Development of diabetic cataract is mainly associated with the accumulation of sorbitol via the polyol pathway through the action of Aldose reductase(AR).Hence,AR inhibitors are considered as potential agents in the m...Development of diabetic cataract is mainly associated with the accumulation of sorbitol via the polyol pathway through the action of Aldose reductase(AR).Hence,AR inhibitors are considered as potential agents in the management of diabetic cataract.This study explored the AR inhibition potential of Hemidesmus indicus var.pubescens root extract by in silico and ex vivo methods.Molecular docking studies(Auto Dock tool)betweenβ-sitosterol,hemidesminine,hemidesmin-1,hemidesmin-2,and AR showed thatβ-sitosterol(−10.2 kcal/mol)and hemidesmin-2(−8.07 kcal/mol)had the strongest affinity to AR enzyme.Ex vivo studies were performed by incubating isolated goat lenses in artificial aqueous humor using galactose(55 mM)as cataract inducing agent at room temperature(pH 7.8)for 72 h.After treatment with Vitamin E acetate−100μg/mL(standard)and test extract(500 and 1000μg/mL)separately,the estimation of biochemical markers showed inhibition of lens AR activity and decreased sorbitol levels.Additionally,extract also normalized the levels of antioxidant markers like SOD,CAT,GSH.Our results showed evidence that H.indicus var.pubescens root was able to prevent cataract by prevention of opacification and formation of polyols that underlines its potential as a possible therapeutic agent against diabetic complications.展开更多
(1)Background:Plant hydrolates are widely generated as by-products of essential oil distillation,yet their potential biological properties remain insufficiently explored.This study evaluated whether that lemon catnip(...(1)Background:Plant hydrolates are widely generated as by-products of essential oil distillation,yet their potential biological properties remain insufficiently explored.This study evaluated whether that lemon catnip(Nepeta cataria var.citriodora)hydrolate exhibits allelopathic and antimicrobial effects in preliminary in vitro assays,contributing to the valorization of distillation residues within circular bioeconomy approaches.(2)Methods:Phytotoxic effects on germination and early seedling growth of crops(maize,soybean,and white clover)and weeds(common lambsquarters,amaranth,and wild carrot)were evaluated under in vitro conditions using hydrolate solutions(10%,20%,50%,and 100%).Germination kinetics were modelled using first-order,Elovich,double-constant,and Langmuir equations.Antimicrobial,antibiofilm,and antiadhesion activities were assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts using agar diffusion and crystal violet screening assays.(3)Results:The hydrolate induced concentration-dependent inhibition of seed germination,with weed species showing greater sensitivity than crops.Complete suppression of weed germination occurred at≥50%concentration,whereas maize retained partial tolerance.Germination performance indices declined significantly with increasing concentration.In antimicrobial screening assays,the hydrolate showed greater antimicrobial activity and reduced Gram-positive bacteria,reducing Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by 70%and adhesion by 75%.(4)Conclusions:Lemon catnip hydrolate demonstrated screening-level allelopathic,antimicrobial and biofilm-associated inhibitory effects under in vitro conditions.These findings highlight the potential of hydrolates derived from essential oil distillation as bioactive by-products and support further investigation using quantitative antimicrobial testing and applied models to assess their practical relevance.展开更多
摘要Development of diabetic cataract is mainly associated with the accumulation of sorbitol via the polyol pathway through the action of Aldose reductase(AR).Hence,AR inhibitors are considered as potential agents in the management of diabetic cataract.This study explored the AR inhibition potential of Hemidesmus indicus var.pubescens root extract by in silico and ex vivo methods.Molecular docking studies(Auto Dock tool)betweenβ-sitosterol,hemidesminine,hemidesmin-1,hemidesmin-2,and AR showed thatβ-sitosterol(−10.2 kcal/mol)and hemidesmin-2(−8.07 kcal/mol)had the strongest affinity to AR enzyme.Ex vivo studies were performed by incubating isolated goat lenses in artificial aqueous humor using galactose(55 mM)as cataract inducing agent at room temperature(pH 7.8)for 72 h.After treatment with Vitamin E acetate−100μg/mL(standard)and test extract(500 and 1000μg/mL)separately,the estimation of biochemical markers showed inhibition of lens AR activity and decreased sorbitol levels.Additionally,extract also normalized the levels of antioxidant markers like SOD,CAT,GSH.Our results showed evidence that H.indicus var.pubescens root was able to prevent cataract by prevention of opacification and formation of polyols that underlines its potential as a possible therapeutic agent against diabetic complications.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia,Grant numbers:451-03-33/2026-03/200032,451-03-34/2026-03/200134,451-03-33/2026-03/200134,451-03-136/2025-03/200051,and 451-03-136/2025-03/200026.
摘要(1)Background:Plant hydrolates are widely generated as by-products of essential oil distillation,yet their potential biological properties remain insufficiently explored.This study evaluated whether that lemon catnip(Nepeta cataria var.citriodora)hydrolate exhibits allelopathic and antimicrobial effects in preliminary in vitro assays,contributing to the valorization of distillation residues within circular bioeconomy approaches.(2)Methods:Phytotoxic effects on germination and early seedling growth of crops(maize,soybean,and white clover)and weeds(common lambsquarters,amaranth,and wild carrot)were evaluated under in vitro conditions using hydrolate solutions(10%,20%,50%,and 100%).Germination kinetics were modelled using first-order,Elovich,double-constant,and Langmuir equations.Antimicrobial,antibiofilm,and antiadhesion activities were assessed against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts using agar diffusion and crystal violet screening assays.(3)Results:The hydrolate induced concentration-dependent inhibition of seed germination,with weed species showing greater sensitivity than crops.Complete suppression of weed germination occurred at≥50%concentration,whereas maize retained partial tolerance.Germination performance indices declined significantly with increasing concentration.In antimicrobial screening assays,the hydrolate showed greater antimicrobial activity and reduced Gram-positive bacteria,reducing Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation by 70%and adhesion by 75%.(4)Conclusions:Lemon catnip hydrolate demonstrated screening-level allelopathic,antimicrobial and biofilm-associated inhibitory effects under in vitro conditions.These findings highlight the potential of hydrolates derived from essential oil distillation as bioactive by-products and support further investigation using quantitative antimicrobial testing and applied models to assess their practical relevance.