As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises s...As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.展开更多
Wave loads are a critical factor influencing the safety of semi-submersible offshore platforms(SSOPs).However,research on wave loads acting on semi-submerged structures remains limited due to complex large-amplitude m...Wave loads are a critical factor influencing the safety of semi-submersible offshore platforms(SSOPs).However,research on wave loads acting on semi-submerged structures remains limited due to complex large-amplitude motions,such as green water and wave breaking.To investigate the wave loads on an SSOP induced by a solitary wave,a meshless numerical model is developed by integrating the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,artificial viscosity,and Rayleigh theory.The model’s accuracy is validated by comparing simulated wave heights and wave loads against experimental data and exact analytical solutions.The maximum absolute error in the wave height peak is 0.037,corresponding to a relative error of 7.4%,while the maximum relative error in wave loads is 54%(absolute error:0.37 N).Although the relative error in the wave loads appears large,primarily due to the small magnitude of the measured loads,the numerical results remain in good agreement with both the experimental data and the exact solutions.Flow velocities around the structure increase with higher wave heights,exceeding 2 m/s when wave heights surpass 0.2 m,owing to complex wave dynamics.Distinct vortices form both upstream and downstream of the structure,intensifying with increasing wave height.The peak magnitudes of horizontal forces(both positive and negative)decrease with greater water depth,whereas vertical forces increase.Notably,the wave load amplitude(WLA)in the z-direction significantly exceeds that in the x-direction,reaching a maximum value of 0.799.展开更多
Electromagnetic wave absorption materials require high dielectric loss and excellent impedance matching performance.However,current conventional biomass‐derived electromagnetic wave absorption materials are still lim...Electromagnetic wave absorption materials require high dielectric loss and excellent impedance matching performance.However,current conventional biomass‐derived electromagnetic wave absorption materials are still limited by low electrical conductivity and a single structure.In this work,a“sphereetwork”hierarchical attenuation electromagnetic wave absorption material,which combines weakly conductive biomass‐derived carbon spheres and highly conductive cantaloupe‐like textured polypyrrole,was synthesized using Fe3+and methyl orange as template‐directing agents.Under the guiding effect of methyl orange,polypyrrole does not undergo disordered agglomeration on the surface of carbon spheres;instead,tubular polypyrrole grows orderly along the sphere surface and assembles to form a continuous conductive network.Conduction loss,dipole polarization,and interfacial polarization loss-acting as cooperative loss mechanisms-enable OJ‐MO‐PPy‐2.5 to achieve broadband effective absorption,with an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.2 GHz and a minimum reflection loss of−48.82 dB.Meanwhile,computer simulation technology(CST)simulation results indicate that after coating OJ‐MO‐PPy‐2.5,the reflection intensity of the electromagnetic wave is reduced by approximately three times when the wave is incident normally.The successful fabrication of OJ‐MO‐PPy furnishes novel insights for biomass‐derived electromagnetic wave absorption materials with broadband absorption capabilities.展开更多
An innovative real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock damage based on microseismic time-lapse double-difference tomography is proposed for delayed dynamic damage identification and insufficient detection of a...An innovative real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock damage based on microseismic time-lapse double-difference tomography is proposed for delayed dynamic damage identification and insufficient detection of adverse geological conditions in deep-buried tunnel construction.The installation techniques for microseismic sensors were optimized by mounting sensors at bolt ends which significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and anti-interference capability compared to conventional borehole placement.Subsequently,a 3D wave velocity evolution model that incorporates construction-induced disturbances was established,enabling the first visualization of spatiotemporal variations in surrounding rock wave velocity.It finds significant wave velocity reduction near the tunnel face,with roof and floor damage zones extending 40–50 m;wave velocities approaching undisturbed levels at 15 m ahead of the working face and on the laterally undisturbed side;pronounced spatial asymmetry in wave velocity distribution—values on the left side exceed those on the right,with a clear stress concentration or transition zone located 10–15 m;and systematically lower velocities behind the face than in front,indicating asymmetric rock damage development.These results provide essential theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing dynamic construction strategies,enabling real-time adjustment of support parameters,and establishing safety early warning systems in deep-buried tunnel engineering.展开更多
A fully nonlinear potential flow(FNPF)solver has been developed using the Finite Element Method(FEM)to simulate time-domain interactions between free-surface waves and marine structures.The ALE framework is implemente...A fully nonlinear potential flow(FNPF)solver has been developed using the Finite Element Method(FEM)to simulate time-domain interactions between free-surface waves and marine structures.The ALE framework is implemented alongside a segment spring analogy-based moving mesh strategy to accurately track evolving free surfaces and moving boundaries of floating bodies.The solver employs a preconditioned conjugate gradient method to efficiently resolve the resulting sparse,symmetric linear system at each time step.Temporal evolution is managed through a standard fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme,while Chebyshev 5-point smoothing suppresses non-physical saw-tooth instabilities.The solver’s performance and reliability are verified through comprehensive benchmark tests,including freesurface sloshing,nonlinear wave propagation,and wave-structure interactions with submerged or floating bodies.Furthermore,the study explores a modified potential flow model incorporating a quadratic damping term to address viscous effects in gap/moonpool resonance problems.展开更多
Considering the multiple challenges faced by stealth coatings in complex service environments,the development of multifunctional integrated microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) that combine efficient electromagnetic (...Considering the multiple challenges faced by stealth coatings in complex service environments,the development of multifunctional integrated microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) that combine efficient electromagnetic (EM) attenuation with environmental tolerance has become an urgent need.In this work,coral-like CoNi@Void@C microparticle (MP) with the yolk-shell structure was synthesized through a continuous process combining conventional solvothermal,sol-gel,oxidative self-polymerization,and acid etching.The precise construction of the magnetic core-cavity-carbon shell structure synergistically optimizes impedance matching and multiple loss mechanisms,endowing the material with outstanding microwave dissipation performance.A minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -81.24 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.21 GHz are achieved at an ultra-thin matching thickness (dm),and the excellent EM stealth capability is confirmed by a radar cross-section value of 51.82 dB m2.Additionally,the barrier effect of the cavity buffer layer and nonpolar carbon shell simultaneously endow it with low density,super-hydrophobicity,efficient photothermal conversion,corrosion resistance,and performance reinforcement for ionizing radiation shielding,demonstrating potential adaptability in various environments.This work provides a new paradigm for the next generation of environmentally adaptive MAMs through a three-level synergistic strategy of“morphology-cavity-interface”.展开更多
This study investigates the relationship between atmospheric stratification (i.e., static stability given by N2) and the vertical energy transfer of stationary planetary waves, and further illustrates the underlyin...This study investigates the relationship between atmospheric stratification (i.e., static stability given by N2) and the vertical energy transfer of stationary planetary waves, and further illustrates the underlying physical mechanism. Specifically, for the simplified case of constant stratospheric N2, the refractive index square of planetary waves has a theoretical tendency to increase first and then decrease with an increased N2, whereas the group velocity weakens. Mechanistically, this behavior can be understood as an intensified suppression of vertical isentropic surface displacement caused by meridional heat transport of planetary waves under strong N2 conditions. Observational analysis corroborates this finding, demonstrating a reduction in the vertical-propagation velocity of waves with increased N2. A linear, quasi- geostrophic, mid-latitude beta-plane model with a constant background westerly wind and a prescribed N2 applicable to the stratosphere is used to obtain analytic solutions. In this model, the planetary waves are initiated by steady energy influx from the lower boundary. The analysis indicates that under strong N2 conditions, the amplitude of planetary waves can be sufficiently increased by the effective energy convergence due to the slowing vertical energy transfer, resulting in a streamfunction response in this model that contains more energy. For N2 with a quasi-linear vertical variation, the results bear a resemblance to the constant case, except that the wave amplitude and oscillating frequency show some vertical variations.展开更多
Inspired by natural bird nests,nest-like structures consist of randomly packed slender particles confined within a container.This study investigates the dynamic behavior of nest-like structures by finite element simul...Inspired by natural bird nests,nest-like structures consist of randomly packed slender particles confined within a container.This study investigates the dynamic behavior of nest-like structures by finite element simulation and a shock model.Under dynamic impact conditions,the nest-like structures exhibit distinct mechanisms compared to quasistatic loading.A confined deformation zone with nearly uniform stress forms near the loading end.This zone propagates steadily into the undeformed region at a constant velocity.Notably,the expansion speed exceeds the loading rate but remains significantly slower than the stress wave speed in solid material.We proposed a rigid-perfectly plastic-locking shock model to quantitatively establish how initial conditions govern two critical dynamic responses:the stress in the confined zone and the expansion velocity of the confined zone.These dynamic characteristics of nest-like structures demonstrate their potential for impact resistance.展开更多
With the extensive production of current multifarious electronic devices,corresponding electromagnetic pollution issues have been increasingly exacerbated.In response to these challenges,herein,VS2 nanorods were un...With the extensive production of current multifarious electronic devices,corresponding electromagnetic pollution issues have been increasingly exacerbated.In response to these challenges,herein,VS2 nanorods were uniformly grafted on graphene nanosheets(GNSs)fabricated through a facile ball milling method to construct 1D/2D hierarchical VS2@GNSs composites with terrific electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption properties.Specifically,the minimal reflection loss(RLmin)of VS2@GNSs composites could reach-49.83 dB at 1.83 mm,and an ultra-broad effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.72 GHz was attained when the matching thickness was 1.96 mm,attributable to the distinguished impedance matching characteristics and EMW attenuation capacities of 1D/2D VS2@GNSs composites.In addition,computer simulation technology(CST)full-wave simulation further confirmed VS2@GNSs composites manifested remarkable radar scattering cross-section(RCs)suppression in real-world application scenarios,with the RCS reduction value of up to 20.38 dB m2compared to metallic substrate.This work proposed the theoretical instruction and experimental basis for the design and fabrication of highperformance stealth materials.展开更多
Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO2composite with gyroid structures ...Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO2composite with gyroid structures were prepared through digital light processing(DLP)3D printing,polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs),chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),and oxidation technologies.The incorporation of the CVISiC phase effectively increases the dissipation capability,while the synergistic interaction between the gyroid structure and SiO2phase significantly improves impedance matching performance.The SiOC/SiC/SiO2composite achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL min)of-62.2 d B at 4.3 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)covered the X-band,with a thickness range of 4.1 mm-4.65 mm.The CST simulation results explain the broadband and low-frequency absorption characteristics,with an EAB of 8.4 GHz(9.6-18 GHz)and an RL min of-21.5 dB at 5 GHz.The excellent EM wave attenuation performance is associated primarily with polarization loss,conduction loss,the gyroid structure's enhancement of multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves,and the resonance effect between the structural units.The SiOC/SiC/SiO2composite also demonstrated strong mechanical properties,with a maximum compressive failure strength of 31.6 MPa in the height direction.This work opens novel prospects for the development of multifunctional structural wave-absorbing materials suitable for broadband microwave absorption and load-bearing properties.展开更多
Lattice-level design presents a promising avenue to overcome the bottleneck of achieving a broadband dielectric response in transition metal chalcogenides.However,the selective control of lattice characteristics(expan...Lattice-level design presents a promising avenue to overcome the bottleneck of achieving a broadband dielectric response in transition metal chalcogenides.However,the selective control of lattice characteristics(expansion or contraction)in multiphase systems remains challenging,and their specific effects on electromagnetic modulation are poorly understood.Herein,we propose an etching-assisted strain engineering strategy to deliberately trigger lattice distortions and regulate lattice expansion and contraction in cobalt sulfide heterostructures.We demonstrate that the sequence of processing steps is critical:an etching-first-sulfurization-later approach(Route 1)preferentially induces tensile strain and lattice expansion,whereas a sulfurization-first-etching-later(Route 2)pathway favors compressive strain and lattice contraction.Compared to the strain-free cobalt sulfide(C-0),the optimal sample(C-24)achieves a comparable coexistence of local lattice expansion and contraction via Route 1.This coexistence expedites localized lattice perturbations,enriches lattice distortion-related sulfur vacancies,and intensifies multiphase heterointerfaces,collectively boosting the dielectric polarization response.Consequently,this elaborate strategy enables an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.45 GHz with excellent polarization behavior,which are 1.83-fold and 1.93-fold improvement over C-0,respectively.This work provides a novel strategy for manipulating polarization response at the lattice level,offering valuable insights for the rational design of advanced heterogeneous absorbents based on lattice strain engineering.展开更多
The Slow Wave Structure(SWS),typically fabricated from particle-reinforced composite material,such as Dispersed Oxygen-Free Copper(DOFC),is a core component of terahertz travelling wave tubes.However,machining these h...The Slow Wave Structure(SWS),typically fabricated from particle-reinforced composite material,such as Dispersed Oxygen-Free Copper(DOFC),is a core component of terahertz travelling wave tubes.However,machining these high-aspect-ratio,multi-period microstructures with high precision through traditional micro-milling is highly challenging due to significant tool wear when employing micro-cutters with extremely small diameters.This study proposes a novel hybrid fabrication method,termed Water film assisted Laser Pre-channel combined with Micro-Milling(WLPMM),to efficiently produce SWS structures with superior precision and reduce tool wear.In the WLPMM approach,water film assisted laser processing is first utilized to generate a preliminary U-shaped pre-channel,leveraging the enhanced material removal capabilities afforded by water film's scouring effect,optimized laser power strategies,and scanning methodologies.This initial step significantly reduces material volume,facilitating subsequent micro-milling to refine dimensional accuracy and surface quality with only one micro-cutter consumed.Consequently,this method effectively eliminates clamping errors typically introduced by frequent tool changes.Comparative analyses between WLPMM,pure micro-milling,and laser-assisted micro-milling demonstrate that WLPMM significantly outperforms alternative approaches in terms of reduced tool consumption and improved machining efficiency.Furthermore,WLPMM maintains comparable surface finish and dimensional precision,highlighting its viability and advantages for fabricating high-aspect-ratio slow wave microstructures essential in advanced aerospace and precision instrumentation applications.展开更多
This study quantitatively examined the fluid energy evolution and dissipation process near narrow gaps formed between multiple floating rectangular structures under wave-induced gap resonance conditions.Given the limi...This study quantitatively examined the fluid energy evolution and dissipation process near narrow gaps formed between multiple floating rectangular structures under wave-induced gap resonance conditions.Given the limited understanding of gap resonance mechanisms through fluid energy analysis,a numerical wave flume based on theδ-LES-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)approach was developed to investigate how incident wave and structural parameters influence the temporal evolution of fluid energy components.The findings reveal that for two floating boxes,the fluid energy dissipation within one wave period in the gap region between the boxes constitutes 81%of the total fluid energy dissipation in the fluid domain.This proportion remains consistent across varying incident wave heights under gap resonance conditions.The temporal distribution of fluid energy dissipation rate shows two peak values within one wave period,exhibiting significant waveform asymmetry.Additionally,in three-box configurations,the two narrow gap regions serve as primary zones of fluid energy dissipation,with energy dissipation patterns closely resembling those observed in the single gap region.Through comprehensive analysis of fluid energy evolution,this research advances the fundamental understanding of gap resonance mechanisms.展开更多
The theoretical research and development of wave propagation in periodic structures is the basis for studying dynamic response problems,dynamic mechanical properties of materials,medical ultrasonic problems,nondestruc...The theoretical research and development of wave propagation in periodic structures is the basis for studying dynamic response problems,dynamic mechanical properties of materials,medical ultrasonic problems,nondestructive testing and other problems.The isogeometric analysis(IGA),in conjunction with the high-order homogenization approach,is presented in this work for wave propagation analysis in periodic composite structures.Discretizing the microscopic characteristic function using non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS)basis function improves the accuracy of high-order field calculations.The macro-and microscale wave equations are solved using the IGA method.The wave propagation equation is progressively expanded by using the asymptotic homogenization method based on multi-spatial scales within the isogeometric discretization framework,thereby reducing the sensitivity of the time step and the calculation time while maintaining the same level of accuracy.Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this isogeometric high-order homogenization(IGHH)model for wave propagation.展开更多
The push for electrification in chemical engineering is accelerating the development of efficient technologies for external field intensification,such as microwave.These technologies aim to maximize the utilization of...The push for electrification in chemical engineering is accelerating the development of efficient technologies for external field intensification,such as microwave.These technologies aim to maximize the utilization of matter and energy.However,the emergence of fluid structure at nano-/microscopic levels,combined with the complex interactions between interfacial effects and microwave,poses significant challenges to existing theoretical frameworks.Traditional thermodynamic models,which rely on macroscopic experimental data within a phenomenological approach,may not accurately capture the precise variations in fluid structures at interfaces with microwave applied.In this perspective,we begin with quantum mechanics and propose the concept of equivalent potential,providing a fundamental principle to unify the impacts of interface and microwave.Meanwhile,the importance of fluid structure regulation within the framework of equivalent potential has been discussed,promoting deeper exploration of both thermal and nonthermal microwave effects.Looking ahead,the ongoing development and application of novel theoretical methods that decouple interfacial effects from external field effects,alongside advancements in in situ spectral characterization technologies,are expected to establish a paradigm based on the microscopic fluid structure regulation that better facilitates the utilization of microwaves in modern chemical engineering.展开更多
Designing infrared transparent electromagnetic shielding films(ITESFs)is challenging because carrier absorption and carrier transport occur simultaneously.Sandwich structures with Ag inserted into semiconductors can a...Designing infrared transparent electromagnetic shielding films(ITESFs)is challenging because carrier absorption and carrier transport occur simultaneously.Sandwich structures with Ag inserted into semiconductors can achieve synergy between transparency and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness,but Ag films alone suffer from island growth and optical loss.This work presents a sandwich structure using a transmittance-enhancing conductive layer composed of a wetting layer and Ag(WL/Ag).As a proof of concept,a Bi2Se3/Ti WL/Ag/Bi2Se3film was prepared,achieving a longwavelength infrared transmittance of 77% and a conductivity of 5988 S/cm.The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness reached~22 dB in the X band(8.2-12.4 GHz),meeting the requirement of protecting infrared optoelectronic devices from electromagnetic interference.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculations showed that the Ti wetting layer enhances performance through high surface energy,low nk product values,and admittance matching.We proposed design criteria for wetting layers and identified candidate materials such as Cr.This study provides an optimization strategy for sandwich structures and introduces high-performance ITESFs for infrared optoelectronic devices.展开更多
Frequency effect,in addition to time delay effect,on the response of the frame structure to sinusoidal and earthquake wave passage excitations is studied,respectively.The dynamic equilibrium equation in terms of the d...Frequency effect,in addition to time delay effect,on the response of the frame structure to sinusoidal and earthquake wave passage excitations is studied,respectively.The dynamic equilibrium equation in terms of the displacements of horizontal DOFs for a single-span,one-story plane frame structure subjected to wave passage excitation is formulated,and the relative motion method and mode superposition method are used to solve the dynamic equilibrium equation.The analytical and semi-analytical solutions of structural responses of the frame structure to sinusoidal and earthquake wave passage excitations are given,respectively.A new cognition is obtained that the wave passage effect includes not only time delay effect but also frequency effect.The frequency effect is also the mechanism of wave passage effect for the frame structure.When the excitation frequency is within a range from a frequency slightly bigger than zero to a certain frequency less than the structural fundamental frequency,the lower the excitation frequency,the more significant wave passage effect.Earthquake wave passage effect for the frame structure depends on the low-frequency content of earthquake wave besides time delay,and the more the low-frequency content,the more significant wave passage effect.展开更多
Simplifying the technology for regulating dielectric properties and enriching electromagnetic loss mechanisms of layered electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials still faces challenges.Herein,we propose a simple ...Simplifying the technology for regulating dielectric properties and enriching electromagnetic loss mechanisms of layered electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials still faces challenges.Herein,we propose a simple and eco-friendly sieving strategy to control the lateral size(3-50μm)of multilayered SiP2 flakes for regulating dielectric constants.Moreover,hierarchical-structured 2D SiP2@0D Ni nanoparticles/1D Ni chains low-dimensional aggregates are in-situ constructed on SiP2 flakes via a two-step hydrothermal method to enhance interfacial polarization and electromagnetic synergistic effects.When the lateral size was controlled at 11μm(SiP2-300),the intrinsic SiP2 exhibits strong reflection loss(RL)value of-38.9 dB at 1.7 mm.Notably,the construction of 2D/0D/1D SiP2@Ni not only maintains a strong RL of-40.1 dB,but also shifts the corresponding absorption frequency from original Ku-band(11.8 GHz)to C-band(7.2 GHz).More importantly,the effective absorption bandwidth is broadened from 2.9 GHz to 4.1 GHz benefiting from the construction of electromagnetic synergy networks.Additionally,the radar cross section(RCS)value(29.14 dB·m2)evaluated by the computer simulation technology(CST)results for SiP2@Ni-S2 confirm the excellent dissipation ability.This study provides a new strategy for the application of layered absorbers with low-frequency,broadband and adjustable EMW properties.展开更多
This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model that considers not only the uncertainties in wave and vessel arrival times but also sedimentation and tidal occurrence.Those factors impact the vessel’s operational...This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model that considers not only the uncertainties in wave and vessel arrival times but also sedimentation and tidal occurrence.Those factors impact the vessel’s operational cost,influencing the seaport’s competitiveness.Therefore,seaport operators need to decide the reference vessel size,dredging maintenance actions,and infrastructure required to ensure the smooth operation of the vessel.The optimization model is solved by invoking a variant of the genetic algorithm(GA).Case studies based on actual seaports in Indonesia are conducted to illustrate the model’s application and results clearly.It was found that the uncertainties of wave and vessel arrival are responsible for deviations in expected operational costs,while increasing infrastructure costs minimizes these deviations and reduces the expected operational costs.展开更多
Two-dimensional(2D)materials,especially their heterostructures,have garnered significant attention in the field of electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption,owing to their high specific surface area and the capability to ex...Two-dimensional(2D)materials,especially their heterostructures,have garnered significant attention in the field of electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption,owing to their high specific surface area and the capability to extend EMW propagation paths.However,conventional 2D/2D heterostructures frequently encounter challenges such as limited interfacial diversity,poor impedance matching,and insufficient synergistic effects of loss mechanisms,which collectively constrain further advancement in EMW absorption.To address these limitations,we have engineered a novel 2D/2D/2D hierarchical heterostructure,denoted as Bi2MoO6/BiSx@nitrogen-doped carbon/MoS2(Bi2MoO6/BiSx@NC/MoS2).The distinctive architecture of this heterostructure features a rational layered configuration:the outer MoS2 layer functions as an“impedance matching layer”to promote EMW entry;the intermediate NC layer serves as a polarization-induced“trapping layer”to suppress secondary reflection;and the inner Bi2MoO6/BiSx layer acts as the“absorption layer”responsible for core energy dissipation.This deliberate multi-layer design facilitates interconnected microcurrent networks,induces multi-interface polarization,and harnesses multi-component hybridization effects,thereby achieving optimized impedance matching and synergistic dielectric/magnetic losses.Consequently,the designed heterostructure inherits exceptional EMW absorption performance,with an ultra-strong reflection loss(RL)of−63.57 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.55 GHz at a matching thickness of only 2.85 mm.This work provides valuable insights into the structural design of advanced 2D heterostructures and offers a functional unit analysis perspective for developing high-performance EMW absorbers.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372233)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.25GH01020005)the“111 Project”of China(No.B17037)。
摘要As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52001071)the Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province(Grant No.2025A1515010961)+4 种基金Special Fund Competition Allocation Project of Guangdong Science and Technology Innovation Strategy(Grant No.2023A01022)the Doctor Initiate Projects of Guangdong Ocean University(Grant No.R20068)the Fund of Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Equipment for South China Sea Marine Ranching(Grant No.2023B1212030003)Student Innovation Team Project of Guangdong Ocean University(Grant No.CXTD2023012)Guangdong Provincial College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(Grant No.S202510566061).
摘要Wave loads are a critical factor influencing the safety of semi-submersible offshore platforms(SSOPs).However,research on wave loads acting on semi-submerged structures remains limited due to complex large-amplitude motions,such as green water and wave breaking.To investigate the wave loads on an SSOP induced by a solitary wave,a meshless numerical model is developed by integrating the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,artificial viscosity,and Rayleigh theory.The model’s accuracy is validated by comparing simulated wave heights and wave loads against experimental data and exact analytical solutions.The maximum absolute error in the wave height peak is 0.037,corresponding to a relative error of 7.4%,while the maximum relative error in wave loads is 54%(absolute error:0.37 N).Although the relative error in the wave loads appears large,primarily due to the small magnitude of the measured loads,the numerical results remain in good agreement with both the experimental data and the exact solutions.Flow velocities around the structure increase with higher wave heights,exceeding 2 m/s when wave heights surpass 0.2 m,owing to complex wave dynamics.Distinct vortices form both upstream and downstream of the structure,intensifying with increasing wave height.The peak magnitudes of horizontal forces(both positive and negative)decrease with greater water depth,whereas vertical forces increase.Notably,the wave load amplitude(WLA)in the z-direction significantly exceeds that in the x-direction,reaching a maximum value of 0.799.
基金financially supported by the project of the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Dongguan(Grant No.20241201300022)the Advanced Materials-National Science and Technology Major Project(Grant No.2025ZD0619202)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation Project of Chongqing Research Institute,Harbin Institute of Technology(Grant No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX1572)support from Energy and Information Materials Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province.
摘要Electromagnetic wave absorption materials require high dielectric loss and excellent impedance matching performance.However,current conventional biomass‐derived electromagnetic wave absorption materials are still limited by low electrical conductivity and a single structure.In this work,a“sphereetwork”hierarchical attenuation electromagnetic wave absorption material,which combines weakly conductive biomass‐derived carbon spheres and highly conductive cantaloupe‐like textured polypyrrole,was synthesized using Fe3+and methyl orange as template‐directing agents.Under the guiding effect of methyl orange,polypyrrole does not undergo disordered agglomeration on the surface of carbon spheres;instead,tubular polypyrrole grows orderly along the sphere surface and assembles to form a continuous conductive network.Conduction loss,dipole polarization,and interfacial polarization loss-acting as cooperative loss mechanisms-enable OJ‐MO‐PPy‐2.5 to achieve broadband effective absorption,with an effective absorption bandwidth of 7.2 GHz and a minimum reflection loss of−48.82 dB.Meanwhile,computer simulation technology(CST)simulation results indicate that after coating OJ‐MO‐PPy‐2.5,the reflection intensity of the electromagnetic wave is reduced by approximately three times when the wave is incident normally.The successful fabrication of OJ‐MO‐PPy furnishes novel insights for biomass‐derived electromagnetic wave absorption materials with broadband absorption capabilities.
基金support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274176)the Guangdong Province Key Areas R&D Program(No.2022B0101070001)+5 种基金Chongqing Elite Innovation and Entrepreneurship Leading talent Project(No.CQYC20220302517)the Chongqing Natural Science Foundation Innovation and Development Joint Fund(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-LZX0079)the National Key Research and Development Program Young Scientists Project(No.2022YFC2905700)the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission“Shuangcheng Economic Circle Construction in Chengdu-Chongqing Area”Science and Technology Innovation Project(No.KJCX2020031)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2024CDJGF-009)the Key Project for Technological Innovation and Application Development in Chongqing(No.CSTB2025TIAD-KPX0029).
摘要An innovative real-time monitoring method for surrounding rock damage based on microseismic time-lapse double-difference tomography is proposed for delayed dynamic damage identification and insufficient detection of adverse geological conditions in deep-buried tunnel construction.The installation techniques for microseismic sensors were optimized by mounting sensors at bolt ends which significantly improves signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)and anti-interference capability compared to conventional borehole placement.Subsequently,a 3D wave velocity evolution model that incorporates construction-induced disturbances was established,enabling the first visualization of spatiotemporal variations in surrounding rock wave velocity.It finds significant wave velocity reduction near the tunnel face,with roof and floor damage zones extending 40–50 m;wave velocities approaching undisturbed levels at 15 m ahead of the working face and on the laterally undisturbed side;pronounced spatial asymmetry in wave velocity distribution—values on the left side exceed those on the right,with a clear stress concentration or transition zone located 10–15 m;and systematically lower velocities behind the face than in front,indicating asymmetric rock damage development.These results provide essential theoretical support and practical guidance for optimizing dynamic construction strategies,enabling real-time adjustment of support parameters,and establishing safety early warning systems in deep-buried tunnel engineering.
基金financially supported by the Innovation Fund for Young Scholars of State Key Laboratory of Coastal and Offshore Engineering(Dalian University of Technology)(Grant No.LY2304)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52371277)+2 种基金the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Grant No.2023A1515010890)the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Intelligent Construction and Operation(Tianjin University)(Grant No.HESS-2323)the Collaborative Research Program of the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics,Kyushu University(Grant No.25RE-1).
摘要A fully nonlinear potential flow(FNPF)solver has been developed using the Finite Element Method(FEM)to simulate time-domain interactions between free-surface waves and marine structures.The ALE framework is implemented alongside a segment spring analogy-based moving mesh strategy to accurately track evolving free surfaces and moving boundaries of floating bodies.The solver employs a preconditioned conjugate gradient method to efficiently resolve the resulting sparse,symmetric linear system at each time step.Temporal evolution is managed through a standard fourth-order Runge-Kutta scheme,while Chebyshev 5-point smoothing suppresses non-physical saw-tooth instabilities.The solver’s performance and reliability are verified through comprehensive benchmark tests,including freesurface sloshing,nonlinear wave propagation,and wave-structure interactions with submerged or floating bodies.Furthermore,the study explores a modified potential flow model incorporating a quadratic damping term to address viscous effects in gap/moonpool resonance problems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.22479067)Yunnan Provincial University Service Key Industry Science and Technology Program(Grant No.FWCY-BSPY2024052)+2 种基金Youth Fund of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(Grant No.202501AU070118)Joint Special Fund for the“Double First-Class” Initiative of Kunming University of Science and Technology(Grant No.202401BE070001-062)Yunnan Young Talents Program for “Xingdian Talent Support Plan”(Grant No.KKXX202551007)。
摘要Considering the multiple challenges faced by stealth coatings in complex service environments,the development of multifunctional integrated microwave absorbing materials (MAMs) that combine efficient electromagnetic (EM) attenuation with environmental tolerance has become an urgent need.In this work,coral-like CoNi@Void@C microparticle (MP) with the yolk-shell structure was synthesized through a continuous process combining conventional solvothermal,sol-gel,oxidative self-polymerization,and acid etching.The precise construction of the magnetic core-cavity-carbon shell structure synergistically optimizes impedance matching and multiple loss mechanisms,endowing the material with outstanding microwave dissipation performance.A minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of -81.24 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.21 GHz are achieved at an ultra-thin matching thickness (dm),and the excellent EM stealth capability is confirmed by a radar cross-section value of 51.82 dB m2.Additionally,the barrier effect of the cavity buffer layer and nonpolar carbon shell simultaneously endow it with low density,super-hydrophobicity,efficient photothermal conversion,corrosion resistance,and performance reinforcement for ionizing radiation shielding,demonstrating potential adaptability in various environments.This work provides a new paradigm for the next generation of environmentally adaptive MAMs through a three-level synergistic strategy of“morphology-cavity-interface”.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42261134532,42405059,and U2342212)。
摘要This study investigates the relationship between atmospheric stratification (i.e., static stability given by N2) and the vertical energy transfer of stationary planetary waves, and further illustrates the underlying physical mechanism. Specifically, for the simplified case of constant stratospheric N2, the refractive index square of planetary waves has a theoretical tendency to increase first and then decrease with an increased N2, whereas the group velocity weakens. Mechanistically, this behavior can be understood as an intensified suppression of vertical isentropic surface displacement caused by meridional heat transport of planetary waves under strong N2 conditions. Observational analysis corroborates this finding, demonstrating a reduction in the vertical-propagation velocity of waves with increased N2. A linear, quasi- geostrophic, mid-latitude beta-plane model with a constant background westerly wind and a prescribed N2 applicable to the stratosphere is used to obtain analytic solutions. In this model, the planetary waves are initiated by steady energy influx from the lower boundary. The analysis indicates that under strong N2 conditions, the amplitude of planetary waves can be sufficiently increased by the effective energy convergence due to the slowing vertical energy transfer, resulting in a streamfunction response in this model that contains more energy. For N2 with a quasi-linear vertical variation, the results bear a resemblance to the constant case, except that the wave amplitude and oscillating frequency show some vertical variations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12572117 and 12032001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China,Basic Science Center Program for“Multiscale Problems in Nonlinear Mechanics”(Grant No 11988102)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No 2018022).
摘要Inspired by natural bird nests,nest-like structures consist of randomly packed slender particles confined within a container.This study investigates the dynamic behavior of nest-like structures by finite element simulation and a shock model.Under dynamic impact conditions,the nest-like structures exhibit distinct mechanisms compared to quasistatic loading.A confined deformation zone with nearly uniform stress forms near the loading end.This zone propagates steadily into the undeformed region at a constant velocity.Notably,the expansion speed exceeds the loading rate but remains significantly slower than the stress wave speed in solid material.We proposed a rigid-perfectly plastic-locking shock model to quantitatively establish how initial conditions govern two critical dynamic responses:the stress in the confined zone and the expansion velocity of the confined zone.These dynamic characteristics of nest-like structures demonstrate their potential for impact resistance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22475176)the PhD Start-up Fund of Science and Technology Department of Liaoning Province(2022-BS-306)。
摘要With the extensive production of current multifarious electronic devices,corresponding electromagnetic pollution issues have been increasingly exacerbated.In response to these challenges,herein,VS2 nanorods were uniformly grafted on graphene nanosheets(GNSs)fabricated through a facile ball milling method to construct 1D/2D hierarchical VS2@GNSs composites with terrific electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption properties.Specifically,the minimal reflection loss(RLmin)of VS2@GNSs composites could reach-49.83 dB at 1.83 mm,and an ultra-broad effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 6.72 GHz was attained when the matching thickness was 1.96 mm,attributable to the distinguished impedance matching characteristics and EMW attenuation capacities of 1D/2D VS2@GNSs composites.In addition,computer simulation technology(CST)full-wave simulation further confirmed VS2@GNSs composites manifested remarkable radar scattering cross-section(RCs)suppression in real-world application scenarios,with the RCS reduction value of up to 20.38 dB m2compared to metallic substrate.This work proposed the theoretical instruction and experimental basis for the design and fabrication of highperformance stealth materials.
基金financially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12141203,52202083,W2421013)the Natural Science Foundation Project of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2024JC-YBMS-450)+1 种基金the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(Grant No.2024YFHZ0265)the Open Project of High-end Equipment Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technology Laboratory(Grant No.2023KFKT0005)。
摘要Designing materials with both structural load-bearing capacity and broadband electromagnetic(EM)wave absorption properties remains a significant challenge.In this work,SiOC/SiC/SiO2composite with gyroid structures were prepared through digital light processing(DLP)3D printing,polymer-derived ceramics(PDCs),chemical vapor infiltration(CVI),and oxidation technologies.The incorporation of the CVISiC phase effectively increases the dissipation capability,while the synergistic interaction between the gyroid structure and SiO2phase significantly improves impedance matching performance.The SiOC/SiC/SiO2composite achieved a minimum reflection loss(RL min)of-62.2 d B at 4.3 mm,and the effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)covered the X-band,with a thickness range of 4.1 mm-4.65 mm.The CST simulation results explain the broadband and low-frequency absorption characteristics,with an EAB of 8.4 GHz(9.6-18 GHz)and an RL min of-21.5 dB at 5 GHz.The excellent EM wave attenuation performance is associated primarily with polarization loss,conduction loss,the gyroid structure's enhancement of multiple reflections and scattering of EM waves,and the resonance effect between the structural units.The SiOC/SiC/SiO2composite also demonstrated strong mechanical properties,with a maximum compressive failure strength of 31.6 MPa in the height direction.This work opens novel prospects for the development of multifunctional structural wave-absorbing materials suitable for broadband microwave absorption and load-bearing properties.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants nos.52302150,62201411,62371378 and 22205168)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grants nos.ZYTS25123,ZYTS25134)+4 种基金the Nature Science Foundation of Shaanxi in China(Grant nos.2024JC-YBQN-0468)Scientific Research Program Funded by Education Department of Shaanxi Provincal Government(Nos.24JKO665)the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.20230018081023)Qin Chuang Yuan Citing Highlevel Innovation and Entrepreneurship Talent Projects(Grants nos.QCYRCXM-2022-349)Youth Talent Program of Shaanxi Province(H024400001).
摘要Lattice-level design presents a promising avenue to overcome the bottleneck of achieving a broadband dielectric response in transition metal chalcogenides.However,the selective control of lattice characteristics(expansion or contraction)in multiphase systems remains challenging,and their specific effects on electromagnetic modulation are poorly understood.Herein,we propose an etching-assisted strain engineering strategy to deliberately trigger lattice distortions and regulate lattice expansion and contraction in cobalt sulfide heterostructures.We demonstrate that the sequence of processing steps is critical:an etching-first-sulfurization-later approach(Route 1)preferentially induces tensile strain and lattice expansion,whereas a sulfurization-first-etching-later(Route 2)pathway favors compressive strain and lattice contraction.Compared to the strain-free cobalt sulfide(C-0),the optimal sample(C-24)achieves a comparable coexistence of local lattice expansion and contraction via Route 1.This coexistence expedites localized lattice perturbations,enriches lattice distortion-related sulfur vacancies,and intensifies multiphase heterointerfaces,collectively boosting the dielectric polarization response.Consequently,this elaborate strategy enables an effective absorption bandwidth of 5.45 GHz with excellent polarization behavior,which are 1.83-fold and 1.93-fold improvement over C-0,respectively.This work provides a novel strategy for manipulating polarization response at the lattice level,offering valuable insights for the rational design of advanced heterogeneous absorbents based on lattice strain engineering.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2024YFB4609503)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52075128)+1 种基金Open Project from the State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Systems,China(HIT,SKLRS-2025-KF-09)the‘‘Young Scientist Workshops”of Harbin Institute of Technology,China(Category B)。
摘要The Slow Wave Structure(SWS),typically fabricated from particle-reinforced composite material,such as Dispersed Oxygen-Free Copper(DOFC),is a core component of terahertz travelling wave tubes.However,machining these high-aspect-ratio,multi-period microstructures with high precision through traditional micro-milling is highly challenging due to significant tool wear when employing micro-cutters with extremely small diameters.This study proposes a novel hybrid fabrication method,termed Water film assisted Laser Pre-channel combined with Micro-Milling(WLPMM),to efficiently produce SWS structures with superior precision and reduce tool wear.In the WLPMM approach,water film assisted laser processing is first utilized to generate a preliminary U-shaped pre-channel,leveraging the enhanced material removal capabilities afforded by water film's scouring effect,optimized laser power strategies,and scanning methodologies.This initial step significantly reduces material volume,facilitating subsequent micro-milling to refine dimensional accuracy and surface quality with only one micro-cutter consumed.Consequently,this method effectively eliminates clamping errors typically introduced by frequent tool changes.Comparative analyses between WLPMM,pure micro-milling,and laser-assisted micro-milling demonstrate that WLPMM significantly outperforms alternative approaches in terms of reduced tool consumption and improved machining efficiency.Furthermore,WLPMM maintains comparable surface finish and dimensional precision,highlighting its viability and advantages for fabricating high-aspect-ratio slow wave microstructures essential in advanced aerospace and precision instrumentation applications.
基金supported by the New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52471307)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.202562012).
摘要This study quantitatively examined the fluid energy evolution and dissipation process near narrow gaps formed between multiple floating rectangular structures under wave-induced gap resonance conditions.Given the limited understanding of gap resonance mechanisms through fluid energy analysis,a numerical wave flume based on theδ-LES-Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH)approach was developed to investigate how incident wave and structural parameters influence the temporal evolution of fluid energy components.The findings reveal that for two floating boxes,the fluid energy dissipation within one wave period in the gap region between the boxes constitutes 81%of the total fluid energy dissipation in the fluid domain.This proportion remains consistent across varying incident wave heights under gap resonance conditions.The temporal distribution of fluid energy dissipation rate shows two peak values within one wave period,exhibiting significant waveform asymmetry.Additionally,in three-box configurations,the two narrow gap regions serve as primary zones of fluid energy dissipation,with energy dissipation patterns closely resembling those observed in the single gap region.Through comprehensive analysis of fluid energy evolution,this research advances the fundamental understanding of gap resonance mechanisms.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12072058 and U2341232).
摘要The theoretical research and development of wave propagation in periodic structures is the basis for studying dynamic response problems,dynamic mechanical properties of materials,medical ultrasonic problems,nondestructive testing and other problems.The isogeometric analysis(IGA),in conjunction with the high-order homogenization approach,is presented in this work for wave propagation analysis in periodic composite structures.Discretizing the microscopic characteristic function using non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS)basis function improves the accuracy of high-order field calculations.The macro-and microscale wave equations are solved using the IGA method.The wave propagation equation is progressively expanded by using the asymptotic homogenization method based on multi-spatial scales within the isogeometric discretization framework,thereby reducing the sensitivity of the time step and the calculation time while maintaining the same level of accuracy.Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this isogeometric high-order homogenization(IGHH)model for wave propagation.
基金financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2024YFE0206200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22378183 and 22378184).
摘要The push for electrification in chemical engineering is accelerating the development of efficient technologies for external field intensification,such as microwave.These technologies aim to maximize the utilization of matter and energy.However,the emergence of fluid structure at nano-/microscopic levels,combined with the complex interactions between interfacial effects and microwave,poses significant challenges to existing theoretical frameworks.Traditional thermodynamic models,which rely on macroscopic experimental data within a phenomenological approach,may not accurately capture the precise variations in fluid structures at interfaces with microwave applied.In this perspective,we begin with quantum mechanics and propose the concept of equivalent potential,providing a fundamental principle to unify the impacts of interface and microwave.Meanwhile,the importance of fluid structure regulation within the framework of equivalent potential has been discussed,promoting deeper exploration of both thermal and nonthermal microwave effects.Looking ahead,the ongoing development and application of novel theoretical methods that decouple interfacial effects from external field effects,alongside advancements in in situ spectral characterization technologies,are expected to establish a paradigm based on the microscopic fluid structure regulation that better facilitates the utilization of microwaves in modern chemical engineering.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing,China(Grant No.4222086)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52032004and 52272153)。
摘要Designing infrared transparent electromagnetic shielding films(ITESFs)is challenging because carrier absorption and carrier transport occur simultaneously.Sandwich structures with Ag inserted into semiconductors can achieve synergy between transparency and electromagnetic shielding effectiveness,but Ag films alone suffer from island growth and optical loss.This work presents a sandwich structure using a transmittance-enhancing conductive layer composed of a wetting layer and Ag(WL/Ag).As a proof of concept,a Bi2Se3/Ti WL/Ag/Bi2Se3film was prepared,achieving a longwavelength infrared transmittance of 77% and a conductivity of 5988 S/cm.The electromagnetic shielding effectiveness reached~22 dB in the X band(8.2-12.4 GHz),meeting the requirement of protecting infrared optoelectronic devices from electromagnetic interference.High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and theoretical calculations showed that the Ti wetting layer enhances performance through high surface energy,low nk product values,and admittance matching.We proposed design criteria for wetting layers and identified candidate materials such as Cr.This study provides an optimization strategy for sandwich structures and introduces high-performance ITESFs for infrared optoelectronic devices.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11672190Department of Education of Liaoning Province under Grant No.LJKZ0560。
摘要Frequency effect,in addition to time delay effect,on the response of the frame structure to sinusoidal and earthquake wave passage excitations is studied,respectively.The dynamic equilibrium equation in terms of the displacements of horizontal DOFs for a single-span,one-story plane frame structure subjected to wave passage excitation is formulated,and the relative motion method and mode superposition method are used to solve the dynamic equilibrium equation.The analytical and semi-analytical solutions of structural responses of the frame structure to sinusoidal and earthquake wave passage excitations are given,respectively.A new cognition is obtained that the wave passage effect includes not only time delay effect but also frequency effect.The frequency effect is also the mechanism of wave passage effect for the frame structure.When the excitation frequency is within a range from a frequency slightly bigger than zero to a certain frequency less than the structural fundamental frequency,the lower the excitation frequency,the more significant wave passage effect.Earthquake wave passage effect for the frame structure depends on the low-frequency content of earthquake wave besides time delay,and the more the low-frequency content,the more significant wave passage effect.
摘要Simplifying the technology for regulating dielectric properties and enriching electromagnetic loss mechanisms of layered electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption materials still faces challenges.Herein,we propose a simple and eco-friendly sieving strategy to control the lateral size(3-50μm)of multilayered SiP2 flakes for regulating dielectric constants.Moreover,hierarchical-structured 2D SiP2@0D Ni nanoparticles/1D Ni chains low-dimensional aggregates are in-situ constructed on SiP2 flakes via a two-step hydrothermal method to enhance interfacial polarization and electromagnetic synergistic effects.When the lateral size was controlled at 11μm(SiP2-300),the intrinsic SiP2 exhibits strong reflection loss(RL)value of-38.9 dB at 1.7 mm.Notably,the construction of 2D/0D/1D SiP2@Ni not only maintains a strong RL of-40.1 dB,but also shifts the corresponding absorption frequency from original Ku-band(11.8 GHz)to C-band(7.2 GHz).More importantly,the effective absorption bandwidth is broadened from 2.9 GHz to 4.1 GHz benefiting from the construction of electromagnetic synergy networks.Additionally,the radar cross section(RCS)value(29.14 dB·m2)evaluated by the computer simulation technology(CST)results for SiP2@Ni-S2 confirm the excellent dissipation ability.This study provides a new strategy for the application of layered absorbers with low-frequency,broadband and adjustable EMW properties.
摘要This paper proposes a stochastic optimization model that considers not only the uncertainties in wave and vessel arrival times but also sedimentation and tidal occurrence.Those factors impact the vessel’s operational cost,influencing the seaport’s competitiveness.Therefore,seaport operators need to decide the reference vessel size,dredging maintenance actions,and infrastructure required to ensure the smooth operation of the vessel.The optimization model is solved by invoking a variant of the genetic algorithm(GA).Case studies based on actual seaports in Indonesia are conducted to illustrate the model’s application and results clearly.It was found that the uncertainties of wave and vessel arrival are responsible for deviations in expected operational costs,while increasing infrastructure costs minimizes these deviations and reduces the expected operational costs.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52562043)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.20244BAB28050).
摘要Two-dimensional(2D)materials,especially their heterostructures,have garnered significant attention in the field of electromagnetic wave(EMW)absorption,owing to their high specific surface area and the capability to extend EMW propagation paths.However,conventional 2D/2D heterostructures frequently encounter challenges such as limited interfacial diversity,poor impedance matching,and insufficient synergistic effects of loss mechanisms,which collectively constrain further advancement in EMW absorption.To address these limitations,we have engineered a novel 2D/2D/2D hierarchical heterostructure,denoted as Bi2MoO6/BiSx@nitrogen-doped carbon/MoS2(Bi2MoO6/BiSx@NC/MoS2).The distinctive architecture of this heterostructure features a rational layered configuration:the outer MoS2 layer functions as an“impedance matching layer”to promote EMW entry;the intermediate NC layer serves as a polarization-induced“trapping layer”to suppress secondary reflection;and the inner Bi2MoO6/BiSx layer acts as the“absorption layer”responsible for core energy dissipation.This deliberate multi-layer design facilitates interconnected microcurrent networks,induces multi-interface polarization,and harnesses multi-component hybridization effects,thereby achieving optimized impedance matching and synergistic dielectric/magnetic losses.Consequently,the designed heterostructure inherits exceptional EMW absorption performance,with an ultra-strong reflection loss(RL)of−63.57 dB and a broad effective absorption bandwidth(EAB)of 3.55 GHz at a matching thickness of only 2.85 mm.This work provides valuable insights into the structural design of advanced 2D heterostructures and offers a functional unit analysis perspective for developing high-performance EMW absorbers.