycol diacrylate(PUA/PEGDA) matrix.Under an alternating electric field,the nanotubes orient perpendicularly,forming continuous,low-tortuosity pathways that significantly enhance roomtemperature ionic conductivity.The aligned structure not only shortens Li+transport distances but also homogenizes ion flux at the electrode interface,effectively suppressing lithium dendrite growth.Electrochemical characterization reveals exceptional stability.Three-dimensional structural reconstruction and ion transport simulations further demonstrate that the ordered channels promote uniform Li+distribution and faster ion kinetics compared to disordered systems.This study provides a scalable and efficient approach to designing high-performance CPEs for next-generation solid-state batteries,addressing critical challenges in ionic conductivity,interfacial stability,and dendrite suppression.
基金financially supported by the Central Guidance for Local Technology Development Fund(Grant No.ZYYD2025ZY07)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52261033)+2 种基金Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research,China(Grant No.2024B1515120012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3800504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52192602)。
摘要The pre-existingα-Fe crystals have important effects on the precipitation and growth of nanocrystals and finally determine the comprehensive soft magnetic properties(SMPs)of the nanocrystalline alloys(NAs).In this work,a high content of Cu elements has been added to Nanomet-type alloys to enhance the gradient heterogeneity in order to well control the nanocrystalline process of amorphous alloys.Crystallization kinetics reveal that α-Fe crystals in the free-side layer exhibit higher nucleation and growth activation energies,leading to a slower crystallization rate than in the wheel-side layer.This inhomogeneous crystallization behavior reduces the uneven distribution of α-Fe crystals in the as-spun high Cu content ribbons.Consequently,the Fe82.5Si3.5B9P2C1Cu1.7 alloy achieves superior SMPs through nanocrystallization,including high Bs(~1.82 T),low Hc(10,000@1 kHz)across wide TA and tA ranges.Compared to low-temperature long-time and lowtemperature short-time heat treatments,high-temperature short-time heat treatment results in better SMPs.This is because it intensifies the competition between the fast nucleation/growth of newα-Fe crystals and the slower growth of pre-existing crystals.These findings deepen the understanding of crystallization processes in gradient inhomogeneous materials and guide the optimization of annealing processes for improved performance in Fe-based NAs.
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61901494,62101563)。
摘要Rotating Single-Baseline Interferometer(RSBI)systems have attracted considerable attention for Direct Position Determination(DPD)due to their simplicity and high localization accuracy.Nevertheless,the growing complexity of electromagnetic environments has led to scenarios with multiple time-frequency aliased sources,rendering conventional DPD methods for RSBI systems ineffective.Previous studies have predominantly concentrated on deploying antenna arrays and applying related signal-processing techniques for localization.Typically,these approaches necessitate that the number of physical antennas exceeds the number of sources.For RSBI systems already in practical operation,this would entail the installation of additional physical antennas,which implies equipment recycling and hardware upgrades.In numerous cases,such modifications are unfeasible.This paper proposes a novel Relative Offset-based Direct Position Determination(RO-DPD)method for RSBI systems that can handle multiple time-frequency aliased sources.The proposed method overcomes the challenge of simultaneous positioning without requiring hardware modifications by leveraging time accumulation and algorithmic enhancements.The implementation of the method involves three key steps.Firstly,the rotation of the interferometer is synthesized into a virtual Uniform Circular Array(UCA).Secondly,a novel estimation variable,termed relative offset,is introduced.The variable serves as an intermediate parameter to establish correlation equations between the positions of multiple time-frequency aliased sources and the intercepted signals.Thirdly,the relative offset model in the UCA is transformed into a virtual Uniform Linear Array(ULA)model,from which the cost function can be derived via the Spatial Smoothing(SS)MUSIC algorithm.Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.Compared with traditional approaches,the RO-DPD method maintains the low complexity of RSBI systems while demonstrating robust performance in complex electromagnetic environments.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(GK202302005)National Natural Science Foundation of China(51772181)+2 种基金111 project(B14041)Shaanxi Sanqin Scholars Innovation Teamthe Natural Science Basic Research Plan of Shaanxi Province(2019JLP-12)。
摘要Aqueous zinc-iodine batteries(ZIBs)have attracted considerable attention as promising candidates for future grid-scale energy storage.However,their practical application is hindered by several challenges,including sluggish iodine conversion kinetics,polyiodide shuttle effects,and uncontrolled zinc dendrite growth.Herein,we report a conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)polymer with Cu+coordination(denoted as Cu-PEDOT)to simultaneously enhance iodine conversion kinetics and regulate zinc deposition behavior.The coordination of Cu+with sulfur atoms on thiophene rings strengthens the interactions between I2 and PEDOT,accelerates I-/I0 conversion,and suppresses polyiodide formation.As a result,the I2-loaded Cu-PEDOT cathode(I2-Cu-P)delivers a specific capacity of 207 mA h g-1(0.1 A g-1)and retains at 79 mA h g-1 after 15,000 cycles at 5 A g-1.On the anode side,Cu+coordination reduces the Zn nucleation overpotential and guides zinc deposition preferentially along the horizontal direction of the(002)facets(Zn-Cu-P).Consequently,a Zn-Cu-P||I2-Cu-P full cell delivers more than twofold increase in energy density compared with the counterpart of Zn||I2-Cu-P using metallic zinc anode.These findings reveal that a coordination polymer,by introducing different transition metal ions,might become a promising host that can achieve rapid iodine conversion and dendrite-free zinc plating simultaneously.
基金supported by the Special Projects of the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(2021L3018)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2021J01621)+4 种基金the Consultancy Project by the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2023-JB-12)the Fujian Research and Training Grants for Yong and Middle-aged Leaders in Healthcare(202501140018)supported by the NSFC(12231012)supported by the Royal Society of Edinburgh(RSE1832)the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EP/W522521/1).
摘要The differences in social contacts of age groups led to the variations of infection scales and requirements on hospital beds,and even the changes of the scales of severe infection and death during COVID-19 era.To figure out the transmission mechanism of age group,we proposed a multi-age group epidemic model with social contacts in this paper.Then,the basic reproduction numbers for the total population and the specific age group were respectively derived,in which the intra-average contact number for the specific age group determined the basic reproduction number therein.Meanwhile,the global stability for disease-free equilibrium point as well as the uniform persistence around endemic equilibrium point were extensively discussed.Furthermore,based on surveillance data from Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,the simulation results showed that the high susceptibility to infection implied the high-risk of the specific age group.Especially,for the high-risk age group,the impacts of social contacts under three scenarios were significant.As a consequence,the local government was suggested to decline social contacts by closing the massive activities to avoid the shortage of hospital beds and the emergence of medical runs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20358,62474170,61925110,62404214,and 62234007)the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.WK2100000055)+2 种基金the Project of the 46t hResearch Institute of CETC(Grant No.WDZC202446007)the JieBang Headed Project of Changsha City Hunan Province(Grant No.kq2301006)the Opening Project and the Key Laboratory of Nano devices and Applications in Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and NanoBionics of CAS。
摘要The(010)orientation ofβ-Ga2O3is a highly promising platform for next-generation lateral power electronics due to its superior theoretical transport properties.However,progress has been impeded by the unavailability of large-area substrates,limiting studies to small-scale samples.Leveraging the recent emergence of 2-inch wafers,we report the first demonstration of homoepitaxial growth on a 2-inch,Fe-doped semi-insulating(010)β-Ga2O3substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD).A systematic,wafer-scale characterization reveals the successful growth of a highquality epitaxial film.High-resolution x-ray diffraction shows an excellent crystalline structure,with a rocking curve full-width ranging from 21.0 arcsec to 103.0 arcsec.Atomic force microscopy confirms an atomically smooth surface with a root-mean-square roughness below 1.53 nm,displaying a distinct step-flow growth mode across the wafer.Furthermore,mercury-probe capacitance-voltage mapping indicates a well-controlled carrier concentration of~2×10~(18)cm~(-3)with a RSD of 5.12%.This work provides the first comprehensive assessment of 2-inch(010)Ga2O3epitaxial wafers,validating a critical material platform for the development and future manufacturing of high-performance power devices.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52278518 and 51938011)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(No.24KJB560021)。
摘要Based on the split hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB)tests results,the cubic specimens have been numerically modeled in this paper to investigate the impact of key factors,such as the rise time,duration,and incident pulse shape,on achieving stress uniformity.After analysis,the paper provides actionable methods aimed at optimizing the conditions for stress uniformity within the cubic specimen.Finally,the lateral inertia effect of cubic specimen has been scrutinized to address the existing gap in this academic area.
基金supported by Science and Technology Plan Project in Sichuan Province(No.2025NSFSCR0002)Special Talent Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences Youth Innovation Promotion Association(No.2023183).
摘要Purpose:Examining the alignment(or“fit”)of China’s science and technology talent policies provides valuable insights into the challenges and shortcomings in supporting talent development,thereby offering a foundation for enhanced policy design and support.Design/methodology/approach:This study introduces a policy fit analysis framework,which decomposes policy fit into three dimensions:consistency fit,embeddedness fit,and compensatory fit.By employing quantitative research methods,the study conducts a multidimensional analysis of China’s science and technology talent policies over the period from 2014 to 2023.Findings:The findings indicate that,after a decade of evolution,China’s policy system for science and technology talent has largely matured into a relatively stable framework,with policy fit demonstrating an upward trend over time.However,several challenges persist.For instance,the policy system places a disproportionate emphasis on talent cultivation and development,while comparatively fewer policies address the introduction,aggregation,and strategic planning of talent.Additionally,there are observable gaps between policy objectives and actual outcomes,as well as a misalignment between policy supply and the demands of talent development.Research limitations:The framework of policy fit analysis proposed by the study can only analyze policies at the same level,but it cannot conduct cross-level analysis.In the empirical analysis,the policy texts analyzed were limited to publicly available documents.Practical implications:The findings provide new perspectives and methodologies for policy evaluation,expanding the scope of existing policy analysis,and also offer meaningful guidance for policymakers and relevant administrative personnel.Originality/value:This paper introduces,for the first time,a policy fit analysis framework,addressing a gap in the study of policy alignment.
基金supported by a Discovery Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(No.RGPIN-2023-03227 Schiavo)。
摘要We derive closed-form solutions to the three-dimensional Eshelby's problem of a spherical Eshelby inclusion undergoing uniform deviatoric eigenstrains concentrically embedded in an isotropic elastic finite spherical domain with a traction-free or rigidly clamped boundary.The interface between the inclusion and its surrounding domain is assumed to be of Steigmann-Ogden type.Our solutions indicate that the stresses and strains within the spherical inclusion are generally nonuniform because of the effects of the finite spherical domain and the Steigmann-Ogden imperfect interface.The internal elastic field of stresses and strains is uniform within the spherical inclusion when a condition that relates the single interface parameter to the geometric parameter and Poisson's ratio of the finite domain is satisfied.When the spherical edge is rigidly clamped,a GurtinMurdoch interface is found to be sufficient to achieve this interior uniformity property.In contrast,when the spherical edge is traction-free,a Steigmann-Ogden interface with nonzero and positive bending stiffness parameters must be used to achieve the interior uniformity property.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2024YFE0108800/T24KITG-014)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant no.52275394)+2 种基金National Key Laboratory for Precision Hot Processing of Metals(Project No.JCKYS2024603C007)Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(Grant Number:22B0005)Project of State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance(Grant Number:ZZYJKT2024-05).
摘要Magnesium(Mg)alloys are widely used in industries such as aerospace,automotive,and electronics due to their low density and high specific strength properties.However,their limited plasticity and low elongation at room temperature during plastic deformation significantly restrict their applicability in manufacturing complex-shaped components.This study combines pre-stretching and induced electric pulse treatment(IEPT)processes to enhance the mechanical properties of AZ31B magnesium alloy,and microstructural evolution is systematically investigated.Experimental results indicate that this process significantly enhances the uniform elongation,while the yield strength shows no significant reduction compared to the as-received sample.The elongation initially increases and subsequently decreases with increasing voltage and pre-stretching levels.Optimal performance is achieved at a voltage of 6 kV and a pre-stretching strain level of 8%,resulting in a uniform elongation of 43%,which is 160%higher than that of the untreated alloy.IEPT exhibits a pronounced softening effect,effectively suppressing work hardening.The competitive interaction between softening and hardening mechanisms causes the yield strength to initially increase and then decrease.Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM)analysis reveals that 6 kV IEPT process promotes dislocation slip and accumulation at grain boundaries,forming dense dislocation walls that contribute to enhanced strain hardening.Repeated IEPT treatments accelerate dislocation motion and annihilation,promoting dynamic recovery and recrystallization,thereby significantly reducing the dislocation density.Electron Backscattered Diffraction(EBSD)analysis shows that IEPT leads to grain growth,suppresses the formation of{10-12}tensile twins,and activates non-basal slip systems,weakening the basal texture.These mechanisms collectively contribute to the remarkable improvement in the uniform elongation of AZ31B magnesium alloy.This study offers an advanced manufacturing processing,and new insights into enhancing the room-temperature plastic deformability of magnesium alloys.
基金supported by grants from Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2021A1515012335)National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant No.11274400)+2 种基金Pearl River S&T Nova Program of Guangzhou(Grant No.201506010059)State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies(Sun Yat-Sen University)(Grant No.OEMT-2024-ZTS-01)State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics(Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics)。
摘要Laser-induced periodic surface structures(LIPSS)have gained increasing attention in the field of microano fabrication,although achieving sub-100-nm period LIPSS with high uniformity remains a significant challenge.In this work,towards deep-subwavelength LIPSS on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite(HOPG),we demonstrate that ultra-uniform nanogratings of sub-50-nm periods and near-10-nm groove widths can be stably prepared via 800-nm femtosecond laser scanning irradiation with a high-NA objective lens under water immersion.The resulting nanogratings of strong polarization dependence,exhibiting exceptional surface flatness,period stability,and structural integrity,tend to appear at near-damage-threshold fluence regime with an appropriate effective pulse number.It turns out that the water immersion condition can significantly reduce the thermal effects of femtosecond laser ablation on HOPG,and thus via a mild,incubation-like scanning ablation process occurring in the nanogrooves with a continuous or jumping manner,this deep-subwavelength grating can achieve robust elongation growth,ensuring its long-range uniformity as well as minimal deposited debris and structural defects.Interestingly,the different incubation extension mechanisms for the mutually perpendicular and parallel settings between scanning direction and laser polarization bring not only distinct effective-pulse-number windows and somewhat different grating qualities,but also different extension stabilities in nanograting stitching via overlapping scanning lines and thus the optimal scanning strategy of parallel setting for large-area processing.In short,this study presents a convenient laser-processing approach for high precision fabrication of sub-50-nm gratings on HOPG,which would provide new insights into microano-fabrication for optoelectronic metasurfaces and physics of the interaction between ultrafast laser and graphite.
基金supported by the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD0300400)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12504307 for C.L.and 12575022 for Y.G.)+3 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2023YFA1406702)the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty(Grant No.SRICSPYFZY2025157)the Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(Grant No.25LZ2600800)the Tsinghua University Dushi program(C.L.and Y.G.).
摘要Qubit-resolved operations and measurements are required for most current quantum information processing schemes.However,these operations can be experimentally costly due to the need for local addressing,demanding significant classical control.A more resource-efficient alternative to extract information is uniform measurement,where a site-independent rotation of qubits is performed before mea-suring in the computational basis.This operation can be performed in parallel,or globally,in atom-and ion-based platforms,reducing resource cost and increasing fidelity.In this work,we initiate the exploration of the utility of this operation in quantum information processing.In particular,we demonstrate that uniform measurements can certify certain graph states,a family of highly entangled and broadly useful quantum states.We provide a sample-efficient certification algorithm with a proved performance guarantee,together with an experimental scheme based on analog-mode Rydberg atom arrays.Uniform measurements,therefore,allow direct and efficient char-acterization of quantum states on quantum platforms in a hitherto unexplored manner.More broadly,our work establishes"uniformity"as a meaningful and practically motivated resource rubric for quantum information processing,and offers new insights into the architec-tural design of quantum computing devices.