Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, mRNA, and DNA. H...Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, mRNA, and DNA. However, emerging evidence indicates that GAPDH is implicated in diverse functions independent of its role in energy metabolism; the expression status of GAPDH is also deregulated in various cancer cells. One of the most common effects of GAPDH is its inconsistent role in the determination of cancer cell fate. Furthermore, studies have described GAPDH as a regulator of cell death; other studies have suggested that GAPDH participates in tumor progression and serves as a new therapeutic target. However, related regulatory mechanisms of its numerous cellular functions and deregulated expression levels remain unclear. GAPDH is tightly regulated at transcriptional and pnsttranscriptional levels, which are involved in the regulation of diverse GAPDH functions. Several cancer-related factors, such as insulin, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), p53, nitric oxide (NO), and acetylated histone, not only modulate GAPDH gene expression but also affect protein functions via common pathways. Moreover, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) occurring in GAPDH in cancer cells result in new activities unrelated to the original glycnlytic function of GAPDH. In this review, recent findings related to GAPDH transcriptional regulation and PTMs are summarized. Mechanisms and pathways involved in GAPDH regulation and its different roles in cancer cells are also described.展开更多
本研究旨在建立鸭GAPDH基因的real-time PCR技术,为鸭功能基因mRNA水平的定量分析提供有用的方法学基础.根据GenBank中鸭GAPDH基因的序列设计引物,建立了基于SYBR Green I染料技术的real-time PCR方法.结果表明,所建立的方法具有快速、...本研究旨在建立鸭GAPDH基因的real-time PCR技术,为鸭功能基因mRNA水平的定量分析提供有用的方法学基础.根据GenBank中鸭GAPDH基因的序列设计引物,建立了基于SYBR Green I染料技术的real-time PCR方法.结果表明,所建立的方法具有快速、高通量、线性范围广以及重复性强等特点.研究结果为鸭GAPDH作为内参基因用于鸭相关基因定量表达分析奠定了基础.展开更多
摘要Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), initially identified as a glycolytic enzyme and considered as a housekeeping gene, is widely used as an internal control in experiments on proteins, mRNA, and DNA. However, emerging evidence indicates that GAPDH is implicated in diverse functions independent of its role in energy metabolism; the expression status of GAPDH is also deregulated in various cancer cells. One of the most common effects of GAPDH is its inconsistent role in the determination of cancer cell fate. Furthermore, studies have described GAPDH as a regulator of cell death; other studies have suggested that GAPDH participates in tumor progression and serves as a new therapeutic target. However, related regulatory mechanisms of its numerous cellular functions and deregulated expression levels remain unclear. GAPDH is tightly regulated at transcriptional and pnsttranscriptional levels, which are involved in the regulation of diverse GAPDH functions. Several cancer-related factors, such as insulin, hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), p53, nitric oxide (NO), and acetylated histone, not only modulate GAPDH gene expression but also affect protein functions via common pathways. Moreover, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) occurring in GAPDH in cancer cells result in new activities unrelated to the original glycnlytic function of GAPDH. In this review, recent findings related to GAPDH transcriptional regulation and PTMs are summarized. Mechanisms and pathways involved in GAPDH regulation and its different roles in cancer cells are also described.
基金supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology Foundation of Ministry of Education in China (No.209039)the Research Projects of Department of Health in Heilongjiang Province+3 种基金China (No. 2007-016)the Science and Technology Project (No. 11511424)Funds for Returnees of Oversea Scholar (No. 1251H005) of Department of Education in Heilongjiang ProvinceChina
摘要本文旨在探讨重组人红细胞生成素(recombinant human erythropoietin, rhEPO)是否通过抑制甘油醛三磷酸脱氢酶(glyc-eraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH)核内过表达减少脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经元凋亡。大脑中动脉栓塞法制作脑缺血再灌注大鼠模型。48只Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为假手术组、生理盐水对照组和EPO处理组。TTC染色、尼氏染色及Hoechst-33258免疫荧光分别观察EPO对脑组织缺血和缺血半影区神经元凋亡的影响;Hoechst-33258和GAPDH免疫荧光双染观察EPO对GAPDH核内过表达的影响。结果显示,与生理盐水对照组相比,再灌注同时开始给予rhEPO (3 000 U/kg,3次/日,腹腔注射)显著抑制缺血再灌注引起的神经元GAPDH核内过表达,同时显著减少半影区神经元凋亡数目,减轻缺血性脑损伤。以上结果提示,rhEPO可能通过抑制GAPDH核内过表达减少脑缺血再灌注大鼠半影区神经元凋亡,为探讨EPO的神经保护机制提供了实验证据。
摘要本研究旨在建立鸭GAPDH基因的real-time PCR技术,为鸭功能基因mRNA水平的定量分析提供有用的方法学基础.根据GenBank中鸭GAPDH基因的序列设计引物,建立了基于SYBR Green I染料技术的real-time PCR方法.结果表明,所建立的方法具有快速、高通量、线性范围广以及重复性强等特点.研究结果为鸭GAPDH作为内参基因用于鸭相关基因定量表达分析奠定了基础.